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The Use of Micro- and Nanocarriers for Resveratrol Delivery into and across the Skin in Different Skin Diseases-A Literature Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040451. [PMID: 33810552 PMCID: PMC8066164 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, polyphenols have been extensively studied due to their antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been shown that anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols play an important role in the prevention of bacterial infections, as well as vascular or skin diseases. Particularly, resveratrol, as a multi-potent agent, may prevent or mitigate the effects of oxidative stress. As the largest organ of the human body, skin is an extremely desirable target for the possible delivery of active substances. The transdermal route of administration of active compounds shows many advantages, including avoidance of gastrointestinal irritation and the first-pass effect. Moreover, it is non-invasive and can be self-administered. However, this delivery is limited, mainly due to the need to overpassing the stratum corneum, the possible decomposition of the substances in contact with the skin surface or in the deeper layers thereof. In addition, using resveratrol for topical and transdermal delivery faces the problems of its low solubility and poor stability. To overcome this, novel systems of delivery are being developed for the effective transport of resveratrol across the skin. Carriers in the micro and nano size were demonstrated to be more efficient for safe and faster topical and transdermal delivery of active substances. The present review aimed to discuss the role of resveratrol in the treatment of skin abnormalities with a special emphasis on technologies enhancing transdermal delivery of resveratrol.
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Marsup P, Yeerong K, Neimkhum W, Sirithunyalug J, Anuchapreeda S, To-anun C, Chaiyana W. Enhancement of Chemical Stability and Dermal Delivery of Cordyceps militaris Extracts by Nanoemulsion. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1565. [PMID: 32784892 PMCID: PMC7466510 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop nanoemulsions for enhancing chemical stability and dermal delivery of Cordyceps militaris extracts. C. militaris was extracted by maceration and infusion. The extracts were investigated for cordycepin, phenolic, and flavonoid content. The antioxidant activity was investigated by in vitro spectrophotometric methods. The irritation profile was investigated by hen's egg-chorioallantoic membrane test. Nanoemulsions were developed using high-pressure homogenizer. C. militaris extract was incorporated into the nanoemulsion and investigated for safety, release profile, permeation, and skin retention. The results demonstrated that water extract (CW) contained the significantly highest content of cordycepin, phenolics, and flavonoids, which were responsible for antioxidant activity. CW was the most potent antioxidant. CW possessed comparable 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition to l-ascorbic acid (96.9 ± 3.1%) and alpha-tocopherol (87.2 ± 1.0%). Consequently, ten mg/mL of CW was incorporated into nanoemulsions composing of sugar squalene, Tween® 85, and deionized water. Nanoemulsion, which had the smallest internal droplet size (157.1 ± 2.6 nm), enhanced the stability of CW, had no cytotoxicity effect and no skin irritation, released the most CW (0.9 ± 0.0% w/w after 24 h), and delivered the highest CW into the skin layer (33.5 ± 0.7% w/w). Therefore, nanoemulsion was suggested for enhancing the stability and dermal delivery of CW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pachabadee Marsup
- Master’s Degree Program in Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Kankanit Yeerong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Waranya Neimkhum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Samutprakarn 10250, Thailand;
| | - Jakkapan Sirithunyalug
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.Y.); (J.S.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Division of Clinical Microscopy, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat To-anun
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Wantida Chaiyana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.Y.); (J.S.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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Chaiyana W, Anuchapreeda S, Somwongin S, Marsup P, Lee KH, Lin WC, Lue SC. Dermal Delivery Enhancement of Natural Anti-Ageing Compounds from Ocimum sanctum Linn. Extract by Nanostructured Lipid Carriers. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040309. [PMID: 32235376 PMCID: PMC7237989 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop nanodelivery systems for enhancing the Ocimum sanctum Linn. extract delivery into the skin. Rosmarinic acid (RA) was used as a marker for the quantitative determination of the extract by high-performance liquid chromatography. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), nanoemulsion, liposome, and niosome, were developed and characterized for internal droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential using photon correlation spectroscopy. Irritation properties of each formulations were investigated by hen's egg test on the chorioallantoic membrane. In vitro release, skin permeation, and skin retention are determined. NLC was suggested as the most suitable system since it enhances the dermal delivery of RA with the significant skin retention amount of 27.1 ± 1.8% (p < 0.05). Its internal droplet size, PDI, and zeta potential were 261.0 ± 5.3 nm, 0.216 ± 0.042, and -45.4 ± 2.4 mV, respectively. RA released from NLC with a sustained release pattern with the release amount of 1.29 ± 0.15% after 24 h. NLC induced no irritation and did not permeate through the skin. Therefore, NLC containing O. sanctum extract was an attractive dermal delivery system that was safe and enhanced dermal delivery of RA. It was suggested for further used as topical anti-ageing products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wantida Chaiyana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.S.); (P.M.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-5394-4309
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Division of Clinical Microscopy, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Suvimol Somwongin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Pachabadee Marsup
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Kuan-Han Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Chao Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (S.-C.L.)
| | - Shang-Chian Lue
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (S.-C.L.)
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Liposomes for delivery of antioxidants in cosmeceuticals: Challenges and development strategies. J Control Release 2019; 300:114-140. [PMID: 30853528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants (AOs) play a crucial role in the protection and maintenance of health and are also integral ingredients in beauty products. Unfortunately, most of them are sensitive due to their instability and insolubility. The use of liposomes to protect AOs and expand their applicability to cosmeceuticals, thereby, is one of the most effective solutions. Notwithstanding their offered advantages for the delivery of AOs, liposomes, in their production and application, present many challenges. Here, we provide a critical review of the major problems complicating the development of liposomes for AO delivery. Along with issues related to preparation techniques and encapsulation efficiency, the loss of protective function and inefficiency of skin permeability are the main disadvantages of liposomes. Corresponding development strategies for resolving these problems, with their respective advantages and drawbacks, are introduced, discussed in some depth, and summarized in these pages as well. Advanced liposomes have a vital role to play in the development and delivery of AOs in practical cosmeceutical product applications.
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Mota AH, Rijo P, Molpeceres J, Reis CP. Broad overview of engineering of functional nanosystems for skin delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:710-728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ternullo S, de Weerd L, Holsæter AM, Flaten GE, Škalko-Basnet N. Going skin deep: A direct comparison of penetration potential of lipid-based nanovesicles on the isolated perfused human skin flap model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 121:14-23. [PMID: 28916504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid-based nanocarriers are attractive drug carriers for improved local skin therapy. In the present study, the recently developed isolated perfused human skin flap (IPHSF) model was used to directly compare the skin penetration enhancing potential of the three commonly used nanocarriers, namely conventional liposomes (CLs), deformable liposomes (DLs) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Two fluorescent markers, calcein (hydrophilic) or rhodamine (lipophilic), were incorporated individually in the three nanosystems. The nanocarrier size ranged between 200 and 300nm; the surface charge and entrapment efficiency for both markers were dependent on the lipid composition and the employed surfactant. Both carrier-associated markers could not penetrate the full thickness human skin, confirming their suitability for dermal drug delivery. CLs exhibited higher retention of both markers on the skin surface compared to DLs and SLNs, indicating a depo formation. DLs and SLNs enabled the deeper penetration of the two markers into the skin layers. In vitro and ex vivo skin penetration studies performed on the cellophane membrane and full thickness pig/human skin, respectively, confirmed the findings. In conclusion, efficient dermal drug delivery can be achieved by optimization of a lipid nanocarrier on the suitable skin-mimicking model to assure system's accumulation in the targeted skin layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selenia Ternullo
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Louis de Weerd
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Sykehusvegen 38, 9019 Tromsø and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Ann Mari Holsæter
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Gøril Eide Flaten
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Nataša Škalko-Basnet
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Ahad A, Al-Saleh AA, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI, Raish M, Yassin AEB, Alam MA. Pharmacodynamic study of eprosartan mesylate-loaded transfersomes Carbopol ® gel under Dermaroller ® on rats with methyl prednisolone acetate-induced hypertension. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:177-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Skin Delivery and in Vitro Biological Evaluation of Trans-Resveratrol-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Skin Disorder Therapies. Molecules 2016; 21:E116. [PMID: 26805794 PMCID: PMC6273087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the skin delivery and in vitro biological activity of trans-resveratrol (RES)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). The SLNs were composed of stearic acid, poloxamer 407, soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC), an aqueous phase and 0.1% RES. The particle size, polydispersity index (PdI) and zeta potential were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The SLNs were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-FEG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In vitro RES-SLN skin permeation/retention assays were conducted, and their tyrosinase inhibitory activity was evaluated. An MTT reduction assay was performed on HaCat keratinocytes to determine in vitro cytotoxicity. The formulations had average diameter lower than 200 nm, the addition of SPC promoted increases in PdI in the RES-SLNs, but decreases PdI in the RES-free SLNs and the formulations exhibited zeta potentials smaller than −3 mV. The DSC analysis of the SLNs showed no endothermic peak attributable to RES. Microscopic analysis suggests that the materials formed had nanometric size distribution. Up to 45% of the RES permeated through the skin after 24 h. The RES-loaded SLNs were more effective than kojic acid at inhibiting tyrosinase and proved to be non-toxic in HaCat keratinocytes. The results suggest that the investigated RES-loaded SLNs have potential use in skin disorder therapies.
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Palac Z, Engesland A, Flaten GE, Škalko-Basnet N, Filipović-Grčić J, Vanić Ž. Liposomes for (trans)dermal drug delivery: the skin-PVPA as a novel in vitro stratum corneum model in formulation development. J Liposome Res 2014; 24:313-22. [PMID: 24646434 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2014.899368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Penetration potential of vesicles destined for trans(dermal) administration remains to be of great interests both in respect to drug therapy and cosmetic treatment. This study investigated the applicability of the phospholipid vesicle-based permeation assay (PVPA) as a novel in vitro skin barrier model for screening purposes in preformulation studies. Various classes of liposomes containing hydrophilic model drug were examined, including conventional liposomes (CLs), deformable liposomes (DLs) and propylene glycol liposomes (PGLs). The size, surface charge, membrane deformability and entrapment efficiency were found to be affected by the vesicle lipid concentration, the presence of the surfactant and propylene glycol. All liposomes exhibited prolonged drug release profiles with an initial burst effect followed by a slower release phase. The permeation of the drug from all of the tested liposomes, as assessed with the mimicked stratum corneum--PVPA model, was significantly enhanced as compared to the permeability of the drug in solution form. Although the DLs and the PGLs exhibited almost the same membrane elasticity, the permeability of the drug delivered by PGLs was higher (6.2 × 10⁻⁶ cm/s) than DLs (5.5 × 10⁻⁶ cm/s). Therefore, this study confirmed both the potential of liposomes as vesicles in trans(dermal) delivery and potential of the newly developed skin-PVPA for the screening and optimization of liposomes at the early preformulation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Palac
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
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Rattanapak T, Birchall J, Young K, Ishii M, Meglinski I, Rades T, Hook S. Transcutaneous immunization using microneedles and cubosomes: Mechanistic investigations using Optical Coherence Tomography and Two-Photon Microscopy. J Control Release 2013; 172:894-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Marques AV, Marengo Trindade P, Marques S, Brum T, Harte E, Rodrigues MO, D’Oca MGM, da Silva PA, Pohlmann AR, Alves ID, de Lima VR. Isoniazid interaction with phosphatidylcholine-based membranes. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Characterization and in vitro permeation study of microemulsions and liquid crystalline systems containing the anticholinesterase alkaloidal extract from Tabernaemontana divaricata. Int J Pharm 2013; 452:201-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rattanapak T, Young K, Rades T, Hook S. Comparative study of liposomes, transfersomes, ethosomes and cubosomes for transcutaneous immunisation: characterisation and in vitro skin penetration. J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 64:1560-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Lipid colloidal vaccines, including liposomes, transfersomes, ethosomes and cubosomes, were formulated, characterised and investigated for their ability to enhance penetration of a peptide vaccine through stillborn piglet skin in vitro.
Methods
Liposomes and transfersomes were formulated using a film-hydration method, ethosomes using a modified reverse phase method and cubosomes using a lipid precursor method. The size, zeta potential, peptide loading and interfacial behaviour of the formulations were characterised. Skin penetration studies were performed using Franz diffusion cells with piglet skin as the membrane. The localization of peptide in the skin was examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Key finding
The various formulations contained negatively charged particles of similar size (range: 134–200 nm). Addition of the saponin adjuvant Quil A to the formulations destabilised the monolayers and reduced peptide loading. Cubosomes and ethosomes showed superior skin retention compared with the other systems. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed greater peptide penetration and accumulation in the skin treated with cubosomes and ethosomes. With the other systems peptide was only located in the vicinity of the hair follicles and within the hair shaft.
Conclusions
We conclude from the in-vitro studies that cubosomes and ethosomes are promising lipid carriers for transcutaneous immunisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerawan Rattanapak
- New Zealand's National School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Katie Young
- New Zealand's National School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Rades
- New Zealand's National School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hook
- New Zealand's National School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Wang Q, Jaimes‐Lizcano YA, Lawson LB, John VT, Papadopoulos KD. Improved dermal delivery of FITC–BSA using a combination of passive and active methods. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:4804-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Agrawal V, Gupta V, Ramteke S, Trivedi P. Preparation and evaluation of tubular micelles of pluronic lecithin organogel for transdermal delivery of sumatriptan. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:1718-25. [PMID: 21128126 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work focuses on the preparation and evaluation of lecithin organogel system of thermoreversible polymer pluronic F127, which would enhance the stability and absorption of sumatriptan succinate across the skin. Formulations were developed with and without co-surfactant (pluronic F127). The prepared organogels were evaluated for its appearance, organoleptic characteristics, and feel upon application, homogeneity, occlusivenes, washability, pH, viscosity, spreadability, gel transition temperature of formulations. The formulations were also evaluated for drug content, in vitro drug diffusion properties and skin irritation testing. In vivo evaluation of formulations was carried out by hot plate and writhing test method, and finally the optimized formulation was subjected to stability studies. The developed formulations were easily washable, smooth in feel, and showed no clogging which indicate superior texture of system. Formulation, containing pluronic showed greater spreadability and higher drug diffusion rate as compared to pluronic free organogel. Drug content of organogel formulations was in the range of 94-97%. The pH of the formulations was 6.48 ± 0.5 and 6.98 ± 0.1, reflecting no risk of skin irritation. Pluronic not only enhances the stability of organogel by increasing the viscosity (from 6,541 ± 234.76 to 7,826 ± 155.65 poise) but also increases the release of drug from 67.39 ± 1.53% to 74.21 ± 1.7%. The sumatriptan exhibits higher and long lasting antinociceptive effect as indicated by the persistent increase in reaction time in hot plate and inhibited abdominal contraction in acetic acid-induced writhing test (p < 0.05). The prepared optimized formulation was found to be stable without any significant changes at room temperature.
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Bhatia A, Singh B, Amarji B, Katare OP. Tamoxifen-loaded liposomal topical formulation arrests hair growth in mice. Br J Dermatol 2010; 163:412-5. [PMID: 20331445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For several decades, androgens have dominated endocrine research in the domain of hair growth control. However, it has long been known that oestrogens also tend to alter hair follicle (HF) growth and cycling significantly by binding to locally expressed high-affinity oestrogen receptors (ORs). Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective OR modulator. OBJECTIVES The current work aims to investigate the effect of topically applied TAM on the hair growth of mice. METHODS Test formulations were applied once daily on the shaved back area of the mice for a period of 5 weeks. The effect of these formulations was studied by visual and histological examinations. RESULTS Animals treated with saline and placebo gel formulation showed significant hair growth on the 20th day. The number and length of follicles were also found to be normal. In contrast, no hair growth was observed in the animals treated with TAM gel, even after the termination of treatment. The HFs were found to be arrested in telogen phase with clear signs of follicle dystrophy. CONCLUSIONS The hair growth-retarding effect of TAM observed in the current study clearly demonstrates its OR agonistic effect on hair growth. This work also provides a distinct lead towards the possible potential of TAM liposomal gel in the treatment of hirsutism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bhatia
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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