1
|
Park SH, Lu Y, Shao Y, Prophete C, Horton L, Sisco M, Lee HW, Kluz T, Sun H, Costa M, Zelikoff J, Chen LC, Gorr MW, Wold LE, Cohen MD. Longitudinal Impact of WTC Dust Inhalation on Rat Cardiac Tissue Transcriptomic Profiles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020919. [PMID: 35055737 PMCID: PMC8776213 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
First responders (FR) exposed to the World Trade Center (WTC) Ground Zero air over the first week after the 9/11 disaster have an increased heart disease incidence compared to unexposed FR and the general population. To test if WTC dusts were causative agents, rats were exposed to WTC dusts (under isoflurane [ISO] anesthesia) 2 h/day on 2 consecutive days; controls received air/ISO or air only. Hearts were collected 1, 30, 240, and 360 d post-exposure, left ventricle total RNA was extracted, and transcription profiles were obtained. The data showed that differentially expressed genes (DEG) for WTC vs. ISO rats did not reach any significance with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 at days 1, 30, and 240, indicating that the dusts did not impart effects beyond any from ISO. However, at day 360, 14 DEG with a low FDR were identified, reflecting potential long-term effects from WTC dust alone, and the majority of these DEG have been implicated as having an impact on heart functions. Furthermore, the functional gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) data at day 360 showed that WTC dust could potentially impact the myocardial energy metabolism via PPAR signaling and heart valve development. This is the first study showing that WTC dust could significantly affect some genes that are associated with the heart/CV system, in the long term. Even > 20 years after the 9/11 disaster, this has potentially important implications for those FR exposed repeatedly at Ground Zero over the first week after the buildings collapsed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Park
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuting Lu
- Departments of Population Health & Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yongzhao Shao
- Departments of Population Health & Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Colette Prophete
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Lori Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Maureen Sisco
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Thomas Kluz
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Judith Zelikoff
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Lung-Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Matthew W. Gorr
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 13210, USA; (M.W.G.); (L.E.W.)
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 13210, USA
| | - Loren E. Wold
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 13210, USA; (M.W.G.); (L.E.W.)
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 13210, USA
| | - Mitchell D. Cohen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (C.P.); (L.H.); (M.S.); (H.-W.L.); (T.K.); (H.S.); (M.C.); (J.Z.); (L.-C.C.); (M.D.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hernandez M, Harrington A, Ma Y, Galdanes K, Halzack B, Zhong M, Vaughan J, Sebasco E, Gordon T, Lippmann M, Chen LC. World Trade Center Dust induces airway inflammation while promoting aortic endothelial dysfunction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 400:115041. [PMID: 32428593 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory ailments have plagued occupational and public health communities exposed to World Trade Center (WTC) dust since the September 11, 2001 attack on the Twin Towers in Lower Manhattan. We proposed that these ailments were proposed to be induced by inhalation exposure to WTC particulate matter (WTCPM), that was released during the collapse of the buildings and its subsequent resuspension during cleanup. We investigated this hypothesis using both an in vitro and an in vivo mouse intranasal (IN) exposure models to identify the inflammatory potential of WTCPM with specific emphasis on respiratory and endothelial tissue responses. The in vitro exposure studies found WTCPM exposure to be positively correlated with cytotoxicity and increased NO2- production in both BEAS-2B pulmonary epithelial cells and THP-1 macrophage cells. The in vivo C57BL/6 mouse studies found significant increases in inflammatory markers including increases in polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) influx into nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (NLF and BALF), as well as increased levels of total protein and cytokine/chemokines levels. Concurrently, NLF, BALF, and serum NO2- levels exhibited significant homeostatic temporal deviations as well as temporal myograohic aortic dysfunction in myography studies. Respiratory exposure to- and evidence -based retention of- WTCPM may have contributed to chronic systemic effects in exposed mice that r resembled to observed effects in WTCPM-exposed human populations. Collectively, these findings are reflective of WTCPM exposure and its effect(s) on respiratory and aortic tissues, highlighting potential dysfunctional pathways that may precipitate inflammatory events, while simultaneously altering homeostatic balances. The tight interplay between these balances, when chronically altered, may contribute to- or result in- chronically diseased pathological states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hernandez
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Andrea Harrington
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Yanqin Ma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Karen Galdanes
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Beth Halzack
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Mianhua Zhong
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Joshua Vaughan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Ethan Sebasco
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Morton Lippmann
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Lung Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lieberman-Cribbin W, Tuminello S, Gillezeau C, van Gerwen M, Brody R, Mulholland DJ, Horton L, Sisco M, Prophete C, Zelikoff J, Lee HW, Park SH, Chen LC, Cohen MD, Taioli E. Complementary biobank of rodent tissue samples to study the effect of World Trade Center exposure on cancer development. J Transl Med 2019; 17:342. [PMID: 31601237 PMCID: PMC6788109 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
World Trade Center (WTC) responders were exposed to mixture of dust, smoke, chemicals and carcinogens. New York University (NYU) and Mount Sinai have recreated WTC exposure in rodents to observe the resulting systemic and local biological responses. These experiments aid in the interpretation of epidemiological observations and are useful for understanding the carcinogenesis process in the exposed human WTC cohort. Here we describe the implementation of a tissue bank system for the rodents experimentally exposed to WTC dust. NYU samples were experimentally exposed to WTC dust via intratracheal inhalation that mimicked conditions in the immediate aftermath of the disaster. Tissue from Mount Sinai was derived from genetically modified mice exposed to WTC dust via nasal instillation. All processed tissues include annotations of the experimental design, WTC dust concentration/dose, exposure route and duration, genetic background of the rodent, and method of tissue isolation/storage. A biobank of tissue from rodents exposed to WTC dust has been compiled representing an important resource for the scientific community. The biobank remains available as a scientific resource for future research through established mechanisms for samples request and utilization. Studies using the WTC tissue bank would benefit from confirming their findings in corresponding tissues from organs of animals experimentally exposed to WTC dust. Studies on rodent tissues will advance the understanding of the biology of the tumors developed by WTC responders and ultimately impact the modalities of treatment, and the probability of success and survival of WTC cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wil Lieberman-Cribbin
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1133, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Stephanie Tuminello
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1133, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Christina Gillezeau
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1133, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Maaike van Gerwen
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1133, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Rachel Brody
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David J Mulholland
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lori Horton
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo Park, NY, USA
| | - Maureen Sisco
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo Park, NY, USA
| | - Colette Prophete
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo Park, NY, USA
| | - Judith Zelikoff
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo Park, NY, USA
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo Park, NY, USA
| | - Sung-Hyun Park
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo Park, NY, USA
| | - Lung-Chi Chen
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo Park, NY, USA
| | - Mitchell D Cohen
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo Park, NY, USA
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1133, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gong Y, Wang L, Yu H, Alpert N, Cohen MD, Prophete C, Horton L, Sisco M, Park SH, Lee HW, Zelikoff J, Chen LC, Hashim D, Suarez-Farinas M, Donovan MJ, Aaronson SA, Galsky M, Zhu J, Taioli E, Oh WK. Prostate Cancer in World Trade Center Responders Demonstrates Evidence of an Inflammatory Cascade. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1605-1612. [PMID: 31221798 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An excess incidence of prostate cancer has been identified among World Trade Center (WTC) responders. In this study, we hypothesized that WTC dust, which contained carcinogens and tumor-promoting agents, could facilitate prostate cancer development by inducing DNA damage, promoting cell proliferation, and causing chronic inflammation. We compared expression of immunologic and inflammatory genes using a NanoString assay on archived prostate tumors from WTC Health Program (WTCHP) patients and non-WTC patients with prostate cancer. Furthermore, to assess immediate and delayed responses of prostate tissue to acute WTC dust exposure via intratracheal inhalation, we performed RNA-seq on the prostate of normal rats that were exposed to moderate to high doses of WTC dust. WTC prostate cancer cases showed significant upregulation of genes involved in DNA damage and G2-M arrest. Cell-type enrichment analysis showed that Th17 cells, a subset of proinflammatory Th cells, were specifically upregulated in WTC patients. In rats exposed to WTC dust, we observed upregulation of gene transcripts of cell types involved in both adaptive immune response (dendritic cells and B cells) and inflammatory response (Th17 cells) in the prostate. Unexpectedly, genes in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway were also significantly upregulated 30 days after acute dust exposure. Our results suggest that respiratory exposure to WTC dust can induce inflammatory and immune responses in prostate tissue. IMPLICATIONS: WTC-related prostate cancer displayed a distinct gene expression pattern that could be the result of exposure to specific carcinogens. Our data warrant further epidemiologic and cellular mechanistic studies to better understand the consequences of WTC dust exposure.Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/17/8/1605/F1.large.jpg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Gong
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, Connecticut
| | - Haocheng Yu
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, Connecticut
| | - Naomi Alpert
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mitchell D Cohen
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo Park, New York
| | - Colette Prophete
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo Park, New York
| | - Lori Horton
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo Park, New York
| | - Maureen Sisco
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo Park, New York
| | - Sung-Hyun Park
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo Park, New York
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo Park, New York
| | - Judith Zelikoff
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo Park, New York
| | - Lung-Chi Chen
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo Park, New York
| | - Dana Hashim
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mayte Suarez-Farinas
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Donovan
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Matthew Galsky
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, Connecticut
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - William K Oh
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lippmann M, Cohen MD, Chen LC. Health effects of World Trade Center (WTC) Dust: An unprecedented disaster's inadequate risk management. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 45:492-530. [PMID: 26058443 PMCID: PMC4686342 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1044601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The World Trade Center (WTC) twin towers in New York City collapsed on 9/11/2001, converting much of the buildings' huge masses into dense dust clouds of particles that settled on the streets and within buildings throughout Lower Manhattan. About 80-90% of the settled WTC Dust, ranging in particle size from ∼2.5 μm upward, was a highly alkaline mixture of crushed concrete, gypsum, and synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs) that was readily resuspendable by physical disturbance and low-velocity air currents. High concentrations of coarse and supercoarse WTC Dust were inhaled and deposited in the conductive airways in the head and lungs, and subsequently swallowed, causing both physical and chemical irritation to the respiratory and gastroesophageal epithelia. There were both acute and chronic adverse health effects in rescue/recovery workers; cleanup workers; residents; and office workers, especially in those lacking effective personal respiratory protective equipment. The numerous health effects in these people were not those associated with the monitored PM2.5 toxicants, which were present at low concentrations, that is, asbestos fibers, transition and heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons or PAHs, and dioxins. Attention was never directed at the very high concentrations of the larger-sized and highly alkaline WTC Dust particles that, in retrospect, contained the more likely causal toxicants. Unfortunately, the initial focus of the air quality monitoring and guidance on exposure prevention programs on low-concentration components was never revised. Public agencies need to be better prepared to provide reliable guidance to the public on more appropriate means of exposure assessment, risk assessment, and preventive measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morton Lippmann
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University , Tuxedo, NY , USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|