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Mtimet G, Stayoussef M, Yacoubi-Loueslati B. Prediction of the Most Probable B Cell Epitopes from (DnaK) Adhesin of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Using Immunoinformatic tools. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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2
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Rodgers ML, Toline CA, Rice CD. Humoral Immune Responses to Select Marine Bacteria in Loggerhead Sea Turtles Caretta caretta and Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtles Lepidochelys kempii from the Southeastern United States. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2018; 30:20-30. [PMID: 29595888 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Serum from Kemp's ridley sea turtles Lepidochelys kempii and loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta was collected during summer in 2011, 2012, and 2013. Serum immunoglobulin Y (IgY) recognition of lysate proteins from nine bacterial species and whole bacterium-specific IgY titers to these pathogens were quantified. Serum and purified IgY recognized proteins of all bacteria, with protein recognition for some species being more pronounced than others. Circulating IgY titers against Vibrio vulnificus, V. anguillarum, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, and Brevundimonas vesicularis changed over the years in Kemp's ridley sea turtles, while IgY titers against V. vulnificus, Escherichia coli, V. parahaemolyticus, B. vesicularis, and Mycobacterium marinum were different in loggerhead sea turtles. Serum lysozyme activity was constant for loggerhead sea turtles over the 3 years, while activity in Kemp's ridley sea turtles was lower in 2011 and 2012 than in 2013. Blood packed cell volume, glucose, and serum protein levels were comparable to those of healthy sea turtles in previous studies; therefore, this study provides baseline information on antibody responses in healthy wild sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Rodgers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Catherine A Toline
- U.S. National Park Service, Southeast Region Oceans Program, 177 Hobcaw Road, Georgetown, South Carolina, 29440, USA
| | - Charles D Rice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
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3
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Proposing low-similarity peptide vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:832341. [PMID: 20625421 PMCID: PMC2896900 DOI: 10.1155/2010/832341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the currently available proteome databases and based on the concept that a rare sequence is a potential epitope, epitopic sequences derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis were examined for similarity score to the proteins of the host in which the epitopes were defined. We found that: (i) most of the bacterial linear determinants had peptide fragment(s) that were rarely found in the host proteins and (ii) the relationship between low similarity and epitope definition appears potentially applicable to T-cell determinants. The data confirmed the hypothesis that low-sequence similarity shapes or determines the epitope definition at the molecular level and provides a potential tool for designing new approaches to prevent, diagnose, and treat tuberculosis and other infectious diseases.
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Coogan MM, Challacombe SJ. Serum and salivary antibodies to a mycobacterial 65-kDa stress protein are elevated in HIV-positive patients and modified by oral candidiasis. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2000; 15:284-9. [PMID: 11154418 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.2000.150503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA, and salivary IgA antibodies to a mycobacterial stress protein (mSP65) were determined in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and HIV-negative controls with or without oral candidiasis. Serum IgG antibodies were elevated in patients with HIV infection and AIDS and especially in subjects with candidiasis compared with controls (P < 0.02, P < 0.005). This was not apparent with serum IgA. In the absence of candidiasis, salivary IgA antibodies were elevated in HIV-positive patients compared with AIDS (P < 0.005) patients and healthy controls (P = 0.001). The relative avidity of serum IgG antibodies to mSP65 in controls with candidiasis was lower than healthy controls (P < 0.0001). In saliva there was a decrease in the relative avidity of IgA antibodies in AIDS patients with candidiasis compared with HIV patients (P < 0.03). In patients without candidiasis, the relative avidity was higher in HIV patients than healthy controls (P = 0.02). The results suggest that HIV infection leads to raised serum and salivary antibodies to heat shock proteins. Concurrent Candida infection may modify both the titer and relative avidity differently for serum and saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Coogan
- Centre for the Study of the Oral Manifestations of HIV Infection, Division of Oral Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, GKT, Guy's Hospital, Kings College, London, United Kingdom
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Turner OC, Roberts AD, Frank AA, Phalen SW, McMurray DM, Content J, Denis O, D'Souza S, Tanghe A, Huygen K, Orme IM. Lack of protection in mice and necrotizing bronchointerstitial pneumonia with bronchiolitis in guinea pigs immunized with vaccines directed against the hsp60 molecule of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Immun 2000; 68:3674-9. [PMID: 10816527 PMCID: PMC97658 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.6.3674-3679.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the hsp60 and hsp70 heat shock protein antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were tested as potential vaccine candidates, using purified recombinant protein antigens or antigens encoded in the form of a DNA plasmid vaccine. Guinea pigs vaccinated with a mixture of the two proteins showed no evidence of resistance to low-dose aerosol challenge infection and quickly developed severe lung damage characterized by necrotizing bronchointerstitial pneumonia and bronchiolitis. As a result, we turned instead to a DNA vaccination approach using a plasmid encoding the hsp60 antigen of M. tuberculosis. Although immunogenic in mice, vaccination with plasmid DNA encoding hsp60 was not protective in that model or in the guinea pig model and again gave rise to similar severe lung damage. This study seriously questions the safety of vaccines against tuberculosis that target highly conserved heat shock proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- O C Turner
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Departments of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Donoghue HD, Overend E, Stanford JL. A longitudinal study of environmental mycobacteria on a farm in south-west England. J Appl Microbiol 1997; 82:57-67. [PMID: 9113878 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1997.tb03297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil, stream beds and cattle drinking troughs were sampled every 3 months over 3 years. More than 750 putative mycobacteria were isolated and grouped into more than 50 biotypes pending full identification. Samples from woodland and farmed land yielded fewer isolates per site compared with other terrains (P < 0.05). Some seasonal effects were noted but the greatest difference was between years 1 and 3. This appeared not to be due to differences in temperature, rainfall or experimental procedure, but coincided with the introduction of organic farming practices. In year 3 there was a significant increase in nitrate-reducing slow growers, both pigmented (P < or = 0.006) and non-pigmented strains (P < or = 0.002), and a shift in biotypes was noted. In contrast, all fast growers declined with time, as did those slow growers unable to reduce nitrate. Changing farming practice may alter the profile of environmental mycobacteria, which has important implications for the immunological priming of humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Donoghue
- Department of Bacteriology, University College London, UK
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Srivastava PK. Heat shock proteins in immune response to cancer: the Fourth Paradigm. EXPERIENTIA 1994; 50:1054-60. [PMID: 7988665 DOI: 10.1007/bf01923461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of heat shock proteins in immune response is categorized into four distinct paradigms. In the First Paradigm, HSP derived from foreign organisms act as classical foreign antigens, and they elicit immune response to the non-conserved HSP epitopes. The Second Paradigm refers to instances where the host responds to self HSP to which there is no central or peripheral tolerance. The Third Paradigm involves molecular mimicry, where cross-reactivity between an HSP and another protein leads to an immune response to the latter under conditions which elicit an immune response to the former, such as infection with a bacterium whose immunodominant antigen is an HSP. The Fourth Paradigm refers to situations where an HSP-antigen complex elicits an effective response to the antigen and not to the HSP. Thus the HSP acts as a carrier for the antigenic peptide. The role of HSP in recognition by gamma delta T cells may also fall into this paradigm. In this article, the Fourth Paradigm is considered as a crucial element in the development of vaccines against cancers and infectious diseases, and is analyzed through the prism of the observed association of hsp70 species with antigenic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Srivastava
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, New York 10458
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Panchapakesan J, Daglis M, Gatenby P. Antibodies to 65 kDa and 70 kDa heat shock proteins in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunol Cell Biol 1992; 70 ( Pt 5):295-300. [PMID: 1478694 DOI: 10.1038/icb.1992.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To test the potential role of autoimmunity to the highly conserved heat shock proteins (HSP) in immune arthritides, the sera from 99 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 48 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 65 normal controls were examined by ELISA for IgG and IgM antibodies to the 65 kDa and 70 kDa heat shock proteins from Mycobacterium bovis (Bacille Calmette-Guerin; BCG). In RA sera there are significant numbers of individuals with increased IgM anti-65 kDa and anti-BCG reactivity as well as IgG anti-70 kDa when compared with controls. In SLE both IgM and IgG anti-BCG, together with IgM anti-65 kDa, differed significantly from controls. The results were compared with previous reports in similar groups of patients, and it is clear that no consistent pattern of reactivity emerges. While further work may be justified looking carefully at the disease duration and other subsets of both RA and SLE, it is difficult at this stage to conclude that antibodies to autologous HSP that cross-react with mycobacterial HSP play a major role in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Panchapakesan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Yang XD, Feige U. Heat shock proteins in autoimmune disease. From causative antigen to specific therapy? EXPERIENTIA 1992; 48:650-6. [PMID: 1639173 DOI: 10.1007/bf02118311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (hsp) are highly conserved from bacteria to man. Bacterial hsp, with approximate molecular weights of 60 kDa (hsp60), are immunodominant antigens that are immunologically cross-reactive with their mammalian counterparts. Hsp molecules are therefore useful in studies of fundamental questions concerning immune responses to foreign as opposed to self antigens. The finding that immune responses to hsp are associated with both experimentally-induced and spontaneous autoimmune diseases in animals has prompted intensive research to assess the role of bacterial hsp as the etiological agents involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. Recent evidence from animal models of autoimmune disease has clearly demonstrated the involvement of hsp in both the pathogenesis and the immunoregulation of autoimmune diseases. Studies with arthritogenic and diabetogenic T cell clones have identified immunogenic epitopes of hsp. These have been shown to ameliorate adjuvant arthritis in Lewis rats, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Such studies may have important therapeutic implications for the future treatment of human autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305
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Gaston JS. The role of heat shock protein in the persistence of arthritis. BAILLIERE'S CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY 1992; 6:309-23. [PMID: 1388097 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3579(05)80176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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11
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Yang XD, Gasser J, Feige U. Prevention of adjuvant arthritis in rats by a nonapeptide from the 65-kD mycobacterial heat shock protein: specificity and mechanism. Clin Exp Immunol 1992; 87:99-104. [PMID: 1370776 PMCID: PMC1554227 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1992.tb06420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study we have shown that Lewis rats were completely protected from adjuvant arthritis by pretreatment with a nonapeptide (residues 180-188) of the 65-kD mycobacterial heat shock protein. Here we address questions of specificity and mechanism(s) of protection. We demonstrate that complete protection against adjuvant arthritis can only be achieved by pre-immunization with the nonapeptide, while pretreatment with either the octapeptide (residues 181-188) of the 65-kD heat shock protein or unrelated immunogenic peptides failed to affect adjuvant arthritis. Interestingly, pretreatment with the nonapeptide of the 65-kD heat shock protein did not protect Lewis rats from type II collagen-induced arthritis. These results demonstrate that protection is both epitope and disease specific. Co-injection of the nonapeptide with mycobacterial antigen even at a weight ratio of 5:1 (nonapeptide:mycobacteria) failed to influence the disease, suggesting that the role of the nonapeptide is not as a 'blocking peptide'. T cells from rats immunized with nonapeptide respond to the nonapeptide as well as to mycobacteria in vitro, and adoptively transfer protection to naive recipients. The data indicate that the nonapeptide-induced protection may result from a T cell-mediated specific suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Yang
- Research Department, Ciba-Geigy, Basle, Switzerland
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12
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Feige U, Cohen IR. The 65-kDa heat-shock protein in the pathogenesis, prevention and therapy of autoimmune arthritis and diabetes mellitus in rats and mice. SPRINGER SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1991; 13:99-113. [PMID: 1776121 DOI: 10.1007/bf01225281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U Feige
- Department of Inflammation, Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerland
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Thompson SJ, Butcher PD, Patel VK, Rook GA, Stanford J, van der Zee R, Elson CJ. Modulation of pristane-induced arthritis by mycobacterial antigens. Autoimmunity 1991; 11:35-43. [PMID: 1812994 DOI: 10.3109/08916939108994706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several prominent mycobacterial protein antigens involved in antibody and T cell responses have been identified as members of highly conserved heat shock protein families. In particular, immune responses to the mycobacterial 65 kD heat shock protein (hsp65) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases both in experimental animal models and in man. Additionally, hsp65 has been shown to modulate the course of autoimmune disease in such experimental animal systems. In this report, we have examined the synthesis of heat shock proteins by a fast growing mycobacterial strain, M. vaccae, in heat stressed cultures and used the pristane induced arthritis model to investigate the immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic potential of heat killed M. vaccae. Heat shock of M. vaccae cultures at 48 degrees C demonstrated a 43-fold increase in hsp65 over that expressed at 37 degrees C. It is therefore suggested that heat killed M. vaccae contains sufficient hsp that can be presented in the context of appropriate adjuvant properties for use as an effective immunomodulatory agent. Immunisation experiments with M. vaccae revealed that protection or exacerbation of pristane induced arthritis was dependent on the dose (given in an oil or aqueous suspension), route and time of immunisation. In addition, it was demonstrated that the development of arthritis correlated with high levels of agalactosyl IgG and that "protected" animals had significantly depressed levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Thompson
- Department of Pathology, University of Bristol, UK
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