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Sain N, Hooda V, Singh A, Gupta S, Arava S, Sharma A. Macrophage inhibitory factor alters the functionality of macrophages and their involvement in disease pathogenesis of active generalized vitiligo patients. Cytokine 2024; 176:156516. [PMID: 38340551 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In autoimmune dermatitis patients, a macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is widely used to determine the severity of the diseases with other clinical parameters. Moreover, in vitiligo, MIF has shown significant positive correlation with the VASI (Vitiligo Area Scoring Index) score of both generalized and localized vitiligo patients. MIF function as pro-inflammatory cytokine and inhibited random migration of macrophages from inflammation loci. Hence, activated macrophage infiltrates promote the diseases pathogenesis. Till date, macrophages and involvement of their secreted MIF in disease severity of vitiligo patients remains undetermined. MATERIAL AND METHOD The frequency of both M1 and M2 macrophages was evaluated in active GV patients (n = 20) using flow cytometry in blood and in tissues by confocal microscopy (n = 10). Relative m-RNA expression and cytokine profiling of pro and anti-inflammatory mediators were estimated in PBMCs and in serum of patients. Lastly, concentration of nitric oxide and phagocytic activity from macrophages of active patients were calculated to understand the diseases pathology in detail. RESULT Both in circulation as well as in tissues, the infiltration of M1 macrophages was increased in active GV patients, while the percentage of M2 macrophages was comparable to healthy tissues. Aberrant expression of pro and anti-inflammatory molecules including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12 and MIF impair the cellular hemostasis and induce systematic inflammation. Elevated nitric oxide and higher phagocytic activity of macrophages enhanced the destruction and/or depigmentation of melanocytes causing vitiligo. CONCLUSION Elevated macrophages in both tissue and blood enhanced the secretion of MIF and other inflammatory mediators that further enforce the production of nitric oxide, activation and phagocytic activity of macrophages against melanocytes and melanocytes antigens. As a result, destruction of melanocytes and melanin production occurred and caused the depigmentation and/or white macules on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Sain
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishakha Hooda
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashu Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Somesh Gupta
- Department of Dermatology & Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudheer Arava
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Tirana R, Othman D, Gad D, Elsadek M, Fahmy MAB. Pigmentary complications after non-medical male circumcision. BMC Urol 2022; 22:50. [PMID: 35379191 PMCID: PMC8981744 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-022-00999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A wide spectrum of complications are reported after male circumcision (MC), the non-aesthetic complications are well known, but the pigmentary complications scale are not reported precisely. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of 550 circumcised boys; aged from 6 months to 14 years (62% aged 5 years) who were examined and appropriately investigated for the incidence of pigmentary complications after circumcision. Most diagnoses were clinically, but dermoscopy was done for 17 case and a skin biopsy for 14 cases. Patients with personal or family history of vitiligo, or congenital nevi were excluded. Available hospital records details and parents' statements were revised. The main outcome measures are the incidence of different pigmentary complications and circumcision details; data were analyzed by a non-parametric tests including the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS 69 cases had 72 confirmed pigmentary complications discovered at 2-36 months after commencement of circumcision (mean 18). 48 cases had pigmentary complications directly related to MC, 11 cases were probably related and 10 unrelated to MC. The most common lesion is the circular hyperpigmented scar (29 cases); liner hyperpigmented scar in 13, spotted exogenous melanosis in 18 cases, melanocytic nevi (7), hypopigmentation diagnosed in 3 cases, but kissing nevus is the rarest finding (2). Topical corticosteroid was tried in 15 cases, surgical excision of pigmented scar were done for 19 cases, local laser used for 4 resistant cases and reassurance with follow up for the rest. CONCLUSION Pigmentary complications after male circumcision are not rare and its management is challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Tirana
- Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine for Girls, 21 Ibrahium Anes St, Al Nozha, Cairo, 11834, Egypt
| | - Doa Othman
- Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine for Girls, 21 Ibrahium Anes St, Al Nozha, Cairo, 11834, Egypt
| | - Dalia Gad
- Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine for Girls, 21 Ibrahium Anes St, Al Nozha, Cairo, 11834, Egypt
| | - Menan Elsadek
- Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine for Girls, 21 Ibrahium Anes St, Al Nozha, Cairo, 11834, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Baky Fahmy
- Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine for Girls, 21 Ibrahium Anes St, Al Nozha, Cairo, 11834, Egypt.
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Faraj S, Kemp EH, Gawkrodger DJ. Patho-immunological mechanisms of vitiligo: the role of the innate and adaptive immunities and environmental stress factors. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 207:27-43. [PMID: 35020865 PMCID: PMC8802175 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal melanocyte loss in vitiligo, triggered by stresses ranging from trauma to emotional stress, chemical exposure or metabolite imbalance, to the unknown, can stimulate oxidative stress in pigment cells, which secrete damage-associated molecular patterns that then initiate innate immune responses. Antigen presentation to melanocytes leads to stimulation of autoreactive T-cell responses, with further targeting of pigment cells. Studies show a pathogenic basis for cellular stress, innate immune responses and adaptive immunity in vitiligo. Improved understanding of the aetiological mechanisms in vitiligo has already resulted in successful use of the Jak inhibitors in vitiligo. In this review, we outline the current understanding of the pathological mechanisms in vitiligo and locate loci to which therapeutic attack might be directed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Faraj
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - David John Gawkrodger
- Department of Infection, Immunology and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Shehata WA, Maraee A, Mehesin M, Tayel N, Azmy R. Genetic polymorphism of liver X receptor gene in vitiligo: Does it have an association? J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:1906-1914. [PMID: 33031595 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentation of the skin and the mucous membranes, exhibited as white macules and patches due to selective loss of melanocytes. Etiological theories of vitiligo include genetic, immunological, neurohormonal, cytotoxic, biochemical, oxidative stress, and newer theories of melanocytorrhagy and diminished melanocytes survival. It has been revealed that liver X receptor alpha gene is expressed in skin tissue such as sebaceous glands, hair follicle, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts and is linked to various skin disorders as acne vulgaris and psoriasis. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the association between liver X receptor-α gene polymorphism (rs11039155 and rs2279238) and vitiligo and whether they are related to disease activity and severity or not. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 50 vitiligo patients and 20 age- and sex-matched apparently healthy controls were enrolled. All the included subjects were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis technique for (-6G/A) and (+1257C/T) SNPs. RESULTS Significant statistical difference between cases and controls regarding genotype and allele frequencies for -6G/A polymorphism with predominance of AA genotype (OR: 5.1, 95% CI: 1.6-15.9) and A allele (OR: 5.3, 95% CI: 1.6-15.9) in cases and also for +1257C/T polymorphism with predominance of TT genotype OR: 9.2 (95% CI: 1.4-82.9) and T allele OR: 3.4 (95% CI: 1.4-8.1) in vitiligo cases. No significant relationship between -6G/A genotypes nor +1257C/T genotypes and disease activity and severity. CONCLUSION The study showed significant association between Liver X receptor gene polymorphisms (-6G/A, +1257 C/T) and development of vitiligo in Egyptian patients. However, it failed to show any relation with disease activity nor severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Shehata
- Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Alaa Maraee
- Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mehesin
- General Practitioner in Health Sector, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Nermin Tayel
- Lecturer of Molecular Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Molecular Diagnostics & Therapeutics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Sadat, Egypt
| | - Rania Azmy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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Doghaim NN, El-Tatawy RA, Ismail MA, Ali DAM, El Attar YA. Study the effect of erbium:YAG laser plus topical 5-flurouracil in stable vitiligo resistant to NB-UVB phototherapy. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:122-130. [PMID: 31571367 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NB-UVB phototherapy is still an effective treatment in vitiligo but requires more than 1 year for its completion. Topical 5-flurouracil could improve the proliferation and migration of melanocytes. Laser-assisted dermabrasion results in stimulation of the inactive melanocytes present at the outer root sheath of the lower portion of the hair follicle, which migrates upward until they reach the surface of the skin. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser skin ablation followed by topical 5-flurouracil on the outcome of NB-UVB phototherapy as a short term technique in resistant and stable vitiligo. METHODS The current study included 40 patients suffering from bilateral stable vitiligo resistant to NB-UVB. For each patient, one side of the body subjected to 4 months NB-UVB sessions (control side). While the other side of the body subjected to one session of Er:YAG laser ablation combined with topical 5% 5-flurouracil application under occlusion followed by NB-UVB sessions for 4 months after complete re-epithelization. Outcomes were evaluated objectively based on standard digital photographs, histopathological examination, patient satisfaction, and adverse effects. RESULTS There was a statistically significant improvement in the repigmentation in laser side compared with control side. Histopathological examination revealed expression of prominent melanin pigmentation, with marked expression for Melan-A in laser side, whereas these findings were negative in control side. CONCLUSION Er:YAG laser ablation, followed by 5FU application before NB-UVB phototherapy for vitiligo, is a safe and tolerable technique that improves the outcome of short-term NB-UVB therapy and is expected to increase patient compliance.
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Li L, Ma Q, Li H. Effect of vitiligo treatment using compound glycyrrhizin combined with fractional carbon dioxide laser and topical triamcinolone acetonide on serum interleukin-17 and tissue growth factor- β levels. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:5623-5631. [PMID: 31550958 PMCID: PMC6862872 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519871382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Vitiligo is a common pigmentation disorder of the skin, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. We evaluated the effectiveness of compound glycyrrhizin combined with fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and triamcinolone acetonide solution in patients with vitiligo. Methods Patients with stable vitiligo treated at our hospital between May 2016 and August 2017 were randomized to a control group or an observation group. Both groups were treated with fractional CO2 laser and triamcinolone acetonide solution, while the observation group also received compound glycyrrhizin. Clinical effectiveness, serum IL-17 and TGF-β levels, and adverse drug reactions were compared between the groups. Results Following treatment, the clinical effective rate was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (75.00% vs. 52.50%). Furthermore, IL-17 decreased in both groups but was significantly lower in the observation group, while TGF-β increased in both groups but was significantly higher in the observation group. The incidence of adverse drug reactions was not significantly different between the groups. Conclusion Compound glycyrrhizin in combination with fractional CO2 laser and triamcinolone acetonide solution can be used to treat vitiligo and appears to modulate cytokine levels. Trial registration: Hebei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (no. 2019366; http://www.hebwst.gov.cn/index.do?templet=cs_zyj)
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Dermatology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Qiushuang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Zhang Y, Lin H, Guo X, Zou X. A case series pilot study on the combination of 5-aminolevulinic acid and photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) for treatment of vitiligo. An Bras Dermatol 2018; 93:539-545. [PMID: 30066761 PMCID: PMC6063098 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20187014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the effective therapeutic concentration, drug application duration, irradiation duration and irradiation dosage of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) for treating vitiligo and observe its clinical efficacy. OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical efficacy of ALA-PDT for treating vitiligo. METHODS ALA with different drug concentrations, drug application durations, irradiation durations and irradiation dosages were adopted to treat skin lesions caused by vitiligo to determine the effective drug concentration, drug application duration, irradiation duration and irradiation dosage for treating three vitiligo volunteers and observe the therapeutic results. RESULTS The clinical trial suggested that ALA at a drug concentration of 1.5%, drug application duration for 3 hours, irradiation dosage of 80mw/cm2 and irradiation duration for 20 min was effective in treating vitiligo. Under these parameters, ALA-PDT was effective to the three vitiligo volunteers, with mild pain and feeling of burning but no other adverse reaction during treatment. STUDY LIMITATIONS Due to the small sample size in this study for the effectiveness of PDT in treating vitiligo and the potential variations in the efficacy for treating the disease at different areas, further studies shall be conducted for confirmation. CONCLUSIONS ALA with a drug concentration at 1.5%, drug application duration for 3 hours, irradiation dosage of 80 mw/cm2 and irradiation duration for 20 min is effective in treating vitiligo. Therefore, ALA-PDT is safe and effective in treating the disease, with minor adverse events, providing a new method for treating vitiligo in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- YunJie Zhang
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital of PLA
General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital of PLA
General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoJuan Guo
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital of PLA
General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - XianBiao Zou
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital of PLA
General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Vaccaro M, Irrera N, Cutroneo G, Rizzo G, Vaccaro F, Anastasi GP, Borgia F, Cannavò SP, Altavilla D, Squadrito F. Differential Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms nNOS and iNOS in Patients with Non-Segmental Generalized Vitiligo. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122533. [PMID: 29186858 PMCID: PMC5751136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in several biological processes, but its role in human melanogenesis is still not well understood. Exposure to UVA and UVB induces nitric oxide production in keratinocytes and melanocytes through the activation of constitutive nitric oxide synthase, increasing tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis, whereas inducible nitric oxide synthase over expression might be involved in hypopigmentary disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression were modified in vitiligo skin compared to healthy controls. Skin biopsies were obtained from inflammatory/lesional and white/lesional skin in 12 patients with active, non-segmental vitiligo; site-matched biopsies of normal skin from eight patients were used as controls. Nitric oxide synthase isoforms expression was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and Western Blot analysis. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression was significantly increased in inflammatory/lesional skin compared to healthy skin; melanocytes showed a moderate neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression in white/lesional skin, demonstrating that metabolic function still goes on. The obtained data demonstrated that vitiligo lesions were characterized by modifications of nitric oxide synthase isoforms, thus confirming the hypothesis that nitric oxide imbalance is involved in vitiligo and supporting the idea that nitric oxide synthase inhibitors might be used as a possible therapeutic approach for the management of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Cutroneo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morpho-Functional Images, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Federico Vaccaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morpho-Functional Images, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe P Anastasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morpho-Functional Images, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Serafinella P Cannavò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morpho-Functional Images, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy.
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Mohamed ES, Said EA, Sayed DS, Awad SM, Ahmed MH. Auditory system dysfunction in patients with vitiligo: is it a part of a systemic autoimmune process? THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/ejo.ejo_6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ertaş R, Özyurt K, Avcı A, Ketenci Ertas S, Atasoy M. Case Report: Behçet's disease accompanied with vitiligo. F1000Res 2017; 6:310. [PMID: 28529705 PMCID: PMC5428486 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11025.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a few case reports and clinical studies have been published that explore the association of Behçet’s Disease (BD) and vitiligo, with conflicting results. Genetic and immunological properties of BD and presence of autoantibodies support autoimmunity, but clinical features suggest autoinflammatory diseases. BD is thought to be a cornerstone between autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. On the other hand, vitiligo has been accepted as an autoimmune disease with associations of other autoimmune disorders and there is a possible role of autoimmunity in pathogenesis of the disease. Significant advances have been made understanding the pathogenesis and genetics of BD. However, it is worth presenting rare clinical variants for improving the clinical understanding of BD. Herein, we are presenting a case with diagnosis of both Behçet’s disease and vitiligo in same patient, which is a rare occurrence. Discussion and demonstrating the association of these two diseases may give rise to understanding similar and different aspects of autoimmunity and autoinflammatory pathogenesis of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragıp Ertaş
- Dermatology Department, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, 38050, Turkey
| | - Kemal Özyurt
- Dermatology Department, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, 38050, Turkey
| | - Atıl Avcı
- Dermatology Department, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, 38050, Turkey
| | - Sule Ketenci Ertas
- Department of Rheumatology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Atasoy
- Dermatology Department, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, 38050, Turkey
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Effect of Associated Autoimmune Diseases on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Incidence and Metabolic Control in Children and Adolescents. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6219730. [PMID: 27525273 PMCID: PMC4971288 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6219730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases developing in childhood. The incidence of the disease in children increases for unknown reasons at a rate from 3 to 5% every year worldwide. The background of T1DM is associated with the autoimmune process of pancreatic beta cell destruction, which leads to absolute insulin deficiency and organ damage. Complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors contribute to the development of T1DM in genetically predisposed patients. The T1DM-inducing autoimmune process can also affect other organs, resulting in development of additional autoimmune diseases in the patient, thereby impeding diabetes control. The most common T1DM comorbidities include autoimmune thyroid diseases, celiac disease, and autoimmune gastritis; additionally, diabetes can be a component of PAS (Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome). The aim of this review is to assess the prevalence of T1DM-associated autoimmune diseases in children and adolescents and their impact on the course of T1DM. We also present suggestions concerning screening tests.
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Dey-Rao R, Sinha AA. Interactome analysis of gene expression profile reveals potential novel key transcriptional regulators of skin pathology in vitiligo. Genes Immun 2015; 17:30-45. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mu EW, Cohen BE, Orlow SJ. Early-onset childhood vitiligo is associated with a more extensive and progressive course. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 73:467-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kakleas K, Soldatou A, Karachaliou F, Karavanaki K. Associated autoimmune diseases in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:781-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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The Frequency of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Alopecia Areata and Vitiligo Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:435947. [PMID: 26355833 PMCID: PMC4555361 DOI: 10.1155/2015/435947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim. Many studies demonstrated that alopecia areata (AA) and vitiligo are commonly associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases. We aimed to investigate the frequency of thyroid dysfunctions and autoimmunity related with vitiligo and AA. Material and Methods. 200 patients, 92 AA and 108 vitiligo diagnosed, were surveyed retrospectively. The control population was in reference range and from Konya, central Anatolian region of Turkey. Thyroid function tests (free T3, free T4, and TSH) and serum thyroid autoantibody (anti-TG, anti-TPO) levels were evaluated in all patients. Results. In vitiligo patients, 9 (8.3%) had elevated anti-TG levels and 16 (14.8%) had elevated anti-TPO, and in 17 patients (15.7%) TSH levels were elevated and 3 (2.8%) patients had elevated fT4 levels and 5 (4.6%) had elevated fT3 levels. Within AA patients, 2 (2.2%) had anti-TG elevation and 13 (14.1%) had anti-TPO elevation, in 7 patients (7.6%) TSH were elevated, and in 1 patient (1.1%) fT4 were elevated and 5 (5.4%) patients had elevated fT3 levels. Conclusion. In our study, impaired thyroid functions and thyroid autoantibodies in vitiligo and AA patients were identified at lower rates than the previous studies. According to results of this study there is no need for detailed examination in alopecia areata and vitiligo patients without clinical history.
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Association of Vitiligo and Response in Patients with Metastatic Malignant Melanoma on Temozolomide. TUMORI JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.5301/tj.5000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo-like lesions, although rare, are believed to be a prognostic factor in malignant melanoma. While a predictive role for such lesions was shown with immunomodulatory therapies, this relation was not demonstrated with temozolomide. We present 3 patients with metastatic malignant melanoma who developed vitiligo-like skin lesions accompanying good response to treatment and prolonged survival. Onset of vitiligo-like lesions with temozolomide in metastatic malignant melanoma may predict long-term response for this treatment.
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The effects of calcipotriol on the dendritic morphology of human melanocytes under oxidative stress and a possible mechanism: Is it a mitochondrial protector? J Dermatol Sci 2015; 77:117-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Gopal KVT, Rao GR, Kumar YH. Increased prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus in Indian vitiligo patients: A case-control study. Indian Dermatol Online J 2014; 5:456-60. [PMID: 25396128 PMCID: PMC4228640 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5178.142493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Though it is well-known that vitiligo is associated with other autoimmune disorders, few Indian studies have focused on the relation between vitiligo, autoimmune thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 150 new cases of vitiligo and 100 age and sex-matched controls. A complete history and thorough dermatological examination was done. Serum samples from both patients and controls were collected and assayed for triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, anti-thyroid antibodies—anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin and fasting plasma glucose. Results: Thyroid hormonal profile revealed autoimmune thyroid dysfunction manifesting as hypothyroidism in 30 (20%) vitiligo patients and two controls (2%). Diabetes mellitus was present in 24 (16%) vitiligo patients and five controls. Seven (4.7%) patients had both hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: There is a clear association between vitiligo, autoimmune hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus. It would be very useful to screen for thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus in all patients with vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V T Gopal
- Department of Dermatology, Maharajah's Institute of Medical Sciences, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram District, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G Raghurama Rao
- Department of Dermatology, Surya Skin Care and Research Center, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Y Harikishan Kumar
- Department of Dermatology, MVJ Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Yang Y, Huang G, Yan X, Qing Z. Clinical Analysis of Thyroglobulin Antibody and Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody and their Association with Vitiligo. Indian J Dermatol 2014; 59:357-60. [PMID: 25071254 PMCID: PMC4103271 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.135485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, the abnormal presence of thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) has been reported in vitiligo patients, but presence of TG-Ab and TPO-Ab in patients of different ages and gender, and its association with vitiligo and thyroid autoimmunity has rarely been reported. The aim of our research was to determine whether vitiligo was associated with thyroid autoimmunity and figure out its relationship with age and gender. Materials and Methods: We analyzed TG-Ab, TPO-Ab in age and gender matched 87 vitiligo patients and 90 healthy controls, the patients of vitiligo who were positive for the presence of TG-Ab and TPO-Ab were followed up to confirm autoimmune thyroid disease subsequently. Results: Results showed that the frequencies of TG-Ab (23.0%, 20/87) positivity and TPO-AB (24.1%, 21/87) in vitiligo patients were significantly higher than that in healthy controls (P < 0.05). Moreover, The positivity for of TG-Ab and TPO-Ab was higher in 11-20-year age group and 21-40-year age group than that in age matched healthy controls. We found female patients with vitiligo had higher positive frequencies of TG-Ab and TPO-Ab than healthy female controls. (34.1% vs. 8.8% and 34.1% vs. 11.1%, P = 0.000 and P = 0.011). When 20 patients with TG-Ab and TPO-Ab positivity were followed up for three monthes, 14 of them (70%) were diagnosed as having autoimmune thyroid disease compared with age-matched healthy controls (16.7%, χ2 = 5.4, P = 0.02). Conclusion: TG-Ab and TPO-Ab are likely to be found in female teenagers with vitiligo, and are relevant with respect to subsequent development autoimmune thyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gan Huang
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Yan
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiju Qing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Lotti T, Zanardelli M, D’Erme AM. Vitiligo: what’s new in the psycho-neuro-endocrine-immune connection and related treatments. Wien Med Wochenschr 2014; 164:278-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s10354-014-0288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Gunduz K, Ozturk G, Terzioglu E, Sebik F. T Cell Subpopulations and IL-2R in Vitiligo. J Dermatol 2014; 31:94-7. [PMID: 15160861 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2004.tb00514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2003] [Accepted: 10/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunological alterations have been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of vitiligo. The aim of this study was to determine peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) in patients with vitiligo. Forty-five vitiligo patients (24 female, 21 male) and 34 healthy controls (11 female, 23 male) were included into the study. Eight (17.8%) of the patients had the segmental type, and 37 (82.2%) had generalized vitiligo. The disease was active in 25 (55.6%) patients; the other 20 (44.4%) patients had static vitiligo. Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentages of total T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, helper/inducer T cells, suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, activated T cells and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) with the use of CD3, CD19, CD4, CD8, CD16, HLA-DR and CD25 monoclonal antibodies, respectively. The mean value of helper T cells showed a significant difference (p=0.01) between the two groups with the value being 32.5% in patients and 38.1% in control subjects. CD4/CD8 was significantly lower in vitiligo patients (p=0.04). There was also a statistically significant difference in the mean percentage of activated T cells between vitiligo patients and control subjects (4.7 and 8.1, respectively; p=0.001). No statistically significant differences were found when the values were compared between segmental and generalized vitiligo patients, or between active and static cases. In conclusion, T helper/inducer cells, CD4/CD8 ratio and activated (HLA-DR+) T cells are decreased in vitiligo patients, suggesting a role for changes in cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamer Gunduz
- Department of Dermatology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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Jeon IK, Park CJ, Lee MH, Lee DY, Kang HY, Hann SK, Choi GS, Lee HJ, Kim TH, Lee AY, Oh SH. A Multicenter Collaborative Study by the Korean Society of Vitiligo about Patients' Occupations and the Provoking Factors of Vitiligo. Ann Dermatol 2014; 26:349-56. [PMID: 24966635 PMCID: PMC4069646 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2014.26.3.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It was previously thought that persons with genetic predispositions to vitiligo develop the condition after exposure to various precipitating environmental factors. However, in many cases, the aggravating factors of vitiligo have not been clearly identified. Objective To identify the aggravating factors of vitiligo in the working environment and daily life. Methods A total of 489 vitiligo patients were recruited from 10 institutions in South Korea; patients were provided with a questionnaire about environmental factors and behavior patterns in the workplace and in daily life, and their association with vitiligo. Results Ninety-five of the 470 enrolled patients (20.2%) answered that environmental risk factors in daily life and in the workplace affected the development of vitiligo. The most frequently attributed causes were trauma and burn (13.6%), followed by sunlight (12.8%), stress (12.8%), cleaning products/disinfectant/chemicals (4.9%), and hair dye (2.1%). Conclusion Vitiligo of the hand and foot was associated with frequent exposure to aggravating materials and overexposure to sunlight, along with frequent trauma of these areas, all of which could be considered important risk factors of vitiligo. The development of vitiligo could potentially be controlled through the early detection of aggravating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Kyung Jeon
- Department of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Jong Park
- Department of Dermatology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Mu-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Youn Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Young Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seung Kyung Hann
- Korea Institute of Vitiligo Research & Drs. Woo and Hann's Skin Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwang Seong Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | | | - Ai-Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University Graduate School of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ma L, Xue HB, Guan XH, Shu CM, Zhang YJ, Zhang JH, An RZ. Relationship of macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels in PBMCs, lesional skin and serum with disease severity and activity in vitiligo vulgaris. Braz J Med Biol Res 2014; 46:460-4. [PMID: 23797494 PMCID: PMC3854402 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocyte loss in vitiligo vulgaris is believed to be an autoimmune process.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is involved in many autoimmune skin
diseases. We determined the possible role of MIF in the pathogenesis of vitiligo
vulgaris, and describe the relationship between MIF expressions and disease
severity and activity. Serum MIF concentrations and mRNA levels in PBMCs were
measured in 44 vitiligo vulgaris patients and 32 normal controls, using ELISA
and real-time RT-PCR. Skin biopsies from 15 patients and 6 controls were
analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Values are reported as median (25th-75th
percentile). Serum MIF concentrations were significantly increased in patients
[35.81 (10.98-43.66) ng/mL] compared to controls [7.69
(6.01-9.03) ng/mL]. MIF mRNA levels were significantly higher in PBMCs from
patients [7.17 (3.59-8.87)] than controls [1.67
(1.23-2.42)]. There was also a significant difference in MIF mRNA levels in
PBMCs between progressive and stable patients [7.86 (5.85-9.13)
vs 4.33 (2.23-8.39)] and in serum MIF concentrations
[40.47 (27.71-46.79) vs 26.80 (10.55-36.07) ng/mL].
In addition, the vitiligo area severity index scores of patients correlated
positively with changes of both serum MIF concentrations (r = 0.488) and
MIF mRNA levels in PBMCs (r = 0.426). MIF mRNA levels were significantly
higher in lesional than in normal skin [2.43 (2.13-7.59)
vs 1.18 (0.94-1.83)] and in patients in the
progressive stage than in the stable stage [7.52 (2.43-8.84)
vs 2.13 (1.98-2.64)]. These correlations suggest that
MIF participates in the pathogenesis of vitiligo vulgaris and may be useful as
an index of disease severity and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
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Cho HR, Kim SK, Lim HK, Jeong Park H, Chung JH, Lee MH. Association study between nonsense polymorphism (rs2039381, Gln71Stop) of interferon-ε and susceptibility to vitiligo in Korean population. Immunol Invest 2014; 42:423-30. [PMID: 23802172 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2013.804836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are related to autoimmune responses. IFN-epsilon (IFNE) is included in IFN family, and may modulate immunological functions. Inflammation modulating functions of IFNE may be related with the pathophysiology of vitiligo. To investigate the association of nonsense polymorphism (rs2039381, Gln71Stop) of interferon-ε (IFNE) and susceptibility to vitiligo, we conducted a case-control association study in 265 non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) patients and 320 healthy controls. The nonsense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs2039381, Gln71Stop) of IFNE was genotyped by direct sequencing. Multiple logistic regression models (log-additive, dominant, and recessive models) were applied to determine odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and p values. The rs2039381 (Gln71Stop) of IFNE did not show significant differences between NSV patient group and control group. However, we found that in childhood onset NSV groups, the IFNE nonsense polymorphism (rs2039381, Gln71Stop) showed a significant association. There was significantly different distribution of nonsense polymorphism of rs2039381 (Gln71Stop) of IFNE between NSV patients (childhood <18 years) and control subjects. This study suggests that rs2039381 (Gln71Stop) polymorphism of IFNE may be related to onset time of vitiligo in NSV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Ryung Cho
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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26
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Reimann E, Kingo K, Karelson M, Reemann P, Vasar E, Silm H, Kõks S. Whole Transcriptome Analysis (RNA Sequencing) of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Vitiligo Patients. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2014; 1:11-23. [PMID: 27047918 PMCID: PMC4772995 DOI: 10.1159/000357402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an idiopathic disorder characterized by depigmented patches on the skin due to a loss of melanocytes. The cause of melanocyte destruction is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to detect the potential pathways involved in the vitiligo pathogenesis to further understand the causes and entity of vitiligo. For that the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 4 vitiligo patients and 4 control subjects was analyzed using the SOLiD System platform and whole transcriptome RNA sequencing application. Altogether 2,470 genes were expressed differently and GRID2IP showed the highest deviation in patients compared to controls. Using functional analysis, altogether 993 associations between the gene groups and diseases were found. The analysis revealed associations between vitiligo and diseases such as lichen planus, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B, and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Additionally, the gene groups with an altered expression pattern are participating in processes such as cell death, survival and signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In conclusion, vitiligo is rather a systemic than a local skin disease; the findings from an enormous amount of RNA sequencing data support the previous findings about vitiligo and should be further analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Reimann
- Department of Physiology, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - K Kingo
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Dermatology Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - M Karelson
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tartu, Estonia
| | - P Reemann
- Department of Physiology, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tartu, Estonia
| | - E Vasar
- Department of Physiology, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Centre of Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - H Silm
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tartu, Estonia
| | - S Kõks
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Centre of Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
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Association of HLA alleles and haplotypes with vitiligo in Moroccan patients: a case–control study. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 305:925-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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ZHULMINA VV, KOLOGRIVOVA YEN, PESTEREV PN, LABZOVSKAYA NP. Functional characteristics of macrophages in the vitiligo foci. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2012. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Study of the chemotactic activity of macrophages and local production of cytokines in sterile skin inflammatory exudate in patients with generalized vitiligo (vitiligo vulgaris). Materials and methods. The authors conducted a study of 22 patients with generalized vitiligo and 22 healthy volunteers. The functional activity of macrophages was assessed with the use of the skin window method based on the method of D.N. Mayansky as amended by V.V. Klimov. The composition of sterile cell exudate was examined with the use of impression smears taken after 6 hours from an epidermis scarification section on the healthy and depigmented skin colored according to the Romanovsky-Gimza method with the use of light microscopy. In addition, cytokines were determined in the supernatant fluid of the skin window exudate from the vitiligo focus obtained by means of centrifugation. Results. The prevalence of mononuclear phagocytes over polymorphonuclear leukocytes was revealed in the depigmentation site, which confirms that macrophages take an active part in the disease pathogenesis (along with a high level of interleukin-18). A low level of IL-10 in the skin window exudate confirms that the suppressor effect in the melanocyte damage zone is weak. These results confirm the important role played by such cells of the immune system as phagocytes in vitiligo pathogenesis, which makes it possible to consider them as potential target cells for developing pathogenetically substantiated approaches to the treatment of the disease.
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Kumar KVSH, Priya S, Sharma R, Kapoor U, Saini M, Bisht YS. Autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with vitiligo: prevalence study in India. Endocr Pract 2012; 18:194-9. [PMID: 21940277 DOI: 10.4158/ep11205.or] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in Asian Indian patients with vitiligo and to compare the clinical profile between thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody-positive and TPO antibody-negative groups. METHODS In this cross-sectional, case-controlled study, 50 patients with vitiligo (29 women and 21 men) were included. Patients with previous disorders, irradiation, or surgical procedures involving the thyroid were excluded from the study. All participants underwent a complete physical examination, and a single fasting blood sample was analyzed for thyroid function (triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and TPO and thyroglobulin antibodies), inflammatory and immunologic markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and rheumatoid factor), and serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. All patients underwent thyroid ultrasonography, and the data were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. RESULTS The mean age of the study participants was 42.7 ± 17 years, and 14 of 50 patients (28%) had TPO antibody positivity. A goiter was present in 11 of 50 patients, and the thyroid volume by ultrasonography was similar between the 2 groups. Subclinical hypothyroidism was found in 14 of 50 patients (28%) but more frequently in the TPO antibody-positive group (8 of 14 or 57%) than in the TPO antibody-negative group (6 of 36 or 17%). The prevalence of AITD was 20 of 50 patients (40%) when the TPO antibody-positive group and those with subclinical hypothyroidism were considered collectively. None of the patients had overt hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. All other clinical, biochemical, and inflammatory variables did not differ significantly between the TPO antibody-positive and antibody-negative groups. CONCLUSION Our data showed a 40% prevalence of thyroid disease in patients with vitiligo in India. The risk is exacerbated in patients with thyroid autoimmunity; thus, regular screening of patients with vitiligo for AITD is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V S Hari Kumar
- Department of Endocrinology, Command Hospital, Lucknow Cantt, UP 226002 India.
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Sawicki J, Siddha S, Rosen C. Vitiligo and Associated Autoimmune Disease: Retrospective Review of 300 Patients. J Cutan Med Surg 2012; 16:261-6. [DOI: 10.1177/120347541201600408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vitiligo, the most common cutaneous depigmentation disorder, has reported associations with other autoimmune diseases. However, literature on the strengths of the associations is conflicting, and no data on the subject exist from a Canadian population. Objective: To determine autoimmune disease associations with vitiligo and which, if any, screening bloodwork is appropriate in vitiligo patients. Methods: A retrospective review of vitiligo patients admitted to the Toronto Western Hospital phototherapy unit was conducted from January 1, 2000, to August 30, 2009. Data regarding patient characteristics, vitiligo clinical features (family history, age at onset, type, extent), associated diseases in the patient and family, and admission bloodwork (hemoglobin, vitamin B12, thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], antinuclear antibody) were recorded and compared, using the Fisher exact test where applicable. Results: A total of 300 patient charts were reviewed (average age 41.5 ± 15.5 years; 47% male, 53% female). Hypothyroidism was present in 12.0% and pernicious anemia in 1.3% of patients—significant increases over the population prevalence. No other differences in prevalence were seen compared to the general population. TSH was increased in 3.7% of patients without a history of hypothyroidism. Hemoglobin and vitamin B12 were decreased in 0.3% of vitiligo patients without a history of pernicious anemia. Conclusion: We found a significantly higher prevalence of hypothyroidism and pernicious anemia in vitiligo patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Sawicki
- Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Sanjay Siddha
- Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Cheryl Rosen
- Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
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Vitiligo-inducing phenols activate the unfolded protein response in melanocytes resulting in upregulation of IL6 and IL8. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:2601-9. [PMID: 22696056 PMCID: PMC3443495 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is characterized by depigmented skin patches due to loss of epidermal melanocytes. Oxidative stress may play a role in vitiligo onset, while autoimmunity contributes to disease progression. In this study we sought to identify mechanisms that link disease triggers and spreading of lesions. A hallmark of melanocytes at the periphery of vitiligo lesions is dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We hypothesized that oxidative stress results in redox disruptions that extend to the ER, causing accumulation of misfolded peptides, which activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). We used 4-tertiary butyl phenol (4-TBP) and monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone (MBEH), known triggers of vitiligo. We show that expression of key UPR components, including the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), are increased following exposure of melanocytes to phenols. XBP1 activation increases production of immune mediators interleukin-6 (IL6) and IL8. Co-treatment with XBP1 inhibitors reduced IL6 and IL8 production induced by phenols, while over-expression of XBP1 alone increased their expression. Thus, melanocytes themselves produce cytokines associated with activation of an immune response following exposure to chemical triggers of vitiligo. These results expand our understanding of the mechanisms underlying melanocyte loss in vitiligo and pathways linking environmental stressors and autoimmunity.
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Esfandiarpour I, Farajzadeh S. Clinical characteristics of late-onset vitiligo in an Iranian population. DERMATOL SIN 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsi.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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The mRNA expression profile of cytokines connected to the regulation of melanocyte functioning in vitiligo skin biopsy samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:393-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Niang SO, Ndiaye M, Ly F, Diallo M, Bouksani S, Diop A, Diatta BA, Dieng MT, Kane A. The vitiligo in senegal. ISRN DERMATOLOGY 2012; 2012:932163. [PMID: 22363865 PMCID: PMC3265217 DOI: 10.5402/2012/932163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical aspects of vitiligo in the largest dermatology department of Senegal. A cross-sectional and descriptive study in a period of 5 months was performed covering all the vitiligo cases. Fifty patients were identified (26 women and 24 men). The mean age was 26.5 years. A family history of vitiligo was found in 11 cases and a psychoaffective disturbance in 6 cases. The clinical forms distinguished were generalized vitiligo (n = 33), localized vitiligo (n = 16), vitiligo universalis (n = 4), and segmental vitiligo (n = 1). The Koebner phenomenon was found in 7 cases. Associated diseases were atopic dermatitis (n = 2), contact dermatitis (n = 1), diabetes (n = 1), and Graves' disease (n = 1). The disgraceful character of Vitiligo was the predominance of generalized forms and the elective localization in sun-exposed areas. The family character, the psychoaffective disturbances, the Koebner phenomenon increased by the lifestyle and the itching dermatosis were the aggravating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Niang
- Department of Dermatology, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, BP 3001, Dakar, Senegal
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Abstract
In this issue, Singh and co-workers describe the results of classical typing of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles in 1,404 vitiligo patients and 902 unaffected controls from North India and follow-up HLA typing in 355 cases and 441 controls from Gujarat. The increased frequency of DRB1*07:01 in North Indian and Gujarat populations with generalized and localized vitiligo and in several vitiligo populations studied previously suggests that it contributes to autoimmunity and destruction of melanocytes.
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Expression of cytosolic NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase in melanocytes and its role as an antioxidant. J Dermatol Sci 2011; 65:118-25. [PMID: 22264756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytosolic NADP(+)-dependent ICDH (IDPc) has an antioxidant effect as a supplier of NADPH to the cytosol, which is needed for the production of glutathione. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the expression of IDPc in melanocytes and to elucidate its role as an antioxidant. METHODS The knock-down of IDPc expression in immortalized mouse melanocyte cell lines (melan-a) was performed using the short interfering RNA (siRNA)-targeted gene silencing method. After confirming the silencing of IDPc expression with mRNA and protein levels, viability, apoptosis and necrosis, as well as ROS production in IDPc-silenced melanocytes were monitored under conditions of oxidative stress and non-stress. Also, the ratio of oxidized glutathione to total glutathione was examined, and whether the addition of glutathione recovered cell viability, decreased by oxidant stress, was checked. RESULTS The expression of IDPc in both primary human melanocytes and melan-a cells was confirmed by Western blot and RT-PCR. The silencing of IDPc expression by transfecting IDPc siRNA in melan-a cells was observed by Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR. IDPc knock-down cells showed significantly decreased cell viability and an increased number of cells under apoptosis and necrosis. IDPc siRNA-treated melanocytes demonstrated a higher intensity of DCFDA after the addition of H(2)O(2) compared with scrambled siRNA-treated melanocytes, and a lower ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione were observed in IDPc siRNA transfected melanocytes. In addition, the addition of glutathione recovered cell viability, which was previously decreased after incubation with H(2)O(2). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that decreased IDPc expression renders melanocytes more vulnerable to oxidative stress, and IDPc plays an important antioxidant function in melanocytes.
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Prindaville B, Rivkees SA. Incidence of vitiligo in children with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY 2011; 2011:18. [PMID: 22099887 PMCID: PMC3256118 DOI: 10.1186/1687-9856-2011-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Limited data are available on the association between vitiligo and autoimmune thyroid disease in pediatric patients. In addition, reported studies of pediatric patients have been based on a population known to have vitiligo and subsequently evaluated for the presence of thyroid function abnormalities. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on 333 children who had been followed for thyroid disorders by endocrinologists at the Yale Pediatric Thyroid Center over the last 5 years for autoimmune thyroid disease. Demographical and clinical features of patients found to have thyroid disease and vitiligo were recorded. These studies were approved by the Yale Human Investigation Committee. Results Of the total 333 children and adolescents, 9 (2.7%) were noted to have vitiligo. Four patients (44%) had Graves' disease and 5 patients (66%) had Hashimoto's thyroiditis. For patients with Graves' disease and vitiligo, the average age of onset of thyroid disease was young at 4 ± 0.7 years, and the diagnosis of vitiligo usually preceded that of thyroid disease. For children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and vitiligo, thyroid disease was diagnosed at an average age of 13.25 ± 2.8 years. Conclusion In our population, 4.6% of children with Graves' disease and 2.0% of children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis had vitiligo. Interestingly, when vitiligo presents with Graves' disease, it occurs in younger rather than older children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brea Prindaville
- Yale Pediatric Thyroid Center, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Stinco G, Buligan C, Grimaldi F, Valent F, Patrone P. Serological screening for autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes in patients with vitiligo. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 26:1041-2. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Amniotic membrane as a scaffold for melanocyte transplantation in patients with stable vitiligo. Dermatol Res Pract 2011; 2011:532139. [PMID: 21869882 PMCID: PMC3159018 DOI: 10.1155/2011/532139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired skin disease that significantly impacts the quality of life of patients. Medical treatment of vitiligo includes the use of melanocyte transplant, but the results are variable. We have treated 4 patients with either focal or generalized stable vitiligo using a graft of autologous melanocytes' culture on a denuded amniotic membrane (AM). A culture biopsy was obtained in every patient and grown in melanocytes' media for 10-14 days after which cells were transferred to a denuded AM and transplanted into the achromic lesions. Patients were followed for up to 6 months using clinical assessment of achromic lesions. Treated areas ranged between 4 cm(2) and 210.6 cm(2). Response to treatment was excellent in all patients with 90-95% repigmentation success rate. Our results demonstrate that transplantation of autologous melanocytes cultured on AM is a new, simple, and effective treatment for stable vitiligo.
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Uncu S, Yaylı S, Bahadır S, Okten A, Alpay K. Relevance of autoimmune thyroiditis in children and adolescents with vitiligo. Int J Dermatol 2011; 50:175-9. [PMID: 21244381 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04665.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is the most common pigmentation-related disorder worldwide. An autoimmune etiology is widely considered, and genetic factors may play an important role in its pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of thyroid dysfunctions and autoimmune thyroiditis in children with vitiligo and to identify related factors. METHODS Fifty children with vitiligo and 50 control children were enrolled. Data on age, onset, duration, disease activity, presence of thyroid disorder, other autoimmune diseases, halo nevi, poliosis, and mucosal vitiligo were determined. Serum free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, total T3, total T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and antibodies to thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin were measured. Thyroid gland efficiency was evaluated. RESULTS The mean age at onset of vitiligo was 7.26 ± 4.43 years. The duration of vitiligo was 2.26 ± 2.95 years. Vulgaris-type vitiligo was the most common form in our patients (56%), and 42% reported at least one family member with thyroid disorder, autoimmune disease, or both. Overt hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism were not detected. We found a significant association between autoimmune thyroiditis and both sex and disease duration (P = 0.046 and P = 0.07, respectively), but no association between autoimmune thyroiditis and age, age at onset of vitiligo, halo nevi, poliosis, mucosal involvement, disease activity, or family history of vitiligo, autoimmunity, or thyroid disorders. CONCLUSIONS Children with vitiligo show an increased incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis. Children with vitiligo, especially girls and subjects with generalized/vulgaris-type vitiligo, should be screened annually for thyroid function and antithyroid antibodies to assist in the early diagnosis and therapy of autoimmune thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Uncu
- Department of Dermatology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Antelo DP, Filgueira AL, Cunha JMT. Reduction of skin-homing cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ -CLA+) in patients with vitiligo. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2011; 27:40-4. [PMID: 21198882 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2010.00563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a frequently acquired, hereditary disease, characterized by achromic macules due to the absence of melanocytes. In contrast with earlier studies, in which the main pathogenic role was attributed to anti-melanocyte antibodies, recent papers have emphasized a role for CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes in melanocyte destruction. Fifteen percent of peripheral T cell express cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA), responsible for skin-homing T cell. Phototherapy is used to treat patients with generalized vitiligo and it has been shown to interfere with CLA(+) T cells in other skin diseases. OBJECTIVE To describe peripheral blood T cell subpopulations' frequency and ability to express the skin-homing molecule (CLA) in patients with non-segmental vitiligo, before and after photochemotherapy (PUVA). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-two patients with generalized and active spreading vitiligo were submitted to 30 PUVA-8MOP sessions. Lymphocyte immunophenotyping was performed by flow cytometry using anti-CD3, anti-CD8 and anti-CLA monoclonal antibodies. Fifteen healthy volunteers, sex- and age-matched, were included as a control group. RESULTS CD8(+) -CLA(+) T cells were significantly reduced in number in untreated vitiligo patients (P=0.008) when compared with control individuals, albeit with a more intense CLA expression (P=0.028). These findings were not altered after PUVA. No significant difference was noticed in CD4/CD8 ratios nor in CD4-CLA(+) T cell numbers between vitiligo patients and controls, both before and after PUVA. CONCLUSIONS CD8-CLA(+) T cells are reduced in peripheral blood of patients with non-segmental vitiligo. This finding may be related to the previously reported increase of CD8(+) cells in both lesions and perilesional skin of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pereira Antelo
- Setor de Fotodermatologia, Serviço de Dermatologia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Cho SB, Kim JH, Cho S, Park JM, Park YK, Oh SH. Vitiligo in children and adolescents: association with thyroid dysfunction. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010; 25:64-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Agretti P, De Marco G, Sansone D, Betterle C, Coco G, Dimida A, Ferrarini E, Pinchera A, Vitti P, Tonacchera M. Patients affected by vitiligo and autoimmune diseases do not show antibodies interfering with the activity of the melanocortin 1 receptor. J Endocrinol Invest 2010; 33:784-8. [PMID: 20332705 DOI: 10.1007/bf03350342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting disorder characterized by the loss of melanocytes from the epidermis with the development of white patches in various distribution. The pathogenesis of vitiligo is still unknown, but the association with autoimmune disorders and organ specific autoantibodies, supports the hypothesis of an autoimmune pathogenesis. AIM The aim of the present study was to investigate if autoantibodies present in sera of patients affected by vitiligo may be able to interfere with the activity of the αMSH on the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). MATERIALS/ SUBJECTS AND METHODS: IgG from the sera of 41 patients with vitiligo associated or not with thyroid autoimmune diseases or other autoimmune pathologies were incubated with HBL20 cells (human malignant melanocytes expressing the MC1R) in the presence of a sub-maximal dose of αMSH. A normal IgG range was determined by using IgG extracted from 30 control sera of normal subjects. RESULTS None of the IgG from vitiligo patients was able to inhibit αMSH-stimulated cAMP production in HBL20 cells. CONCLUSIONS Autoantibodies against MC1R are rare or absent in sera of vitiligo patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Agretti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Centro Eccellenza AmbiSEN, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy
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Arya V, Bansal M, Girard L, Arya S, Valluri A. Vitiligo at Injection Site of PEG-IFN-α 2a in Two Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C: Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Dermatol 2010; 2:156-164. [PMID: 21076689 PMCID: PMC2978742 DOI: 10.1159/000320207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A 72-year-old female and a 57-year-old male with chronic hepatitis C were treated with a combination therapy of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)-α 2a (180 μg s.c. once a week) and ribavirin (1,000 mg orally daily). This resulted in the destruction of melanocytes at the injection site in both patients. In the male patient, the depigmentation progressed to the surrounding skin area. The dermatologist concurred with vitiligo as the diagnosis in both patients. Injection and surrounding site vitiligo associated with PEG-IFN-α 2b treatment for hepatitis C was noticed in previous case studies. For the first time, the case reports below highlight the same immunological adverse event secondary to PEG IFN-α 2a/ribavirin combination therapy and explain, in part, the complex interaction between host immune response and viral genotype. In addition, we systematically review drug-induced vitiligo and autoimmune diseases associated with the depigmentation disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Arya
- Wyckoff Heights Medical Center, Brooklyn, N.Y., USA
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Proshutinskaya DV, Volnukhin VA, Katunina OR, Rezaikina AV. On the role of dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2010. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors give the results of immunohistochemistry studies of the skin of 16 healthy volunteers and 16 patients suffering from
vulgar vitiligo with the determination of the contents of immature (CD1a+) and mature (CD83+) subpopulations of dendritic
cells (DCs) as well as CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the epidermis and perivascular infiltrates of the derma. They revealed an
increased quantity of CD1a+ and CD83+ DCs in areas of depigmented, peripheral and perifocal normally pigmented skin of vitiligo
foci. DCs with the CD1a+ phenotype were revealed both in the epidermis and in the derma while DCs with the CD83+ phenotype
were revealed in the derma only. A higher quantity of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes than in healthy volunteers was also revealed
along with the increased contents of DCs in all three areas of vitiligo foci. The authors established a strong correlation between
the quantity of CD83+ DCs and CD4+ lymphocytes in the depigmentation zone (r=0.84; Р
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Choudhury A, Cohen PL, Eisenberg RA. B cells require "nurturing" by CD4 T cells during development in order to respond in chronic graft-versus-host model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2010; 136:105-15. [PMID: 20381429 PMCID: PMC2891082 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The murine chronic GVH (cGVH) model of SLE is induced by allo-recognition of foreign major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II determinants. Previous studies have shown that syngeneic CD4(+) T cells are needed during B cell development in order to induce cGVH response in CD4KO mice. Our present studies show that B cells require "nurturing" by CD4 T cells through much of their ontogeny in order to respond to allo-signaling and become autoreactive. The nurturing process does not require antigen-specific cognate interactions between CD4 T cells and B cells. It is mediated by IL-4, but not IL-10, IL-6 and IFN-gamma. The CD4 T cell nurturing may be supplanted by large doses of IL-4 and/or by agonistic anti-CD40 mAb. Understanding the mechanism of this "nurturing" process may yield clues to the role of CD4 T cells in lupus and in host defense in general.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Autoantibodies/blood
- B-Lymphocytes/cytology
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4 Antigens/genetics
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- CD40 Antigens/agonists
- CD40 Antigens/immunology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cytokines/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/pathology
- Graft vs Host Disease/urine
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/pharmacology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/urine
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Proteinuria/diagnosis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Skin/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Choudhury
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 19104
| | - Philip L. Cohen
- Section of Rheumatology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Robert A. Eisenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 19104
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Quaglino P, Marenco F, Osella-Abate S, Cappello N, Ortoncelli M, Salomone B, Fierro M, Savoia P, Bernengo M. Vitiligo is an independent favourable prognostic factor in stage III and IV metastatic melanoma patients: results from a single-institution hospital-based observational cohort study. Ann Oncol 2010; 21:409-414. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdp325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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MART-1 transcript is absent in PBMCs from Vitiligo patients. Open Life Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-009-0057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMechanisms occurring in the thymus and periphery are responsible for the generation and maintenance of tolerance in the immune system. Various reports have shown that the existence of an antigen in the peripheral circulation results in tolerance induction towards that protein. These observations imply that the lack of a self antigen can lead to induction of autoimmunity. Previously we have reported that Tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2) transcripts from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are absent in vitiligo patients but present in healthy individuals. Here, we show that MART1 (Melanoma antigen recognized by T cells) transcripts are not detected in the PBMCs of vitiligo patients but is detected in healthy controls. Our result suggests that as MART1 is not expressed in the PBMCs, MART1 is also not available for induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance in vitiligo patients. We therefore conclude that nonexpression of MART1 in PBMCs of vitiligo patients may be somehow responsible for the tolerance breakdown finally resulting in the induction of autoimmunity seen against these self antigens in vitiligo.
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Salem MMAEL, Shalbaf M, Gibbons NCJ, Chavan B, Thornton JM, Schallreuter KU. Enhanced DNA binding capacity on up‐regulated epidermal wild‐type p53 in vitiligo by H
2
O
2
‐mediated oxidation: a possible repair mechanism for DNA damage. FASEB J 2009; 23:3790-807. [PMID: 19641144 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-132621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. A. E. L. Salem
- Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Department of Biomedical Sciences/Centre for Skin Sciences School of Life Sciences University of Bradford Bradford UK
| | - Mohammad Shalbaf
- Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Department of Biomedical Sciences/Centre for Skin Sciences School of Life Sciences University of Bradford Bradford UK
| | - Nicholas C. J. Gibbons
- Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Department of Biomedical Sciences/Centre for Skin Sciences School of Life Sciences University of Bradford Bradford UK
- University of Bradford Bradford UK
| | - Bhaven Chavan
- Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Department of Biomedical Sciences/Centre for Skin Sciences School of Life Sciences University of Bradford Bradford UK
| | - J. M. Thornton
- Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Department of Biomedical Sciences/Centre for Skin Sciences School of Life Sciences University of Bradford Bradford UK
| | - Karin U. Schallreuter
- Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Department of Biomedical Sciences/Centre for Skin Sciences School of Life Sciences University of Bradford Bradford UK
- Institute for Pigmentary Disorders in association with E. M. Arndt University Greifswald Germany
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Bam M, Bagchi T. Absence of Tyrosinase-Related Protein-2/Dopachrome Tautomerase Transcripts in PBMCs from Vitiligo Patients. Scand J Immunol 2009; 69:366-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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