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Voronkov NS, Maslov LN, Vyshlov EV, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Ryabov VV, Derkachev IA, Kan A, Gusakova SV, Gombozhapova AE, Panteleev OO. Do platelets protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury or exacerbate cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury? The role of PDGF, VEGF, and PAF. Life Sci 2024; 347:122617. [PMID: 38608835 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the main causes of death. It is quite obvious that there is an urgent need to develop new approaches for treatment of AMI. OBJECTIVE This review analyzes data on the role of platelets in the regulation of cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). METHODS It was performed a search of topical articles using PubMed databases. FINDINGS Platelets activated by a cholesterol-enriched diet, thrombin, and myocardial ischemia exacerbate I/R injury of the heart. The P2Y12 receptor antagonists, remote ischemic postconditioning and conditioning alter the properties of platelets. Platelets acquire the ability to increase cardiac tolerance to I/R. Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) increase tolerance of cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells to I/R. PDGF receptors (PDGFRs) were found in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. PDGFs decrease infarct size and partially abrogate adverse postinfarction remodeling. Protein kinase C, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and Akt involved in the cytoprotective effect of PDGFs. Vascular endothelial growth factor increased cardiac tolerance to I/R and alleviated adverse postinfarction remodeling. The platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor inhibitors increase cardiac tolerance to I/R in vivo. PAF enhances cardiac tolerance to I/R in vitro. It is possible that PAF receptor inhibitors could protect the heart by blocking PAF receptor localized outside the heart. PAF protects the heart through activation of PAF receptor localized in cardiomyocytes or endothelial cells. Reactive oxygen species and kinases are involved in the cardioprotective effect of PAF. CONCLUSION Platelets play an important role in the regulation of cardiac tolerance to I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita S Voronkov
- Department of Emergency Cardiology and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Leonid N Maslov
- Department of Emergency Cardiology and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Evgeniy V Vyshlov
- Department of Emergency Cardiology and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V Mukhomedzyanov
- Department of Emergency Cardiology and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav V Ryabov
- Department of Emergency Cardiology and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ivan A Derkachev
- Department of Emergency Cardiology and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Artur Kan
- Department of Emergency Cardiology and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Gusakova
- Department of Biophysics and Functional Diagnostics, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexandra E Gombozhapova
- Department of Emergency Cardiology and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oleg O Panteleev
- Department of Emergency Cardiology and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
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2
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Wang L, Liu Y, Tian R, Zuo W, Qian H, Wang L, Yang X, Liu Z, Zhang S. What do we know about platelets in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and why is it important? Thromb Res 2023; 229:114-126. [PMID: 37437517 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), the joint result of ischemic injury and reperfusion injury, is associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that activated platelets directly contribute to the pathogenesis of MIRI through participating in the formation of microthrombi, interaction with leukocytes, secretion of active substances, constriction of microvasculature, and activation of spinal afferent nerves. The molecular mechanisms underlying the above detrimental effects of activated platelets include the homotypic and heterotypic interactions through surface receptors, transduction of intracellular signals, and secretion of active substances. Revealing the roles of platelet activation in MIRI and the associated mechanisms would provide potential targets/strategies for the clinical evaluation and treatment of MIRI. Further studies are needed to characterize the temporal (ischemia phase vs. reperfusion phase) and spatial (systemic vs. local) distributions of platelet activation in MIRI by multi-omics strategies. To improve the likelihood of translating novel cardioprotective interventions into clinical practice, basic researches maximally replicating the complexity of clinical scenarios would be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ran Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hao Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinglin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
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3
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Polzin A, Dannenberg L, Benkhoff M, Barcik M, Helten C, Mourikis P, Ahlbrecht S, Wildeis L, Ziese J, Zikeli D, Metzen D, Hu H, Baensch L, Schröder NH, Keul P, Weske S, Wollnitzke P, Duse D, Saffak S, Cramer M, Bönner F, Müller T, Gräler MH, Zeus T, Kelm M, Levkau B. Revealing concealed cardioprotection by platelet Mfsd2b-released S1P in human and murine myocardial infarction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2404. [PMID: 37100836 PMCID: PMC10133218 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiplatelet medication is standard of care in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, it may have obscured beneficial properties of the activated platelet secretome. We identify platelets as major source of a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) burst during AMI, and find its magnitude to favorably associate with cardiovascular mortality and infarct size in STEMI patients over 12 months. Experimentally, administration of supernatant from activated platelets reduces infarct size in murine AMI, which is blunted in platelets deficient for S1P export (Mfsd2b) or production (Sphk1) and in mice deficient for cardiomyocyte S1P receptor 1 (S1P1). Our study reveals an exploitable therapeutic window in antiplatelet therapy in AMI as the GPIIb/IIIa antagonist tirofiban preserves S1P release and cardioprotection, whereas the P2Y12 antagonist cangrelor does not. Here, we report that platelet-mediated intrinsic cardioprotection is an exciting therapeutic paradigm reaching beyond AMI, the benefits of which may need to be considered in all antiplatelet therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Polzin
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lisa Dannenberg
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcel Benkhoff
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maike Barcik
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carolin Helten
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Mourikis
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Samantha Ahlbrecht
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Wildeis
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Justus Ziese
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dorothee Zikeli
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Metzen
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leonard Baensch
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nathalie H Schröder
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Keul
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Weske
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Wollnitzke
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dragos Duse
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Süreyya Saffak
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mareike Cramer
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian Bönner
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tina Müller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus H Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Zeus
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Reid S, Scholey JW. Recent Approaches to Targeting Canonical NF κB Signaling in the Early Inflammatory Response to Renal IRI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2117-2124. [PMID: 34108233 PMCID: PMC8729839 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is the most common cause of in-hospital AKI and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. IRI is associated with an early phase of inflammation primarily regulated by the canonical NFκB signaling pathway. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of IRI, few therapeutic strategies have emerged. The purpose of this manuscript is to review interventions targeting NFκB after IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Reid
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James W. Scholey
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Protective Role of Platelets in Myocardial Infarction and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Cardiol Res Pract 2021; 2021:5545416. [PMID: 34123416 PMCID: PMC8169247 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5545416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic occlusion of the coronary artery is a key component in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction (MI). The standard therapy for ischemia is revascularization and restoration of blood flow to previously ischemic myocardium. Paradoxically, reperfusion may result in further tissue damage called ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Platelets play a major role in the pathogenesis of MI and IRI, since they contribute to the thrombus and microthrombi formation, inflammation, release of immunomodulatory mediators, and vasoconstrictive molecules. Antiplatelet therapies have proven efficacy in the prevention of thrombosis and play a protective role in cardiac IRI. Beyond the deterioration effect of platelets in MI and IRI, in the 90s the first reports on a protective effect of molecules released from platelets during MI appeared. However, the role of platelets in cardioprotection is still poorly understood. This review describes the involvement of platelets in MI, IRI, and inflammation. It mainly focuses on the protective role of platelets in MI and IRI. Platelets are involved in cardioprotection based on platelet-releasing molecules and antiplatelet therapy, apart from antiaggregatory effects. Additionally, the use of platelet-derived microparticles as possible markers of MI, with and without comorbidities, and their role in cardioprotection are discussed. This review is aimed at illustrating the present knowledge on the role of platelets in MI and IRI, especially in a context of cardioprotection.
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6
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Inhibition of BRD4 Reduces Neutrophil Activation and Adhesion to the Vascular Endothelium Following Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249620. [PMID: 33348732 PMCID: PMC7767067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with inflammation, including neutrophil infiltration that exacerbates the initial ischemic insult. The molecular pathways involved are poorly characterized and there is currently no treatment. We performed an in silico analysis demonstrating changes in NFκB-mediated gene expression in early renal IRI. We then evaluated NFκB-blockade with a BRD4 inhibitor on neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells in vitro, and tested BRD4 inhibition in an in vivo IRI model. BRD4 inhibition attenuated neutrophil adhesion to activated endothelial cells. In vivo, IRI led to increased expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules at 6 h post-IRI with sustained up-regulated expression to 48 h post-IRI. These effects were attenuated, in part, with BRD4 inhibition. Absolute neutrophil counts increased significantly in the bone marrow, blood, and kidney 24 h post-IRI. Activated neutrophils increased in the blood and kidney at 6 h post-IRI and remained elevated in the kidney until 48 h post-IRI. BRD4 inhibition reduced both total and activated neutrophil counts in the kidney. IRI-induced tubular injury correlated with neutrophil accumulation and was reduced by BRD4 inhibition. In summary, BRD4 inhibition has important systemic and renal effects on neutrophils, and these effects are associated with reduced renal injury.
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7
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Schanze N, Bode C, Duerschmied D. Platelet Contributions to Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1260. [PMID: 31244834 PMCID: PMC6562336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstruction of a coronary artery causes ischemia of heart tissue leading to myocardial infarction. Prolonged oxygen deficiency provokes tissue necrosis, which can result in heart failure and death of the patient. Therefore, restoration of coronary blood flow (reperfusion of the ischemic area) by re-canalizing the affected vessel is essential for a better patient outcome. Paradoxically, sudden reperfusion also causes tissue injury, thereby increasing the initial ischemic damage despite restoration of blood flow (=ischemia/reperfusion injury, IRI). Myocardial IRI is a complex event that involves various harmful mechanisms (e.g., production of reactive oxygen species and local increase in calcium ions) as well as inflammatory cells and signals like chemokines and cytokines. An involvement of platelets in the inflammatory reaction associated with IRI was discovered several years ago, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This mini review focusses on platelet contributions to the intricate picture of myocardial IRI. We summarize how upregulation of platelet surface receptors and release of immunomodulatory mediators lead to aggravation of myocardial IRI and subsequent cardiac damage by different mechanisms such as recruitment and activation of immune cells or modification of the cardiac vascular endothelium. In addition, evidence for cardioprotective roles of distinct platelet factors during IRI will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Schanze
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Russo I, Femminò S, Barale C, Tullio F, Geuna S, Cavalot F, Pagliaro P, Penna C. Cardioprotective Properties of Human Platelets Are Lost in Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus: A Study in Isolated Rat Hearts. Front Physiol 2018; 9:875. [PMID: 30042694 PMCID: PMC6048273 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets affect myocardial damage from ischemia/reperfusion. Redox-dependent sphingosine-1-phosphate production and release are altered in diabetic platelets. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a double-edged sword for ischemia/reperfusion injury. Therefore, we aimed to verify whether: (1) human healthy- or diabetic-platelets are cardioprotective, (2) sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors and downstream kinases play a role in platelet-induced cardioprotection, and (3) a correlation between platelet redox status and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury exists. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30-min ischemia and 1-h reperfusion. Infarct size was studied in hearts pretreated with healthy- or diabetic-platelets. Healthy-platelets were co-infused with sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor blocker, ERK-1/2 inhibitor, PI3K antagonist or PKC inhibitor to ascertain the cardioprotective mechanisms. In platelets we assessed (i) aggregation response to ADP, collagen, and arachidonic-acid, (ii) cyclooxygenase-1 levels, and (iii) AKT and ERK-phosphorylation. Platelet sphingosine-1-phosphate production and platelet levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified and correlated to infarct size. Infarct size was reduced by about 22% in healthy-platelets pretreated hearts only. This cardioprotective effect was abrogated by either sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors or ERK/PI3K/PKC pathway blockade. Cyclooxygenase-1 levels and aggregation indices were higher in diabetic-platelets than healthy-platelets. Diabetic-platelets released less sphingosine-1-phosphate than healthy-platelets when mechanical or chemically stimulated in vitro. Yet, ROS levels were higher in diabetic-platelets and correlated with infarct size. Cardioprotective effects of healthy-platelet depend on the platelet’s capacity to activate cardiac sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors and ERK/PI3K/PKC pathways. However, diabetic-platelets release less S1P and lose cardioprotective effects. Platelet ROS levels correlate with infarct size. Whether these redox alterations are responsible for sphingosine-1-phosphate dysfunction in diabetic-platelets remains to be ascertained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Russo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, AOU San Luigi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, AOU San Luigi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Ricerche Cardiovascolari (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Barale
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, AOU San Luigi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Tullio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, AOU San Luigi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Ricerche Cardiovascolari (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, AOU San Luigi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Cavalot
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, AOU San Luigi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Ospedale San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, AOU San Luigi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Ricerche Cardiovascolari (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, AOU San Luigi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Ricerche Cardiovascolari (INRC), Bologna, Italy
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9
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Yang T, Zhang X, Ma C, Chen Y. TGF-β/Smad3 pathway enhances the cardio-protection of S1R/SIPR1 in in vitro ischemia-reperfusion myocardial cell model. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:178-184. [PMID: 29896238 PMCID: PMC5995059 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is usually associated with a high risk of cardiomyocyte death in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β are thought to be involved in the protection of cardiomyocyte and heart function following IR-induced injury. However, the possible association of S1P and S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) with the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway as the potential protective mechanism has remained to be investigated. In the present study, an in vitro ischemia/reperfusion injury model was established and evaluated by analysis of apoptosis, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and caspase3 activity. The mRNA and protein levels of S1PR1, TGF-β and Smad3 after treatment with 1 µM S1P alone or combined with 0.4 µM W146 (a specific S1PR1 antagonist) were assessed. The mRNA expression of five S1PRs (S1PR1-5) and the protein levels of S1PR1 were also assayed following treatment with 1 ng/ml TGF-β for 0, 4 or 24 h. The mRNA expression of S1PR1 and the levels of S1P were further assessed following exposure to 10 µM SB4 (TGFβR1 inhibitor) plus 1 ng/ml TGF-β and 2 µM SIS3 (Smad3 inhibitor) plus 1 ng/ml TGF-β. The results indicated that apoptosis, LDH release and caspase3 activity were all increased in the established IR model. Exogenous S1P increased the mRNA and protein levels of S1PR1, TGF-β and Smad3, which was abolished by addition of W146. Extraneous TGF-β resulted in the stimulation of several S1PRs, most prominently of S1PR1, while supplementation with SB4 and SIS3 offset the stimulation by TGF-β. These results suggested that the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway was closely associated with S1P/S1PR1 in the protection of myocardial cells from IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingfang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Mental Health Hospital/Daizhuang Hospital of Shandong, Jining, Shandong 272051, P.R. China
| | - Cuimei Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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10
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Matarese G, Isola G, Anastasi GP, Favaloro A, Milardi D, Vermiglio G, Vita G, Cordasco G, Cutroneo G. Immunohistochemical analysis of TGF-β1 and VEGF in gingival and periodontal tissues: a role of these biomarkers in the pathogenesis of scleroderma and periodontal disease. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:502-8. [PMID: 22692760 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is characterized by inflammation and bone loss. The balance between inflammatory mediators and their counter-regulatory molecules may be fundamental for determining the outcome of the immune pathology of periodontal disease. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) represent a family of polypeptide proteins involved in the inflammation and regulation of immune responses, especially in rheumatic disease. The relationship between these growth factors and periodontitis has resulted in a new field of osteoimmunology and provides a context for better understanding the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the protein expression profile of these inflammatory mediators in 90 patients divided in three groups: healthy control, chronic periodontitis and in rheumatic disease, scleroderma. The findings presented here highlight that biomarkers, such as TGF-β1 and VEGF, play a key role in the evolution of the immune response, which in turn influences the outcome of disease establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Matarese
- Department of Odontostomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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11
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Lis-Święty A, Gola J, Mazurek U, Brzezińska-Wcisło L. Transcriptional activity of genes coding transforming growth factor β-1 and its receptors in patients with systemic sclerosis and Raynaud phenomenon. J Dermatol Sci 2009; 54:216-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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13
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Dandapat A, Hu CP, Li D, Liu Y, Chen H, Hermonat PL, Mehta JL. Overexpression of TGFbeta1 by adeno-associated virus type-2 vector protects myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Gene Ther 2007; 15:415-23. [PMID: 18004403 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3303071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta(1) (TGFbeta(1)) has been purported to protect tissues from ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. This study was designed to examine if overexpression of TGFbeta(1) using adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV) protects cardiomyocytes from reoxygenation injury. TGFbeta(1) was overexpressed in cultured HL-1 mouse cardiomyocytes by transfection with AAV/TGFbeta(1)(Latent) or with AAV/TGFbeta(1)(ACT) (active TGFbeta(1)). TGFbeta(1) upregulation reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and necrosis induced by 24 h of hypoxia followed by 3 h of reoxygenation concomitant with reduction in reactive oxygen species release, activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and NF-kappaB expression. Transfection with AAV/TGFbeta(1)(ACT) was superior to that with AAV/TGFbeta(1)(Latent). To determine if AAV/TGFbeta(1)(ACT) upregulation in vivo would induce cardioprotection from I-R injury, rat hearts were injected with AAV/TGFbeta(1)(ACT) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Six weeks later, TGFbeta(1)(ACT) was upregulated throughout the myocardium. Following I-R, AAV/TGFbeta(1)(ACT)-overexpressing rats had much smaller infarct size (P<0.01 vs PBS group), which was also related to reduced activation of NADPH oxidase and NF-kappaB, and lower levels of malondialdehyde in I-R tissues. These data demonstrate that overexpression of TGFbeta(1) by AAV can protect cardiac tissues from reperfusion injury, possibly via antioxidant mechanism. These findings suggest potential of TGFbeta(1)(ACT) gene therapy for cardioprotection from I-R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dandapat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Gene Therapy Program, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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14
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Ao J, Feng H, Xia F. Transforming Growth Factor and Nuclear Factor Kappa B Mediated Prophylactic Cardioprotection by Total Flavonoids of Fructus Chorspondiatis in Myocardial Ischemia. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2007; 21:235-41. [PMID: 17674171 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-007-6042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chorspomias axillaries Batt et Hill, a well-known Chinese herb, has been used in clinical treatment of angina pectoris for hundreds of years, but its effective components and intrinsic cardioprotective mechanism are still beyond us. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS In this study, we extracted Total Flavonoids of Fructus Chorspondiatis (TFFC), a potential effective component from Chorspomias axillaries Batt et Hill to investigate its effect on myocardial ischemia induced by isoproteronol in rat and elucidated its probable mechanism. RESULTS The results showed that prophylactically ;;intragastrical administration of TFFC at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight effectively suppressed the variation of J points in electrocardiogram (0.211 +/- 0.059( )mV versus 0.277 +/- 0.046( )mV, p < 0.05) and inhibited the upregulated serum level of creatine kinase (754 +/- 114( )U/l versus 1,112 +/- 239( )U/l, p < 0.05), creatine kinase -MB (700 +/- 95( )U/l versus 1,012 +/- 252( )U/l, p < 0.05) and lactate dehydrogenase (1,174 +/- 200( )U/l versus 2,025 +/- 975( )U/l, p < 0.05) in myocardial ischemia, revealing its cardioprotective effect. It increased a potent tissue protective polypeptide, transforming growth factor beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) level as well as its receptors TbetaRI and TbetaRII(p < 0.05) and significantly inhibited the expression of a redox-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that TFFC at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight exerts prophylactically cardioprotective effect during ischemia injury. Part of its cardioprotective mechanism may relate to induction of TGF-beta(1) to competitively inhibit NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Prophylactically exogenous administration with the component may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for ischemic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jienan Ao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Huang Pu Da Dao Xi 601#, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Li D, Liu Y, Chen J, Velchala N, Amani F, Nemarkommula A, Chen K, Rayaz H, Zhang D, Liu H, Sinha AK, Romeo F, Hermonat PL, Mehta JL. Suppression of atherogenesis by delivery of TGFbeta1ACT using adeno-associated virus type 2 in LDLR knockout mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 344:701-7. [PMID: 16631603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2006] [Accepted: 04/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TGFbeta(1) deficiency has been attributed to the development of atherosclerosis. There is, however, little direct evidence for this concept. To examine this hypothesis, low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR(-/-)) mice were injected via tail vein with recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2 (rAAV) carrying a bioactive TGFbeta(1) mutant (AAV/TGFbeta1ACT, n=10) or granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (AAV/GM-CSF, n=10, a negative control) or saline (n=9, control), and then put on a high cholesterol diet. At 18 weeks, blood lipids were found to be similarly elevated in all LDLR(-/-) mice. TGFbeta1ACT and GM-CSF (DNA, mRNA, and protein) were highly expressed in the tissues of mice given TGFbeta1ACT or AAV/GM-CSF, respectively, showing sustained transfection following gene delivery by the systemic route. Saline-treated and AAV/GM-CSF-treated LDLR(-/-) mice showed extensive areas of atherosclerotic lesion formation. There was evidence of intense oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine staining), inflammation (CD68 staining), and expression of adhesion molecules and the ox-LDL receptor LOX-1 (gene array analysis) in the atherosclerotic tissues. Importantly, atherosclerotic lesion formation was markedly inhibited in the LDLR(-/-) mice given AAV/TGFbeta1ACT. Expression of adhesion molecules and LOX-1, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response all were inhibited in the mice given AAV/TGFbeta1ACT (P<0.05 vs. saline-treated or GM-CSF-treated LDLR(-/-) mice). These data for the first time demonstrate that systemic delivery of TGFbeta1ACT gene via AAV can inhibit formation of atherosclerotic lesions, possibly via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant mechanisms. These findings suggest a novel view of TGFbeta(1) in atherogenesis and a potential new gene therapy for treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayuan Li
- Gene Therapy Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, VA Medical Center, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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16
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Chen H, Li D, Saldeen T, Mehta JL. TGF-beta 1 attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibition of upregulation of MMP-1. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003; 284:H1612-7. [PMID: 12679326 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00992.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is thought to upregulate the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which regulate myocardial and vascular remodeling. Previous studies have shown that transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) can attenuate myocardial injury induced by I/R. TGF-beta(1) is also reported to suppress the release of MMPs. To study the modulation of MMP-1 by TGF-beta(1) in I/R myocardium, Sprague-Dawley rats were given saline and subjected to 1 h of myocardial ischemia [total left coronary artery (LCA) ligation] followed by 1 h of reperfusion (n = 9). Parallel groups of rats were pretreated with recombinant TGF-beta(1) (rTGF-beta(1), 1 mg/rat, n = 9) before reperfusion or exposure to sham I/R (control group). I/R caused myocardial necrosis and dysfunction, indicated by decreased first derivative of left ventricular pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and heart rate (all P < 0.01 vs. sham-operated control group). Simultaneously, I/R upregulated MMP-1 (P < 0.01). Treatment of rats with rTGF-beta(1) reduced the extent of myocardial necrosis and dysfunction despite I/R (all P < 0.01). rTGF-beta(1) treatment also inhibited the upregulation of MMP-1 in the I/R myocardium (P < 0.05). To determine the direct effect of MMP-1 on the myocardium, isolated adult rat myocytes were treated with active MMP-1, which caused injury and death of cultured myocytes, measured as lactate dehydrogenase release and trypan blue staining, in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with PD-166793, a specific MMP inhibitor, attenuated myocardial injury and death induced by active MMP-1. The present study for the first time shows that MMP-1 can directly cause myocyte injury or death and that attenuation of myocardial I/R injury by TGF-beta(1) may, at least partly, be mediated by the inhibition of upregulation of MMP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Chen
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Physiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, USA
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17
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Docherty NG, Pérez-Barriocanal F, Balboa NE, López-Novoa JM. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1): a potential recovery signal in the post-ischemic kidney. Ren Fail 2002; 24:391-406. [PMID: 12212820 DOI: 10.1081/jdi-120006767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-beta1 has been demonstrated to be up-regulated in response to ischemic events both in animal models and in man. Demonstration of this up-regulation in the kidney following experimentally induced acute renal failure and in renal transplants complements similar findings in coronary and cerebral ischemia. Activation of TGF-beta1 occurs as a direct consequence of hypoxia, angiotensin II signaling and loss of extra cellular matrix (ECM) integrity, all of which occur in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. TGF-beta1 thus up-regulates the synthesis of extracellular matrix components such as fibronectin and collagen IV providing a basis for the restoration of epithelial coverage in the regenerating tubule. TGF-beta1 also regulates epithelial tubular cell proliferation and differentiation. This response is quickly closed down in response to recovery of the kidney. This review examines the evidence linking TGF-beta1 activity to recovery from renal ischemia thereby constructing a hypothesis for the beneficial role of TGF-beta1 in the post ischemic kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil G Docherty
- Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigación Nefrológia, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, Spain
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Mehta JL, Chen HJ, Li DY. Protection of myocytes from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury by nitric oxide is mediated by modulation of transforming growth factor-beta1. Circulation 2002; 105:2206-11. [PMID: 11994256 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000015602.94990.3d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reoxygenation injury is a result of several complex events, including release of reactive oxygen species, protein kinase C (PKC) activation, and altered expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta(1)). Nitric oxide (NO) generally protects tissues from reperfusion injury. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the modulation of TGF-beta1 expression and activity and PKC activation in cultured rat heart myocytes exposed to a brief period of hypoxia-reoxygenation (H-R) by NO donor 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1). H-R resulted in an increased expression of total TGF-beta1 (mRNA and protein) but a decrease in the release of active TGF-beta1. Myocyte PKC-alpha protein level was not altered by H-R, but its phosphorylation was augmented. Pretreatment of myocytes with SIN-1 diminished myocyte injury quantified as lactate dehydrogenase release. Simultaneously, release of active TGF-beta1 increased and total TGF-beta1 expression decreased (all P<0.05 versus H-R alone). PKC-alpha phosphorylation increased further in cells treated with SIN-1. The effects of SIN-1 were blocked by the NO scavenger phenyl-tetramethyl-imidazoline-oxyl-oxide as well as by the PKC inhibitor staurosporine. To examine if another NO donor would have a similar effect, cardiomyocytes were treated with nitroglycerin before H-R. With nitroglycerin treatment, similar to SIN-1 treatment, myocyte injury was diminished, TGF-beta1 release increased, and total TGF-beta1 expression decreased. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest modulation of TGF-beta1 expression as a novel mechanism of salutary effect of NO donors. PKC-alpha activation may play an important role in the protective effect of NO against H-R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Mehta
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Health Care System, Little Rock, Ark 72205-7199, USA.
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Mortazavi-Haghighat R, Taghipour-Khiabani K, David S, Kerrigan CL, Philip A. Rapid and dynamic regulation of TGF-beta receptors on blood vessels and fibroblasts during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2002; 282:C1161-9. [PMID: 11940531 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00413.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury are poorly understood. Although transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta has been shown to provide protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in different organ systems, little is known about the regulation of TGF-beta action during this process. Here we analyzed the effect of ischemia and reperfusion on the expression of TGF-beta and its receptors in vivo with a pig skin flap model. Analysis of unoperated skin, nonischemic control flap, ischemic flap, and reperfused flap by immunohistochemistry indicates that ischemia and reperfusion result in rapid and dynamic regulation of type I, II, and III TGF-beta receptors and TGF-beta1 in a cell type-specific manner. Furthermore, hypoxia upregulates type II TGF-beta receptor mRNA in skin fibroblasts in culture. Together, our results reveal that TGF-beta receptors and TGF-beta1 are markedly increased under acute ischemic conditions in the blood vessels and fibroblasts of the skin. We conclude that TGF-beta action is enhanced under ischemic conditions and that it may represent an adaptive response to ischemic injury. The augmented TGF-beta responsiveness may be a critical determinant of the protective effect of TGF-beta during ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Mortazavi-Haghighat
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1A4
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20
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Grünenfelder J, Miniati DN, Murata S, Falk V, Hoyt EG, Robbins RC. Up-regulation of Bcl-2 through hyperbaric pressure transfection of TGF-beta1 ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat cardiac allografts. J Heart Lung Transplant 2002; 21:244-50. [PMID: 11834353 DOI: 10.1016/s1053-2498(01)00377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress after ischemia-reperfusion of cardiac allografts leads to activation of cardiomyocytes and production of cytokines. Bcl-2, an inhibitor of the apoptotic pathway, also has strong antioxidant properties. Ischemia-reperfusion injury after transplantation leads to decreased bcl-2 and increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 is known to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury and inhibits apoptosis of myofibroblasts. We hypothesize that TGF-beta1, prevents bcl-2 cleavage and increased TNF-alpha production. METHODS Rat PVG donor hearts were heterotopically transplanted into ACI recipients. Donor hearts were procured and assigned to groups: (1) intracoronary TGF-beta1 (200 ng/ml) perfusion and pressure at 78 psi for 45 minutes (n = 4); (2) intracoronary TGF-beta1 perfusion and incubation for 45 minutes without pressure (n = 4), (3) saline perfusion and incubation for 45 minutes without pressure (n = 4). Hearts were procured 4 hours after transplantation and analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for bcl-2 mRNA expression, ELISA for TNF-alpha, and for myeloperoxidase activity (MPO). RESULTS Bcl-2 decreased in untreated animals (bcl-2:G3PDH ratio = 0.85 +/- 0.73 vs 1.16 +/- 0.11, not significant [NS]), whereas TNF-alpha increased to 669.99 +/- 127.09 vs 276.84 +/- 73.65 pg/mg total protein in controls (p < 0.003). In TGF-beta(1) pressure-treated hearts, bcl-2 was up-regulated (2.49 +/- 0.6 vs 1.16 +/- 0.11, controls, p < 0.005), whereas TNF-alpha was unchanged (396.1 +/- 100.38 vs 276.84 +/- 73.65 pg/mg, NS). Hearts treated with TGF-beta1 and pressure showed significant up-regulation of bcl-2 compared with hearts treated with TGF-beta1 without pressure (2.49 +/- 0.6 vs 1.17 +/- 0.6, p < 0.02). MPO showed no differences. CONCLUSIONS Bcl-2 is down-regulated and TNF-alpha up-regulated in this model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, TGF-beta1 is linked to this process and ameliorates reperfusion injury by up-regulating bcl-2 and inhibiting TNF-alpha. Therapeutic overexpression of myocardial TGF-beta1 may be clinically useful to control ischemia-reperfusion injury associated with cardiac transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürg Grünenfelder
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Falk Cardiovascular Research Building, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
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21
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Chen H, Li D, Saldeen T, Mehta JL. Transforming growth factor-beta(1) modulates oxidatively modified LDL-induced expression of adhesion molecules: role of LOX-1. Circ Res 2001; 89:1155-60. [PMID: 11739280 DOI: 10.1161/hh2401.100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidatively modified LDL (ox-LDL) activates a lectin-like receptor, LOX-1, which results in the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial surface. We investigated the regulation of the expression of transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) and its receptors by ox-LDL and the functional significance of this interaction with regard to adhesion molecule expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Ox-LDL, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, upregulated the expression of all 3 subtypes (1, 2, and 3 [including endoglin]) of TGF-beta(1) receptors and decreased active TGF-beta(1) synthesis (all P<0.05 versus control and native-LDL-treated cells). Treatment of HCAECs with a monoclonal antibody to LOX-1 attenuated ox-LDL-mediated upregulation of TGF-beta(1) receptors and decrease in TGF-beta(1) synthesis (P<0.05 versus ox-LDL alone). Ox-LDL also enhanced the expression of P-selectin and ICAM-1 as well as monocyte adhesion to HCAECs (P<0.05 versus control untreated cells). Pretreatment with recombinant TGF-beta(1) attenuated the enhanced expression of adhesion molecules and monocyte adhesion to HCAECs (P<0.05 versus ox-LDL alone). Effects of recombinant TGF-beta(1) were blocked by antibody to TGF-beta(1) receptor type 2, but not by antibody to endoglin. Thus ox-LDL, via activation of LOX-1, increases the expression of TGF-beta(1) receptors and decreases TGF-beta(1) synthesis in HCAECs. Recombinant TGF-beta(1), by binding to TGF-beta(1) type 2 receptors, modulates ox-LDL-mediated expression of adhesion molecules and monocyte adhesion to HCAECs.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/biosynthesis
- Cell Line
- Coronary Vessels/cytology
- Coronary Vessels/drug effects
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Cross-Linking Reagents/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Lipoproteins, LDL/biosynthesis
- Lipoproteins, LDL/pharmacology
- Monocytes/drug effects
- P-Selectin/genetics
- P-Selectin/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, LDL/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Receptors, Oxidized LDL
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis
- Scavenger Receptors, Class E
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Li D, Chen H, Mehta JL. Angiotensin II via activation of type 1 receptor upregulates expression of endoglin in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Hypertension 2001; 38:1062-7. [PMID: 11711498 DOI: 10.1161/hy1101.092971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta1 and its subtype receptor endoglin are key components in angiogenesis. We explored the role of angiotensin (Ang) II in the expression of endoglin and the underlying intracellular signaling mechanism in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Incubation of cells with Ang II upregulated endoglin expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (maximal effect with 10(-6) mol/L Ang II at 24 hours). The Ang II type 1 receptor blocker losartan, but not the type 2 receptor blocker PD 123,319, completely blocked the effect of Ang II. In parallel experiments, the mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor PD 098,059 fully inhibited the effect of Ang II on the expression of endoglin. Incubation of endothelial cells with Ang II also increased the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 and -beta2 receptors and simultaneously decreased the levels of transforming growth factor-beta1. These effects of Ang II were also attenuated by losartan. We propose that Ang II via its type 1 receptor activation modulates the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 receptors in human coronary endothelial cells. The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase plays an important role in this process. These observations provide a new clue regarding the regulatory effect of Ang II on vascular remodeling after injury.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists
- Antigens, CD
- Cells, Cultured
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Endoglin
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Humans
- Losartan/pharmacology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1
- Receptors, Angiotensin/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transcriptional Activation
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1
- Up-Regulation
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/biosynthesis
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- D Li
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Physiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Chen H, Li D, Saldeen T, Mehta JL. TGF-beta(1) modulates NOS expression and phosphorylation of Akt/PKB in rat myocytes exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001; 281:H1035-9. [PMID: 11514268 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.3.h1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial hypoxia-reoxygenation (H-R) is associated with upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), decrease in endothelial NOS (eNOS), and increase in protein kinase B (PKB). Previous work also shows that transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) can attenuate myocardial injury induced by H-R. We examined the modulation of NOS and PKB expression in response to H-R by TGF- beta(1). Myocytes from Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were cultured and exposed to hypoxia (95% N(2)-5% CO(2), PO(2) ~30 mmHg) for 24 h and reoxygenation (95% air-5% CO(2)) for 3 h. Myocytes were then examined for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, iNOS activity (conversion of L-[(3)H]arginine to L-[(3)H]citrulline), iNOS and eNOS expression, and PKB phosphorylation. H-R alone resulted in myocyte injury, upregulation of iNOS activity and expression, decrease in eNOS expression, and increase in PKB phosphorylation (all P < 0.05 vs. cells cultured in normoxic conditions). Treatment of myocytes with TGF-beta(1) (1 ng/ml) resulted in a reduction in LDH release, attenuation of the alterations in NOS expression (both iNOS and eNOS), and PKB phosphorylation in response to H-R (all P < 0.05 vs. H-R alone). These observations suggest that TGF-beta(1) decreases H-R injury and attenuates alterations in NOS and PKB phosphorylation in myocytes exposed to H-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Arkansas and Central Arkansas Veterans Health Care System, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, USA
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