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Chen CL, Yang J, James IOA, Zhang HY, Besner GE. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor restores Wnt/β-catenin signaling in intestinal stem cells exposed to ischemia/reperfusion injury. Surgery 2014; 155:1069-80. [PMID: 24856127 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated that heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF) protects the intestines from injury in several different experimental animal models. In the current study, we investigated whether the ability of HB-EGF to protect the intestines from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was related to its effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in intestinal stem cells (ISC). METHODS Lucien-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5)-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgenic (TG) mice with fluorescently labeled ISC, as well as the same mice treated with intraluminal HB-EGF or genetically engineered to overexpress HB-EGF, were exposed to segmental mesenteric artery occlusion (sMAO) to the terminal ilium. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was evaluated using immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting. RESULTS LGR5 expression and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the ISC of the terminal ilium of LGR5-EGFP TG mice was significantly reduced 24 hours after sMAO. Intraluminal administration of HB-EGF or HB-EGF overexpression in these mice led to preservation of LGR5 expression and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. CONCLUSION These data show that HB-EGF preserves Wnt/β-catenin signaling in ISC after I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liang Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Jixin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Iyore O A James
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Hong-Yi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Gail E Besner
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.
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Yang J, Su Y, Zhou Y, Besner GE. Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) therapy for intestinal injury: Application and future prospects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 21:95-104. [PMID: 24345808 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the past 20 years, we have been investigating the potential therapeutic roles of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), a member of the epidermal growth factor family, in various models of intestinal injury including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HS/R). Our studies have demonstrated that HB-EGF acts as an effective mitogen, a restitution-inducing reagent, a cellular trophic factor, an anti-apoptotic protein and a vasodilator, via its effects on various cell types in the intestine. In the current paper, we have reviewed the application and therapeutic effects of HB-EGF in three classic animal models of intestinal injury, with particular emphasis on its protection of the intestines from NEC. Additionally, we have summarized the protective functions of HB-EGF on various target cells in the intestine. Lastly, we have provided a brief discussion focusing on the future development of HB-EGF clinical applications for the treatment of various forms of intestinal injury including NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Yang
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
| | - Yanwei Su
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
| | - Yu Zhou
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
| | - Gail E Besner
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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Bongers G, Muniz LR, Pacer ME, Iuga AC, Thirunarayanan N, Slinger E, Smit MJ, Reddy EP, Mayer L, Furtado GC, Harpaz N, Lira SA. A role for the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in development of intestinal serrated polyps in mice and humans. Gastroenterology 2012; 143:730-740. [PMID: 22643351 PMCID: PMC3431560 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Epithelial cancers can be initiated by activating mutations in components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway such as v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF), v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Human intestinal serrated polyps are a heterogeneous group of benign lesions, but some progress to colorectal cancer. Tumors that arise from these polyps frequently contain activating mutations in BRAF or KRAS, but little is known about the role of EGFR activation in their development. METHODS Polyp samples were obtained from adults during screening colonoscopies at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York. We measured levels of EGFR protein and phosphorylation in human serrated polyps by immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses. We generated transgenic mice that express the ligand for EGFR, Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), in the intestine. RESULTS EGFR and the extracellular-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 were phosphorylated in serrated areas of human hyperplastic polyps (HPPs), sessile serrated adenomas, and traditional serrated adenomas. EGFR and ERK1/2 were phosphorylated in the absence of KRAS or BRAF activating mutations in a subset of HPP. Transgenic expression of the EGFR ligand HB-EGF in the intestines of mice promoted development of small cecal serrated polyps. Mice that expressed a combination of HB-EGF and US28 (a constitutively active, G-protein-coupled receptor that increases processing of HB-EGF from the membrane) rapidly developed large cecal serrated polyps. These polyps were similar to HPPs and had increased phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2 within the serrated epithelium. Administration of pharmacologic inhibitors of EGFR or MAPK to these transgenic mice significantly reduced polyp development. CONCLUSIONS Activation of EGFR signaling in the intestine of mice promotes development of serrated polyps. EGFR signaling also is activated in human HPPs, sessile serrated adenomas, and traditional serrated adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerold Bongers
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Ave, Box 1630, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Luciana R. Muniz
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Ave, Box 1630, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Michelle E. Pacer
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Ave, Box 1630, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Alina C. Iuga
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathology, Department of Pathology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nanthakumar Thirunarayanan
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Ave, Box 1630, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Erik Slinger
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Ave, Box 1630, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Martine J. Smit
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. Premkumar Reddy
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lloyd Mayer
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Ave, Box 1630, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Glaucia C. Furtado
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Ave, Box 1630, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Noam Harpaz
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathology, Department of Pathology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sergio A. Lira
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Ave, Box 1630, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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Yang J, Watkins D, Chen CL, Bhushan B, Zhou Y, Besner GE. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor and mesenchymal stem cells act synergistically to prevent experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. J Am Coll Surg 2012; 215:534-45. [PMID: 22819639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have shown that administration of heparin-binding EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like growth factor (HB-EGF) protects the intestines from experimental necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We have also demonstrated that systemically administered mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can engraft into injured intestines. This study investigated the effects of HB-EGF on MSC in vitro, and whether MSC and HB-EGF can act synergistically to prevent NEC in vivo. STUDY DESIGN In vitro, the effect of HB-EGF on MSC proliferation, migration, and apoptosis was determined. In vivo, rat pups received MSC either intraperitoneally (IP) or intravenously (IV). Pups were assigned to 1 of 7 groups: Group 1, breast-fed; Group 2, experimental NEC; Group 3, NEC+HB-EGF; Group 4, NEC+MSC IP; Group 5, NEC+HB-EGF+MSC IP; Group 6, NEC+MSC IV; or Group 7, NEC+HB-EGF+MSC IV. Mesechymal stem cell engraftment, histologic injury, intestinal permeability, and mortality were determined. RESULTS Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor promoted MSC proliferation and migration, and decreased MSC apoptosis in vitro. In vivo, MSC administered IV had increased engraftment into NEC-injured intestine compared with MSC administered IP (p < 0.05). Heparin binding EGF-like growth factor increased engraftment of IP-administered MSC (p < 0.01) and IV-administered MSC (p < 0.05). Pups in Groups 3 to 7 had a decreased incidence of NEC compared with nontreated pups (Group 2), with the lowest incidence in pups treated with HB-EGF+MSC IV (p < 0.01). Pups in Group 7 had a significantly decreased incidence of intestinal dilation and perforation, and had the lowest intestinal permeability, compared with other treatment groups (p < 0.01). Pups in all experimental groups had significantly improved survival compared with pups exposed to NEC, with the best survival in Group 7 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor and MSC act synergistically to reduce injury and improve survival in experimental NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Yang
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, and the Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Chen CL, Yu X, James IOA, Zhang HY, Yang J, Radulescu A, Zhou Y, Besner GE. Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor protects intestinal stem cells from injury in a rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis. J Transl Med 2012; 92:331-44. [PMID: 22157721 PMCID: PMC3289750 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2011.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an often catastrophic disease that typically affects premature newborns. Although the exact etiology of NEC is uncertain, the disease is associated with formula feeding, bacterial colonization of the gut, hypoxia and hypoperfusion. In light of the pathogenesis of NEC, the integrity and function of the intestinal mucosa has a major defensive role against the initiation of NEC. Various forms of intestinal injury, including NEC, injure the intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) lineages, including the intestinal stem cells (ISCs), thereby disrupting the normal homeostasis needed to maintain gut barrier function. In the current study, we examined the effects of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) administration on enterocytes, goblet cells, neuroendocrine cells and ISCs in a newborn rat model of experimental NEC. We also examined the cytoprotective effects of HB-EGF on ISCs in in vitro cell cultures and in ex vivo crypt-villous organoid cultures. We found that HB-EGF protects all IEC lineages, including ISCs, from injury. We further found that HB-EGF protects isolated ISCs from hypoxic injury in vitro, and promotes ISC activation and survival, and the expansion of crypt transit-amplifying cells, in ex vivo crypt-villous organoid cultures. The protective effects of HB-EGF were dependent on EGF receptor activation, and were mediated via the MEK1/2 and PI3K signaling pathways. These results show that the intestinal cytoprotective effects of HB-EGF are mediated, at least in part, through its ability to protect ISCs from injury.
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Zhang HY, Radulescu A, Chen CL, Olson JK, Darbyshire AK, Besner GE. Mice overexpressing the gene for heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) have increased resistance to hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. Surgery 2010; 149:276-83. [PMID: 20965535 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to determine whether overexpression of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) could protect the intestines from injury after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in mice. METHODS Hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation was induced in HB-EGF transgenic and wild type mice. Cross-reacting material 197 (5 mg/kg) was administered to a subset of HB-EGF transgenic mice to block the overexpressed HB-EGF. Intestinal histologic injury scores, intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis indices, and gut barrier function were determined. The Student t test and 1-way analysis of variance were employed to compare the differences between groups. RESULTS All mice subjected to hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation had significantly increased intestinal histologic injury scores, apoptosis indices, and intestinal permeability compared with sham-operated mice. Compared with wild type mice, HB-EGF transgenic mice had significantly decreased histologic injury (mean injury grade 2.79 ± 0.84 vs 3.88 ± 1.43, P = .02), apoptosis indices (mean apoptosis index 8.77 ± 5.23 vs 17.91 ± 13.23, P = .03), and mucosal permeability (FITC-dextran 4 clearance 13.06 ± 5.67 vs 20.03 ± 7.81 nL/min/ m(2), P = .02) at 3 hours of reperfusion. HB-EGF transgenic mice subjected to hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation and treated with cross-reacting material 197 had a significantly increased histologic injury (mean injury grade 3.63 ± 1.00 vs 2.79 ± 0.84, P = .04) and mucosal permeability (FITC-dextran 4 clearance 22.87 ± 9.69 vs 13.06 ± 5.67 nL/min/cm2, P = .01) at 3 hours of reperfusion compared with non-cross-reacting material 197 treated transgenic mice, with no significant changes in apoptosis indices. Cross-reacting material 197 did not reverse the decreased apoptosis observed in HB-EGF transgenic mice subjected to hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation, which suggests that mechanisms in addition to decreased apoptosis may be responsible for the intestinal cytoprotective effects of endogenous HB-EGF overexpression. CONCLUSION Overexpression of HB-EGF increases resistance to hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-yi Zhang
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Radulescu A, Zhang HY, Yu X, Olson JK, Darbyshire AK, Chen Y, Besner GE. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor overexpression in transgenic mice increases resistance to necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2010; 45:1933-9. [PMID: 20920709 PMCID: PMC2953427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency and the leading surgical cause of death in premature infants. We have shown that administration of exogenous heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) in mice protects the intestines from experimental NEC. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of gain-of-function of endogenous HB-EGF on susceptibility to NEC. METHODS Neonatal HB-EGF transgenic (TG) mice and their wild-type (WT) counterparts were exposed to experimental NEC. An additional group of HB-EGF TG pups were also exposed to NEC, but received the HB-EGF antagonist cross-reacting material 197 (CRM197) injected subcutaneously immediately after birth. To examine gut barrier function, HB-EGF TG and WT pups received intragastric fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran under basal and stressed conditions, and serum fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran levels were measured. RESULTS Wild-type mice had an incidence of NEC of 54.2%, whereas HB-EGF TG mice had a significantly decreased incidence of NEC of 22.7% (P = .03). Importantly, administration of CRM197 to HB-EGF TG pups significantly increased the incidence of NEC to 65% (P = .004). HB-EGF TG mice had significantly decreased intestinal permeability compared to WT mice both under basal and stressed conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that overexpression of the HB-EGF gene decreases susceptibility to NEC and that administration of the HB-EGF antagonist CRM197 reverses this protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Radulescu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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Radulescu A, Zhang HY, Chen CL, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Yu X, Otabor I, Olson JK, Besner GE. Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor promotes intestinal anastomotic healing. J Surg Res 2010; 171:540-50. [PMID: 20850767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have accumulated multiple lines of evidence supporting the ability of HB-EGF to protect the intestines from injury and to augment the healing of partial-thickness scald burns of the skin. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) in intestinal anastomotic wound healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS HB-EGF (-/-) knockout (KO) mice (n=42) and their HB-EGF (+/+) wild type (WT) counterparts (n=33), as well as HB-EGF transgenic (TG) mice (n=26) and their (WT) counterparts (n=27), underwent division and reanastomosis of the terminal ileum. In addition, WT mice (n=21) that received enteral HB-EGF (800 μg/kg) underwent the same operative procedure. Anastomotic bursting pressure was measured at 3 and 6 d postoperatively. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to assess anastomotic healing, and Picrosirus red to assess collagen deposition. Immunohistochemistry using anti-von Willebrand factor antibodies was performed to assess angiogenesis. Complications and mortality were also recorded. RESULTS HB-EGF KO mice had significantly lower bursting pressures, lower healing scores, higher mortality, and higher complication rates postoperatively compared with WT mice. Collagen deposition and angiogenesis were significantly decreased in KO mice compared with WT mice. Conversely, HB-EGF TG mice had increased anastomotic bursting pressure, higher healing scores, lower mortality, lower complication rates, increased collagen deposition, and increased angiogenesis postoperatively compared with WT mice. WT mice that received HB-EGF had increased bursting pressures compared with non-HB-EGF treated mice. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that HB-EGF is an important factor involved in the healing of intestinal anastomoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Radulescu
- Center for Perinatal Research, Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
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James IAO, Chen CL, Huang G, Zhang HY, Velten M, Besner GE. HB-EGF protects the lungs after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Surg Res 2010; 163:86-95. [PMID: 20599214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome continues to be a major source of morbidity and mortality in critically-ill patients. Heparin binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a biologically active protein that acts as an intestinal cytoprotective agent. We have previously demonstrated that HB-EGF protects the intestines from injury in several different animal models of intestinal injury. In the current study, we investigated the ability of HB-EGF to protect the lungs from remote organ injury after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). METHODS Mice were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (1) sham-operated; (2) sham+HB-EGF (1200 microg/kg in 0.6 mL administered by intra-luminal injection at the jejuno-ileal junction immediately after identification of the superior mesenteric artery); (3) superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 6 h (I/R); or (4) I/R+HB-EGF (1200 microg/kg in 0.6 mL) administered 15 min after vascular occlusion. The severity of acute lung injury was determined by histology, morphometric analysis and invasive pulmonary function testing. Animal survival was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS Mice subjected to intestinal I/R injury showed histologic and functional evidence of acute lung injury and decreased survival compared with sham-operated animals. Compared with mice treated with HB-EGF (I/R+HB-EGF), the I/R group had more severe acute lung injury, and decreased survival. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that HB-EGF reduces the severity of acute lung injury after intestinal I/R in mice. These data demonstrate that HB-EGF may be a potential novel systemic anti-inflammatory agent for the prevention of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) after intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyore A O James
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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