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Canton-Vitoria R, Sato K, Motooka Y, Toyokuni S, Liu Z, Kitaura R. Field-effect transistor antigen/antibody-TMDs sensors for the detection of COVID-19 samples. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4570-4580. [PMID: 36762571 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06630k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated sensors by modifying the surface of MoS2 and WS2 with COVID-19 antibodies and investigated their characteristics, including stability, reusability, sensitivity, and selectivity. Thiols and disulfanes in antibodies strongly interact with vacant Mo or W sites of MoS2 or WS2, yielding durable devices that are stable for several days in the air or water. More importantly, detachment of the antibodies is suppressed even during the aggressive cleaning process of the devices at pH 3, which allows reusing the same device in several experiments without appreciable loss of sensitivity. Therefore, the nanodevice may be employed in samples of different patients. Further, we found a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 fg ml-1 at room temperature, time responses of 1 second, and selectivity against interferences such as KLH protein or Albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Canton-Vitoria
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Kotaro Sato
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yashiro Motooka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Zheng Liu
- Innovative Functional Materials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Nagoya, Aichi 463-8560, Japan
| | - Ryo Kitaura
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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Zhang C, Huo X, Zhu Y, Higginbotham JN, Cao Z, Lu X, Franklin JL, Vickers KC, Coffey RJ, Senapati S, Wang C, Chang HC. Electrodeposited magnetic nanoporous membrane for high-yield and high-throughput immunocapture of extracellular vesicles and lipoproteins. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1358. [PMID: 36496485 PMCID: PMC9741596 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic nanobeads offer several advantages over microbeads for immunocapture of nanocarriers (extracellular vesicles, lipoproteins, and viruses) in a bioassay: high-yield capture, reduction in incubation time, and higher capture capacity. However, nanobeads are difficult to "pull-down" because their superparamagnetic feature requires high nanoscale magnetic field gradients. Here, an electrodeposited track-etched membrane is shown to produce a unique superparamagnetic nano-edge ring with multiple edges around nanopores. With a uniform external magnetic field, the induced monopole and dipole of this nano edge junction combine to produce a 10× higher nanobead trapping force. A dense nanobead suspension can be filtered through the magnetic nanoporous membrane (MNM) at high throughput with a 99% bead capture rate. The yield of specific nanocarriers in heterogeneous media by nanobeads/MNM exceeds 80%. Reproducibility, low loss, and concentration-independent capture rates are also demonstrated. This MNM material hence expands the application of nanobead immunocapture to physiological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Xiaoye Huo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Yini Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - James N Higginbotham
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Franklin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Ceming Wang
- Aopia Biosciences, 31351 Medallion Dr, Hayward, CA, 94544, USA.
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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Lin H, Kasai N, Xu N, Nakajima H, Kato S, Zeng H, Lin JM, Mao S, Uchiyama K. Localized hydrodynamic flow confinement assisted nanowire sensor for ultrasensitive protein detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 218:114788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Dempsey ME, Woodford-Berry O, Darling EM. Quantification of Antibody Persistence for Cell Surface Protein Labeling. Cell Mol Bioeng 2021; 14:267-277. [PMID: 34109005 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-021-00670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antibodies are an essential research tool for labeling surface proteins but can potentially influence the behavior of proteins and cells to which they bind. Because of this, researchers and clinicians are interested in the persistence of these antibodies, particularly for live-cell applications. We developed an easily adoptable method for researchers to characterize antibody removal timelines for any cell-antibody combination, with the benefit of studying broad, hypothesized mechanisms of antibody removal. Methods We developed a method using four experimental conditions to elucidate the contributions of possible factors influencing antibody removal: cell proliferation, internalization, permanent dissociation, and environmental perturbation. This method was tested on adipose-derived stem cells and a human lung fibroblast cell line with anti-CD44, CD90, and CD105 antibodies. The persistence of the primary antibody was probed using a fluorescent secondary antibody daily over 10 days. Relative contributions by the antibody removal mechanisms were quantified based on differences between the four culture conditions. Results Greater than 90% of each antibody tested was no longer present on the surface of the two cell types after 5 days, with removal observed in as little as 1 day post-labeling. Anti-CD90 antibody was primarily removed by environmental perturbation, anti-CD105 antibody by internalization, and anti-CD44 antibody by a combination of all four factors. Conclusions Antibody removal mechanism depended on the specific antibody tested, while removal timelines for the same antibody depended more on cell type. This method should be broadly relevant to researchers interested in quantifying an initial timeframe for uninhibited use of antibody-labeled cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-021-00670-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Dempsey
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Olivia Woodford-Berry
- Departmant of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Eric M Darling
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA.,Departmant of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA.,School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA.,Departmant of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
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Nielsen UB, Kirpotin DB, Pickering EM, Drummond DC, Marks JD. A novel assay for monitoring internalization of nanocarrier coupled antibodies. BMC Immunol 2006; 7:24. [PMID: 17014727 PMCID: PMC1633733 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-7-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Discovery of tumor-selective antibodies or antibody fragments is a promising approach for delivering therapeutic agents to antigen over-expressing cancers. Therefore it is important to develop methods for the identification of target- and function specific antibodies for effective drug delivery. Here we describe a highly selective and sensitive method for characterizing the internalizing potential of multivalently displayed antibodies or ligands conjugated to liposomes into tumor cells. The assay requires minute amounts of histidine-tagged ligand and relies on the non-covalent coupling of these antibodies to fluorescent liposomes containing a metal ion-chelating lipid. Following incubation of cells with antibody-conjugated liposomes, surface bound liposomes are gently removed and the remaining internalized liposomes are quantitated based on fluorescence in a high throughput manner. We have termed this methodology "Chelated Ligand Internalization Assay", or CLIA. Results The specificity of the assay was demonstrated with different antibodies to the ErbB-2 and EGF receptors. Antibody-uptake correlated with receptor expression levels in tumor cell lines with a range of receptor expression. Furthermore, Ni-NTA liposomes containing doxorubicin were used to screen for the ability of antibodies to confer target-specific cytotoxicity. Using an anti-ErbB2 single chain Fv (scFv) (F5) antibody, cytotoxicity could be conferred to ErbB2-overexpressing cells; however, a poly(ethylene glycol)-linked lipid (DSPE-PEG-NTA-Ni) was necessary to allow for efficient loading of the drug and to reduce nonspecific drug leakage during the course of the assay. Conclusion The CLIA method we describe here represents a rapid, sensitive and robust assay for the identification and characterization of tumor-specific antibodies capable of high drug-delivery efficiency when conjugated to liposomal nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik B Nielsen
- Departments of Anesthesia and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110 (UBN, JDM, EMP), USA
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., One Kendall Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Edward M Pickering
- Departments of Anesthesia and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110 (UBN, JDM, EMP), USA
| | - Daryl C Drummond
- Hermes Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080 (DCD, DK), USA
| | - James D Marks
- Departments of Anesthesia and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110 (UBN, JDM, EMP), USA
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Internalizing antibodies and targeted cancer therapy: direct selection from phage display libraries. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY TODAY 2000; 3:282-291. [PMID: 10916148 DOI: 10.1016/s1461-5347(00)00280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibody internalization is required for the success of many targeted therapeutics, such as immunotoxins, immunoliposomes, antibody-drug conjugates and for the targeted delivery of genes or viral DNA into cells. Recently, it has become possible to directly select antibody fragments from phage display libraries for internalization into mammalian cells. Here we review the therapeutic applications of internalized antibodies and describe how phage display enables the isolation of internalizing antibodies to novel or known targets.
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