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Tarszabó R, Bányai B, Ruisanchez É, Péterffy B, Korsós-Novák Á, Lajtai K, Sziva RE, Gerszi D, Hosszú Á, Benkő R, Benyó Z, Horváth EM, Masszi G, Várbíró S. Influence of Vitamin D on the Vasoactive Effect of Estradiol in a Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179404. [PMID: 34502321 PMCID: PMC8431242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the vasoactive effect of estradiol in a rat model of early PCOS and the influence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD). We created a model of chronic hyperandrogenism and VDD in adolescent female Wistar rats (N = 46) with four experimental groups: vitamin D supplemented (T-D+), VDD (T-D-), hyperandrogenic and vitamin D supplemented (T+D+), and hyperandrogenic and VDD (T+D-). T+ groups received an 8-week-long transdermal Androgel treatment, D-animals were on vitamin D-reduced diet and D+ rats were supplemented orally with vitamin D3. Estrogen-induced vasorelaxation of thoracic aorta segments were measured with a wire myograph system with or without the inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) or cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The distribution of estrogen receptor (ER), eNOS and COX-2 in the aortic wall was assessed by immunohistochemistry. VDD aortas showed significantly lower estradiol-induced relaxation independently of androgenic status that was further decreased by COX-2 inhibition. COX-2 inhibition failed to alter vessel function in D+ rats. Inhibition of eNOS abolished the estradiol-induced relaxation in all groups. Changes in vascular function in VDD were accompanied by significantly decreased ER and eNOS staining. Short-term chronic hyperandrogenism failed to, but VDD induced vascular dysfunction, compromised estrogen-dependent vasodilatation and changes in ER and eNOS immunostaining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Tarszabó
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Markusovszky Lajos University Teaching Hospital, Markusovszky Lajos Street 5, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Bálint Bányai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó Street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (B.P.); (K.L.); (R.E.S.); (D.G.); (R.B.); (E.M.H.)
| | - Éva Ruisanchez
- Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó Street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (É.R.); (Z.B.)
| | - Borbála Péterffy
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó Street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (B.P.); (K.L.); (R.E.S.); (D.G.); (R.B.); (E.M.H.)
| | - Ágnes Korsós-Novák
- Department of Pathology, Hetényi Géza Hospital, Tószegi Street 21, 5000 Szolnok, Hungary;
| | - Krisztina Lajtai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó Street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (B.P.); (K.L.); (R.E.S.); (D.G.); (R.B.); (E.M.H.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 78/a, 1082 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Réka Eszter Sziva
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó Street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (B.P.); (K.L.); (R.E.S.); (D.G.); (R.B.); (E.M.H.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 78/a, 1082 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Dóra Gerszi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó Street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (B.P.); (K.L.); (R.E.S.); (D.G.); (R.B.); (E.M.H.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 78/a, 1082 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ádám Hosszú
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Rita Benkő
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó Street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (B.P.); (K.L.); (R.E.S.); (D.G.); (R.B.); (E.M.H.)
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó Street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (É.R.); (Z.B.)
| | - Eszter Mária Horváth
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó Street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (B.P.); (K.L.); (R.E.S.); (D.G.); (R.B.); (E.M.H.)
| | - Gabriella Masszi
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Lehel Street 59-61, 1135 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Szabolcs Várbíró
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 78/a, 1082 Budapest, Hungary;
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Collins P, Maas A, Prasad M, Schierbeck L, Lerman A. Endothelial Vascular Function as a Surrogate of Vascular Risk and Aging in Women. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:541-553. [PMID: 31982169 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women. We suggest the need to develop a paradigm that connects sex- and age-specific nontraditional risk factors that serve as a common mechanism ultimately leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Vascular injury with abnormal repair leading to functional, rather than structural, abnormalities can be regarded as accelerated vascular aging. It emerges as a common feature that can trigger the early diagnosis and risk stratification for cardiovascular disease in women. We discuss sex-specific risk factors that can contribute to vascular injury with age, and these might not always be considered by cardiovascular physicians. It is important for the primary physician to be aware of these risk factors to enable more intensified management of this at-risk population. Novel technologies that allow the assessment of vascular function noninvasively can serve as key diagnostic and therapeutic tools with which we can identify such individuals and target therapy to manage this important patient population appropriately and effectively. We hope that this article will stimulate interest in this field and encourage further research in these important areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Collins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Angela Maas
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department Cardiology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Megha Prasad
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Amir Lerman
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Hadjadj L, Pál É, Monori-Kiss A, Sziva RE, Korsós-Novák Á, Mária Horváth E, Benkő R, Magyar A, Magyar P, Benyó Z, Nádasy GL, Várbíró S. Vitamin D deficiency and androgen excess result eutrophic remodeling and reduced myogenic adaptation in small cerebral arterioles in female rats. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:529-534. [PMID: 30623742 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1554037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (vitD) insufficiency affects 1 billion people worldwide. Androgen excess (AE) occurs in 8% of fertile females. There are few data about the combined effect of vitD deficiency and AE on the early biomechanical changes of cerebral arterioles in fertile-aged female. Forty-six adolescent female Wistar rats (21-28 day-old, weighing 90-110 g) were grouped randomly in four groups: vitD supplemented groups with and without transdermal testosterone (T) treatment, as well as vitD deficient groups also with and without transdermal T (n = 11 or 12, in all cases). After 8 weeks of treatment, anterior cerebral arterioles (in vivo diameter of 90-130 µm) were obtained and cylindrical segments were examined by pressure arteriography. Myogenic tone, tangential stress and incremental elastic moduli were computed and statistically analyzed. Elastic density was studied on resorcin-fuchsin-stained histological section. VitD deficiency with T treatment resulted in significantly lower inner radii and higher wall thickness values with reduced tangential stress and increased elastic fiber density. VitD deficiency reduced myogenic tone at higher intraluminar pressures (>110 mmHg). Our conclusion is that plasma vitD level is an important factor in the control of myogenic tone in cerebral resistance arteries. AE and vitD deficiency acting parallel induce remodeling of their wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hadjadj
- a Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Éva Pál
- a Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Anna Monori-Kiss
- a Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Réka Eszter Sziva
- b 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Ágnes Korsós-Novák
- c Department of Pathology , Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Megyei Hetényi Géza Regional Hospital , Szolnok , Hungary
| | - Eszter Mária Horváth
- d Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Rita Benkő
- d Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Attila Magyar
- e Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , Semmelweis University , Faculty of Medicine , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Péter Magyar
- f Department of Radiology , Semmelweis University , Faculty of Medicine , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- a Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - György L Nádasy
- d Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Várbíró
- b 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
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Pál É, Hadjadj L, Fontányi Z, Monori-Kiss A, Lippai N, Horváth EM, Magyar A, Horváth E, Monos E, Nádasy GL, Benyó Z, Várbíró S. Gender, hyperandrogenism and vitamin D deficiency related functional and morphological alterations of rat cerebral arteries. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216951. [PMID: 31083690 PMCID: PMC6513066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperandrogenism is a risk factor of cerebrovascular diseases as androgens can alter markedly the regulation of cerebrovascular tone. We examined the combined impact of androgen excess and vitamin D deficiency (VDD), a common co-morbidity in hyperandrogenic disorders, on remodeling and testosterone-induced vascular responses of anterior cerebral arteries (ACA) in order to evaluate the interplay between androgens and VDD in the cerebral vasculature. Male and female Wistar rats were either fed with vitamin D deficient or vitamin D supplemented diet. Half of the female animals from both groups received transdermal testosterone treatment. After 8 weeks, vessel lumen, wall thickness and testosterone-induced vascular tone of isolated ACA were determined using pressure microangiometry and histological examination. Androgen receptor protein expression in the wall of cerebral arteries was examined using immunohistochemistry. In female rats only combined VDD and testosterone treatment decreased the lumen and increased the wall thickness of ACA. In males, however VDD by itself was able to decrease the lumen and increase the wall thickness. Vascular reactivity showed similar alterations: in females, testosterone constricted the ACA only after combined VDD and hyperandrogenism, whereas in males VDD resulted in increased testosterone-induced contractions in spite of decreased androgen receptor expression. In conclusion, a marked interplay between hyperandrogenism and VDD results in inward remodeling and enhanced testosterone-induced constrictions of cerebral arteries, which might compromise the cerebral circulation and thus, increase the risk of stroke in the long term. In addition, the early cerebrovascular manifestation of VDD appears to require androgen excess and thus, depends on gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Pál
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Leila Hadjadj
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Fontányi
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Monori-Kiss
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Lippai
- Department of Pathology, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County Hetényi Géza Hospital, Szolnok, Hungary
| | | | - Attila Magyar
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Horváth
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emil Monos
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György L. Nádasy
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Várbíró
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Geometric, elastic and contractile-relaxation changes in coronary arterioles induced by Vitamin D deficiency in normal and hyperandrogenic female rats. Microvasc Res 2019; 122:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Hoang V, Bi J, Mohankumar SM, Vyas AK. Liraglutide improves hypertension and metabolic perturbation in a rat model of polycystic ovarian syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126119. [PMID: 26010091 PMCID: PMC4444207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, with a prevalence of 5–8%. Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are its long-term complications. Targeted therapies addressing both these complications together are lacking. Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists that are used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Hence we hypothesized that a GLP-1 agonist would improve both cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes in PCOS. To test this hypothesis, we used an established rat model of PCOS. Prepubertal female Sprague Dawley rats were sham-implanted or implanted s.c. with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) pellets (90 day release; 83μg/day). At 12 wks of age, sham implanted rats received saline injections and the DHT treated animals were administered either saline or liraglutide (0.2mg/kg s.c twice daily) for 4 weeks. Subgroups of rats were implanted with telemeters between 12-13 weeks of age to monitor blood pressure. DHT implanted rats had irregular estrus cycles and were significantly heavier than the control females at 12 weeks (mean± SEM 251.9±3.4 vs 216.8±3.4 respectively; p<0.05) and 4 weeks of treatment with liraglutide in DHT treated rats significantly decreased body weight (mean± SEM 294.75 ±3.2 in DHT+ saline vs 276.25±2.7 in DHT+ liraglutide group respectively; p<0.01). Liraglutide treatment in the DHT implanted rats significantly improved glucose excursion during oral glucose tolerance test (area under the curve: DHT+ saline 28674±310 vs 24990± 420 in DHT +liraglutide p <0.01). DHT rats were hypertensive and liraglutide treatment significantly improved mean arterial pressure. These results suggest that GLP-1 treatment could improve DHT–induced metabolic and blood pressure deficits associated with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Hoang
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jiangjiang Bi
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sheba M. Mohankumar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Arpita K. Vyas
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Várbíró S, Sára L, Antal P, Monori-Kiss A, Tőkés AM, Monos E, Benkő R, Csibi N, Szekeres M, Tarszabo R, Novak A, Paragi P, Nádasy GL. Lower-limb veins are thicker and vascular reactivity is decreased in a rat PCOS model: concomitant vitamin D3 treatment partially prevents these changes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H848-57. [PMID: 25015958 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01024.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) causes vascular damage to arteries; however, there are no data for its effect on veins. Our aim was to clarify the effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced PCOS both on venous biomechanics and on pharmacological reactivity in a rat model and to test the possible modulatory role of vitamin D3 (vitD). PCOS was induced in female Wistar rats by DHT treatment (83 μg/day, subcutaneous pellet). After 10 wk, the venous biomechanics, norepinephrine (NE)-induced contractility, and acetylcholine-induced relaxation were tested in saphenous veins from control animals and from animals treated with DHT or DHT with vitD using pressure angiography. Additionally, the expression levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) were measured using immunohistochemistry. Increased diameter, wall thickness, and distensibility as well as decreased vasoconstriction were detected after the DHT treatment. Concomitant vitD treatment lowered the mechanical load on the veins, reduced distensibility, and resulted in vessels that were more relaxed. Although there was no difference in the endothelial dilation tested using acetylcholine (ACh), the blocking effect of N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) was lower and was accompanied by lower COX-2 expression in the endothelium after the DHT treatment. Supplementation with vitD prevented these alterations. eNOS expression did not differ among the three groups. We conclude that the hyperandrogenic state resulted in thicker vein walls. These veins showed early remodeling and altered vasorelaxant mechanisms similar to those of varicose veins. Alterations caused by the chronic DHT treatment were prevented partially by concomitant vitD administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Várbíró
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Levente Sára
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Antal
- Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Monori-Kiss
- Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna-Mária Tőkés
- MTA-SE Tumor Progression Research Group, Second Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emil Monos
- Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Benkő
- Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Csibi
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Tumor Progression Research Group, Second Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Szekeres
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Robert Tarszabo
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Novak
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Tumor Progression Research Group, Second Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pathology, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Paragi
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György L Nádasy
- Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Gernand AD, Bodnar LM, Klebanoff MA, Parks WT, Simhan HN. Maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and placental vascular pathology in a multicenter US cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:383-8. [PMID: 23803889 PMCID: PMC3712548 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.055426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal vitamin D deficiency has been linked to fetal growth restriction, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that poor maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with increased risk of placental vascular pathology. DESIGN Maternal serum 25(OH)D was measured at ≤26 wk of gestation in a random subcohort of term, singleton infants in the Collaborative Perinatal Project (1959-1966; n = 2048). A dichotomous vascular construct was created from the presence of any of 12 pathologies identified on placental examinations, including evidence of placental abruption, infarction, hypoxia, decidual vasculopathy, or thrombosis of fetal vessels (n = 240 cases). RESULTS The relation between 25(OH)D and vascular pathology was modified by infant sex (P = 0.003). A maternal 25(OH)D concentration ≥80 compared with <50 nmol/L was associated with 49% lower risk of pathology in boys [adjusted OR (95% CI): 0.27, 0.95] after conditioning on study site. No associations were observed between maternal 25(OH)D and pathology in mothers with female offspring. Subsequent analyses showed that, in pregnancies with a female fetus, vascular pathology was associated with a reduced birth-weight z score when the mother's 25(OH)D concentration was <30 nmol/L (β: -0.73; 95% CI: -1.17, -0.30). No association was observed between pathology and birth weight in mothers of female offspring with 25(OH)D concentrations ≥30 nmol/L or in boys, regardless of maternal 25(OH)D status. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest complex relations between vitamin D, placental vascular pathology, and birth weight that differ by infant sex. Maternal vitamin D status may be beneficial for male and female offspring through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison D Gernand
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Endothelial relaxation mechanisms and nitrative stress are partly restored by Vitamin D3 therapy in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Life Sci 2013; 93:133-8. [PMID: 23685132 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunction is related to hyperandrogenic status and insulin resistance, however, Vitamin D3 has a beneficial effect partly due to its anti-oxidant capacity. Nitrative stress is a major factor in the development of cardiovascular dysfunction and insulin resistance in various diseases. Our aim was to determine the effects of vitamin D3 in a rat model of PCOS, particularly the pathogenic role of nitrative stress. MAIN METHODS Female Wistar rats weighing 100-140g were administered vehicle (C), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or dihydrotestosterone plus vitamin D3 (DHT+D) (n=10 per group). On the 10th week, acetylcholine (Ach) induced relaxation ability of the isolated thoracic aorta rings was determined. In order to examine the possible role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathways in the impaired endothelial function, immunohistochemical labeling of aortas with anti-eNOS and anti-COX-2 antibodies was performed. Leukocyte smears, aorta and ovary tissue sections were also immunostained with anti-nitrotyrosine antibody to determine nitrative stress. KEY FINDINGS Relaxation ability of aorta was reduced in group DHT, and vitamin D3 partly restored Ach induced relaxation. eNOS labeling was significantly lower in DHT rats compared to the other two groups, however COX-2 staining showed an increment. Nitrative stress showed a significant increase in response to dihydrotestosterone, while vitamin D3 treatment, in case of the ovaries, was able to reverse this effect. SIGNIFICANCE Nitrative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS and in the development of the therapeutic effect of vitamin D3.
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Labruijere S, van Houten ELAF, de Vries R, Musterd-Bagghoe UM, Garrelds IM, Kramer P, Danser AHJ, Villalón CM, Visser JA, Van Den Brink AM. Analysis of the vascular responses in a murine model of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol 2013; 218:205-13. [PMID: 23734045 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of there productive age, but the exact pathophysiological mechanisms involved remain unclear. Cardiovascular disease risk is increased in PCOS patients and endothelial damage has been observed. We recently developed a mouse model of PCOS with reproductive and metabolic characteristics resembling those observed in women with PCOS. In this model we studied vascular function with particular emphasis on markers of vascular endothelial function. Animals were treated for 90 days with dihydrotestosterone (DHT; 27.5 mg/day) or placebo using subcutaneous continuous-release pellets. Aortas were isolated for isometric force recordings in organ baths to investigate endothelial and vascular smooth muscle characteristics. Lungs were used to analyze endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and phosphorylation. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels were investigated in serum to assess endothelial damage. Expression of androgen receptor (Ar) mRNA was studied in aortas. DHT treatment (compared with placebo) induced i) a significant decrease in acetylcholine-induced aortic relaxations, with no change in calcitonin gene related peptide- or sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxations, as well as 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contractions; ii) no change in eNOS expression/phosphorylation in lungs or in plasma ADMA levels; and iii) a twofold increase in aortic AR expression. Our results suggest that, in DHT-exposed mice, hyperandrogenemia specifically decreases endothelium dependent vasorelaxation without deterioration of smooth muscle function. This study may initiate further investigations to elucidate underlying mechanism for the phenotype that is present in these animals, as well as in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieneke Labruijere
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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