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Huang X, Yuan S, Ling Y, Cheng H, Tan S, Xu A, Lyu J. Evaluating the effect of kidney function on brain volumes and dementia risk in the UK Biobank. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 116:105157. [PMID: 37634304 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between kidney function with the risk of dementia and brain volumes. METHODS A total of 452,996 UK Biobank participants with calculated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) were included. We utilized Cox proportional hazards regression models and restricted cubic spline analyses to examine the relationships between kidney function and the risk of all-cause dementia (ACD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VD). Additionally, we explored the correlations between kidney function and brain magnetic resonance indicators among 40,380 participants. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12 years, 5,258 incident ACD cases were identified. The deterioration of kidney function was associated with an increased risk of ACD. When compared to eGFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m², the highest risk increase was evident for eGFRcre < 30 ml/min/1.73 m² (adjusted HR = 2.372, 95% CI: 1.444-3.897, P < 0.001), with eGFRcys showing greater significance (adjusted HR = 3.045, 95% CI: 2.212-4.191, P < 0.001), especially in relation to AD. Compared to the ACR level in the range of 3-30 mg/mmol, the category of > 30 mg/mmol was associated with an increased risk of ACD (adjusted HR = 1.720, 95% CI: 1.350-2.190, P < 0.001). Moreover, the decline in kidney function was associated with the total brain volume atrophy and reduction in certain subcortical areas. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that diminished kidney function, as evidenced by a drop in eGFR and aggravated proteinuria, elevates dementia risk. Associated brain structural changes further underpin this connection from a neuro-pathophysiological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shiqi Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yitong Ling
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hongtao Cheng
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shanyuan Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Anding Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Kamer AR, Craig RG, Niederman R, Fortea J, de Leon MJ. Periodontal disease as a possible cause for Alzheimer's disease. Periodontol 2000 2020; 83:242-271. [PMID: 32385876 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 47 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with dementia, 60%-80% of whom have dementia of the Alzheimer's disease type. Unfortunately, there is no cure in sight. Defining modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease may have a significant impact on its prevalence. An increasing body of evidence suggests that chronic inflammation and microbial dysbiosis are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that develops in response to response to microbial dysbiosis. Many studies have shown an association between periodontal disease and Alzheimer's disease. The intent of this paper was to review the existing literature and determine, using the Bradford Hill criteria, whether periodontal disease is causally related to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Kamer
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ronald G Craig
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial Biology, New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard Niederman
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juan Fortea
- Alzheimer Down Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain.,Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mony J de Leon
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Abstract
Importance Worldwide, 47 million people live with dementia and, by 2050, the number is expected to increase to 131 million. Observations Dementia is an acquired loss of cognition in multiple cognitive domains sufficiently severe to affect social or occupational function. In the United States, Alzheimer disease, one cause of dementia, affects 5.8 million people. Dementia is commonly associated with more than 1 neuropathology, usually Alzheimer disease with cerebrovascular pathology. Diagnosing dementia requires a history evaluating for cognitive decline and impairment in daily activities, with corroboration from a close friend or family member, in addition to a thorough mental status examination by a clinician to delineate impairments in memory, language, attention, visuospatial cognition such as spatial orientation, executive function, and mood. Brief cognitive impairment screening questionnaires can assist in initiating and organizing the cognitive assessment. However, if the assessment is inconclusive (eg, symptoms present, but normal examination findings), neuropsychological testing can help determine whether dementia is present. Physical examination may help identify the etiology of dementia. For example, focal neurologic abnormalities suggest stroke. Brain neuroimaging may demonstrate structural changes including, but not limited to, focal atrophy, infarcts, and tumor, that may not be identified on physical examination. Additional evaluation with cerebrospinal fluid assays or genetic testing may be considered in atypical dementia cases, such as age of onset younger than 65 years, rapid symptom onset, and/or impairment in multiple cognitive domains but not episodic memory. For treatment, patients may benefit from nonpharmacologic approaches, including cognitively engaging activities such as reading, physical exercise such as walking, and socialization such as family gatherings. Pharmacologic approaches can provide modest symptomatic relief. For Alzheimer disease, this includes an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor such as donepezil for mild to severe dementia, and memantine (used alone or as an add-on therapy) for moderate to severe dementia. Rivastigmine can be used to treat symptomatic Parkinson disease dementia. Conclusions and Relevance Alzheimer disease currently affects 5.8 million persons in the United States and is a common cause of dementia, which is usually accompanied by other neuropathology, often cerebrovascular disease such as brain infarcts. Causes of dementia can be diagnosed by medical history, cognitive and physical examination, laboratory testing, and brain imaging. Management should include both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic approaches, although efficacy of available treatments remains limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
- Dept of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Raj C. Shah
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
- Dept of Family Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
- Dept of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Maarouf CL, Walker JE, Sue LI, Dugger BN, Beach TG, Serrano GE. Impaired hepatic amyloid-beta degradation in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203659. [PMID: 30192871 PMCID: PMC6128628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research strongly suggests that amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregates in the brain have a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Pathological Aβ deposition is likely due to an altered balance between overproduction and elimination. Rodent studies have suggested that the liver has a major role in Aβ degradation. It is possible alterations of liver function could affect brain Aβ levels through changes in blood Aβ concentration. In this study, we hypothesized hepatic Aβ degradation to be impaired in AD subjects. To test our hypothesis, an Aβ degradation assay was developed using synthetic fluorescein-labeled Aβ40 and Aβ42 spiked into human liver homogenates. Aβ degradation rates were lower in AD-derived homogenates as compared with those from non-demented (ND) control subjects, even after accounting for such covariates as age, sex, and APOE genotype. The protein expression of potential Aβ-degrading enzymes were also examined. Neprilysin levels were not different in AD liver samples, while cathepsin D and insulin-degrading enzyme were significantly altered in AD subjects. The results support the possibility that impaired hepatic Aβ degradation could be a factor contributing to increased brain Aβ accumulation and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chera L. Maarouf
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, United States of America
| | - Jessica E. Walker
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, United States of America
| | - Lucia I. Sue
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, United States of America
| | - Brittany N. Dugger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States of America
| | - Thomas G. Beach
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, United States of America
| | - Geidy E. Serrano
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, United States of America
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Kaleka KS, Gerges NZ. Neurogranin restores amyloid β-mediated synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation deficits. Exp Neurol 2015; 277:115-123. [PMID: 26721336 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) is widely considered one of the early causes of cognitive deficits observed in Alzheimer's disease. Many of the deficits caused by Aβ are attributed to its disruption of synaptic function represented by its blockade of long-term potentiation (LTP) and its induction of synaptic depression. Identifying pathways that reverse these synaptic deficits may open the door to new therapeutic targets. In this study, we explored the possibility that Neurogranin (Ng)-a postsynaptic calmodulin (CaM) targeting protein that enhances synaptic function-may rescue Aβ-mediated deficits in synaptic function. Our results show that Ng is able to reverse synaptic depression and LTP deficits induced by Aβ. Furthermore, Ng's restoration of synaptic transmission is through the insertion of GluA1-containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid glutamate receptors (AMPARs). These restorative effects of Ng are dependent on the interaction of Ng and CaM and CaM-dependent activation of CaMKII. Overall, this study identifies a novel mechanism to rescue synaptic deficits induced by Aβ oligomers. It also suggests Ng and CaM signaling as potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease as well as important tools to further explore the pathophysiology underlying the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwardeep Singh Kaleka
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 West Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53132, United States; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 West Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53132, United States
| | - Nashaat Z Gerges
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 West Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53132, United States; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 West Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53132, United States.
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Sutcliffe JG, Hedlund PB, Thomas EA, Bloom FE, Hilbush BS. Peripheral reduction of β-amyloid is sufficient to reduce brain β-amyloid: implications for Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89:808-14. [PMID: 21374699 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Three loci that modify β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and deposition in the brains of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease have been previously described. One encompasses the Psen2 gene encoding presenilin 2, a component of the γ-secretase activity responsible for generating Aβ by proteolysis. We show that the activity of mouse Psen2, as measured by levels of mRNA accumulation, unexpectedly is heritable in the liver but not the brain, suggesting liver as the origin of brain Aβ deposits. Administration of STI571, a cancer therapeutic that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, reduced accumulation of Aβ in both the blood and the brain, confirming brain Aβ's peripheral origin and suggesting that STI571 and related compounds might have therapeutic/prophylactic value in human Alzheimer's disease. The genes Cib1 and Zfhx1b reside within the other modifier loci and also exhibit heritable expression in the liver, suggesting that they too contribute to Aβ accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gregor Sutcliffe
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Cai L, Liow JS, Zoghbi SS, Cuevas J, Baetas C, Hong J, Shetty HU, Seneca NM, Brown AK, Gladding R, Temme SS, Herman MM, Innis RB, Pike VW. Synthesis and Evaluation of N-Methyl and S-Methyl 11C-Labeled 6-Methylthio-2-(4′-N,N-dimethylamino)phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines as Radioligands for Imaging β-Amyloid Plaques in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Med Chem 2007; 51:148-58. [DOI: 10.1021/jm700970s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Cai
- Molecular Imaging Branch and Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jeih-San Liow
- Molecular Imaging Branch and Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sami S. Zoghbi
- Molecular Imaging Branch and Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jessica Cuevas
- Molecular Imaging Branch and Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Cesar Baetas
- Molecular Imaging Branch and Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jinsoo Hong
- Molecular Imaging Branch and Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - H. Umesha Shetty
- Molecular Imaging Branch and Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Nicholas M. Seneca
- Molecular Imaging Branch and Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Amira K. Brown
- Molecular Imaging Branch and Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Robert Gladding
- Molecular Imaging Branch and Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sebastian S. Temme
- Molecular Imaging Branch and Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Mary M. Herman
- Molecular Imaging Branch and Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Robert B. Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch and Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Victor W. Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch and Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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9
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Chang Q, Gold PE. Age-related changes in memory and in acetylcholine functions in the hippocampus in the Ts65Dn mouse, a model of Down syndrome. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2007; 89:167-77. [PMID: 17644430 PMCID: PMC2246382 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Revised: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Spatial working memory and the ability of a cholinesterase inhibitor to enhance memory were assessed at 4, 10, and 16 months of ages in control and Ts65Dn mice, a partial trisomy model of Down syndrome, with possibly significant relationships to Alzheimer's disease as well. In addition, ACh release during memory testing was measured in samples collected from the hippocampus using in vivo microdialysis at 4, 10, and 22-25 months of age. When tested on a four-arm spontaneous alternation task, the Ts65Dn mice exhibited impaired memory scores at both 4 and 10 months. At 16 months, control performance had declined toward that of the Ts65Dn mice and the difference in scores across genotypes was not significant. Physostigmine (50 microg/kg) fully reversed memory deficits in the Ts65Dn mice in the 4-month-old group but not in older mice. Ts65Dn and control mice exhibited comparable baseline levels of ACh release at all ages tested; these levels did not decline significantly across age in either genotype. ACh release increased significantly during alternation testing only in the young Ts65Dn and control mice. However, the increase in ACh release during alternation testing was significantly greater in control than Ts65Dn mice at this age. The controls exhibited a significant age-related decline in the testing-related increase in ACh release. With only a small increase during testing in young Ts65Dn mice, the age-related decline in responsiveness of ACh release to testing was not significant in these mice. Overall, these results suggest that diminished responsiveness of ACh release in the hippocampus to behavioral testing may contribute memory impairments in Ts65Dn mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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Pentreath VW, Mead C. Responses of Cultured Astrocytes, C6 Glioma and 1321NI Astrocytoma Cells to Amyloid beta-Peptide Fragments. NONLINEARITY IN BIOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY, MEDICINE 2004; 2:45-63. [PMID: 19330108 PMCID: PMC2647817 DOI: 10.1080/15401420490426990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of amyloid beta-peptide (betaAP), which can have both neurotrophic or neurotoxic effects on neurons and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), was studied on astrocytes using primary cultures and astrocyte cell lines (rat C6 glioma, human 1321NI astrocytoma cells). The cultures were exposed to 0.0005-50 mug/ml) betaAP fragments 1-40, 25-35, 31-35, or 40-41 (control) for 24 hr. Some of the fragments were maintained at 37 degrees C for 48 hr to induce aggregation and some of the cell cultures were pretreated with the differentiating agent dBcAMP before the experiments. The astrocyte responses were evaluated for lysosome activity (neutral red assay) and levels of structural proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, and S-100, which are altered in the dystrophic plaques with associated astrogliosis in AD. The cells frequently responded with biphasic responses, with initial (low-dose) activation-type responses (i.e., increases of indicator compared to controls), before reductions with altered morphology (increased branching of cells) at higher concentrations. However, cell death (with EC(50) values) was not observed, even at the maximum concentrations of betaAP fragments. The findings suggest that the astrocytes have a relatively high resistance against the betaAP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V W Pentreath
- Division of Biosciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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Thompson AJ, Lim TK, Barrow CJ. On-line high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric investigation of amyloid-beta peptide variants found in Alzheimer's disease. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 1999; 13:2348-2351. [PMID: 10567933 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(19991215)13:23<2348::aid-rcm797>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Abeta peptides are the major components of amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease. The presence of N-terminally truncated Abeta variants in amyloid may be a critical factor in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. These Abeta variants are less soluble and more amyloidogenic than full-length Abeta, making their separation, purification and identification difficult. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at elevated temperatures, coupled to electrospray ionization (ES) mass spectrometry (MS), enables rapid separation and identification of N-terminally truncated Abeta variants. This methodology provides a potential tool for exploring the importance of these Abeta variants in both the pathogenesis and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Thompson
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Shivji AP, Brown F, Davies MC, Jennings KH, Roberts CJ, Wilkinson MJ, Williams PM. Scanning tunnelling microscopy studies of beta-amyloid fibril structure and assembly. FEBS Lett 1995; 371:25-8. [PMID: 7664877 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is in part characterised by the deposit of beta-amyloid peptide in the form of fibrils in the brain. In this study, the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) has been used to provide high resolution images of synthetic fibril structure and formation as a function of time. Short fibrils are observed following brief peptide incubation times. At longer incubation periods ribbon like filaments were observed. These results suggest that beta-amyloid self-assembly is an ordered process, with a correlation between time of incubation and length of beta-amyloid filament growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Shivji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
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Ikura K, Takahata K, Sasaki R. Cross-linking of a synthetic partial-length (1-28) peptide of the Alzheimer beta/A4 amyloid protein by transglutaminase. FEBS Lett 1993; 326:109-11. [PMID: 8100780 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)81772-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral deposits of beta/A4 amyloid protein is a pathologic sign of Alzheimer's disease. A synthetic partial-length (1-28) peptide of this protein contains one glutamine and two lysine residues. Here we show that this peptide can be a substrate of transglutaminase, which catalyzes cross-linking between glutamine and lysine residues in peptides, by demonstrating the formation of multimeric peptides due to the action of this enzyme. A modified (Lys28 to L-norleucine) version of the synthetic peptide was also cross-linked, but another modified version (Lys16 to L-norleucine) was very poorly cross-linked, indicating that Lys16 is involved exclusively in the cross-linking of the partial-length peptide catalyzed by transglutaminase.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ikura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Japan
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Burdick D, Soreghan B, Kwon M, Kosmoski J, Knauer M, Henschen A, Yates J, Cotman C, Glabe C. Assembly and aggregation properties of synthetic Alzheimer's A4/beta amyloid peptide analogs. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)48529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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