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Fu B, Wang Y, Zhang X, Lang B, Zhou X, Xu X, Zeng T, Liu W, Zhang X, Guo J, Wang G. MiR-221-induced PUMA silencing mediates immune evasion of bladder cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1169-80. [PMID: 25585941 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune evasion of cancer cells is mainly due to the impaired transduction of apoptotic signals from immune cells to cancer cells, as well as inhibition of subsequent apoptosis signal cascades within the cancer cells. Over the past few decades, the research has focused more on the impaired transduction of the apoptotic signal from immune cells to cancer cells, rather than inhibition of the intracellular signaling pathways. In this study, miR‑221 inhibitor was transfected into bladder cancer cell lines 5637, J82 and T24 to repress the expression of miR‑221. As a result, the repression of miR‑221 on p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) was abolished, resulting in increased expression of the pro-apoptotic Bax and reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, which promotes apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF-C were reduced, resulting in reduced invasiveness and infiltration capability of bladder cancer cells, thereby inhibiting the immune evasion of bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiali Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China
| | - Bin Lang
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao 999078, P.R. China
| | - Xiaocheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Medical College of Jiujiang University, Jiangxi, Jiujiang 332000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Jiangxi Provincil People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China
| | - Weipeng Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Ju Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China
| | - Gongxian Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China
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Gao Y, Kazama H, Yonehara S. Bim regulates B-cell receptor-mediated apoptosis in the presence of CD40 signaling in CD40-pre-activated splenic B cells differentiating into plasma cells. Int Immunol 2012; 24:283-92. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxr127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Maruyama S, Akasaka T, Yamada K, Tachibana H. Protein-bound polysaccharide-K (PSK) directly enhanced IgM production in the human B cell line BALL-1. Biomed Pharmacother 2008; 63:409-12. [PMID: 18848763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2008.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-bound polysaccharide-K (PSK) prepared from the basidiomycete Coriolus versicolor has been used as a biological response modifier for the treatment of cancer patients. Many studies describing the immunomodulatory effects and direct anti-cancer effects of PSK have been reported. Most of studies describing the immunomodulatory effects focused on cellular immunity, although there were several studies which focused on humoral immunity where PSK was shown to be able to induce antibody production in vivo. However, even in these humoral immunity studies, it is thought that the enhancement of antibody production was due to the activation of cellular immunity. In this study, we investigated the direct effect of PSK on B cells and discovered that PSK was able to enhance IgM production in the human B cell line BALL-1. Furthermore, BALL-1 was shown to have the characteristic features of B-1a cells, which are independently involved in the primary immune response. These results show that there is a possibility that PSK directly acts on B cells and simultaneously enhances both humoral immunity and cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjiro Maruyama
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Moriyama H, Yonehara S. Rapid up-regulation of c-FLIP expression by BCR signaling through the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibits simultaneously induced Fas-mediated apoptosis in murine B lymphocytes. Immunol Lett 2007; 109:36-46. [PMID: 17275920 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2006.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 12/26/2006] [Accepted: 12/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linking of BCR rapidly induces protection of B cells from Fas-mediated apoptosis, which has been assumed one of the important survival mechanisms of B cells during antigen stimulation. In the mouse B cell line A20, which is sensitive to Fas-mediated apoptosis, stimulation of BCR inhibited apoptosis induced via Fas upstream of caspase-8 activation with an associated rapid increase in the expression of both short and long forms of cellular caspase-8/FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). The c-FLIP competitively inhibited the recruitment of caspase-8 to the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), which took as long as 3h to form after the stimulation of Fas in A20 cells. Knockdown of c-FLIP by a short hairpin RNA-expressing method rendered BCR-stimulated A20 cells sensitive to Fas-mediated apoptosis. The BCR-induced rapid expression of c-FLIP was not affected by inactivation of NF-kappaB, but was inhibited by either treatment with a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, or expression of a dominant negative PI3K p85 subunit, both of which suppressed phosphorylation of Akt and sensitized BCR-stimulated A20 cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt was shown not only to up-regulate c-FLIP expression but also to render A20 cells resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, treatment with LY294002 also suppressed BCR-induced up-regulation of c-FLIP expression in spleen B cells. Taken together, BCR-stimulation was shown to rapidly trigger a survival signal against simultaneously or ongoingly stimulated Fas-mediated apoptosis by promoting a PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-mediated up-regulation of c-FLIP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Moriyama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, SCRB/Building G, Yoshida Konoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Tsubata T. Molecular mechanisms for apoptosis induced by signaling through the B cell antigen receptor. Int Rev Immunol 2002; 20:791-803. [PMID: 11913950 DOI: 10.3109/08830180109045590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) transmits survival and activation signals, BCR ligation can induce apoptosis in both immature and mature B cells. BCR-mediated apoptosis is suggested to play a role in self-tolerance by deleting self-reactive B cells. Generation of an apoptotic signal through BCR appears to depend on the composition of the higher order BCR complex and is suggested to occur outside the plasma membrane microdomains, termed lipid rafts. During BCR-mediated apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction is induced and is essential for apoptosis, probably by activating both caspases, cysteine proteases that play a central role in apoptosis, and caspase-independent effectors for apoptosis. Although signaling pathways for apoptosis are not yet fully defined in BCR-mediated apoptosis, expression of the proto-oncogene product c-Myc is enhanced upon BCR ligation, and c-Myc appears to mediate BCR ligation-induced apoptosis by causing mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that BCR-mediated apoptosis is a form of Myc-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
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Wieder T, Essmann F, Prokop A, Schmelz K, Schulze-Osthoff K, Beyaert R, Dörken B, Daniel PT. Activation of caspase-8 in drug-induced apoptosis of B-lymphoid cells is independent of CD95/Fas receptor-ligand interaction and occurs downstream of caspase-3. Blood 2001; 97:1378-87. [PMID: 11222383 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.5.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of caspase-8, a crucial upstream mediator of death receptor signaling, was investigated in epirubicin- and Taxol-induced apoptosis of B-lymphoma cells. This study was performed because the CD95/Fas receptor-ligand interaction, recruitment of the Fas-associated death domain (FADD) adaptor protein, and subsequent activation of procaspase-8 have been implicated in the execution of drug-induced apoptosis in other cell types. Indeed, active caspase-8 was readily detected after treatment of mature and immature B-lymphoid cells with epirubicin or Taxol. However, neither constitutive nor drug-induced expression of the CD95/Fas ligand was detectable in B-lymphoma cells. Furthermore, overexpression of a dominant-negative FADD mutant (FADDdn) did not block caspase-8 processing and subsequent DNA fragmentation, indicating that drug-induced caspase-8 activation was mediated by a CD95/Fas-independent mechanism. Instead, caspase-8 cleavage was slightly preceded by activation of caspase-3, suggesting that drug-induced caspase-8 activation in B-lymphoma cells is a downstream event mediated by other caspases. This assumption was confirmed in 2 experimental systems-zDEVD-fmk, a cell-permeable inhibitor of caspase-3-like activity, blocked drug-induced caspase-8 cleavage, and depletion of caspase-3 from cell extracts impaired caspase-8 cleavage after in vitro activation with dATP and cytochrome c. Thus, these data indicate that drug-induced caspase-8 activation in B-lymphoma cells is independent of death receptor signaling and is mediated by postmitochondrial caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, University Medical Center Charité, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
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