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Sima C, Viniegra A, Glogauer M. Macrophage immunomodulation in chronic osteolytic diseases-the case of periodontitis. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:473-487. [PMID: 30452781 PMCID: PMC6386606 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ru0818-310r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a chronic osteolytic disease that shares pathogenic inflammatory features with other conditions associated with nonresolving inflammation. A hallmark of PD is inflammation-mediated alveolar bone loss. Myeloid cells, in particular polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and macrophages (Mac), are essential players in PD by control of gingival biofilm pathogenicity, activation of adaptive immunity, as well as nonresolving inflammation and collateral tissue damage. Despite mounting evidence of significant innate immune implications to PD progression and healing after therapy, myeloid cell markers and targets for immune modulation have not been validated for clinical use. The remarkable plasticity of monocytes/Mac in response to local activation factors enables these cells to play central roles in inflammation and restoration of tissue homeostasis and provides opportunities for biomarker and therapeutic target discovery for management of chronic inflammatory conditions, including osteolytic diseases such as PD and arthritis. Along a wide spectrum of activation states ranging from proinflammatory to pro-resolving, Macs respond to environmental changes in a site-specific manner in virtually all tissues. This review summarizes the existing evidence on Mac immunomodulation therapies for osteolytic diseases in the broader context of conditions associated with nonresolving inflammation, and discusses osteoimmune implications of Macs in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Sima
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana Viniegra
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Zadsirjan V, Mahdizadeh SJ, Heravi MM, Heydari M. Synthesis of novel N-functionalized 4-aryl-tetrahydrobiquinoline-2,5-(1H,3H)-diones via one-pot three-component reaction: a joint experimental and computational study. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of N-functionalized 4-aryl-tetrahydrobiquinoline-2,5-(1H,3H)-diones were synthesized in high yields by a one-pot three-component reaction involving 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehydes, Meldrum’s acid, and enaminones (dimedone-based enaminones) in the presence of K2CO3 in CH3CN under reflux condition. To gain a deep insight on the mechanism of the reaction, an extensive series of quantum mechanics calculations in the framework of density functional theory (DFT) were carried out for supporting the suggested reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Majid M. Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masumeh Heydari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Thakur V, Sharma D, Das P. Ethyl 3-(2,4-dioxocyclohexyl)propanoate as a novel precursor for N-substituted 4,4a,5,6-tetrahydroquinoline-2,7(1H,3H)-diones and their corresponding 3,4-dihydro-7-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-ones and 7-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-ones synthesis. Mol Divers 2015; 20:29-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Jiang B, Liang YB, Kong LF, Tu XJ, Hao WJ, Ye Q, Tu SJ. Highly diastereoselective synthesis of quinoline-2,5-diones and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6(7H)-ones under microwave irradiation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10096d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new and flexible three-component reaction has been established for the highly diastereoselective synthesis of bicyclic hexahydroquinoline-2,5-diones and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6(7H)-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Bo Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li-Fang Kong
- Department of Basic Teaching
- Air Force Logistic Academy
- Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jun Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qin Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou, P. R. China
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5
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Yao C, Jiao W, Xiao Z, Liu R, Li T, Yu C. NHC-catalyzed cascade synthesis of 1-substituted 4-aryl-tetrahydroquinoline-2,5-diones. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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6
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Harishkumar HN, Hulikal VK, Mahadevan KM. Aqueous Synthesis ofN-Phenyl/alkyl-2-quinolinone-3-carboxylic Acids from Coumarin-3-carboxylic Acids. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903399690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Tu S, Zhu X, Zhang J, Xu J, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Jia R, Jiang B, Zhang J, Yao C. New potential biologically active compounds: Design and an efficient synthesis of N-substituted 4-aryl-4,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-2,5(1H,3H)-diones under microwave irradiation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:2925-8. [PMID: 16563758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Revised: 02/20/2006] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-substituted 4-aryl-4,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-2,5(1H,3H)-diones were synthesized through a rapid one-pot four-component reaction under microwave irradiation. The method has the advantages of excellent yields (82-96%) and short reaction time (4-9 min). We provide new series of potential biologically active compounds for biomedical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiang Tu
- Department of Chemistry, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Medical Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, PR China.
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8
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Peltoniemi J, Broberg EK, Nygårdas M, Erälinna JP, Waris M, Hukkanen V. Enhancement of Th2 responses to replicative herpes simplex virus type 1 vectors by immunomodulative chemotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6:817-29. [PMID: 16546713 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2005] [Revised: 11/21/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Replicating, neuroattenuated gamma(1)34.5-deleted herpes simplex virus (HSV)-vectors are tools for experimental therapy of gliomas and autoimmune diseases. Immunomodulative treatment with Linomide (quinoline-3-carboxamide) has earlier been shown to facilitate some virus infections and reduce autoimmunity. Now we aimed at elucidating the safety of immunomodulatory therapy during infection of mice with HSV vectors. We focused on immunological and virological changes in the nervous system. BALB/c mice were infected intranasally with the HSV-1 recombinant viruses R3616, R3659 and R8306 (with mouse IL-4 transgene) and either treated with Linomide or left untreated as control groups. Treatment with Linomide was started 7 days before infection. Virological analysis consisted of viral culture and PCR for HSV DNA. Cytokine responses were studied with quantitative RT-PCR and EIA. Immunomodulatory treatment did not change the clinical course of infections. The expression of IL-4 and IL-10 in brains increased in Linomide-treated mice, particularly in infection with R8306. The expression of IL-23p19 was decreased in brains in Linomide-treated, vector-infected mice, in comparison with nontreated but virus-infected animals. Immunomodulatory treatment did not increase the viral load in brains in any of the mouse groups infected with R3616, R3659 or R8306. Immunomodulative treatment with Linomide did not compromise the safety of replicating HSV-vectors, not even the one with IL-4 transgene, suggesting that combination of immunomodulation with virotherapy may be beneficial in the treatment of certain diseases of the central nervous system. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the effects of immunomodulatory therapy in order to improve vector survival and efficacy of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Peltoniemi
- Department of Virology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 13, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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9
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He JF, Yun LH, Yang RF, Xiao ZY, Cheng JP, Zhou WX, Zhang YX. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 4-hydro-quinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives as an immunomodulator. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:2980-5. [PMID: 15908212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2005] [Revised: 04/11/2005] [Accepted: 04/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel quinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their immunomodulatory activity. The compounds were tested in vitro for effects on spleen lymphocyte proliferation and TNF-alpha production by macrophage. Three compounds showed immunomodulatory profiles similar to and more potent than those of linomide and FR137316 and were selected for further pharmacological studies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng He
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
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Peltoniemi J, Broberg EK, Halenius A, Setala N, Eralinna JP, Salmi AA, Roytta M, Hukkanen V. Immunomodulation by roquinimex decreases the expression of IL-23 (p19) mRNA in the brains of herpes simplex virus type 1 infected BALB/c mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 137:305-12. [PMID: 15270847 PMCID: PMC1809122 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common neurotropic virus which infects epithelial cells and subsequently the trigeminal ganglia (TG) and brain tissue. We studied how immunomodulation with roquinimex (Linomide) affects the course of corneal HSV infection in BALB/c mice. BALB/c mice have also been used in a model for HSV-based vectors in treating an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). We addressed the questions of how immunomodulation affects the local as well as the systemic immune response and whether roquinimex could facilitate the spread of HSV to the CNS. The cytokine response in the brain and TG was studied using a quantitative rapid real-time RT-PCR method. We were interested in whether immunomodulation affects the expression of the recently described Th1-cytokine IL-23p19 in the brain and TG. The expression of IL-23 mRNA was decreased in brains of roquinimex-treated BALB/c mice. Also the expression of IL-12p35 and IFN-gamma mRNAs decreased. No significant changes were seen in IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA expression. The cytokine response was also studied using supernatants of stimulated splenocytes by EIA. Roquinimex treatment suppressed the production of IFN-gamma and also the production of IL-10 in HSV-infected BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peltoniemi
- Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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11
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Moore DJ, Huang X, Lee MK, Lian MM, Chiaccio M, Chen H, Koeberlein B, Zhong R, Markmann JF, Deng S. Resistance to anti-CD45RB-induced tolerance in NOD mice: mechanisms involved. Transpl Int 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2004.tb00440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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An efficient route from coumarins to highly functionalized N-phenyl-2-quinolinones via Buchwald–Hartwig amination. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Dahlén E, Dawe K, Ohlsson L, Hall H, Hedse K, Annersten K, Aström M, Gross DJ, Hedlund G. Linomide inhibits insulitis and modulates cytokine production in pancreatic islets in the nonobese diabetic mouse. Int Immunopharmacol 2003; 3:17-30. [PMID: 12538031 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(02)00137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Linomide is an immunomodulator which has been shown to potently inhibit autoimmunity in several animal models for human autoimmune diseases, including type I diabetes in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse. In this study, we investigate the basis for Linomide's protective effects in the NOD mouse by immunohistochemical and RT-PCR analysis of the phenotype and cytokine expression by cells infiltrating the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Linomide treatment was found to reduce the infiltration of T cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DC) and MHC class II(+) cells into the islets, but did not reduce macrophage (MPhi) infiltration. This was seen following Linomide treatment at 3-5, 4-8 and 14-24 weeks of age and thus appears to be independent of the stage of the autoreactive process and the extent of insulitis. The reduced insulitis may be due to reduced expression of adhesion molecules since decreased numbers of islet-associated blood vessels expressing CD106 and MAdCAM-1 were detected following Linomide treatment. Furthermore, short term Linomide treatment (3 or 7 days), which did not alter the number of infiltrating cells, was found to inhibit the production of TNF-alpha which is known to induce the expression of CD106 and MAdCAM-1. These results suggest that the reduced insulitis observed in Linomide-treated animals is secondary to a functional modulation of infiltrating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Dahlén
- Active Biotech Research AB, Box 724, SE-220 07 Lund, Sweden
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14
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Peltoniemi J, Setälä N, Broberg E, Röyttä M, Hukkanen V, Salmi AA, Erälinna JP. Semliki Forest virus infection is enhanced in Th1-prone SJL mice but not in Th2-prone BALB/c mice during Linomide-induced immunomodulation. J Neuroimmunol 2002; 132:83-92. [PMID: 12417437 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(02)00312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Linomide (quinoline-3-carboxamide) is an immunomodulator with diverse effects on the immune system. Its beneficial effects on experimental autoimmune disease models have been linked to downregulation of Th1 cytokines and altered macrophage functions. We studied this effect of downregulation of Th1-type of immune response on Semliki Forest A7 virus infection in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) susceptible Th1-prone SJL mice and in EAE-resistant Th2-prone BALB/c mice. We aimed at addressing the target-cell population of Linomide responsible for this Th1 downregulation. Treatment with Linomide led to increased virus infection in brain and this effect coincided with decreased production of IL-12 and IFN-gamma from stimulated spleen cells in SJL mice. In contrast, IL-12 and IFN-gamma expression were increased in Linomide-treated BALB/c mice. Treatment of infected SJL mice resulted in decreased percentage of CD11b+ and CD11c+ cells. Thus, the target cell population of Linomide may be antigen-presenting cells (APC) which are considered as candidates for regulatory cells of Th1/Th2 balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peltoniemi
- Department of Virology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 13, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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Weiss L, Barak V, Zeira M, Abdul-Hai A, Raibstein I, Reich S, Hirschfeld E, Gross D, Slavin S. Cytokine production in Linomide-treated nod mice and the potential role of a Th (1)/Th(2) shift on autoimmune and anti-inflammatory processes. Cytokine 2002; 19:85-93. [PMID: 12182843 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.2002.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Linomide prevents the development of autoimmune insulitis and insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus in female NOD mice. Linomide prevents development of autoimmune manifestations in other experimentally induced and spontaneous autoimmune diseases as well, but the mechanism of action is unknown. The present report summarizes our investigations on the effect of Linomide on different functional T cell subsets in NOD mice analyzed according to their cytokine profile. Supernatants from cultured splenocytes and peritoneal cells taken from Linomide-treated mice contained lower levels of TNFalpha, IL-1 beta, IFN gamma and IL-12 versus higher levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 in comparison with supernatants from cultures of untreated mice. Our results suggest that regulation of autoimmunity following oral Linomide administration in NOD mice induces a shift from Th(1) to Th(2) phenotype response, thereby preventing the development of diabetes by active cytokine-induced immunoregulation of T cell subsets, including downregulation of Th(1) and upregulation of Th(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Weiss
- Departments of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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Gross DJ, Weiss L, Reibstein I, Hedlund G, Dahlén E, Rapoport MJ, Slavin S. The immunomodulator Linomide: role in treatment and prevention of autoimmune diabetes mellitus. Int Immunopharmacol 2001; 1:1131-9. [PMID: 11407307 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is considered to be an autoimmune disorder characterized by destruction of the pancreatic beta-cells by auto-reacting lymphocytes. An attractive therapeutic approach to this disease would be to abrogate the autoimmune process at an early stage, thus preserving a critical mass of pancreatic beta-cells necessary for maintenance of normal glucose tolerance. Linomide (quinoline-3-carboxamide, Roquinimex, LS 2616), is a novel, orally absorbed, immunomodulatory drug that has been shown to be effective in various models of autoimmunity without causing non-specific immunosuppression. In this review, we describe the efficacy of Linomide for ameliorating the autoimmune process and diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) model of IDDM when administered at early stages of the disease. We also show that advanced disease in the NOD mouse can be treated effectively by combining Linomide with therapeutic modalities designed to increase pancreatic beta-cell mass. Subsequent clinical studies have shown that Linomide preserves beta-cell function in individuals with new-onset IDDM. Based on these data, Linomide or derivatives thereof might be useful for treatment of human IDDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Gross
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah University Hospital, P.O. Box 12000, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Hedlund G, Link H, Zhu J, Xiao BG. Effects of Linomide on immune cells and cytokines inhibit autoimmune pathologies of the central and peripheral nervous system. Int Immunopharmacol 2001; 1:1123-30. [PMID: 11407306 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Linomide (roquinimex, LS 2616) is a quinoline-3-carboxamide with pleiotropic immune modulating capacity and it has therapeutic effects in several experimental animal models of autoimmune diseases. Linomide has been evaluated in clinical trials for multiple sclerosis, and was indeed shown to have disease inhibitory effects. However, due to unexpected side effects recorded in patients treated with Linomide, premature termination of clinical trials was required. The basic mechanism(s) of action of Linomide in inducing beneficial effects in autoimmune diseases is still elusive. Some experimental evidence indicates that Linomide influences the regulation of the cytokine profile, resulting in the inhibition of autoimmune and inflammation pathologies. This review focuses on Linomide applied in models for autoimmune and inflammation pathologies of the central and the peripheral nervous system, and summarises its very encouraging disease inhibitory effects and their potential pharmacological basis. The beneficial effects recorded with Linomide in both experimental and clinical trials emphasise the possible value of substances with Linomide-like activity for clinical use in autoimmune and inflammation pathologies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hedlund
- Active Biotech Research AB, Box 724, S-220 07 Lund, Sweden.
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