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Rojo-Wissar DM, Bai J, Benjamin-Neelon SE, Wolfson AR, Spira AP. Development of circadian rest-activity rhythms during the first year of life in a racially diverse cohort. Sleep 2022; 45:zsac078. [PMID: 35380731 PMCID: PMC9189964 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To describe the development of circadian rest-activity rhythms (CRARs) during infancy in a racially diverse cohort. METHODS We studied 414 infants from the Nurture birth cohort (51.2% female, 65.2% Black) who wore actigraphs on their left ankles for 4 days and nights at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. We quantified CRARs using cosinor and non-parametric circadian rhythm analysis, and investigated change in CRARs over time, comparing 6, 9, and 12 months to CRARs at 3 months. We adjusted for baseline and time-varying covariates and used function-on-scalar regression (FOSR) to identify the specific times of day at which activity changes occurred. RESULTS Across the first year, daily mean and peak activity levels and day-to-day activity level regularity increased, and activity level fragmentation and nighttime activity decreased. Only at 9 months, compared to at 3 months, did timing of peak activity levels and the most active periods shift later, while timing of least active periods shifted earlier. FOSR analyses showed that mean activity levels decreased during nighttime hours and increased during daytime hours, with the most pronounced changes at 9 months. CONCLUSIONS Among racially diverse infants, CRARs became more robust, stable, and less fragmented over time. Findings suggest the greatest change from 3-month CRARs occurs at 9 months, which may be a key period of CRAR development. This and future research will contribute to our understanding of normative infant CRAR development in diverse populations and enable us to identify infants who may benefit from intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlynn M Rojo-Wissar
- The Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- E.P. Bradley Hospital Sleep Research Laboratory, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,USA
| | - Jiawei Bai
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,USA
| | - Sara E Benjamin-Neelon
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,USA
| | - Amy R Wolfson
- Department of Psychology, Loyola College of Arts and Sciences, Loyola University Maryland
, Baltimore, MD,
USA
| | - Adam P Spira
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,USA
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD,USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,USA
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2
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Sgro M, Kodila ZN, Brady RD, Reichelt AC, Mychaisuk R, Yamakawa GR. Synchronizing Our Clocks as We Age: The Influence of the Brain-Gut-Immune Axis on the Sleep-Wake Cycle Across the Lifespan. Sleep 2021; 45:6425072. [PMID: 34757429 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbes that colonize the small and large intestines, known as the gut microbiome, play an integral role in optimal brain development and function. The gut microbiome is a vital component of the bi-directional communication pathway between the brain, immune system, and gut, also known as the brain-gut-immune axis. To date there has been minimal investigation into the implications of improper development of the gut microbiome and the brain-gut-immune axis on the sleep-wake cycle, particularly during sensitive periods of physical and neurological development, such as childhood, adolescence, and senescence. Therefore, this review will explore the current literature surrounding the overlapping developmental periods of the gut microbiome, brain, and immune system from birth through to senescence, while highlighting how the brain-gut-immune axis affects maturation and organisation of the sleep-wake cycle. We also examine how dysfunction to either the microbiome or the sleep-wake cycle negatively affects the bidirectional relationship between the brain and gut, and subsequently the overall health and functionality of this complex system. Additionally, this review integrates therapeutic studies to demonstrate when dietary manipulations, such as supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics, can modulate the gut microbiome to enhance health of the brain-gut-immune axis and optimize our sleep-wake cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Sgro
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zoe N Kodila
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy C Reichelt
- Department of Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychaisuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn R Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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3
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Schoch SF, Kurth S, Werner H. Actigraphy in sleep research with infants and young children: Current practices and future benefits of standardized reporting. J Sleep Res 2021; 30:e13134. [PMID: 32638500 PMCID: PMC8244022 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Actigraphy is a cost-efficient method to estimate sleep-wake patterns over long periods in natural settings. However, the lack of methodological standards in actigraphy research complicates the generalization of outcomes. A rapidly growing methodological diversity is visible in the field, which increasingly necessitates the detailed reporting of methodology. We address this problem and evaluate the current state of the art and recent methodological developments in actigraphy reporting with a special focus on infants and young children. Through a systematic literature search on PubMed (keywords: sleep, actigraphy, child *, preschool, children, infant), we identified 126 recent articles (published since 2012), which were classified and evaluated for reporting of actigraphy. Results show that all studies report on the number of days/nights the actigraph was worn. Reporting was good with respect to device model, placement and sleep diary, whereas reporting was worse for epoch length, algorithm, artefact identification, data loss and definition of variables. In the studies with infants only (n = 58), the majority of articles (62.1%) reported a recording of actigraphy that was continuous across 24 hr. Of these, 23 articles (63.9%) analysed the continuous 24-hr data and merely a fifth used actigraphy to quantify daytime sleep. In comparison with an evaluation in 2012, we observed small improvements in reporting of actigraphy methodology. We propose stricter adherence to standards in reporting methodology in order to streamline actigraphy research with infants and young children, to improve comparability and to facilitate big data ventures in the sleep community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F. Schoch
- Department of PulmonologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Salome Kurth
- Department of PulmonologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Helene Werner
- Psychosomatics and PsychiatryUniversity Children’s HospitalZurichSwitzerland
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health PsychologyInstitute of PsychologyUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
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4
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Kikuchi S, Nishihara K, Horiuchi S, Eto H. The influence of feeding method on a mother's circadian rhythm and on the development of her infant's circadian rest-activity rhythm. Early Hum Dev 2020; 145:105046. [PMID: 32353647 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An infant's circadian sleep-wake rhythm is established during the first three months after birth. It is crucial to identify how entrainment factors, such as maternal behavioural influences, feeding conditions, and others, contribute to the infant's obtaining circadian rhythm. This study examined the influence of feeding method on the mother's rhythm and on the development of her infant's circadian rest-activity rhythm. The subjects were 24 healthy primiparas (mean age, 29.8) and their full-term infants. We retrospectively divided the subjects into two groups based on feeding method (breastfeeding, 17; mixed-feeding, 7). Actographic recordings for the infants and their mothers were made over 3-5 consecutive days during the 2nd-3rd week, the 6th week, and the 12th week. First, we calculated the mean values of the autocorrelograms from the autocorrelation coefficients and calculated their statistical significance to see their rhythmicity for all the mothers and their infants at each of the periods. Second, we evaluated the mean values of the autocorrelograms to see statistical differences between the feeding methods. For the breastfed infants, the mean values of the autocorrelograms at 24-h for the 6th week were significant. However, the mean values for the mixed-fed infants were unclear. At the 12th week, the mean values of the autocorrelograms at 24-h for both groups of infants were significant. The mean value for the breastfeeding mothers at 24-h was significantly larger than that for the mixed-feeding mothers. In conclusion, the breastfeeding mothers contributed more to their infants achieving circadian rhythm than did the mixed-feeding mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoko Nishihara
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan; The Institute for Science of Labour, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shigeko Horiuchi
- Department of Nursing, Maternal Infant Nursing and Midwifery, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Eto
- Nagasaki University, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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5
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Casey T, Sun H, Suarez-Trujillo A, Crodian J, Zhang L, Plaut K, Burgess HJ, Dowden S, Haas DM, Ahmed A. Pregnancy rest-activity patterns are related to salivary cortisol rhythms and maternal-fetal health indicators in women from a disadvantaged population. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229567. [PMID: 32126104 PMCID: PMC7053712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Irregular rest-activity patterns can disrupt metabolic and hormonal physiology and potentially lead to disease. Little is known regarding rest-activity patterns during gestation and their association with hormonal rhythms and health in pregnant women. We conducted a pilot study to determine if 24 h rest-activity was related to saliva cortisol rhythms and maternal-fetal health in an economically disadvantaged population. Primiparous women wore a wrist actigraphy device for a week to record activity during gestational weeks 22 (G22; n = 50) and 32 (G32; n = 46) and postpartum week one (PPW1; n = 39). Participants collected saliva samples every 4 hr over a 24 hr period during G22 (n = 22), G32 (n = 20) and 24–48 hr postnatal (n = 20), and cortisol concentrations were measured with ELISA. Circadian rhythmicity was assessed using autocorrelation coefficient (r24) and cosinor analysis. Blood glucose levels, body mass index (BMI), gestational disease data, and gestational age of infant at birth were abstracted from medical charts. Time of cortisol peak (acrophase) during G22 was related with acrophase of activity (r = 0.66; p = 0.001) and blood glucose levels (r = 0.58; p = 0.006). During G22, minutes of wake after sleep onset was positively related to cortisol mesor and AUC (p <0.05). Rest-activity r24, R2, and mesor during G32 were positively (p<0.05) associated with gestational age of infant at birth. Across all three time points r24 of activity was related with cortisol amplitude (r = 0.33; p = 0.01). Findings support a relationship between rest-activity patterns and saliva cortisol rhythms during pregnancy. The association of less robust activity rhythms with earlier gestational age of infant at birth indicates a potential link between circadian system disruption and maternal-fetal health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Casey
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Aridany Suarez-Trujillo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Crodian
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Lingsong Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Karen Plaut
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Helen J. Burgess
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Shelley Dowden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - David M. Haas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Azza Ahmed
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
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6
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Lyu J, Ye X, Chen Y, Xia Y, Zhu J, Tong S, Yin Y, Qu J, Li S. Children's Sleep May Depend on Maternal Sleep Duration During Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:197-207. [PMID: 32210651 PMCID: PMC7071877 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s239001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies suggested that maternal sleep during pregnancy was associated with sleep pattern in offspring; however, it has not been clear in human populations. AIM Our study discusses the relationships of maternal sleep duration with sleep characteristics in their offspring through an epidemiological study. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study including 6236 mother-child dyads was conducted in 31 preschools in May 2019, in Shanghai, China. Information regarding maternal sleep duration in three trimesters of pregnancy was collected retrospectively. Children's current sleep characteristics were evaluated through the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Linear regressions and logistic regression models were applied to estimate β and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Maternal sleep duration was positively associated with childhood sleep duration, which was shown in the first (β=0.113), second (β=0.131), and third trimesters (β=0.088). Meanwhile, insufficient maternal sleep duration could increase the risk of children's short sleep duration (first trimester: AOR=1.25; second trimester: AOR=1.33; third trimester: AOR=1.33). Maternal sleep duration was also associated with childhood CSHQ score: β=-0.308, -0.392, and -0.300 for the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. Similarly, insufficient maternal sleep duration could predict childhood sleep disturbance as AOR=1.28 in the second trimester and AOR=1.26 in the third trimester. CONCLUSION Our findings established a relationship between maternal sleep during pregnancy and their children's sleep pattern through a population-based epidemiology study. Poor childhood sleep was found when their mother experienced less sleep duration during pregnancy, especially in the second and third trimesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Lyu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxia Ye
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanqing Xia
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhen Zhu
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilu Tong
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yong Yin
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajie Qu
- Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghui Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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7
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Gallaher KGH, Slyepchenko A, Frey BN, Urstad K, Dørheim SK. The Role of Circadian Rhythms in Postpartum Sleep and Mood. Sleep Med Clin 2018; 13:359-374. [PMID: 30098753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Women often experience sleep disturbances and worsening sleep quality throughout pregnancy and postpartum. Circadian rhythms are closely linked to sleep problems and mood disorders. This systematic review provides a summary of studies of circadian rhythms and associated sleep problems and maternal distress, among postpartum women. Articles were idenitfied through a systematic literature search. Circadian rhythm disturbances were strongly correlated with depression, social factors and mothers`s exposure to light postpartum. Future research should include larger, prospective studies as well as randomized controlled trials for measuring effect of circadian rhythm interventions on postpartum mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anastasiya Slyepchenko
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Kristin Urstad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Kitty Kjellandshus, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Signe K Dørheim
- Department of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Gerd Ragna Bloch Thorsens Gate 8, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
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8
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Tsuchiya M, Mori E, Sakajo A, Iwata H, Maehara K, Tamakoshi K. Cross-sectional and longitudinal validation of a 13-item fatigue scale among Japanese postpartum mothers. Int J Nurs Pract 2017; 22 Suppl 1:5-13. [PMID: 27184697 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the psychometric properties of a 13-item fatigue scale for postpartum mothers. Japanese mothers (n = 2026) from a cohort study completed questionnaires (e.g. fatigue scale, Japanese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, demographics) during their hospital stay after childbirth (baseline) and at 1, 2, 4 and 6 months postpartum. Initial factor analysis of baseline data revealed that the fatigue scale had three factors or subscales (physical, emotional and cognitive). Within-group analysis across each measurement time revealed the same three-factor structure with acceptable fit. Between-group analysis also showed longitudinal factorial invariance across time. The fatigue subscales had acceptable divergent and convergent validities with the depression scale. The subscale scores differed significantly based on participant background. The Japanese Fatigue Scale is a concise and informative tool for assessing aspects of fatigue in clinical settings and in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyako Tsuchiya
- Division of Cancer Survivorship Research, National Cancer Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Mori
- Graduate School of Nursing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akiko Sakajo
- Graduate School of Nursing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iwata
- Graduate School of Nursing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kunie Maehara
- Graduate School of Nursing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Tamakoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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9
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Bueno C, Menna-Barreto L. Environmental factors influencing biological rhythms in newborns: From neonatal intensive care units to home. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 9:295-300. [PMID: 28154744 PMCID: PMC5279954 DOI: 10.1016/j.slsci.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Photic and non-photic environmental factors are suggested to modulate the development of circadian rhythms in infants. Our aim is to evaluate the development of biological rhythms (circadian or ultradian) in newborns in transition from Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) to home and along the first 6 months of life, to identify masking and entraining environment factors along development. Ten newborns were evaluated in their last week inside the NICU and in the first week after being delivered home; 6 babies were also followed until 6 months of corrected age. Activity, recorded with actimeters, wrist temperature and observed sleep and feeding behavior were recorded continuously along their last week inside the NICU and in the first week at home and also until 6 months of corrected age for the subjects who remained in the study. Sleep/wake and activity/rest cycle showed ultradian patterns and the sleep/wake was strongly influenced by the 3 h feeding schedule inside the NICU, while wrist temperature showed a circadian pattern that seemed no to be affected by environmental cycles. A circadian rhythm emerges for sleep/wake behavior in the first week at home, whereas the 3 h period vanishes. Both activity/rest and wrist temperature presented a sudden increase in the contribution of the circadian component immediately after babies were delivered home, also suggesting a masking effect of the NICU environment. We found a positive correlation of postconceptional age and the increase in the daily component of activity and temperature along the following 6 months, while feeding behavior became arrhythmic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Bueno
- Departmento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1524, Butantã, Cep:05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Present address: Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255. Cerqueira César, Cep:05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Menna-Barreto
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Béttio, 1000. Ermelino Matarazzo, Cep:03828-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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10
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Thomas KA, Burr RL, Spieker S. Maternal and infant activity: Analytic approaches for the study of circadian rhythm. Infant Behav Dev 2015; 41:80-7. [PMID: 26360916 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The study of infant and mother circadian rhythm entails choice of instruments appropriate for use in the home environment as well as selection of analytic approach that characterizes circadian rhythm. While actigraphy monitoring suits the needs of home study, limited studies have examined mother and infant rhythm derived from actigraphy. Among this existing research a variety of analyses have been employed to characterize 24-h rhythm, reducing ability to evaluate and synthesize findings. Few studies have examined the correspondence of mother and infant circadian parameters for the most frequently cited approaches: cosinor, non-parametric circadian rhythm analysis (NPCRA), and autocorrelation function (ACF). The purpose of this research was to examine analytic approaches in the study of mother and infant circadian activity rhythm. Forty-three healthy mother and infant pairs were studied in the home environment over a 72h period at infant age 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Activity was recorded continuously using actigraphy monitors and mothers completed a diary. Parameters of circadian rhythm were generated from cosinor analysis, NPCRA, and ACF. The correlation among measures of rhythm center (cosinor mesor, NPCRA mid level), strength or fit of 24-h period (cosinor magnitude and R(2), NPCRA amplitude and relative amplitude (RA)), phase (cosinor acrophase, NPCRA M10 and L5 midpoint), and rhythm stability and variability (NPCRA interdaily stability (IS) and intradaily variability (IV), ACF) was assessed, and additionally the effect size (eta(2)) for change over time evaluated. Results suggest that cosinor analysis, NPCRA, and autocorrelation provide several comparable parameters of infant and maternal circadian rhythm center, fit, and phase. IS and IV were strongly correlated with the 24-h cycle fit. The circadian parameters analyzed offer separate insight into rhythm and differing effect size for the detection of change over time. Findings inform selection of analysis and circadian parameters in the study of maternal and infant activity rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Thomas
- Department of Family and Child Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7262, United States.
| | - Robert L Burr
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7266, United States
| | - Susan Spieker
- Barnard Center for Infant Mental Health & Development, Department of Family and Child Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7262, United States
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11
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Thomas KA, Burr RL, Spieker S, Lee J, Chen J. Mother-infant circadian rhythm: development of individual patterns and dyadic synchrony. Early Hum Dev 2014; 90:885-90. [PMID: 25463836 PMCID: PMC4312214 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutual circadian rhythm is an early and essential component in the development of maternal-infant physiological synchrony. AIMS The aim of this to examine the longitudinal pattern of maternal-infant circadian rhythm and rhythm synchrony as measured by rhythm parameters. STUDY DESIGN In-home dyadic actigraphy monitoring at infant age 4, 8, and 12 weeks. SUBJECTS Forty-three healthy mother-infant pairs. OUTCOME MEASURES Circadian parameters derived from cosinor and non-parametric analysis including mesor, magnitude, acrophase, L5 and M10 midpoints (midpoint of lowest 5 and highest 10h of activity), amplitude, interdaily stability (IS), and intradaily variability (IV). RESULTS Mothers experienced early disruption of circadian rhythm, with re-establishment of rhythm over time. Significant time effects were noted in increasing maternal magnitude, amplitude, and IS and decreasing IV (p<.001). Infants demonstrated a developmental trajectory of circadian pattern with significant time effects for increasing mesor, magnitude, amplitude, L5, IS, and IV (p<.001). By 12 weeks, infant phase advancement was evidenced by mean acrophase and M10 midpoint occurring 60 and 43 min (respectively) earlier than at 4 weeks. While maternal acrophase remained consistent over time, infants became increasingly phase advanced relative to mother and mean infant acrophase at 12 weeks occurred 60 min before mother. Mother-infant synchrony was evidenced in increasing correspondence of acrophase at 12 weeks (r=0.704), L5 (r=0.453) and M10 (r=0.479) midpoints. CONCLUSIONS Development of mother-infant synchrony reflects shared elements of circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Thomas
- Department of Family and Child Nursing University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195-7262
| | - Robert L. Burr
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195-7266
| | - Susan Spieker
- Barnard Center for Infant Mental Health & Development Department of Family and Child Nursing University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195-7262
| | - Jungeun Lee
- Department of Family and Child Nursing University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195-7262
| | - Jessica Chen
- Department of Psychology University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195-1525
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12
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Longitudinal change in sleep and daytime sleepiness in postpartum women. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103513. [PMID: 25078950 PMCID: PMC4117520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disruption strongly influences daytime functioning; resultant sleepiness is recognised as a contributing risk-factor for individuals performing critical and dangerous tasks. While the relationship between sleep and sleepiness has been heavily investigated in the vulnerable sub-populations of shift workers and patients with sleep disorders, postpartum women have been comparatively overlooked. Thirty-three healthy, postpartum women recorded every episode of sleep and wake each day during postpartum weeks 6, 12 and 18. Although repeated measures analysis revealed there was no significant difference in the amount of nocturnal sleep and frequency of night-time wakings, there was a significant reduction in sleep disruption, due to fewer minutes of wake after sleep onset. Subjective sleepiness was measured each day using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale; at the two earlier time points this was significantly correlated with sleep quality but not to sleep quantity. Epworth Sleepiness Scores significantly reduced over time; however, during week 18 over 50% of participants were still experiencing excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Score ≥12). Results have implications for health care providers and policy makers. Health care providers designing interventions to address sleepiness in new mothers should take into account the dynamic changes to sleep and sleepiness during this initial postpartum period. Policy makers developing regulations for parental leave entitlements should take into consideration the high prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness experienced by new mothers, ensuring enough opportunity for daytime sleepiness to diminish to a manageable level prior to reengagement in the workforce.
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