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Li C, Xu J, Abdurehim A, Sun Q, Xie J, Zhang Y. TRPA1: A promising target for pulmonary fibrosis? Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176088. [PMID: 37777106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease characterized by progressive scar formation and the ultimate manifestation of numerous lung diseases. It is known as "cancer that is not cancer" and has attracted widespread attention. However, its formation process is very complex, and the mechanism of occurrence has not been fully elucidated. Current research has found that TRPA1 may be a promising target in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. The TRPA1 channel was first successfully isolated in human lung fibroblasts, and it was found to have a relatively concentrated distribution in the lungs and respiratory tract. It is also involved in various acute and chronic inflammatory processes of lung diseases and may even play a core role in the progression and/or prevention of pulmonary fibrosis. Natural ligands targeting TRPA1 could offer a promising alternative treatment for pulmonary diseases. Therefore, this review delves into the current understanding of pulmonary fibrogenesis, analyzes TRPA1 biological properties and regulation of lung disease with a focus on pulmonary fibrosis, summarizes the TRPA1 molecular structure and its biological function, and summarizes TRPA1 natural ligand sources, anti-pulmonary fibrosis activity and potential mechanisms. The aim is to decipher the exact role of TRPA1 channels in the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis and to consider their potential in the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Jiawen Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Aliya Abdurehim
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Qing Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Junbo Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- Biotechnology & Food Science College, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China.
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Asl MS, Motakef Z, Behgam N, Attaran S, Mirsadraee M. Comparison of Longevity in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Using Pirfenidone Versus Triple Therapy with Prednisolone, Azathioprine, and Acetylcysteine. TANAFFOS 2023; 22:129-135. [PMID: 37920315 PMCID: PMC10618587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Background The effect of the combination of prednisolone, azathioprine, and acetylcysteine for the treatment of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is minimal. We aimed to investigate the effect of these drugs in case of intolerance to new anti-fibrotic drugs. Materials and Methods This historical prospective study was performed on 91 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who were referred to a pulmonologist in Mashhad during 2016-2020. Patients were divided into two groups, Pirfenidone which was prescribed for 46 subjects, and a combination of prednisolone, azathioprine, and acetylcysteine which was prescribed for 45 subjects. Patients were selected by convenience sampling and a life expectancy comparison between the two groups was performed by Cox regression. Results There were no statistically significant differences between age, gender, and drug type in the two groups at the beginning of treatment. The death rate per year in the triple-drug treatment group was 44.44% (n = 20) and in the Pirfenidone treatment group was 11.08% (n=2). Of the 65 recovered population, 49% (22 patients) were in the triple-drug treatment group, and 78% (36 patients) were in the Pirfenidone treatment group which indicated that Pirfenidone has a significant impact on reducing death rate compared to triple-drug treatment (pvalue=0.003 <0.05). Pirfenidone decreased the risk of death, compared to triple therapy (0.23 when death was set up as one in the triple-therapy group). Conclusion Pirfenidone has a favorable effect on increasing life expectancy and triple therapy should be considered as short-term only in subjects intolerant to anti-fibrotic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Motakef
- Student Research Committee, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nazgol Behgam
- Student Research Committee, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Majid Mirsadraee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Yao Y, Chen Y, Zeren D, Ma Y, Xie Y, Wang Q, Ma H, Wang M, Liu F, Zhu C, Lin C. Diterpenoid alkaloids isolated from Delphinium trichophorum alleviate pulmonary fibrosis via the TGF-β/Smad pathway in 3T6 and HFL-1 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Du W, Tang Z, Yang F, Liu X, Dong J. Icariin attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by targeting Hippo/YAP pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112152. [PMID: 34536758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a manifestation of the progression of interstitial pulmonary disease. Icariin (ICA) has been found to exhibit protective effects on multiple chronic diseases like diabetes, liver, heart, and renal fibrosis. Here, a systemic pharmacological study was designed to investigate whether ICA treatment alleviates bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The rat pulmonary fibrosis model was constructed by non-invasive endotracheal intubation instillation of BLM to observe the intervention effects of ICA on pulmonary fibrosis in the whole process of inflammation and fibrosis. ICA reduced the collagen deposition and inflammation induced by BLM in rat. The comparative RNA-sequencing was conducted to analyze the lung gene expression profiles in rat. KEGG analysis indicated that most of the genes were enriched in Hippo pathway, NF-κB pathway, and B-cell receptor signaling pathway, etc. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the expression of YAP was significantly elevated in the model group and decreased in the ICA treatment group. Taken together, the anti-fibrotic effect of ICA appears to be mediated by its inhibitory of YAP, which is the core transcriptional regulator of Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Du
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Tang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyong Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xijun Liu
- Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Shantou, Shantou, China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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5
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PPARγ mediates the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of icaritin. Toxicol Lett 2021; 350:81-90. [PMID: 34153405 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal lung disease with limited treatment options. Icaritin is the active ingredient derived from the traditional Chinese medical plant Epimedium and possesses many biomedical activities. This study aimed to investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of icaritin on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. METHODS To assess its preventative effects, bleomycin treated mice received 0, 0.04, 0.2, and 1 mg/kg of icaritin from day 1 onwards. To assess its therapeutic effects, bleomycin treated mice received 0 and 1 mg/kg of icaritin from day 15 onwards. Mice were sacrificed on day 21 and lung tissues were collected, stained with HE, Masson and immunohistochemistry. Q-PCR was used to measure Collagen I and Collagen III expression, western blotting was used to quantify α-SMA, Collagen I expression. Hydroxyproline content was measured using a biochemical method. NIH3T3 and HLF-1 cells were treated with TGF-β1with or without icaritin, and α-SMA, Collagen I were tested. PPARγ antagonist GW9662 and PPARγ-targeted siRNA were used to investigate the mechanism of icaritin in inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation. RESULTS Both preventative and therapeutic administration of icaritin improved the histopathological changes, decreased Collagen and α-SMA, lowered hydroxyproline content in bleomycin-treated lung tissues. Icaritin decreased α-SMA and Collagen I expression in TGF-β1-stimulated NIH3T3 and HLF-1 cells. However, its effect in reducing α-SMA and Collagen I expression was suppressed when expression or activity of PPARγ was inhibited. CONCLUSIONS Icaritin has therapeutic potential against pulmonary fibrosis via the inhibition of myofibroblast differentiation, which may be mediated by PPARγ.
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6
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Ianni A, Hofmann M, Kumari P, Tarighi S, Al-Tamari HM, Görgens A, Giebel B, Nolte H, Krüger M, Salwig I, Pullamsetti SS, Günther A, Schneider A, Braun T. Depletion of Numb and Numblike in Murine Lung Epithelial Cells Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis by Inhibiting the β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639162. [PMID: 34124033 PMCID: PMC8187792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents the most aggressive form of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and is a highly debilitating disorder with a poorly understood etiology. The lung epithelium seems to play a critical role in the initiation and progression of the disease. A repeated injury of lung epithelial cells prompts type II alveolar cells to secrete pro-fibrotic cytokines, which induces differentiation of resident mesenchymal stem cells into myofibroblasts, thus promoting aberrant deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and formation of fibrotic lesions. Reactivation of developmental pathways such as the Wnt-β-catenin signaling cascade in lung epithelial cells plays a critical role in this process, but the underlying mechanisms are still enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that the membrane-associated protein NUMB is required for pathological activation of β-catenin signaling in lung epithelial cells following bleomycin-induced injury. Importantly, depletion of Numb and Numblike reduces accumulation of fibrotic lesions, preserves lung functions, and increases survival rates after bleomycin treatment of mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that NUMB interacts with casein kinase 2 (CK2) and relies on CK2 to activate β-catenin signaling. We propose that pharmacological inhibition of NUMB signaling may represent an effective strategy for the development of novel therapeutic approaches against PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ianni
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michael Hofmann
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Poonam Kumari
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Shahriar Tarighi
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hamza M Al-Tamari
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD)-Cluster of Excellence, Köln, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD)-Cluster of Excellence, Köln, Germany
| | - Isabelle Salwig
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - André Schneider
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
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7
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Luo X, Deng Q, Xue Y, Zhang T, Wu Z, Peng H, Xuan L, Pan G. Anti-Fibrosis Effects of Magnesium Lithospermate B in Experimental Pulmonary Fibrosis: By Inhibiting TGF-βRI/Smad Signaling. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061715. [PMID: 33808650 PMCID: PMC8003516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a severe and irreversible interstitial pulmonary disease with high mortality and few treatments. Magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) is a hydrosoluble component of Salvia miltiorrhiza and has been reported to have antifibrotic effects in other forms of tissue fibrosis. In this research, we studied the effects of MLB on pulmonary fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms. Our results indicated that MLB treatment (50 mg/kg) for seven days could attenuate bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis by reducing the alveolar structure disruption and collagen deposition in the C57 mouse model. MLB was also found to inhibit transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-stimulated myofibroblastic transdifferentiation of human lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) cells and collagen production by human type II alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) cells, mainly by decreasing the expression of TGF-β receptor I (TGF-βRI) and regulating the TGF-β/Smad pathway. Further studies confirmed that the molecular mechanisms of MLB in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice were similar to those observed in vitro. In summary, our results demonstrated that MLB could alleviate experimental pulmonary fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that MLB has great potential for pulmonary fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiangqiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
| | - Yaru Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhitao Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210033, China;
| | - Huige Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
| | - Lijiang Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (G.P.)
| | - Guoyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (G.P.)
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8
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Shen YH, Cheng MH, Liu XY, Zhu DW, Gao J. Sodium Houttuyfonate Inhibits Bleomycin Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:596492. [PMID: 33716736 PMCID: PMC7947865 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.596492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) could severely disrupt the normal lung architecture and function with fatal consequences. Currently, there is no effective treatment for PF or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Sodium Houttuyfonate (SH) on bleomycin (BLM) induced PF mice model. Our results indicated that SH could attenuate BLM induced lung injury by reducing the inflammation, fibrogenesis and lung/body weight ratio. The proposed mechanisms for the protective effects of SH include: 1) improvement of pulmonary function in BLM mice, for instance, it can elevate the vital capacity (VC), increase the forced expiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity (FEF50) and improve other pulmonary function indices; 2) inhibition of collagen formation in BLM mice; 3) attenuation of the elevation of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which are triggered by BLM administration; 4) reduction of the mRNA level and protein production of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in BLM mice. Furthermore, it was found that the protective effects of SH against BLM induced PF in mice was comparable to that of prednisone acetate (PA) tablets, a widely used drug for immunological diseases. Although Houttuynia Cordata Thunb has been widely used in China for lung infection and inflammation, the mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. Our study provides the evidence that SH is an effective compound against pulmonary injury, irritation and fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hui Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Han Cheng
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin-Yu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Wei Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Gao
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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9
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Zhang X, Zou Y, Liu Y, Cao Y, Zhu J, Zhang J, Chen X, Zhang R, Li J. Inhibition of PIM1 kinase attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by modulating the ZEB1/E-cadherin pathway in alveolar epithelial cells. Mol Immunol 2020; 125:15-22. [PMID: 32619930 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PIM1 is serine/threonine protein kinase that is involved in numerous biological processes. Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic pathological result of the dysfunctional repair of lung injury without effective therapeutic treatments. In the current study, we investigated whether PIM1 inhibition would improve bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In a BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis model, PIM1 was persistently upregulated in fibrotic lung tissues. Furthermore, PIM1 inhibition by the PIM1-specific inhibitor SMI-4a showed protective effects against BLM-induced mortality. Furthermore, SMI-4a suppressed hydroxyproline deposition and reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) formation, which was characterized by E-cadherin and α-SMA expression in vivo. More importantly, the ZEB1/E-cadherin pathway was found to be closely associated with BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis. After the in vitro treatment of A549 cells, PIM1 regulated E-cadherin expression by dependently modulating the activity of the transcription factor ZEB1. These findings were verified in vivo after SMI-4a administration. Finally, an shPIM1-expressing adeno-associated virus was delivered via intratracheal injection to induce a long-term PIM1 deficiency in the alveolar epithelium. AAV-mediated PIM1 knockdown in the lung tissues alleviated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, as indicated by collagen accumulation reduction, pulmonary histopathological mitigation and EMT reversion. These findings enhance our understanding of the roles of PIM1 in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and suggest PIM1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy in chronic pulmonary injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumeng Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Jinbao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Worthington EN, Hagood JS. Therapeutic Use of Extracellular Vesicles for Acute and Chronic Lung Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072318. [PMID: 32230828 PMCID: PMC7177288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess regenerative properties and have been shown to improve outcomes and survival in acute and chronic lung diseases, but there have been some safety concerns raised related to MSC-based therapy. Subsequent studies have demonstrated that many of the regenerative effects of MSCs can be attributed to the MSC-derived secretome, which contains soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs). MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-derived EVs) replicate many of the beneficial effects of MSCs and contain a variety of bioactive factors that are transferred to recipient cells, mediating downstream signaling. MSC-derived EV therapy holds promise as a safe and effective treatment for pulmonary disease, but there remain many scientific and clinical questions that will need to be addressed before EVs are widely applied as a therapy. To date, the use of MSC-derived EVs as a treatment for lung disease has been conducted primarily in in vitro or pre-clinical animal models. In this review, we will discuss the current published research investigating the use of EVs as a potential therapeutic for acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), asthma, and silicosis.
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11
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Nagilactone D ameliorates experimental pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo via modulating TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 389:114882. [PMID: 31953203 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a prototypic chronic progressive lung disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Novel effective therapeutic agents are urgently needed owing to the limited treatment options in clinic. Herein, nagilactone D (NLD), a natural dinorditerpenoid obtained from Podocarpus nagi, was found to suppress transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-mediated fibrotic process in vitro and bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. NLD attenuated TGF-β1-induced expression of fibrotic markers including type I and III collagen, fibronectin, α-SMA, and CTGF in human pulmonary fibroblasts (WI-38 VA-13 and HLF-1 cells). Mechanism study indicated that NLD suppressed TGF-β1-induced up-regulation of TβR I, and Smad2 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and transcriptional activation. Moreover, NLD ameliorated BLM-induced histopathological abnormalities in the lungs of experimental fibrotic mice, suppressed synthesis of relative fibrotic markers and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, as well as BLM-induced up-regulation of TβR I expression and Smad signaling in mouse lungs. These data collectively support NLD to be a potential therapeutic agent for pulmonary fibrosis.
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12
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Qin H, Wen HT, Gu KJ, Hu XD, Yang T, Yan XF, Ye TJ, Huo JL, Hu J. Total extract of Xin Jia Xuan Bai Cheng Qi decoction inhibits pulmonary fibrosis via the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways in vivo and in vitro. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:2873-2886. [PMID: 31695321 PMCID: PMC6707443 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s185418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a common clinical disease, which results in serious respiratory impairment. Xin Jia Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Decoction (XJXBCQ) is a traditional prescription commonly used in treating lung diseases. We investigate the effect of XJXBCQ against PF and its mechanism via the regulation of TGF-β1/Smad in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods XJXBCQ was first extracted and probed for chemical characterization. An PF model in vitro and in vivo was established in rats and in MRC-5 cells. In bleomycin (BLM)-induced rats model, lung function such as peak expiratory flow (PEF), minute ventilation (MV) and hydroxyproline (HYP) were measured; histopathological changes of lung tissue and TGF-β1 in peripheral blood of rats were detected. TGF-β receptor, Smad2 and its phosphorylation expression were tested by Western blot assay in rats model. Then the effects of XJXBCQ on TGF-β1/Smad signal pathway were assessed by Western blot analysis in vitro, and IL-17A and IL-25 levels were evaluated by ELISA in vivo. Results Our results showed that XJXBCQ significantly enhanced the lung functions, such as PEF, MV and HYP, by reducing the expression level of lung inflammatory cytokine and the content and fibrosis of lung collagen. Moreover, XJXBCQ effectively inhibited TGF-β1, Smad2 and its phosphorylation expression, and the activation of Smad7 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, XJXBCQ had an inhibitory effect on the α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin (Fn) in vitro and downregulated IL-17A and IL-25 by inhibiting the activation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Further, XJXBCQ effectively inhibitied ventilation volume and peak expiratory content remodeling and hydroxyproline content through inhibition of TGF-βRⅡ, Smad2 and its phosphorylation expression, and activation of Smad7 in vivo. Conclusion XJXBCQ extract had an anti-PF effect in vitro and in vivo, which could be attributed to the inhibition of the expression of p-Smad2 and increase in the expression of Smad7 by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qin
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.,Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Tian Wen
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.,Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Juan Gu
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dong Hu
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yan
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Jie Ye
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Lin Huo
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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13
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Fu Y, Zhao P, Xie Z, Wang L, Chen S. Oridonin Inhibits Myofibroblast Differentiation and Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Regulating Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ)/Smad Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7548-7555. [PMID: 30347408 PMCID: PMC6208186 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease with unknow. etiology and a high mortality rate. Oridonin is a diterpenoid isolated from the Rabdosia rubesecens with diverse biological functions. However, whether oridonin possess potential protective activity on IPF is still unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS The aim of the present study was to explore the therapeutic effects of oridonin on IPF. First, TGF-β1-induced MRC-5 cells were employed for the evaluation of inhibitory activity in vitro. Then, a bleomycin (BLM)-induced mice pulmonary fibrosis model was used to verify the activity of oridonin in vivo. Several pathological changes, including alveolar space collapse, emphysema, and infiltration of inflammatory cells, were observed in the BLM‑treated mice. RESULTS Oridonin could significantly inhibit the mRNA and protein expression levels of α-SMA and COL1A1 in TGF-β1-induced MRC-5 cells. Oridonin could attenuate pathological changes, including alveolar space collapse, emphysema, and infiltration of inflammatory cells induced by BLM. In addition, oridonin could significantly inhibit BLM-induced upregulation of α-SMA and COL1A1 and the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in lung tissues of mice. CONCLUSIONS Oridonin could be used as a potential therapeutic agent in treatment for patients with IPF. The mechanisms of anti-fibrosis effect of oridonin might be inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Zhishen Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Suiqing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
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14
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Cao H, Wang C, Chen X, Hou J, Xiang Z, Shen Y, Han X. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling suppresses myofibroblast differentiation of lung resident mesenchymal stem cells and pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 30206265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28968-9.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging paradigm proposes a crucial role for lung resident mesenchymal stem cells (LR-MSCs) via a fibroblastic transdifferentiation event in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling occurs in virtually all fibrotic lung diseases and is relevant to the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In vitro, by measuring the protein levels of several key components involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling, we confirmed that this signaling pathway was activated in the myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs. Targeted inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by a small molecule, ICG-001, dose-dependently impeded the proliferation and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-mediated fibrogenic actions of LR-MSCs. In vivo, ICG-001 exerted its lung protective effects after bleomycin treatment through blocking mesenchymal-myofibroblast transition, repressing matrix gene expression, and reducing cell apoptosis. Moreover, delayed administration of ICG-001 attenuated bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, which may present a promising therapeutic strategy for intervention of IPF. Interestingly, these antifibrotic actions of ICG-001 are operated by a mechanism independent of any disruption of Smad activation. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling may be an essential mechanism underlying the regulation of myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs and their further participation in the development of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Cao
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of New Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jiwei Hou
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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15
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Cao H, Wang C, Chen X, Hou J, Xiang Z, Shen Y, Han X. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling suppresses myofibroblast differentiation of lung resident mesenchymal stem cells and pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13644. [PMID: 30206265 PMCID: PMC6134002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28968-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging paradigm proposes a crucial role for lung resident mesenchymal stem cells (LR-MSCs) via a fibroblastic transdifferentiation event in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling occurs in virtually all fibrotic lung diseases and is relevant to the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In vitro, by measuring the protein levels of several key components involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling, we confirmed that this signaling pathway was activated in the myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs. Targeted inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by a small molecule, ICG-001, dose-dependently impeded the proliferation and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-mediated fibrogenic actions of LR-MSCs. In vivo, ICG-001 exerted its lung protective effects after bleomycin treatment through blocking mesenchymal-myofibroblast transition, repressing matrix gene expression, and reducing cell apoptosis. Moreover, delayed administration of ICG-001 attenuated bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, which may present a promising therapeutic strategy for intervention of IPF. Interestingly, these antifibrotic actions of ICG-001 are operated by a mechanism independent of any disruption of Smad activation. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling may be an essential mechanism underlying the regulation of myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs and their further participation in the development of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Cao
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of New Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jiwei Hou
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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16
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Florez-Sampedro L, Song S, Melgert BN. The diversity of myeloid immune cells shaping wound repair and fibrosis in the lung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 5:3-25. [PMID: 29721324 PMCID: PMC5911451 DOI: 10.1002/reg2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In healthy circumstances the immune system coordinates tissue repair responses in a tight balance that entails efficient inflammation for removal of potential threats, proper wound closure, and regeneration to regain tissue function. Pathological conditions, continuous exposure to noxious agents, and even ageing can dysregulate immune responses after injury. This dysregulation can lead to a chronic repair mechanism known as fibrosis. Alterations in wound healing can occur in many organs, but our focus lies with the lung as it requires highly regulated immune and repair responses with its continuous exposure to airborne threats. Dysregulated repair responses can lead to pulmonary fibrosis but the exact reason for its development is often not known. Here, we review the diversity of innate immune cells of myeloid origin that are involved in tissue repair and we illustrate how these cell types can contribute to the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, we briefly discuss the effect of age on innate immune responses and therefore on wound healing and we conclude with the implications of current knowledge on the avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Florez-Sampedro
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Shanshan Song
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Barbro N Melgert
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD University of Groningen Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen The Netherlands
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17
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Behaviour of the Foramen Ovale Flow in Fetuses with Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Obstet Gynecol Int 2018; 2018:1496903. [PMID: 29581724 PMCID: PMC5822859 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1496903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Foramen ovale (FO) flow may be altered in IUGR. This study was designed to test this hypothesis. Methods Forty pregnant women (24–38 weeks) were divided into 3 groups: group I (IUGR), group II (adequate growth and maternal hypertension), and group III (normal controls). Impedance across the FO was assessed by the FO pulsatility index (FOPI): (systolic velocity − presystolic velocity)/mean velocity. Statistical analysis utilized ANOVA, Tukey test, and ROC curves. Results Mean FOPI in IUGR fetuses (n = 15) was 3.70 ± 0.99 (3.15–4.26); in the group II (n = 12), it was 2.84 ± 0.69 (2.40–3.28), and in the group III (n = 13), it was 2.77 ± 0.44 (2.50–3.04) (p=0.004). FOPI and UtA RI were correlated (r = 0.375, p=0.017), as well as FOPI and UA RI (r = 0.356, p=0.024) and, inversely, FOPI and MCA RI (r = −0.359, p=0.023). Conclusions The FO flow pulsatility index is increased in fetuses with IUGR, probably as a result of impaired left ventricular diastolic function.
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18
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Yamazaki R, Kasuya Y, Fujita T, Umezawa H, Yanagihara M, Nakamura H, Yoshino I, Tatsumi K, Murayama T. Antifibrotic effects of cyclosporine A on TGF‐β1–treated lung fibroblasts and lungs from bleomycin‐treated mice: role of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α. FASEB J 2017; 31:3359-3371. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601357r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Risa Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Chemical PharmacologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Kasuya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyChiba University Chiba Japan
- Department of Biomedical ScienceChiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Tetsuo Fujita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyChiba University Chiba Japan
- Department of RespirologyChiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Hiroki Umezawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyChiba University Chiba Japan
- Department of Biomedical ScienceChiba University Chiba Japan
- Department of RespirologyChiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Madoka Yanagihara
- Laboratory of Chemical PharmacologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Chemical PharmacologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Ichiro Yoshino
- Department of General Thoracic SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineChiba University Chiba Japan
| | | | - Toshihiko Murayama
- Laboratory of Chemical PharmacologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba University Chiba Japan
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19
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Cross J, Stenton GR, Harwig C, Szabo C, Genovese T, Di Paola R, Esposito E, Cuzzocrea S, Mackenzie LF. AQX-1125, small molecule SHIP1 activator inhibits bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3045-3057. [PMID: 28658529 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The phosphatase SHIP1 negatively regulates the PI3K pathway, and its predominant expression within cells of the haematopoietic compartment makes SHIP1 activation a novel strategy to limit inflammatory signalling generated through PI3K. AQX-1125 is the only clinical-stage, orally administered, SHIP1 activator. Here, we demonstrate the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of AQX-1125, in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH For prophylactic evaluation, AQX-1125 (3, 10 or 30 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 , p.o.) or dexamethasone (1 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 , i.p.) were given to CD-1 mice starting 3 days before intratracheal administration of bleomycin (0.1 IU per mouse) and continued daily for 7 or 21 days. Therapeutic potentials of AQX-1125 (3, 10 or 30 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 , p.o.) or pirfenidone (90 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 , p.o.) were assessed by initiating treatment 13 days after bleomycin instillation and continuing until day 28. KEY RESULTS Given prophylactically, AQX-1125 (10 and 30 mg·kg-1 ) reduced histopathological changes in lungs, 7 and 21 days following bleomycin-induced injury. At the same doses, AQX-1125 reduced the number of total leukocytes, neutrophil activity, TGF-β immunoreactivity and soluble collagen in lungs. Administered therapeutically, AQX-1125 (10 and 30 mg·kg-1 ) improved lung histopathology, cellular infiltration and reduced lung collagen content. At 30 mg·kg-1 , the effects of AQX-1125 were similar to those of pirfenidone (90 mg·kg-1 ) with corresponding improvements in disease severity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS AQX-1125 prevented bleomycin-induced lung injury during the inflammatory and fibrotic phases. AQX-1125, given therapeutically, modified disease progression and improved survival, as effectively as pirfenidone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cross
- Aquinox Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Grant R Stenton
- Aquinox Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Curtis Harwig
- Aquinox Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Aquinox Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuale Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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20
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Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic assessment of pulmonary rehabilitation mixture for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3458. [PMID: 28615638 PMCID: PMC5471221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary rehabilitation mixture (PRM), a Chinese herbal medicine formula, has been used to treat pulmonary fibrosis for decades. In this study, we systematically evaluated the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic performance of PRM. The pharmacodynamic results showed that PRM could improve the condition of CoCl2-stimulated human type II alveolar epithelial cells, human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, human lung fibroblasts and pulmonary fibrosis rats induced by bleomycin, PRM treatment reduced the expression of platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, toll-like receptor 4, high-mobility group box protein 1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. In the pharmacokinetic study, an accurate and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of calycosin, calycosin-7-O-glucoside, formononetin, ononin and mangiferin of PRM in the rat plasma for the first time. The method was then successfully applied to the comparative pharmacokinetic study of PRM in normal and pulmonary fibrosis rats. The five constituents could be absorbed in the blood after the oral administration of PRM and exhibited different pharmacokinetic behaviors in normal and pulmonary fibrosis rats. In summary, PRM exhibited a satisfactory pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic performance, which highlights PRM as a potential multi-target oral drug for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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21
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Huang X, Wang W, Yuan H, Sun J, Li L, Wu X, Luo J, Gu Y. Sunitinib, a Small-Molecule Kinase Inhibitor, Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2017; 239:251-61. [PMID: 27439438 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.239.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and ultimately fatal disease, characterized by excessive accumulation of fibroblasts, extensive deposition of extracellular matrix, and destruction of alveolar architecture. IPF is associated with an epithelial-dependent fibroblast-activated process, termed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, there is still a lack of strategies to target EMT for the treatment of IPF. Sunitinib, a small-molecule multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, targets multiple kinases that may play an important role in developing pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we explored the therapeutic potential of sunitinib using a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. Mice received intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (BLM). Then, the mice were intragastrically administrated with sunitinib or normal saline until the end of the experiment. Distinguished destruction of pulmonary architecture, conspicuous proliferation of fibroblasts and extensive deposition of collagen fibers were found in BLM mice. Sunitinib attenuated the pulmonary fibrosis and inhibited the accumulation of fibroblasts in the lung of BLM mice. To investigate if the inhibition of fibroblast accumulation in the lung by sunitinib was associated with EMT, we used human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEs) and W138 human lung fibroblasts. Sunitinib suppressed the degree of EMT induced by TGF-β, a profibrotic factor, in HBEs and the proliferation of WI38 fibroblasts. Moreover, sunitinib reduced the degree of phosphorylation of serine residues on Smad2/3 that was induced by TGF-β in HBEs. As EMT and accumulation of fibroblasts are critical for the development of pulmonary fibrosis, targeting multiple pro-fibrosis signaling pathways with sunitinib may be a novel strategy to treat pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
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22
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Liu YM, Nepali K, Liou JP. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Current Status, Recent Progress, and Emerging Targets. J Med Chem 2016; 60:527-553. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min Liu
- School of Pharmacy, College
of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College
of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College
of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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23
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Srour N, Thébaud B. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Animal Bleomycin Pulmonary Fibrosis Models: A Systematic Review. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1500-10. [PMID: 26494779 PMCID: PMC4675510 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an inexorably progressive lung disease with few available treatments. New therapeutic options are needed. Stem cells have generated much enthusiasm for the treatment of several conditions, including lung diseases. Human trials of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy for pulmonary fibrosis are under way. To shed light on the potential usefulness of MSCs for human disease, we aimed to systematically review the preclinical literature to determine if MSCs are beneficial in animal bleomycin pulmonary fibrosis models. The MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched for original studies of stem cell therapy in animal bleomycin models of pulmonary fibrosis. Studies using embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells were excluded. Seventeen studies were selected, all of which used MSCs in rodents. MSC therapy led to an improvement in bleomycin-induced lung collagen deposition in animal lungs and in the pulmonary fibrosis Ashcroft score in most studies. MSC therapy improved histopathology in almost all studies in which it was evaluated qualitatively. Furthermore, MSC therapy was found to improve 14-day survival in animals with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage total and neutrophil counts, as well as transforming growth factor-β levels, were also reduced by MSCs. MSCs are beneficial in rodent bleomycin pulmonary fibrosis models. Since most studies examined the initial inflammatory phase rather than the chronic fibrotic phase, preclinical data offer better support for human trials of MSCs in acute exacerbations of pulmonary fibrosis rather than the chronic phase of the disease. SIGNIFICANCE There has been increased interest in mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for lung diseases. A few small clinical trials are under way in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Preclinical evidence was assessed in a systematic review, as is often done for clinical studies. The existing studies offer better support for efficacy in the initial inflammatory phase rather than the fibrotic phase that human trials are targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Srour
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Hôpital Charles-LeMoyne, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Mount Sinai Hospital Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Regenerative Medicine Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Faculty of Medicine, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Deux traitements efficaces pour la fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique : une nouvelle ère commence ! Rev Med Interne 2015; 36:719-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bendstrup E, Hyldgaard C, Altraja A, Sjåheim T, Myllärniemi M, Gudmundsson G, Sköld M, Hilberg O. Organisation of diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other interstitial lung diseases in the Nordic countries. Eur Clin Respir J 2015; 2:28348. [PMID: 26557259 PMCID: PMC4629764 DOI: 10.3402/ecrj.v2.28348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Differences in the organisation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) in the Nordic countries are not well described. Diagnostic setups, treatment modalities and follow-up plans may vary due to national, cultural and epidemiological features. The aim of the present study was to describe the different organisation of diagnostics and treatment of IPF and ILD in the Nordic countries. Methods All university and regional hospitals with respiratory physicians were invited to respond to a questionnaire collecting data on the number of physicians, nurses, patients with ILD/IPF, the presence of and adherence to disease-specific national and international guidelines, diagnosis and treatment including ILD-specific palliation and rehabilitation programmes. Results Twenty-four university and 22 regional hospitals returned the questionnaire. ILD and IPF incidence varied between 1.4 and 20/100,000 and 0.4 and 10/100,000, respectively. Denmark and Estonia have official national plans for the organisation of ILD. The majority of patients are managed at the university hospitals. The regional hospitals each manage 46 (5–200) patients with ILD and 10 (0–20) patients with IPF. There are from one to four ILD centres in each country with a median of two ILD specialists employed. Specialised ILD nurses are present in nine hospitals. None of the Nordic countries have national guidelines made by health authorities. The respiratory societies in Sweden, Norway and Denmark have developed national guidelines. All hospitals except two use the ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT IPF guidelines from 2011. The limited number of ILD specialists, ILD-specialised radiologists and pathologists and the low volume of ILD centres were perceived as bottlenecks for implementation of guidelines. Twenty of the 24 university hospitals have multidisciplinary conferences (MDCs). Pulmonologists and radiologists take part in all MDCs while pathologists only participate at 17 hospitals. Prescription of pirfenidone is performed by all university hospitals except in Estonia. Triple therapy with steroid, azathioprine and N-acetylcysteine is not used. No hospitals have specific palliation programmes for patients with ILD/IPF, but 36 hospitals have the possibility of referring patients for palliative care, mostly based on existing oncology palliative care teams; seven hospitals have rehabilitation programmes for ILD. Conclusion There are obvious differences between the organisations of ILD patients in the Nordic countries. We call for national plans that consider the challenge of cultural and geographical differences and suggest the establishment of national reference centres and satellite collaborative hospitals to enable development of common guidelines for diagnostics, therapy and palliation in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bendstrup
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Hyldgaard
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alan Altraja
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Tartu, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tone Sjåheim
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marjukka Myllärniemi
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsingin University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gunnar Gudmundsson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland ; Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Magnus Sköld
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Lung Allergy Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole Hilberg
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Second harmonic generation microscopy reveals altered collagen microstructure in usual interstitial pneumonia versus healthy lung. Respir Res 2015; 16:61. [PMID: 26013144 PMCID: PMC4455323 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is not understood why some pulmonary fibroses such as cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) respond well to treatment, while others like usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) do not. Increased understanding of the structure and function of the matrix in this area is critical to improving our understanding of the biology of these diseases and developing novel therapies. The objectives herein are to provide new insights into the underlying collagen- and matrix-related biological mechanisms driving COP versus UIP. Methods Two-photon second harmonic generation (SHG) and excitation fluorescence microscopies were used to interrogate and quantify differences between intrinsic fibrillar collagen and elastin matrix signals in healthy, COP, and UIP lung. Results Collagen microstructure was different in UIP versus healthy lung, but not in COP versus healthy, as indicated by the ratio of forward-to-backward propagating SHG signal (FSHG/BSHG). This collagen microstructure as assessed by FSHG/BSHG was also different in areas with preserved alveolar architecture adjacent to UIP fibroblastic foci or honeycomb areas versus healthy lung. Fibrosis was evidenced by increased col1 and col3 content in COP and UIP versus healthy, with highest col1:col3 ratio in UIP. Evidence of elastin breakdown (i.e. reduced mature elastin fiber content), and increased collagen:mature elastin ratios, were seen in COP and UIP versus healthy. Conclusions Fibrillar collagen’s subresolution structure (i.e. “microstructure”) is altered in UIP versus COP and healthy lung, which may provide novel insights into the biological reasons why unlike COP, UIP is resistant to therapies, and demonstrates the ability of SHG microscopy to potentially distinguish treatable versus intractable pulmonary fibroses.
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