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Portale F, Di Mitri D. NK Cells in Cancer: Mechanisms of Dysfunction and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119521. [PMID: 37298470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells (NK) are innate lymphocytes endowed with the ability to recognize and kill cancer cells. Consequently, adoptive transfer of autologous or allogeneic NK cells represents a novel opportunity in cancer treatment that is currently under clinical investigation. However, cancer renders NK cells dysfunctional, thus restraining the efficacy of cell therapies. Importantly, extensive effort has been employed to investigate the mechanisms that restrain NK cell anti-tumor function, and the results have offered forthcoming solutions to improve the efficiency of NK cell-based therapies. The present review will introduce the origin and features of NK cells, summarize the mechanisms of action and causes of dysfunction of NK cells in cancer, and frame NK cells in the tumoral microenvironment and in the context of immunotherapies. Finally, we will discuss therapeutic potential and current limitations of NK cell adoptive transfer in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Portale
- Tumor Microenviroment Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Diletta Di Mitri
- Tumor Microenviroment Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Milan, Italy
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2
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Chen LJ, Hu B, Han ZQ, Liu W, Zhu JH, Chen XX, Li ZP, Zhou H. Repression of FBXW7 by HES5 contributes to inactivation of the TGF-β signaling pathway and alleviation of endometriosis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e20938. [PMID: 33496006 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000438rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis (EMS) is a gynecologic disorder associated with infertility and characterized by the endometrial-type mucosa outside the uterine cavity. Currently available treatment modalities are limited to undesirable effects. Thus, in the present study, we sought to study the pathogenesis mechanism of EMS. For this purpose, the ectopic and eutopic endometrial tissues were resected from 86 patients with EMS and 54 infertile patients without EMS, respectively. The regulatory mechanism among HES family bHLH transcription factor 5 (HES5), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-induced factor 1 (TGIF1), F-box, and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7) was studied by performing co-immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation, respectively. A mouse model of EMS was established to verify the aforementioned regulatory mechanism in vivo. Upregulation of HES5 and TGIF1, as well as downregulation of FBXW7, was observed in EMS endometrial tissues and human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs), respectively. The overexpression of HES5 was found to suppress the FBXW7 transcription and TGIF1 degradation, resulting in the inactivation of the TGF-β signaling pathway, as well as inhibition of hESC proliferation and invasion, thereby enhancing apoptosis. Results from a mouse model of EMS showed that the presence of HES5 contributed to the alleviation of EMS. Collectively, we attempted to provide a mechanistic insight into the unrecognized roles of the HES5/FBXW7 in EMS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Xing Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Ping Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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Engman C, Garciafigueroa Y, Phillips BE, Trucco M, Giannoukakis N. Co-Stimulation-Impaired Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells Prevent Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:894. [PMID: 29774025 PMCID: PMC5943510 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are important in the onset and severity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Tolerogenic DC induce T-cells to become therapeutic Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs). We therefore asked if experimental IBD could be prevented by administration of bone marrow-derived DC generated under conventional GM-CSF/IL-4 conditions but in the presence of a mixture of antisense DNA oligonucleotides targeting the primary transcripts of CD40, CD80, and CD86. These cell products (which we call AS-ODN BM-DC) have demonstrated tolerogenic activity in preventing type 1 diabetes and preserving beta cell mass in new-onset type 1 diabetes in the NOD mouse strain, in earlier studies. In addition to measuring efficacy in prevention of experimental IBD, we also sought to identify possible mechanism(s) of action. Weight, behavior, stool frequency, and character were observed daily for 7–10 days in experimental colitis in mice exposed to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) following injection of the AS-ODN BM-DC. After euthanasia, the colons were processed for histology while spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were made into single cells to measure Foxp3+ Treg as well as IL-10+ regulatory B-cell (Breg) population frequency by flow cytometry. AS-ODN BM-DC prevented DSS-induced colitis development. Recipients of these cells exhibited significant increases in Foxp3+ Treg and IL-10+ Breg in MLN and spleen. Histological examination of colon sections of colitis-free mice remained largely architecturally physiologic and mostly free of leukocyte infiltration when compared with DSS-treated animals. Although DSS colitis is mainly an innate immunity-driven condition, our study adds to the growing body of evidence showing that Foxp3+ Treg and IL-10 Bregs can suppress a mainly innate-driven inflammation. The already-established safety of human DC generated from monocytic progenitors in the presence of the mixture of antisense DNA targeting the primary transcripts of CD40, CD80, and CD86 in humans offers the potential to adapt them for clinical IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Engman
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yesica Garciafigueroa
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brett Eugene Phillips
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Massimo Trucco
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nick Giannoukakis
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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4
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Hernández-Jiménez E, Cubillos-Zapata C, Toledano V, Pérez de Diego R, Fernández-Navarro I, Casitas R, Carpio C, Casas-Martín J, Valentín J, Varela-Serrano A, Avendaño-Ortiz J, Alvarez E, Aguirre L, Pérez-Martínez A, De Miguel MP, Belda-Iniesta C, García-Río F, López-Collazo E. Monocytes inhibit NK activityviaTGF-β in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/6/1602456. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02456-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with cancer incidence and mortality. The contribution of the immune system appears to be crucial; however, the potential role of monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells remains unclear.Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR, flow cytometry andin vitroassays were used to analyse the phenotype and immune response activity in 92 patients with OSA (60 recently diagnosed untreated patients and 32 patients after 6 months of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)) and 29 healthy volunteers (HV).We determined that monocytes in patients with OSA exhibit an immunosuppressive phenotype, including surface expression of glycoprotein-A repetitions predominant protein (GARP) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), in contrast to those from the HV and CPAP groups. High levels of TGF-β were detected in OSA sera. TGF-β release by GARP+monocytes impaired NK cytotoxicity and maturation. This altered phenotype correlated with the hypoxic severity clinical score (CT90). Reoxygenation eventually restored the altered phenotypes and cytotoxicity.This study demonstrates that GARP+monocytes from untreated patients with OSA have an NK-suppressing role through their release of TGF-β. Our findings show that monocyte plasticity immunomodulates NK activity in this pathology, suggesting a potential role in cancer incidence.
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Sarhan D, Leijonhufvud C, Murray S, Witt K, Seitz C, Wallerius M, Xie H, Ullén A, Harmenberg U, Lidbrink E, Rolny C, Andersson J, Lundqvist A. Zoledronic acid inhibits NFAT and IL-2 signaling pathways in regulatory T cells and diminishes their suppressive function in patients with metastatic cancer. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1338238. [PMID: 28920001 PMCID: PMC5593706 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1338238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) suppress anti-tumor immune responses and their infiltration in the tumor microenvironment is associated with inferior prognosis in cancer patients. Thus, in order to enhance anti-tumor immune responses, selective depletion of Treg is highly desired. We found that treatment with zoledronic acid (ZA) resulted in a selective decrease in the frequency of Treg that was associated with a significant increase in proliferation of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood of patients with metastatic cancer. In vitro, genome-wide transcriptomic analysis revealed alterations in calcium signaling pathways in Treg following treatment with ZA. Furthermore, co-localization of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) was significantly reduced in Treg upon ZA-treatment. Consequently, reduced expression levels of CD25, STAT5 and TGFβ were observed. Functionally, ZA-treated Treg had reduced capacity to suppress T and NK cell proliferation and anti-tumor responses compared with untreated Treg in vitro. Treatment with ZA to selectively inhibit essential signaling pathways in Treg resulting in reduced capacity to suppress effector T and NK cell responses represents a novel approach to inhibit Treg activity in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhifaf Sarhan
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Caroline Leijonhufvud
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shannon Murray
- Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, FL, USA
| | - Kristina Witt
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Seitz
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Majken Wallerius
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanjing Xie
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Ullén
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Harmenberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Lidbrink
- Division of Radiotherapy, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Rolny
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Andersson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, FL, USA
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6
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Trojan K, Zhu L, Aly M, Weimer R, Bulut N, Morath C, Opelz G, Daniel V. Association of peripheral NK cell counts with Helios + IFN-γ - T regs in patients with good long-term renal allograft function. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 188:467-479. [PMID: 28194759 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about a possible interaction of natural killer (NK) cells with regulatory T cells (Treg ) in long-term stable kidney transplant recipients. Absolute counts of lymphocyte and Treg subsets were studied in whole blood samples of 136 long-term stable renal transplant recipients and 52 healthy controls using eight-colour fluorescence flow cytometry. Patients were 1946 ± 2201 days (153-10 268 days) post-transplant and showed a serum creatinine of 1·7 ± 0·7 mg/dl. Renal transplant recipients investigated > 1·5 years post-transplant showed higher total NK cell counts than recipients studied < 1·5 years after transplantation (P = 0·006). High NK cells were associated with high glomerular filtration rate (P = 0·002) and low serum creatinine (P = 0·005). Interestingly, high NK cells were associated with high CD4+ CD25+ CD127- forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3+ ) Treg that co-express the phenotype Helios+ interferon (IFN)-γ- and appear to have stable FoxP3 expression and originate from the thymus. Furthermore, high total NK cells were associated with Treg that co-express the phenotypes interleukin (IL)-10- transforming growth factor (TGF)-β+ (P = 0·013), CD183+ CD62L- (P = 0·003), CD183+ CD62+ (P = 0·001), CD183- CD62L+ (P = 0·002), CD252- CD152+ (P < 0·001), CD28+ human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR- ) (P = 0·002), CD28+ HLA-DR+ (P < 0·001), CD95+ CD178- (P < 0·001) and CD279- CD152+ (P < 0·001), suggesting that these activated Treg home in peripheral tissues and suppress effector cells via TGF-β and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). The higher numbers of NK and Treg cell counts in patients with long-term good allograft function and the statistical association of these two lymphocyte subsets with each other suggest a direct or indirect (via DC) interaction of these cell subpopulations that contributes to good long-term allograft acceptance. Moreover, we speculate that regulatory NK cells are formed late post-transplant that are able to inhibit graft-reactive effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Trojan
- Transplantation-Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Zhu
- Transplantation-Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - M Aly
- Transplantation-Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Nephrology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - R Weimer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - N Bulut
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - C Morath
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Opelz
- Transplantation-Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Daniel
- Transplantation-Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Pedroza-Pacheco I, Shah D, Domogala A, Luevano M, Blundell M, Jackson N, Thrasher A, Madrigal A, Saudemont A. Regulatory T cells inhibit CD34+ cell differentiation into NK cells by blocking their proliferation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22097. [PMID: 26915707 PMCID: PMC4768165 DOI: 10.1038/srep22097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD) remains one of the main complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Due to their ability to suppress effector cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been proposed as a cellular therapy to prevent GvHD, however they also inhibit the functions of natural killer (NK) cells, key effectors of the Graft versus Leukemia effect. In this study, we have explored whether a Tregs therapy will also impact on NK cell differentiation. Using an in vitro model of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation into NK cells, we found that activated Tregs led to a 90% reduction in NK cell numbers when added at the time of commitment to the NK cell lineage. This effect was contact dependent and was reversible upon Tregs depletion. The few NK cells that developed in these cultures were mature and exhibited normal functions. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of activated Tregs in rag(-/-) γc(-/-) mice abrogated HSC differentiation into NK cells thus confirming our in vitro findings. Collectively, these results demonstrate for the first time that activated Tregs can inhibit NK cell differentiation from HSC under specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Pedroza-Pacheco
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute and University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Divya Shah
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute and University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Anna Domogala
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute and University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Martha Luevano
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute and University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Michael Blundell
- Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Nicola Jackson
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute and University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Adrian Thrasher
- Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Alejandro Madrigal
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute and University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Aurore Saudemont
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute and University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
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CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs protect against innate immune cell-mediated fulminant hepatitis in mice. Mol Immunol 2014; 63:420-7. [PMID: 25315497 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Foxp3(+) Tregs play important roles in maintaining homeostasis by suppressing excessive immune responses that result in serious tissue damage; yet, it is largely unknown about the impact of Tregs on innate immune cells in hepatitis models in vivo. In this study, we examined the effect of hepatic Tregs on innate immune-mediated liver injury by using the murine model of polyI:C and d-galactosamine (d-GalN)-induced hepatitis. Administration of polyI:C/d-GalN increased the number of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in the liver. Depletion of Tregs leaded to higher levels of proinflammatory cytokine expression and severer liver injury, whereas adoptive transfer of Foxp3(+) Tregs attenuated liver injury in polyI:C/d-GalN-treated mice. In addition, depletion of Tregs leaded to a reduction in TGF-β and IL-10 expression in polyI:C/d-GalN-treated mice. Both of these cytokines were important for suppression of polyI:C/d-GalN-induced liver injury. TGF-β was derived from Tregs. IL-10 was derived from active Kupffer cells, and coincubation of Kupffer cells with Tregs increased IL-10 secretion. Furthermore, TGF-β blockade abrogated Treg-mediated suppression of proinflammatory cytokine production by innate immune cell in vitro. CONCLUSION CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs modify innate immune responses in polyI:C/d-GalN-induced fulminant hepatitis via producing TGF-β and enhancing IL-10 secretion by Kupffer cells.
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9
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Lett B, Sivanathan KN, Coates PT. Mesenchymal stem cells for kidney transplantation. World J Clin Urol 2014; 3:87-95. [DOI: 10.5410/wjcu.v3.i2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The long term consequence of immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplantation has prompted investigation of alternative means to modify the immune response to the allograft. Cell based therapies are potentially attractive as they may provide a long lasting immunomodulatory effect, may repair tissues and reduce the necessity to take immunosuppressive drug therapy. Of the current cell therapies, mesenchymal stem cells have now been trialled in small numbers of human kidney transplantation with apparent safety and potential efficacy. Many issues however need to be resolved before these cells will become mainstays of transplant immunosuppression including ex vivo modification to enhance immunomodulatory properties, cell number, route and frequency of administration as well as cellular source of origin.
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10
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A new hope in immunotherapy for malignant gliomas: adoptive T cell transfer therapy. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:326545. [PMID: 25009822 PMCID: PMC4070364 DOI: 10.1155/2014/326545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to highly incurable malignant gliomas due to tumor-specific cytotoxicity, minimal side effect, and a durable antitumor effect by memory T cells. But, antitumor activities of endogenously activated T cells induced by immunotherapy such as vaccination are not sufficient to control tumors because tumor-specific antigens may be self-antigens and tumors have immune evasion mechanisms to avoid immune surveillance system of host. Although recent clinical results from vaccine strategy for malignant gliomas are encouraging, these trials have some limitations, particularly their failure to expand tumor antigen-specific T cells reproducibly and effectively. An alternative strategy to overcome these limitations is adoptive T cell transfer therapy, in which tumor-specific T cells are expanded ex vivo rapidly and then transferred to patients. Moreover, enhanced biologic functions of T cells generated by genetic engineering and modified immunosuppressive microenvironment of host by homeostatic T cell expansion and/or elimination of immunosuppressive cells and molecules can induce more potent antitumor T cell responses and make this strategy hold promise in promoting a patient response for malignant glioma treatment. Here we will review the past and current progresses and discuss a new hope in adoptive T cell therapy for malignant gliomas.
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12
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SHEN YAJUAN, WANG QIAN, QI YUANYING, CUI BIN, ZHANG ZHIFEN, SU JINGRAN, LIU XIAOWEN, LU CHAO, YE HUI, JU YING, LU ZHIMING. Peripheral Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and natural killer group 2, member D expression levels in natural killer cells of patients with colorectal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:977-82. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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13
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Pedroza-Pacheco I, Madrigal A, Saudemont A. Interaction between natural killer cells and regulatory T cells: perspectives for immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2013; 10:222-9. [PMID: 23524654 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2013.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells and natural killer (NK) cells are key players in the immune system. The interaction between these two cell types has been reported to be beneficial in healthy conditions such as pregnancy. However, in the case of certain pathologies such as autoimmune diseases and cancer this interaction can become detrimental, as Treg cells have been described to suppress NK cells and in particular to impair NK cell effector functions. This review aims to discuss the recent information on the interaction between Treg cells and NK cells under healthy and pathologic conditions, to describe the specific conditions in which this interaction takes place, the effect of Treg cells on hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and the consequences of this interaction on the optimization of immunotherapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Pedroza-Pacheco
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute and University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
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14
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Natural killer cell degranulation capacity predicts early onset of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis. Blood 2012; 119:3315-20. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-09-377523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a common and potentially serious complication occurring in HIV-infected patients being treated for tuberculosis (TB) using combined antiretroviral treatment. A role of adaptive immunity has been suggested in the onset of IRIS, whereas the role of natural killer (NK) cells has not yet been explored. The present study sought to examine the involvement of NK cells in the onset of IRIS in HIV-infected patients with TB and to identify predictive markers of IRIS. A total of 128 HIV-infected patients with TB from the Cambodian Early versus Late Introduction of Antiretroviral Drugs (CAMELIA) trial were enrolled in Cambodia. Thirty-seven of the 128 patients developed IRIS. At inclusion, patients had low CD4 cell counts (27 cells/mm3) and high plasma viral load (5.76 and 5.50 log/mL in IRIS and non-IRIS patients, respectively). At baseline, NK-cell degranulation capacity was significantly higher in IRIS patients than in non-IRIS patients (9.6% vs 6.38%, P < .005). At IRIS onset, degranulation capacity did not differ between patients, whereas activating receptor expression was lower in IRIS patients. Patients with degranulation levels > 10.84% had a higher risk of IRIS (P = .002 by log-rank test). Degranulation level at baseline was the most important IRIS predictor (hazard ratio = 4.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.60-12.16). We conclude that NK-degranulation levels identify higher IRIS risk in HIV-infected patients with TB.
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15
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Bergmann C, Wild CA, Narwan M, Lotfi R, Lang S, Brandau S. Human tumor-induced and naturally occurring Treg cells differentially affect NK cells activated by either IL-2 or target cells. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:3564-73. [PMID: 21905023 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NK cells play a crucial role in the eradication of tumor cells. Naturally occurring (n) Treg cells and induced (i) Treg cells are two distinct Treg subsets. While the interaction of nTreg cells with NK cells has been investigated in the past, the role of tumor iTreg cells in the modulation of NK-cell function remains unclear. Tumor iTreg cells were generated from CD4(+) CD25(-) T cells in the presence of autologous immature DCs, head and neck cancer cells and IL-2, IL-10, and IL-15. The effect of iTreg cells and nTreg cells on the expression of NKG2D, NKp44, CD107a, and IFN-γ by NK cells, as well as NK tumor-cytolytic activity, were investigated. iTreg cells - similar to recombinant TGF-β and nTreg cells - inhibited IL-2-induced activation of NK cells in the absence of target cell contact. Surprisingly, and in contrast to nTreg cells, iTreg cells enhanced NK-cell activity elicited by target cell contact. The cytolytic activity of NK cells activated by iTreg cells was mediated via perforin and FasL. We conclude that tumor iTreg cells inhibited IL-2-mediated NK-cell activity in the absence of target cells, whereas the tumoricidal activity of NK cells was enhanced by iTreg cells. Our data suggest a complex, previously not recognized, differential regulation of human NK activity by iTreg cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bergmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg - Essen, Essen, Germany
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Ogbomo H, Cinatl J, Mody CH, Forsyth PA. Immunotherapy in gliomas: limitations and potential of natural killer (NK) cell therapy. Trends Mol Med 2011; 17:433-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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