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Tang LCY, Chetwood JD, Lai MSM, Yip TCF, Cao R, Powter E, Salimi S, Wu R, Coulshed A, Bowen DG, Strasser SI, Valliani T, Crawford M, Pulitano C, McKenzie C, Kench J, McCaughan GW, Liu K. Incidence, epidemiology, and outcomes of acute allograft rejection following liver transplantation in Australia. Liver Transpl 2024:01445473-990000000-00365. [PMID: 38647419 DOI: 10.1097/lvt.0000000000000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Acute allograft rejection is a well-known complication of liver transplantation (LT). The incidence, epidemiology, and outcomes of acute rejection have not been well described in Australia. We retrospectively studied consecutive adults who underwent deceased donor LT at a single center between 2010 and 2020. Donor and recipient data at the time of LT and recipient outcomes were collected from a prospective LT database. Liver biopsy reports were reviewed, and only a graft's first instance of biopsy-proven acute rejection was analyzed. During the study period, 796 liver transplants were performed in 770 patients. Biopsy-proven rejection occurred in 34.9% of transplants. There were no significant changes in the incidence of rejection over time (linear trend p =0.11). The median time to the first episode of rejection was 71 days after LT: 2.2% hyperacute, 50.4% early (≤90 d), and 47.5% late rejection (>90 d). Independent risk factors for rejection were younger recipient age at transplant (aHR 0.98 per year increase, 95% CI: 0.97-1.00, p =0.01), and ABO-incompatible grafts (aHR 2.55 vs. ABO-compatible, 95% CI: 1.27-5.09, p <0.01) while simultaneous multiorgan transplants were protective (aHR 0.21 vs. LT only, 95% CI: 0.08-0.58, p <0.01). Development of acute rejection (both early and late) was independently associated with significantly reduced graft (aHR 3.13, 95% CI: 2.21-4.42, p <0.001) and patient survival (aHR 3.42, 95% CI: 2.35-4.98, p <0.001). In this 11-year Australian study, acute LT rejection occurred in 35%, with independent risk factors of younger recipient age and ABO-incompatible transplant, while having a simultaneous multiorgan transplant was protective. Acute rejection was independently associated with reduced graft and patient survival after adjustment for other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Y Tang
- Australian National Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John D Chetwood
- Australian National Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mandy S M Lai
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Medical Data Analytic Centre, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Terry C F Yip
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Medical Data Analytic Centre, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rena Cao
- Australian National Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Powter
- Australian National Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shirin Salimi
- Australian National Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodger Wu
- Australian National Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Coulshed
- Australian National Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David G Bowen
- Australian National Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simone I Strasser
- Australian National Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Talal Valliani
- Australian National Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Crawford
- Australian National Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carlo Pulitano
- Australian National Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catriona McKenzie
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Kench
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W McCaughan
- Australian National Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ken Liu
- Australian National Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Jallah BP, Kuypers DRJ. Impact of Immunosenescence in Older Kidney Transplant Recipients: Associated Clinical Outcomes and Possible Risk Stratification for Immunosuppression Reduction. Drugs Aging 2024; 41:219-238. [PMID: 38386164 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-024-01100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The number of older individuals receiving a kidney transplant as replacement therapy has significantly increased in the past decades and this increase is expected to continue. Older patients have a lower rate of acute rejection but an increased incidence of death with a functioning graft. Several factors, including an increased incidence of infections, post-transplant malignancy and cardiovascular comorbidity and mortality, contribute to this increased risk. Notwithstanding, kidney transplantation is still the best form of kidney replacement therapy in all patients with chronic kidney disease, including in older individuals. The best form of immunosuppression and the optimal dose of these medications in older recipients remains a topic of discussion. Pharmacological studies have usually excluded older patients and when included, patients were highly selected and their numbers insignificant to draw a reasonable conclusion. The reduced incidence of acute rejection in older recipients has largely been attributed to immunosenescence. Immunosenescence refers to the aging of the innate and adaptive immunity, accumulating in phenotypic and functional changes. These changes influences the response of the immune system to new challenges. In older individuals, immunosenescence is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious pathogens, a decreased response after vaccinations, increased risk of malignancies and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Chronic kidney disease is associated with premature immunosenescent changes, and these are independent of aging. The immunosenescent state is associated with low-grade sterile inflammation termed inflammaging. This chronic low-grade inflammation triggers a compensatory immunosuppressive state to avoid further tissue damage, leaving older individuals with chronic kidney disease in an immune-impaired state before kidney transplantation. Immunosuppression after transplantation may further enhance progression of this immunosenescent state. This review covers the role of immunosenescence in older kidney transplant recipients and it details present knowledge of the changes in chronic kidney disease and after transplantation. The impact of immunosuppression on the progression and complications of an immunosenescent state are discussed, and the future direction of a possible clinical implementation of immunosenescence to individualize/reduce immunosuppression in older recipients is laid out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borefore P Jallah
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk R J Kuypers
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Abstract
Solid organ transplantation is a life-saving treatment for people with end-stage organ disease. Immune-mediated transplant rejection is a common complication that decreases allograft survival. Although immunosuppression is required to prevent rejection, it also increases the risk of infection. Some infections, such as cytomegalovirus and BK virus, can promote inflammatory gene expression that can further tip the balance toward rejection. BK virus and other infections can induce damage that resembles the clinical pathology of rejection, and this complicates accurate diagnosis. Moreover, T cells specific for viral infection can lead to rejection through heterologous immunity to donor antigen directly mediated by antiviral cells. Thus, viral infections and allograft rejection interact in multiple ways that are important to maintain immunologic homeostasis in solid organ transplant recipients. Better insight into this dynamic interplay will help promote long-term transplant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Higdon
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Jane C Tan
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Jonathan S Maltzman
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
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4
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Cunha LL, Valsecchi VADS, Ward LS. Investigating population-level immunosenescence: From bench to bedside. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949928. [PMID: 36059504 PMCID: PMC9428264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response is remodeled with aging in a process called immunosenescence. Some immunologists conceive immunosenescence as an adaptation of immunity to the aged immune-environment rather than a merely collapsed reactivity of immune cells against microbes and tumor cells. Others believe on an uninterrupted activation of the innate immune system with aging, leading to a low grade, sterile and chronic proinflammatory state called inflammaging. For instance, it is possible that chronic infection by cytomegalovirus leads to persistent production of viral load. This phenomenon offers periodic stimuli to the immune system that ultimately contribute to the remodeling of the immune response. If investigating immunosenescence at the cellular level is already a difficult task, considering the population level is much more complex. However, by studying immunosenescence at the population level, we can extract valuable results with viable applications. While studies with animal models allow scientists to deepen their understanding of the mechanisms of immunosenescence, studying large populations can bring practical innovations to medicine and the health system. Many researchers and funders have dedicated themselves to producing methods for the evaluation of immunosenescence on a large scale, aiming to elucidate new mechanisms by which diseases are established in the elderly. The description of how the immune response is remodeled with aging emerges as a new tool to identify the subset of subjects in which unhealthy aging is a matter of time, to help better individualize clinical management and select patients who may benefit. of early interventions. This review focuses on functional assays as valuable methods for measuring the remodeling of the immune response with aging and discuss their clinical impact. We also recall fundamental concepts for understanding the aging process of the immune response. In addition, we highlight future prospects for immunosenescence research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Leite Cunha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Discipline of Internal Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Lucas Leite Cunha,
| | - Victor Alexandre dos Santos Valsecchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Discipline of Internal Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Sterian Ward
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
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Salminen A. Clinical perspectives on the age-related increase of immunosuppressive activity. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:697-712. [PMID: 35384505 PMCID: PMC8985067 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aging process is associated with a remodeling of the immune system involving chronic low-grade inflammation and a gradual decline in the function of the immune system. These processes are also called inflammaging and immunosenescence. The age-related immune remodeling is associated with many clinical changes, e.g., risk for cancers and chronic infections increases, whereas the efficiency of vaccination and immunotherapy declines with aging. On the other hand, there is convincing evidence that chronic inflammatory states promote the premature aging process. The inflammation associated with aging or chronic inflammatory conditions stimulates a counteracting immunosuppression which protects tissues from excessive inflammatory injuries but promotes immunosenescence. Immunosuppression is a driving force in tumors and chronic infections and it also induces the tolerance to vaccination and immunotherapies. Immunosuppressive cells, e.g., myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), regulatory T cells (Treg), and type M2 macrophages, have a crucial role in tumorigenesis and chronic infections as well as in the tolerance to vaccination and immunotherapies. Interestingly, there is substantial evidence that inflammaging is also associated with an increased immunosuppressive activity, e.g., upregulation of immunosuppressive cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Given that both the aging and chronic inflammatory states involve the activation of immunosuppression and immunosenescence, this might explain why aging is a risk factor for tumorigenesis and chronic inflammatory states and conversely, chronic inflammatory insults promote the premature aging process in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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6
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Frailty and senile apathy in the everyday clinical practice in the conditions of COVID-19. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2022. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract104831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The article covers the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic criteria of frailty and senile apathy in the elderly. Special attention is paid to sarcopenia: the phenotypic classification and modern approaches to the treatment are discussed. The knowledge and understanding of the main pathogenetic links of sarcopenia, frailty and senile apathy, as well as the development of a single therapeutic line for these pathological conditions can significantly improve the life quality and expectancy of the elderly.
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Benissan-Messan DZ, Ganapathi AM, Guo M, Henn MC, Keller BC, Howsare M, Rosenheck JP, Kirkby SE, Mokadam NA, Nunley D, Whitson BA. Lung transplantation in the septuagenarian can be successfully performed though long-term results impacted by diseases of aging. Clin Transplant 2022; 36:e14593. [PMID: 35032351 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced age is considered a risk factor for lung transplantation (LTX). We sought to evaluate the long-term outcomes of LTX in the septuagenarian. METHODS LTX recipients in the UNOS transplant registry (May 1, 2005 to June 12, 2020) were stratified into 18-59, 60-69, and > = 70 years of age. Recipient and transplant characteristics were evaluated for survival, cause of death (COD), length of stay (LOS), and complications. A Kaplan-Meier analysis examined long-term survival for all patients stratified by age, specifically looking at cause of death. RESULTS A total of 27632 recipients were identified. As recipients aged, we found a decrease in proportion of cystic fibrosis and an increase in restrictive disease while obstructive disease peaked in the 60-69yo cohort (p<0.001). Septuagenarians had higher rates of single LTX, male gender and white race (p<0.001). Older recipients had significantly longer donor recovery distances traveled with paradoxical shorter ischemic times, shorter hospital LOS and were transplanted at higher volume centers. There was no difference with in-hospital mortality among groups (p = 0.5). Acute rejection during initial hospitalization, rejection within 1 year, and post-transplant dialysis incidence decreased with age. Graft failure was a common COD in younger patients while malignancy and cardio/cerebrovascular diseases were common COD in > = 70yo. CONCLUSION Select septuagenarian LTX candidates may be safely transplanted with relatively few complications. Immunosenescence and conditions of the aged are likely contributing factors to the decreased rejection and graft failure observations. Septuagenarians should not be excluded from LTX consideration based solely on age. Transplantation in septuagenarians should only be done in very selected patients (screened for malignancies and atherosclerotic disease) and these recipients should be carefully followed after transplantation because of these risk factors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dathe Z Benissan-Messan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Asvin M Ganapathi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Marissa Guo
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Matthew C Henn
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Brian C Keller
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Molly Howsare
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Justin P Rosenheck
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Stephen E Kirkby
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Nahush A Mokadam
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - David Nunley
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Bryan A Whitson
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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8
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Fedulkina VA, Vatazin AV, Kildyushevskiy AV, Zulkarnayev AB, Gubina DV, Fedulkina MP. Immunosenescence as a reason of individualizing immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplantation. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTOLOGY AND ARTIFICIAL ORGANS 2021. [DOI: 10.15825/1995-1191-2021-3-171-179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation in elderly patients is obviously more challenging due to existing underlying diseases, changes in pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressive drugs, polypragmasy, and transformation of immunoreactivity (immunosenescence). Our review presents data on modification of adaptive and innate immunity during aging. It also considers the possibility of both reduced and adapted immunosuppressive therapy in elderly renal transplant recipients in achieving an optimal balance between efficacy and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. V. Vatazin
- Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute
| | | | | | - D. V. Gubina
- Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute
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9
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The Risk of Postkidney Transplant Outcomes by Induction Choice Differs by Recipient Age. Transplant Direct 2021; 7:e715. [PMID: 34476294 PMCID: PMC8384398 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background. Among adult kidney transplant (KT) recipients, the risk of post-KT adverse outcomes differs by type of induction immunosuppression. Immune response to induction differs as recipients age; yet, choice of induction is barely tailored by age likely due to a lack of evidence of the risks and benefits. Methods. Using Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data, we identified 39336 first-time KT recipients (2010–2016). We estimated the length of stay (LOS), acute rejection (AR), graft failure, and death by induction type using logistic and Cox regression weighted by propensity score to adjust for confounders. We tested whether these estimates differed by age (65+ versus 18–64 y) using a Wald test. Results. Overall, rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) was associated with a decreased risk of AR (odds ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-0.85) compared with basiliximab. The effect of induction on LOS and death (interaction P = 0.03 and 0.003) differed by recipient age. Discharge was on average 11% shorter in rATG among younger recipients (relative time = 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81-0.99) but not among older recipients (relative time = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.95-1.08). rATG was not associated with mortality among older (hazard ratio = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.96-1.15), but among younger recipients (hazard ratio = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80-0.95), it was associated with reduced mortality risk. Conclusions. rATG should be considered to prevent AR, especially among recipients with high-immunologic risk regardless of age; however, choice of induction should be tailored to reduce LOS and risk of mortality, particularly among younger recipients.
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10
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Cheungpasitporn W, Lentine KL, Tan JC, Kaufmann M, Caliskan Y, Bunnapradist S, Lam NN, Schnitzler M, Axelrod DA. Immunosuppression Considerations for Older Kidney Transplant Recipients. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2021; 8:100-110. [PMID: 34211822 PMCID: PMC8244945 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-021-00321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW While kidney transplantation improves the long-term survival of the majority of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), age-related immune dysfunction and associated comorbidities make older transplant recipients more susceptible to complications related to immunosuppression. In this review, we discuss appropriate management of immunosuppressive agents in older adults to minimize adverse events, avoid acute rejection, and maximize patient and graft survival. RECENT FINDINGS Physiological changes associated with senescence can impact drug metabolism and increase the risk of posttransplant infection and malignancy. Clinical trials assessing the safety and efficacy of immunosuppressive agents in older adults are lacking. Recent findings from U.S. transplant registry-based studies suggest that risk-adjusted death-censored graft failure is higher among older patients who received antimetabolite avoidance, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi)-based, and cyclosporine-based regimens. Observational data suggest that risk-adjusted mortality may be increased in older patients who receive mTORi-based and cyclosporine-based regimens but lower in those managed with T-cell induction and maintenance steroid avoidance/withdrawal. SUMMARY Tailored immunosuppression management to improve patient and graft survival in older transplant recipients is an important goal of personalized medicine. Lower intensity immunosuppression, such as steroid-sparing regimens, appear beneficial whereas mTORi- and cyclosporine-based maintenance are associated with greater potential for adverse effects. Prospective clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of immunosuppression agents in older recipients are urgently needed.
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11
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Bolton C. An evaluation of the recognised systemic inflammatory biomarkers of chronic sub-optimal inflammation provides evidence for inflammageing (IFA) during multiple sclerosis (MS). Immun Ageing 2021; 18:18. [PMID: 33853634 PMCID: PMC8045202 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of the human demyelinating disorder multiple sclerosis (MS) involves the loss of immune tolerance to self-neuroantigens. A deterioration in immune tolerance is linked to inherent immune ageing, or immunosenescence (ISC). Previous work by the author has confirmed the presence of ISC during MS. Moreover, evidence verified a prematurely aged immune system that may change the frequency and profile of MS through an altered decline in immune tolerance. Immune ageing is closely linked to a chronic systemic sub-optimal inflammation, termed inflammageing (IFA), which disrupts the efficiency of immune tolerance by varying the dynamics of ISC that includes accelerated changes to the immune system over time. Therefore, a shifting deterioration in immunological tolerance may evolve during MS through adversely-scheduled effects of IFA on ISC. However, there is, to date, no collective proof of ongoing IFA during MS. The Review addresses the constraint and provides a systematic critique of compelling evidence, through appraisal of IFA-related biomarker studies, to support the occurrence of a sub-optimal inflammation during MS. The findings justify further work to unequivocally demonstrate IFA in MS and provide additional insight into the complex pathology and developing epidemiology of the disease.
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12
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Désy O, Vallin P, Béland S, Bouchard-Boivin F, Gama AP, De Serres SA. Longitudinal immune profile reveals reduced function of pro-inflammatory monocytes with age following kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:1147-1159. [PMID: 32777159 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of immunosuppression, notably the risk of infection, increases with age. However, the dynamic changes in innate immune response following transplantation are unclear. Based on recent observations, we hypothesized that pro-inflammatory capacity would decrease with age. We analyzed approximately 300 PBMC samples collected longitudinally in 45 de novo, adult kidney recipients and performed detailed phenotypic and functional profiling of monocytes and T cell subsets. Inflammatory response to TLR4 stimulation and indirect allostimulation using mismatched HLA peptides were assessed. In patients aged ≥56 years, TNF-α production by intermediate monocytes was similar to that in younger patients early posttransplant, but diminished substantially later. Adjusted analyses suggested that this was not attributable to confounding factors. In contrast, the alloimmune response to HLA peptides measured by IFN-γ in CD4+ T cells and TNF-α in monocytes was stable over time, but was low in older recipients. Measurement of CD80-86 surface expression revealed no signal for a lower costimulation capacity of APCs. These results suggest that older recipients have a reduced function of their innate pro-inflammatory immune cells posttransplant while maintaining a stable, low alloimmune response over time. The effect of reduced immunosuppressant doses on preventing this phenomenon needs to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Désy
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Patrice Vallin
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Béland
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - François Bouchard-Boivin
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alcino P Gama
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sacha A De Serres
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Health Center of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
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13
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Abstract
Increased life expectancy and advances in the care of chronic liver disease has increased the number of elderly patients needing liver transplant. Organ donation policies prioritize transplant to the sickest. There is an ongoing debate with regard to balancing the principles of equity and utility. Several hospitals have adopted center-specific policies and there has been an increased trend of transplant in elderly patients since 2002. Appropriate patient selection and long-term outcomes in the setting of limited organ availability pose several challenges. This article reviews the data and discusses the pros and cons of transplants in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cottone
- Department of Internal Medicine at Northwestern Medicine McHenry Hospital, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 4309 West Medical Center Drive, McHenry, IL 60050, USA.
| | - Nathalie A Pena Polanco
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, Suite 1105, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kalyan Ram Bhamidimarri
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, Suite 1144, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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14
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Heinbokel T, Quante M, Iske J, Nian Y, Maenosono R, Minami K, Liu Y, Azuma H, Elkhal A, Tullius SG. CTLA4-Ig prolongs graft survival specifically in young but not old mice. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:488-502. [PMID: 32717114 PMCID: PMC7855762 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Elderly organ transplant recipients have remained underrepresented in clinical trials, despite representing a rapidly growing population. Here, we assessed age-specific effects of CTLA4-Ig (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4-Ig), a fusion protein blocking costimulatory signaling between antigen-presenting cells and T cells through CD28. Cardiac allografts in young mice (2-3 months) treated with CTLA4-Ig survived indefinitely, whereas 80% of old recipients (18 months) had lost their graft after 100 days. CTLA4-Ig was also significantly less effective in older recipients of skin transplants. CTLA4-Ig reduced CD4+ central memory and effector memory T cells and diminished systemic interferon-gamma levels only in young recipients. These differences corresponded to a reduced expression of CD28 on antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells in old mice. In support, adoptive transfer of old CD4+ T cells that were transfected with a lentiviral vector inducing constant expression of CD28 accelerated the rejection of allogeneic skin grafts in young RAG2-/- recipient mice. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), in contrast, demonstrated an increased expression of CD28 with aging and CTLA4-Ig treatment in old recipients resulted in reduced frequencies, compromised proliferation, and diminished suppressive capacity of Tregs. These findings may prove to have unique clinical consequences for immunosuppression in the growing population of elderly transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Heinbokel
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Department of Nephrology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Quante
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jasper Iske
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yeqi Nian
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Ryoichi Maenosono
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Minami
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yang Liu
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Haruhito Azuma
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Abdallah Elkhal
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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15
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Kim DG, Lee J, Kim MS, Kwon OJ, Jung CW, Lee KW, Yang J, Ahn C, Huh KH. Outcomes of ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation in older patients: a national cohort study. Transpl Int 2020; 34:290-301. [PMID: 33258121 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcomes of ABO-incompatible living donor kidney transplantation (ABOi LDKT) in older individuals have not been established. METHODS This multicentric observational study, using data from the Korean Organ Transplantation Registry database, included 634 older patients (≥60 years) undergoing kidney transplantation. We compared clinical outcomes of ABOi LDKT (n = 80) with those of ABO-compatible LDKT (ABOc LDKT, n = 222) and deceased donor kidney transplantation (DDKT, n = 332) in older patients. RESULTS Death-censored graft survival was similar between the three groups (P = 0.141). Patient survival after ABOi LDKT was similar to that after ABOc LDKT (P = 0.489) but higher than that after DDKT (P = 0.038). In multivariable analysis, ABOi LDKT was not risk factor (hazard ratio [HR] 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29-10.38, P = 0.548), while DDKT was significant risk factor (HR 3.49, 95% CI 1.01-12.23, P = 0.049) for patient survival. Although ABOi LDKT showed higher biopsy-proven acute rejection than ABOc LDKT, the difference was not significant after adjustment with covariates. However, ABOi LDKT was significant risk factor for infection (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.12-2.45, P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS In older patients, ABOi LDKT was not inferior to ABOc LDKT and was superior to DDKT for patient survival. ABOi LDKT can be recommended for older patients, rather than waiting for DDKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok Gie Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei Wonju University College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Juhan Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Oh Jung Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol Woong Jung
- Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kang Wook Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Ha Huh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Armitage WJ, Winton HL, Jones MNA, Downward L, Crewe JM, Rogers CA, Tole DM, Dick AD. Corneal Transplant Follow-up Study II: a randomised trial to determine whether HLA class II matching reduces the risk of allograft rejection in penetrating keratoplasty. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 106:42-46. [PMID: 33268345 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-317543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A randomised trial to test the hypothesis that human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II matching reduces the risk of allograft rejection in high-risk penetrating keratoplasty (PK). METHODS All transplants were matched for HLA class I antigens (≤2 mismatches at the A and B loci) and corneas were allocated to patients by cohort minimisation to achieve 0, 1 or 2 HLA class II antigen mismatches. The corneal transplants (n=1133) were followed for 5 years. The primary outcome measure was time to first rejection episode. RESULTS Cox regression analysis found no influence of HLA class II mismatching on risk of immunological rejection (HR 1.13; 95% CI 0.79 to 1.63; p=0.51). The risk of rejection in recipients older than 60 years was halved compared with recipients ≤40 years (HR 0.51; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.73; p=0.0003). Rejection was also more likely where cataract surgery had been performed after PK (HR 3.68; 95% CI 1.95 to 6.93; p<0.0001). In univariate analyses, preoperative factors including chronic glaucoma (p=0.02), vascularisation (p=0.01), inflammation (p=0.03), ocular surface disease (p=0.0007) and regrafts (p<0.001) all increased the risk of rejection. In the Cox model, however, none of these factors was individually significant but rejection was more likely where≥2 preoperative risk factors were present (HR 2.11; 95% CI 1.26 to 3.47; p<0.003). CONCLUSIONS HLA class II matching, against a background of HLA class I matching, did not reduce the risk of allograft rejection. Younger recipient age, the presence of ≥2 preoperative risk factors and cataract surgery after PK all markedly increased the risk of allograft rejection. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN25094892.
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Affiliation(s)
- W John Armitage
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Winton
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Julie M Crewe
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chris A Rogers
- Bristol Trials Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew D Dick
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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17
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Cunha LL, Perazzio SF, Azzi J, Cravedi P, Riella LV. Remodeling of the Immune Response With Aging: Immunosenescence and Its Potential Impact on COVID-19 Immune Response. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1748. [PMID: 32849623 PMCID: PMC7427491 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly individuals are the most susceptible to an aggressive form of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2. The remodeling of immune response that is observed among the elderly could explain, at least in part, the age gradient in lethality of COVID-19. In this review, we will discuss the phenomenon of immunosenescence, which entails changes that occur in both innate and adaptive immunity with aging. Furthermore, we will discuss inflamm-aging, a low-grade inflammatory state triggered by continuous antigenic stimulation, which may ultimately increase all-cause mortality. In general, the elderly are less capable of responding to neo-antigens, because of lower naïve T cell frequency. Furthermore, they have an expansion of memory T cells with a shrinkage of the T cell diversity repertoire. When infected by SARS-CoV-2, young people present with a milder disease as they frequently clear the virus through an efficient adaptive immune response. Indeed, antibody-secreting cells and follicular helper T cells are thought to be effectively activated in young patients that present a favorable prognosis. In contrast, the elderly are more prone to an uncontrolled activation of innate immune response that leads to cytokine release syndrome and tissue damage. The failure to trigger an effective adaptive immune response in combination with a higher pro-inflammatory tonus may explain why the elderly do not appropriately control viral replication and the potential clinical consequences triggered by a cytokine storm, endothelial injury, and disseminated organ injury. Enhancing the efficacy of the adaptive immune response may be an important issue both for infection resolution as well as for the appropriate generation of immunity upon vaccination, while inhibiting inflamm-aging will likely emerge as a potential complementary therapeutic approach in the management of patients with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Leite Cunha
- Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Felix Perazzio
- Division of Rheumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jamil Azzi
- Schuster Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leonardo Vidal Riella
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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18
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DNA Methylation Age Is More Closely Associated With Infection Risk Than Chronological Age in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplant Direct 2020; 6:e576. [PMID: 33134500 PMCID: PMC7581059 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Older kidney transplant recipients demonstrate increased rates of infection but decreased rates of rejection compared with younger recipients, suggesting that older transplant patients are functionally overimmunosuppressed. We hypothesized that this is a consequence of reduction in immunological activity due to biological aging and that an immune biological age, as determined by DNA methylation (DNAm), would be associated more strongly with incidence of infection than chronological age. Methods DNAm analysis was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cell collected from 60 kidney transplant recipients representing older (≥age 60 y) and younger (aged 30-59 y) patients 3 months after transplantation. DNAm age was calculated based on methylation status of a panel of CpG sites, which have been previously identified as indicative of biological age. Results Correlation was seen between chronological and DNAm age; however, there were many patients with significant differences (either acceleration or slowing) between DNAm age and chronological age. A statistically significant association was seen between increased DNAm age and incidence of infection in the first year after kidney transplantation, whereas no significant association was seen between chronological age and infection. Conclusions Assessment of DNAm age holds promise as an approach for patient evaluation and individualization of immune suppression regimens. This analysis may provide insights into the immunological mechanism behind increased incidence of infection observed in older transplant patients. The ability to measure biological age would allow for patient risk stratification and individualization of immunosuppression, improving outcomes for the growing numbers of older patients undergoing kidney transplantation.
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19
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Abstract
T-cell immunity undergoes a complex and continuous remodeling with aging. Understanding those dynamics is essential in refining immunosuppression. Aging is linked to phenotypic and metabolic changes in T-cell immunity, many resulting into impaired function and compromised effectiveness. Those changes may impact clinical immunosuppression with evidences suggesting age-specific efficacies of some (CNI and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors) but not necessarily all immunosuppressants. Metabolic changes of T cells with aging have only recently been appreciated and may provide novel ways of immunosuppression. Here, we provide an update on changes of T-cell immunity in aging.
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20
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Pham C, Kuten SA, Knight RJ, Nguyen DT, Graviss EA, Gaber AO. Assessment of infectious complications in elderly kidney transplant recipients receiving induction with anti-thymocyte globulin vs basiliximab. Transpl Infect Dis 2020; 22:e13257. [PMID: 32031729 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly transplant recipients experience lower rates of acute rejection with higher rates of infectious complications compared to their younger counterparts. While less intensive immunosuppression may be preferable, there are no recommendations for depleting versus non-depleting induction strategies. We sought to compare infectious complications between anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and basiliximab (IL2RA) induction in elderly kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). METHODS We reviewed 146 KTRs ≥65 years receiving ATG or IL2RA induction. Per institution protocol, ATG was administered to patients with the following characteristics, irrespective of age: African American (AA), PRA ≥20%, and/or re-transplantation. Infectious complications (bacterial, viral, and invasive fungal) at 1 year were compared. RESULTS There were significantly more AA, deceased donors, and sensitized KTRs in the ATG group, reflecting criteria for induction agent. ATG KTRs experienced higher rates of overall infectious complications (77% vs 56%, P = .01), driven by increased bacterial (54% vs 39%, P = .08) and viral infections (51% vs 35%, P = .05). Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and CMV in particular occurred at high rates among ATG patients (46% and 32%, respectively). In multivariate analysis, the only independent risk factor associated with increased risk for infection was induction with ATG (adjusted HR 1.71 [95% CI 1.04-2.83], P = .04). Overall rates of immunologic outcomes were low. CONCLUSION Elderly KTRs receiving ATG are at an increased risk for infectious complications, largely attributed to high rates of UTIs and CMV. Additional strategies aimed at mitigating these complications in elderly patients requiring ATG may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Pham
- Department of Pharmacy, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Samantha A Kuten
- Department of Pharmacy, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard J Knight
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Duc T Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Edward A Graviss
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - A Osama Gaber
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
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21
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Choi J, Chandraker A. Immunologic Risk Assessment and Approach to Immunosuppression Regimen in Kidney Transplantation. Clin Lab Med 2019; 39:643-656. [PMID: 31668275 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The outcomes of kidney transplantation show a steady improvement with an increasing number of transplantations and decreasing incidence of acute rejection episodes. Successful transplantation begins with a comprehensive immunologic risk assessment and judicious choice of therapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss the trends in transplant immunosuppression practices and outcomes in the United States. We discuss practical testing algorithms for clinical decision making in induction therapy and fine-tuning maintenance immunosuppression. We introduce assessment tools for immune monitoring after transplantation and speculate on future directions in management.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Choi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anil Chandraker
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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22
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Schaenman JM, Rossetti M, Lum E, Abdalla B, Bunnapradist S, Pham TP, Danovitch G, Reed EF, Cole S. Differences in Gene Expression in Older Compared With Younger Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplant Direct 2019; 5:e436. [PMID: 30993190 PMCID: PMC6445656 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the growing numbers of older transplant patients, increased incidence of infection and death compared with younger patients may limit the many benefits provided by transplantation. However, little is known about age-associated immune dysfunction in the older transplant recipient. METHODS A cohort of 60 kidney transplant recipients, 23 older (≥ 60y) and 37 younger (30-59y), matched on antithymocyte induction and donor type (living vs deceased) was evaluated. Gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells 3 months after kidney transplantation was analyzed to compare differences between older and younger patients. RESULTS Proinflammatory genes were upregulated in older kidney transplant patients, including cytokines IL1-β and IL-6. Downregulated genes were associated with B-cell and T-cell function, including CCR7 and CD27. Analysis of predicted transcription factor binding suggested an increase in proinflammatory transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β-binding sites in older patients, whereas interferon regulatory factor 2 transcription factor binding sites were less prevalent. CONCLUSIONS Older kidney transplant recipients exhibited multiple differences in gene expression compared with younger patients, with upregulation of proinflammatory genes and downregulation of adaptive immune response genes. These findings may explain the mechanism of increased vulnerability to infection and malignancy observed in older transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Schaenman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, UCLA Immunogenetics Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Maura Rossetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Immunogenetics Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Erik Lum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Basmah Abdalla
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Suphamai Bunnapradist
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Thu-Phuong Pham
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gabriel Danovitch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elaine F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Immunogenetics Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Steve Cole
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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23
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Yamaguchi K. Tacrolimus treatment for infertility related to maternal-fetal immune interactions. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 81:e13097. [PMID: 30689243 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many approaches have been used to achieve successful pregnancies in patients with infertility, though existing treatments remain unsatisfactory in patients with infertility caused by abnormal maternal-fetal immunity. However, our understanding of the immunological aspects of infertility has steadily progressed, aided by recent research into organ transplantation and cancer. The results of these recent analyses have led to the development and evaluation of several candidate immunological treatments, but the use of immunological treatments remains a novel approach. The current paper presents the hypothesis that tacrolimus may have potential as a candidate agent for the treatment of maternal-fetal immunity-related infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushi Yamaguchi
- Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation holds much promise as a treatment of choice for patients with end-stage kidney disease. The impact of cold ischemia time (CIT) on acute renal transplant rejection (ARTR) remains to be fully studied in a large cohort of renal transplant patients. METHODS From the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database, we analyzed 63 798 deceased donor renal transplants performed between 2000 and 2010. We assessed the association between CIT and ARTR. We also evaluated the association between recipient age and ARTR. RESULTS Six thousand eight hundred two (11%) patients were clinically diagnosed with ARTR. Longer CIT was associated with an increased risk of ARTR. After multivariable adjustment, compared with recipients with CIT < 12 hours, the relative risk of ARTR was 1.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.23) in recipients with CIT ≥ 24 hours. The association of CIT and ARTR was more pronounced in patients undergoing retransplantation: compared with recipients with CIT less than 12 hours, the relative risk of ARTR was 1.66 (95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.73) in recipients with CIT of 24 hours or longer. Additionally, older age was associated with a decreased risk of ARTR. Compared with recipients aged 18 to 29 years, the relative risk of ARTR was 0.50 (95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.57) in recipients 60 years or older. Longer CIT was also associated with increased risk of death-censored graft loss. Compared with recipients with CIT less than 12 hours, the hazard ratio of death-censored graft loss was 1.22 (95% confidence interval, 1.14-1.30) in recipients with CIT of 24 hours or longer. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged CIT is associated with an increased risk of ARTR and death-censored graft loss. Older age was associated with a lower risk of ARTR.
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25
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Budding K, van Setten J, van de Graaf EA, van Rossum OA, Kardol-Hoefnagel T, Kwakkel-van Erp JM, Oudijk EJD, Hack CE, Otten HG. The Autoimmune-Associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Within PTPN22 Correlates With Clinical Outcome After Lung Transplantation. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3105. [PMID: 30705675 PMCID: PMC6344400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive chronic lung allograft dysfunction (BOS) is the major limiting factor for lung transplantation (LTx) outcome. PTPN22 is described as the hallmark autoimmunity gene, and one specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs2476601, is associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, impaired T cell regulation, and autoantibody formation. Taking into consideration the contribution of autoimmunity to LTx outcome, we hypothesized that polymorphisms in the PTPN22 gene could be associated with BOS incidence. We selected six SNPs within PTPN22 and analyzed both patient and donor genotypes on BOS development post-LTx. A total of 144 patients and matched donors were included, and individual SNPs and haplotype configurations were analyzed. We found a significant association between patients carrying the heterozygous configuration of rs2476601 and a higher risk for BOS development (p = 0.005, OR: 4.400, 95%CI: 1.563–12.390). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that heterozygous patients exhibit a lower BOS-free survival compared to patients homozygous for rs2476601 (p = 0.0047). One haplotype, which solely contained the heterozygous risk variant, was associated with BOS development (p = 0.015, OR: 7.029, 95%CI: 1.352–36.543). Our results show that LTx patients heterozygous for rs2476601 are more susceptible for BOS development and indicate a deleterious effect of the autoimmune-related risk factor of PTPN22 in patients on LTx outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Budding
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eduard A van de Graaf
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Oliver A van Rossum
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tineke Kardol-Hoefnagel
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Erik-Jan D Oudijk
- Center of Interstitial Lung Diseases, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - C Erik Hack
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Departments of Rheumatology and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henderikus G Otten
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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26
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Increased T cell immunosenescence and accelerated maturation phenotypes in older kidney transplant recipients. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:659-667. [PMID: 29913200 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Older kidney transplant recipients experience increased rates of infection and death, and less rejection, compared with younger patients. However, little is known about immune dysfunction in older compared with younger kidney transplant recipients and whether it is associated with infection. We evaluated T cell phenotypes including maturation, immune senescence, and exhaustion in a novel investigation into differences in older compared with younger patients receiving identical immune suppression regimens. We evaluated PBMC from 60 kidney transplant recipients (23 older and 37 matched younger patients) by multiparameter immune phenotyping. Older kidney transplant recipients demonstrated decreased frequency of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and increased frequency of terminally differentiated, immune senescent, and NK T cells expressing KLRG1. There was a trend towards increased frequency of T cell immune senescence in patients experiencing infection in the first year after transplantation, which reached statistical significance in a multivariate analysis. This pilot study reveals immune dysfunction in older compared with younger transplant recipients, and suggests a likely mechanism for increased vulnerability to infection. The ability to assess T cell maturation and immune senescence in transplant recipients offers the potential for risk stratification and customization of immune suppression to prevent infection and rejection after transplantation.
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27
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Bai L, Liang W, Chen M, Cissé Y, Liu J, Su Y, Yu J, Liu Q. Effect of lentivirus-mediated gene silencing, targeting toll-like receptor 2, on corneal allograft transplantation in rats. Mol Immunol 2017; 91:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Henson JB, Patel YA, Wilder JM, Zheng J, Chow SC, King LY, Muir AJ. Differences in Phenotypes and Liver Transplantation Outcomes by Age Group in Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:3200-3209. [PMID: 28391417 PMCID: PMC5861350 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence for a heterogeneity of phenotypes in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), but differences across the age spectrum in adults with PSC have not been well characterized. AIMS To characterize phenotypic variations and liver transplantation outcomes by age group in adults with PSC. METHODS The United Network for Organ Sharing database was used to identify waitlist registrations for primary liver transplantation in adults with PSC. Patients were split into three age groups: 18-39 (young), 40-59 (middle-aged), and ≥60 (older). Their clinical characteristics and outcomes on the waitlist and post-transplant were compared. RESULTS Overall, 8272 adults with PSC were listed for liver transplantation during the study period, of which 28.9% were young, 52.0% were middle-aged, and 19.1% were older. The young age group had the greatest male predominance (70.0 vs. 66.2 vs. 65.1%, p = 0.001), the highest proportion of black individuals (20.0 vs. 11.0 vs. 5.5%, p < 0.001), and the most patients listed with concomitant autoimmune hepatitis (2.2 vs. 1.0 vs. 0.8%, p < 0.001). Older patients experienced the greatest waitlist and post-transplant mortality. Graft survival was greatest in the middle-aged group. Young patients were most likely to experience acute rejection (31 vs. 22.8 vs. 18.0%, p < 0.001) and have graft failure due to chronic rejection or PSC recurrence (47.8 vs. 42.3 vs. 17.9%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Age-related differences exist among adults with PSC and are associated with outcomes pre- and post-transplant. Young patients may have a more robust immune-related phenotype that is associated with poorer graft survival. Future studies are needed to further investigate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuval A Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julius M Wilder
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jiayin Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shein-Chung Chow
- Department of Biostatistics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lindsay Y King
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew J Muir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
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Borges TJ, O’Malley JT, Wo L, Murakami N, Smith B, Azzi J, Tripathi S, Lane JD, Bueno EM, Clark RA, Tullius SG, Chandraker A, Lian CG, Murphy GF, Strom TB, Pomahac B, Najafian N, Riella LV. Codominant Role of Interferon-γ- and Interleukin-17-Producing T Cells During Rejection in Full Facial Transplant Recipients. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2158-71. [PMID: 26749226 PMCID: PMC4979599 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Facial transplantation is a life-changing procedure for patients with severe composite facial defects. However, skin is the most immunogenic of all transplants, and better understanding of the immunological processes after facial transplantation is of paramount importance. Here, we describe six patients who underwent full facial transplantation at our institution, with a mean follow-up of 2.7 years. Seum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and skin biopsy specimens were collected prospectively, and a detailed characterization of their immune response (51 time points) was performed, defining 47 immune cell subsets, 24 serum cytokines, anti-HLA antibodies, and donor alloreactivity on each sample, producing 4269 data points. In a nonrejecting state, patients had a predominant T helper 2 cell phenotype in the blood. All patients developed at least one episode of acute cellular rejection, which was characterized by increases in interferon-γ/interleukin-17-producing cells in peripheral blood and in the allograft's skin. Serum monocyte chemotactic protein-1 level was significantly increased during rejection compared with prerejection time points. None of the patients developed de novo donor-specific antibodies, despite a fourfold expansion in T follicular helper cells at 1 year posttransplantation. In sum, facial transplantation is frequently complicated by a codominant interferon-γ/interleukin-17-mediated acute cellular rejection process. Despite that, medium-term outcomes are promising with no evidence of de novo donor-specific antibody development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Borges
- Schuster Transplantation Research Center, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - J. T. O’Malley
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - L. Wo
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - N. Murakami
- Schuster Transplantation Research Center, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - B. Smith
- Schuster Transplantation Research Center, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - J. Azzi
- Schuster Transplantation Research Center, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - S. Tripathi
- Schuster Transplantation Research Center, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - J. D. Lane
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - E. M. Bueno
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - R. A. Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - S. G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - A. Chandraker
- Schuster Transplantation Research Center, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - C. G. Lian
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - G. F. Murphy
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - T. B. Strom
- Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - B. Pomahac
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - N. Najafian
- Schuster Transplantation Research Center, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Nephrology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL
| | - L. V. Riella
- Schuster Transplantation Research Center, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Corresponding author: Leonardo V. Riella,
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30
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Pratschke J, Dragun D, Hauser IA, Horn S, Mueller TF, Schemmer P, Thaiss F. Immunological risk assessment: The key to individualized immunosuppression after kidney transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2016; 30:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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31
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Japp AS, Kursunel MA, Meier S, Mälzer JN, Li X, Rahman NA, Jekabsons W, Krause H, Magheli A, Klopf C, Thiel A, Frentsch M. Dysfunction of PSA-specific CD8+ T cells in prostate cancer patients correlates with CD38 and Tim-3 expression. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:1487-94. [PMID: 26289091 PMCID: PMC11028650 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of immunotherapy in cancer patients is influenced by differences in their immune status. An evaluation of immunocompetence before therapy may help to predict therapeutic success and guide the selection of appropriate regimens. We assessed the preexisting cellular immunity against prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in untreated prostate cancer patients and healthy controls through measurement of the phenotype and function of CD8(+) T cells. Our data show that the majority of healthy men possess functional PSA-specific CD8(+) T cells in contrast to cancer patients, where <50 % showed a CD8(+) T cell response. PSA146-154-specific CD8(+) T cells of these patients had a higher expression of the activation marker CD38 and the exhaustion marker Tim-3, indicating that PSA-specific cells are exhausted. The heterogeneity of the CD8(+) T cell response against PSA in prostate cancer patients may influence their response to therapy and is a factor to be taken into account while designing and selecting treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sada Japp
- Regenerative Immunology and Aging, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, CVK Charité University Medicine, Föhrerstr. 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Alper Kursunel
- Regenerative Immunology and Aging, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, CVK Charité University Medicine, Föhrerstr. 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Meier
- Regenerative Immunology and Aging, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, CVK Charité University Medicine, Föhrerstr. 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia N Mälzer
- Regenerative Immunology and Aging, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, CVK Charité University Medicine, Föhrerstr. 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiangdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology China, Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nafis A Rahman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Waltraut Jekabsons
- Department of Urology, Charité University Medicine, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Krause
- Department of Urology, Charité University Medicine, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmed Magheli
- Department of Urology, Charité University Medicine, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Klopf
- Department of Urology, Charité University Medicine, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Thiel
- Regenerative Immunology and Aging, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, CVK Charité University Medicine, Föhrerstr. 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Frentsch
- Regenerative Immunology and Aging, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, CVK Charité University Medicine, Föhrerstr. 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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Klinger M, Banasik M. Immunological characteristics of the elderly allograft recipient. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2015; 29:219-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Crespo E, Lucia M, Cruzado JM, Luque S, Melilli E, Manonelles A, Lloberas N, Torras J, Grinyó JM, Bestard O. Pre-transplant donor-specific T-cell alloreactivity is strongly associated with early acute cellular rejection in kidney transplant recipients not receiving T-cell depleting induction therapy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117618. [PMID: 25689405 PMCID: PMC4331510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Preformed T-cell immune-sensitization should most likely impact allograft outcome during the initial period after kidney transplantation, since donor-specific memory T-cells may rapidly recognize alloantigens and activate the effector immune response, which leads to allograft rejection. However, the precise time-frame in which acute rejection is fundamentally triggered by preformed donor-specific memory T cells rather than by de novo activated naïve T cells is still to be established. Here, preformed donor-specific alloreactive T-cell responses were evaluated using the IFN-γ ELISPOT assay in a large consecutive cohort of kidney transplant patients (n = 90), to assess the main clinical variables associated with cellular sensitization and its predominant time-frame impact on allograft outcome, and was further validated in an independent new set of kidney transplant recipients (n = 67). We found that most highly T-cell sensitized patients were elderly patients with particularly poor HLA class-I matching, without any clinically recognizable sensitizing events. While one-year incidence of all types of biopsy-proven acute rejection did not differ between T-cell alloreactive and non-alloreactive patients, Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis indicated the first two months after transplantation as the highest risk time period for acute cellular rejection associated with baseline T-cell sensitization. This effect was particularly evident in young and highly alloreactive individuals that did not receive T-cell depletion immunosuppression. Multivariate analysis confirmed preformed T-cell sensitization as an independent predictor of early acute cellular rejection. In summary, monitoring anti-donor T-cell sensitization before transplantation may help to identify patients at increased risk of acute cellular rejection, particularly in the early phases after kidney transplantation, and thus guide decision-making regarding the use of induction therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Crespo
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Lucia
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Cruzado
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Renal Transplant Unit, Nephrology department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Luque
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edoardo Melilli
- Renal Transplant Unit, Nephrology department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Manonelles
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Renal Transplant Unit, Nephrology department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Lloberas
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Torras
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Renal Transplant Unit, Nephrology department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Grinyó
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Renal Transplant Unit, Nephrology department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Bestard
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Renal Transplant Unit, Nephrology department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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