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Diniz MS, Magalhães CC, Tocantins C, Grilo LF, Teixeira J, Pereira SP. Nurturing through Nutrition: Exploring the Role of Antioxidants in Maternal Diet during Pregnancy to Mitigate Developmental Programming of Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:4623. [PMID: 37960276 PMCID: PMC10649237 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases represent one of the major causes of death worldwide. It has been suggested that pregnancy-related conditions, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), maternal obesity (MO), and intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) induce an adverse intrauterine environment, increasing the offspring's predisposition to chronic diseases later in life. Research has suggested that mitochondrial function and oxidative stress may play a role in the developmental programming of chronic diseases. Having this in mind, in this review, we include evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are mechanisms by which GDM, MO, and IUGR program the offspring to chronic diseases. In this specific context, we explore the promising advantages of maternal antioxidant supplementation using compounds such as resveratrol, curcumin, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and Mitoquinone (MitoQ) in addressing the metabolic dysfunction and oxidative stress associated with GDM, MO, and IUGR in fetoplacental and offspring metabolic health. This approach holds potential to mitigate developmental programming-related risk of chronic diseases, serving as a probable intervention for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S. Diniz
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carina C. Magalhães
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina Tocantins
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís F. Grilo
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Teixeira
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana P. Pereira
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Urine Metabolomics Reveals Overlapping Metabolic Associations Between Preeclampsia and Gestational Diabetes. Indian J Clin Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Alharbi KK, Alsaikhan AS, Alshammary AF, Al-Hakeem MM, Ali Khan I. Screening of mitochondrial mutations in Saudi women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus: A non-replicative case-control study. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:360-365. [PMID: 35002430 PMCID: PMC8716902 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Among metabolic disorders, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is specified as hyperglycemia caused by glucose or carbohydrate intolerance defects. GDM is distinguished by oxidative stress, and has been connected to mitochondrial dysfunction. Previous studies have documented the relation between A12026G, A8344G and A3243G mutations in ND4, tRNALeu(UUR), and tRNALys genes in different modes of diabetes. Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate into the relationship between GDM women and common mitochondrial mutations including A12026, A8344G, and A3243G in Saudi women. Methods In this case-control study, we have opted 96 GDM and 102 non-GDM pregnant women and DNA was extracted using EDTA blood and based on specific primers, Polymerase Chain Reaction was followed and then Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed. Restriction enzymes was cross-checked with Lambda DNA and 10% of the purified PCR products were performed the Sanger sequencing analysis to reconfirm the RFLP analysis of the studied results. Results None of the heterozygous and homozygous mutations were not observed in our study. All the subjects were turned to be homozygous normal genotypes. Conclusion This study confirms that A12026, A8344G, and A3243G mutations have no role in the Saudi women with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Khalaf Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Sulaiman Alsaikhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal F Alshammary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Mohammed Al-Hakeem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Ali Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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Cheng Y, Lu X, Zhao F, Sun G. The Effects of Serum Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 on the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:3891-3899. [PMID: 36545294 PMCID: PMC9760576 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s391888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In order to gain more knowledge on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to provide evidence for clinical guidance on the optimum level of serum folic acid and vitamin B12, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between serum folic acid and vitamin B12 and the risk of GDM. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective case-control study was conducted based on the clinical information system of the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province. Clinical data including maternal socio-demographical characteristics, serum folic acid, and vitamin B12 were collected. Logistic regression analyses and restricted cubic splines were performed to examine the impact of serum folic acid and vitamin B12 on the risk of GDM. RESULTS Significantly elevated risks of GDM were observed in groups with high serum folic acid concentration (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.07-3.16), and in low vitamin B12 concentration (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.26-3.65). After stratified by age, the increased risk of GDM was still noticed in a low level of vitamin B12 among mothers aged <30 years (OR = 4.76, 95% CI: 1.45-15.61). In mothers with pre-pregnancy BMI <24, elevated risk of GDM was significantly associated with a high folic acid (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.11-3.93) or a low vitamin B12 concentration (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.22-4.14). Moreover, the risk of GDM was on the decline with the increased level of folic acid in the beginning, and it started to manifest an upward trend when the serum folic acid reached 19.02 ng/mL. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that serum folic acid excess or vitamin B12 deficiency could contribute to the increased risk of GDM, and revealed the potential side effect of serum folic acid overdose. As serum folic acid and vitamin B12 tests are widely applied in clinical practice, this finding could help clinicians to evaluate maternal risk from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cheng
- Obstetrics Department, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinfeng Lu
- Medical Record Department, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feixia Zhao
- Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Obstetrics Department, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guoqiang Sun, Obstetrics Department, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuluo Road No. 745, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-15972153596, Email
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Maher A, Sobczyńska-Malefora A. The Relationship Between Folate, Vitamin B12 and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus With Proposed Mechanisms and Foetal Implications. J Family Reprod Health 2021; 15:141-149. [PMID: 34721605 PMCID: PMC8536822 DOI: 10.18502/jfrh.v15i3.7131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is rising, which warrants attention due to the associated complications during pregnancy and in the long term for both mother and offspring. Studies have suggested a relationship between maternal folate (vitamin B9) and vitamin B12 status and GDM risk. Seemingly the most problematic scenario occurs when there is B-vitamin imbalance, with high folate and low vitamin B12. This nutritional state can occur in vitamin B12 deficient women who exceed the recommended folic acid supplementation. However, the pathological mechanisms behind this relationship are currently unclear and are explored in this review article. A high folate/low B12 can lead to a functional folate deficiency through the methyl-trap phenomenon, impairing re-methylation of homocysteine and regeneration of folates for DNA synthesis and repair. Consequently elevated homocysteine concentration leads to endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Vitamin B12 deficiency also leads to an impairment of the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, which has been associated with insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is thought to contribute to the etiology of GDM. More studies are needed to confirm the impact of these and other mechanisms on disease development. However, it highlights a potential avenue for GDM risk modification through a vitamin B12 supplement and improvement of maternal metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Maher
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Agata Sobczyńska-Malefora
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK.,Nutristasis Unit, Viapath, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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Castellani CA, Longchamps RJ, Sumpter JA, Newcomb CE, Lane JA, Grove ML, Bressler J, Brody JA, Floyd JS, Bartz TM, Taylor KD, Wang P, Tin A, Coresh J, Pankow JS, Fornage M, Guallar E, O'Rourke B, Pankratz N, Liu C, Levy D, Sotoodehnia N, Boerwinkle E, Arking DE. Mitochondrial DNA copy number can influence mortality and cardiovascular disease via methylation of nuclear DNA CpGs. Genome Med 2020; 12:84. [PMID: 32988399 PMCID: PMC7523322 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) has been associated with a variety of aging-related diseases, including all-cause mortality. However, the mechanism by which mtDNA-CN influences disease is not currently understood. One such mechanism may be through regulation of nuclear gene expression via the modification of nuclear DNA (nDNA) methylation. METHODS To investigate this hypothesis, we assessed the relationship between mtDNA-CN and nDNA methylation in 2507 African American (AA) and European American (EA) participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. To validate our findings, we assayed an additional 2528 participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) (N = 533) and Framingham Heart Study (FHS) (N = 1995). We further assessed the effect of experimental modification of mtDNA-CN through knockout of TFAM, a regulator of mtDNA replication, via CRISPR-Cas9. RESULTS Thirty-four independent CpGs were associated with mtDNA-CN at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10- 8). Meta-analysis across all cohorts identified six mtDNA-CN-associated CpGs at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10- 8). Additionally, over half of these CpGs were associated with phenotypes known to be associated with mtDNA-CN, including coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Experimental modification of mtDNA-CN demonstrated that modulation of mtDNA-CN results in changes in nDNA methylation and gene expression of specific CpGs and nearby transcripts. Strikingly, the "neuroactive ligand receptor interaction" KEGG pathway was found to be highly overrepresented in the ARIC cohort (P = 5.24 × 10- 12), as well as the TFAM knockout methylation (P = 4.41 × 10- 4) and expression (P = 4.30 × 10- 4) studies. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that changes in mtDNA-CN influence nDNA methylation at specific loci and result in differential expression of specific genes that may impact human health and disease via altered cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Castellani
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan J Longchamps
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jason A Sumpter
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles E Newcomb
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John A Lane
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Megan L Grove
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James S Floyd
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Penglong Wang
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adrienne Tin
- Department of Epidemiology and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Department of Epidemiology and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in the fetoplacental unit in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165948. [PMID: 32866635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease of pregnancy that is associated with d-glucose intolerance and foeto-placental vascular dysfunction. GMD causes mitochondrial dysfunction in the placental endothelium and trophoblast. Additionally, GDM is associated with reduced placental oxidative phosphorylation due to diminished activity of the mitochondrial F0F1-ATP synthase (complex V). This phenomenon may result from a higher generation of reactive superoxide anion and nitric oxide. Placental mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy work in concert to maintain cell homeostasis and are vital mechanisms securing the efficient generation of ATP, whose demand is higher in pregnancy, ensuring foetal growth and development. Additional factors disturbing placental ATP synthase activity in GDM include pre-gestational maternal obesity or overweight, intracellular pH, miRNAs, fatty acid oxidation, and foetal (and 'placental') sex. GDM is also associated with maternal and foetal hyperinsulinaemia, altered circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin, and the accumulation of extracellular adenosine. Here, we reviewed the potential interplay between these molecules or metabolic conditions on the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in the foeto-placental unit in GDM pregnancies.
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Nobiletin exerts anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects in an in vitro human model and in vivo murine model of gestational diabetes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:571-592. [PMID: 32129440 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global health issue, whereby pregnant women are afflicted with carbohydrate intolerance with first onset during pregnancy. GDM is characterized by maternal peripheral insulin resistance, thought to be driven by low-grade maternal inflammation. Nobiletin, a polymethoxylated flavonoid, possesses potent glucose-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its effects in GDM have not been assessed. The present study aimed to determine the effects of nobiletin on glucose metabolism and inflammation associated with GDM in both in vitro human tissues and an in vivo animal model of GDM. In vitro, treatment with nobiletin significantly improved TNF-impaired glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle, and suppressed mRNA expression and protein secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in human placenta and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Mechanistically, nobiletin significantly inhibited Akt and Erk activation in placenta, and NF-κB activation in VAT. In vivo, GDM mice treated with 50 mg/kg nobiletin daily via oral gavage from gestational day (gd) 1-17 or via i.p. injections from gd 10-17 significantly improved glucose tolerance. Pregnant GDM mice treated with nobiletin from either gd 1-17 or gd 10-17 exhibited significantly suppressed mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in placenta, VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Using a quantitative mass spectrometry approach, we identified differentially abundant proteins associated with the effect of nobiletin in vivo. Together, these studies demonstrate that nobiletin improves glucose metabolism and reduces inflammation associated with GDM and may be a novel therapeutic for the prevention of GDM.
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McElwain C, McCarthy CM. Investigating mitochondrial dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus and elucidating if BMI is a causative mediator. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 251:60-65. [PMID: 32480181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance which is diagnosed during pregnancy and poses considerable health risks for mother and child. Maternal body mass index (BMI) correlates with GDM diagnosis and the pathophysiology of this link may be explained through oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study we investigate if mitochondrial dysfunction is evident in GDM by measuring cell free mitochondrial DNA concentration and determine if a potential relationship exists between maternal mitochondrial function and GDM diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN Plasma samples were taken at 20 weeks' gestation from women who subsequently developed GDM (n = 44) and matched with women with uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 85) as controls. Control group 1 was matched by maternal age and BMI (n = 41) to GDM cases, while control group 2 was matched by maternal age alone (n = 44). Prediction potential was determined by binary regression analysis. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS Statistics v25. RESULTS Binary regression analysis showed a statistically significant association between mtDNA concentration and GDM diagnosis (p = 0.032) in GDM cases versus control group 2, indicating that GDM patients have higher circulating mtDNA concentrations relative to healthy control patients. The lack of statistical significance in control group 1 suggests that BMI may be linked to mitochondrial function in GDM patients. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate a potential pathogenic role for mitochondrial dysfunction in GDM, with BMI presenting as a likely physiological mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm McElwain
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Cathal M McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Abbade J, Klemetti MM, Farrell A, Ermini L, Gillmore T, Sallais J, Tagliaferro A, Post M, Caniggia I. Increased placental mitochondrial fusion in gestational diabetes mellitus: an adaptive mechanism to optimize feto-placental metabolic homeostasis? BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e000923. [PMID: 32144130 PMCID: PMC7059528 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a common pregnancy disorder, increases the risk of fetal overgrowth and later metabolic morbidity in the offspring. The placenta likely mediates these sequelae, but the exact mechanisms remain elusive. Mitochondrial dynamics refers to the joining and division of these organelles, in attempts to maintain cellular homeostasis in stress conditions or alterations in oxygen and fuel availability. These remodeling processes are critical to optimize mitochondrial function, and their disturbances characterize diabetes and obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS Herein we show that placental mitochondrial dynamics are tilted toward fusion in GDM, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy and changes in the expression of key mechanochemical enzymes such as OPA1 and active phosphorylated DRP1. In vitro experiments using choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells demonstrated that increased exposure to insulin, which typifies GDM, promotes mitochondrial fusion. As placental ceramide induces mitochondrial fission in pre-eclampsia, we also examined ceramide content in GDM and control placentae and observed a reduction in placental ceramide enrichment in GDM, likely due to an insulin-dependent increase in ceramide-degrading ASAH1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Placental mitochondrial fusion is enhanced in GDM, possibly as a compensatory response to maternal and fetal metabolic derangements. Alterations in placental insulin exposure and sphingolipid metabolism are among potential contributing factors. Overall, our results suggest that GDM has profound impacts on placental mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism, with plausible implications for the short-term and long-term health of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelcio Abbade
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miira Marjuska Klemetti
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abby Farrell
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonardo Ermini
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor Gillmore
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julien Sallais
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Martin Post
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children SickKids Learning Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabella Caniggia
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Liu J, Mosavati B, Oleinikov AV, Du E. Biosensors for Detection of Human Placental Pathologies: A Review of Emerging Technologies and Current Trends. Transl Res 2019; 213:23-49. [PMID: 31170377 PMCID: PMC6783355 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Substantial growth in the biosensor research has enabled novel, sensitive and point-of-care diagnosis of human diseases in the last decade. This paper presents an overview of the research in the field of biosensors that can potentially predict and diagnosis of common placental pathologies. A survey of biomarkers in maternal circulation and their characterization methods is presented, including markers of oxidative stress, angiogenic factors, placental debris, and inflammatory biomarkers that are associated with various pathophysiological processes in the context of pregnancy complications. Novel biosensors enabled by microfluidics technology and nanomaterials is then reviewed. Representative designs of plasmonic and electrochemical biosensors for highly sensitive and multiplexed detection of biomarkers, as well as on-chip sample preparation and sensing for automatic biomarker detection are illustrated. New trends in organ-on-a-chip based placental disease models are highlighted to illustrate the capability of these in vitro disease models in better understanding the complex pathophysiological processes, including mass transfer across the placental barrier, oxidative stress, inflammation, and malaria infection. Biosensor technologies that can be potentially embedded in the placental models for real time, label-free monitoring of these processes and events are suggested. Merger of cell culture in microfluidics and biosensing can provide significant potential for new developments in advanced placental models, and tools for diagnosis, drug screening and efficacy testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Babak Mosavati
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Andrew V Oleinikov
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - E Du
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida; Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida.
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The relationship between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and onset of lactation among postpartum women: A prospective observational cohort study. Int J Nurs Stud 2019; 97:55-62. [PMID: 31181412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed onset of lactation is a key factor in the low rate of exclusive breast-feeding in 6 months after caesarean section. The mechanism of delayed onset of lactation is not clear. Milk production depends largely on mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthesis, and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is closely related to mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid copy number and adenosine triphosphate production. Presently, it is unclear whether a difference in the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio exists between those undergoing vaginal delivery and those undergoing caesarean delivery and, if so, whether the difference correlates to the time of onset of lactation. OBJECTIVES To identify whether the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio at 24 hours after delivery is different between mothers delivering by caesarean section and those giving birth vaginally and whether the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is related to the delayed onset of lactation. DESIGN The study adopted a prospective cohort study design. SETTINGS Maternity units of an Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital. PARTICIPANTS 327 mother-infant pairs who met inclusion/exclusion criteria and were followed up to the time of onset of lactation. METHODS Mother-infant pairs were allocated to the vaginal birth group or the caesarean section group according to birth method. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was calculated as the absolute value of neutrophils divided by the absolute value of lymphocytes based on full blood counts. Before delivery, full blood counts were obtained from medical records. After delivery, blood samples were drawn 24 hours postpartum, and blood cells were classified and counted. The onset of lactation was confirmed by the maternal perception of breast fullness. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and its relationship with lactation onset were analyzed by multivariable regression. RESULTS The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios of both groups were elevated after delivery. Based on the covariance analysis, after adjusting for baseline full blood counts before delivery, the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in the caesarean group was higher than the ratio in the vaginal group after delivery (p = .000). In addition, after adjustment for confounding factors, multivariable regression analyses showed that an increased neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was correlated with delayed onset of lactation (95% confidence interval 0.285-1.646). CONCLUSIONS The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in the caesarean section group was higher than that in the vaginal delivery group and was related to a delayed onset of lactation. Given the decreased mitochondrial copy number in the elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and therefore the associated reduction in adenosine triphosphate synthesis, these findings may elucidate the mechanism for delayed onset of lactation in caesarean section births.
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Nahavandi S, Seah JM, Shub A, Houlihan C, Ekinci EI. Biomarkers for Macrosomia Prediction in Pregnancies Affected by Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:407. [PMID: 30108547 PMCID: PMC6079223 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Large birthweight, or macrosomia, is one of the commonest complications for pregnancies affected by diabetes. As macrosomia is associated with an increased risk of a number of adverse outcomes for both the mother and offspring, accurate antenatal prediction of fetal macrosomia could be beneficial in guiding appropriate models of care and interventions that may avoid or reduce these associated risks. However, current prediction strategies which include physical examination and ultrasound assessment, are imprecise. Biomarkers are proving useful in various specialties and may offer a new avenue for improved prediction of macrosomia. Prime biomarker candidates in pregnancies with diabetes include maternal glycaemic markers (glucose, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, glycosylated hemoglobin) and hormones proposed implicated in placental nutrient transfer (adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-1). There is some support for an association of these biomarkers with birthweight and/or macrosomia, although current evidence in this emerging field is still limited. Thus, although biomarkers hold promise, further investigation is needed to elucidate the potential clinical utility of biomarkers for macrosomia prediction for pregnancies affected by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Nahavandi
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jas-mine Seah
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexis Shub
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Mercy Hospital for Women, Mercy Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine Houlihan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Mercy Hospital for Women, Mercy Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elif I. Ekinci
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Lattuada D, Alfonsi G, Roncati L, Pusiol T, Bulfoni A, Ferrero S, Lavezzi A. Mitochondrial DNA content: A new biomarker for sudden intrauterine unexplained death syndrome (SIUDS). Mitochondrion 2018; 40:13-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ramírez-Emiliano J, Fajardo-Araujo ME, Zúñiga-Trujillo I, Pérez-Vázquez V, Sandoval-Salazar C, Órnelas-Vázquez JK. Mitochondrial content, oxidative, and nitrosative stress in human full-term placentas with gestational diabetes mellitus. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15:26. [PMID: 28376894 PMCID: PMC5381032 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-017-0244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the mitochondrial content, and the oxidative and nitrosative stress of the placenta in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS Full-term placentas from GDM and healthy pregnancies were collected following informed consent. The lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and oxidized protein (carbonyls) levels were determined by spectrophotometry, and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), subunit IV of cytochrome oxidase (COX4), adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and actin were determined by western blot, whereas ATPase activity was performed by determining the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) consumption using a High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. RESULTS TBARS and carbonyls levels were lower in the placentas of women with GDM compared with the normal placentas (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Also, 3-NT/actin and AMPK/actin ratios were higher in GDM placentas than in the normal placentas (p = 0.03 and p = 0.012, respectively). Whereas COX4/actin ratio and ATPase activity were similar between GDM placentas and those controls. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that placentas with GDM are more protected against oxidative damage, but are more susceptible to nitrosative damage as compared to normal placentas. Moreover, the increased expression levels of AMPK in GDM placentas suggest that AMPK might have a role in maintaining the mitochondrial biogenesis at normal levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION HGRL28072011 . Registered 28 July 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Ramírez-Emiliano
- grid.412891.7Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, Gto. México
| | | | - Ismael Zúñiga-Trujillo
- grid.412891.7Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, Gto. México
| | | | - Cuauhtémoc Sandoval-Salazar
- grid.412891.7Departamento de Enfermería y Obstetricia, División de Ciencias de Salud e Ingenierías, Campus Celaya-Salvatierra, Universidad de Guanajuato, Celaya, Gto. México
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Roncati L, Termopoli V, Pusiol T. Negative Role of the Environmental Endocrine Disruptors in the Human Neurodevelopment. Front Neurol 2016; 7:143. [PMID: 27625632 PMCID: PMC5003883 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocrine disruptors (EDs) are able to influence the endocrine system, mimicking or antagonizing hormonal molecules. They are bio-persistent for their degradation resistance in the environment. Our research group has investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) the EDs presence in 35 brain samples, coming from 27 cases of sudden intrauterine unexplained death syndrome (SIUDS) and 8 cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), collected by centralization in the last year (2015). More in detail, a mixture of 25 EDs has been subjected to analytical procedure, following standard protocols. Among the target analytes, some organochlorine pesticides, that is α-chlordane, γ-chlordane, heptachlor, p,p-DDE, p,p-DDT, and the two most commonly used organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), chlorpyrifos and chlorfenvinfos, have been found in seven and three samples, respectively. The analytical procedure used to detect the presence of environmental EDs in cortex samples has been successfully implemented on SIUDS and SIDS victims. The environmental EDs have been found to be able to overcome the placental barrier, reaching also the basal ganglia assigned to the control of the vital functions. This finding, related to the OPPs bio-persistence, implies a conceptual redefinition of the fetal–placental and fetal blood–brain barriers: not real safety barriers but simply time-deferral mechanisms of absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Roncati
- Provincial Health Care Services, Institute of Pathology, Santa Maria del Carmine Hospital, Rovereto, Trentino, Italy; Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Veronica Termopoli
- LC-MS Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Life and Environment (DiSTeVA), University of Urbino , Urbino , Italy
| | - Teresa Pusiol
- Provincial Health Care Services, Institute of Pathology, Santa Maria del Carmine Hospital , Rovereto, Trentino , Italy
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Qu X, Yu H, Jia B, Yu X, Cui Q, Liu Z, Sun C, Chu Y. Association of downregulated HDAC 2 with the impaired mitochondrial function and cytokine secretion in the monocytes/macrophages from gestational diabetes mellitus patients. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:642-51. [PMID: 26936353 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases in later life, yet with underlying mechanisms unclear. The present study was to explore the association of upregulated histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC 2) with the impaired mitochondrial function and the cytokine secretion in the monocytes/macrophages from GDM patients. In this study, we examined the mitochondrial function, proinflamatory cytokine secretion and the HDAC 2 level in the serum or in the monocytes/macrophages from GDM patients, investigated the influence by HDAC 2 inhibitor, AR-42 (N-hydroxy-4-[[(2S)-3-methyl-2-phenylbutanoyl]amino]benzamide), on the mitochondrial function and cytokine secretion in the isolated GDM monocytes/macrophages. Results demonstrated an increased mitochondria size, mitochondrial superoxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and an undermined mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) in the GDM monocytes/macrophages. And the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 were also markedly higher in the GDM pregnancies, while the expression and activity of HDAC 2 was downregulated. Moreover, AR-42-mediated HDAC 2 inhibition in vitro contributed to the impaired mitochondrial function and the proinflamatory cytokine secretion. In conclusion, this study suggests an association of the impaired mitochondrial function and the promoted proinflamatory cytokine secretion with the reduced HDAC 2 activity in GDM. These findings may present HDAC 2 as a target for GDM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Hongna Yu
- Department of Ultrasonography, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Bei Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhifen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Chengming Sun
- Clinical laboratory, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Yongli Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
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Hastie R, Lappas M. The effect of pre-existing maternal obesity and diabetes on placental mitochondrial content and electron transport chain activity. Placenta 2014; 35:673-83. [PMID: 25002362 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.06.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondria dysfunction has been extensively implicated in the progression of these metabolic disorders, their role in placental tissue of diabetic and/or obese pregnant women is yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pre-existing type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and pre-existing maternal obesity on placental mitochondrial function as assessed by mitochondrial content, electron transport chain (ETC) complex activities and oxidative stress. METHODS Human placenta was obtained at the time of term Caesarean section from (i) non-obese (n = 19) and obese (n = 23) normal glucose tolerant (NGT) pregnant women; (ii) women with type 1 DM (n = 14) and BMI-matched NGT women (n = 14); and (iii) women with type 2 DM (n = 11) and BMI-matched NGT women (n = 11). The following endpoints were assessed: placental mitochondrial content by citrate synthase activity and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA content); mitochondrial respiratory chain activity (complexes I, II, II & III, III and IV), and mitochondrial ROS (as assessed by mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels). RESULTS When compared to placenta from NGT non-obese women, there was significantly lower mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and electron transport chain complex I activity, and significantly higher mitochondrial H2O2 levels in placenta from NGT obese women (P < 0.05). Placental tissue from type 1 DM women showed significant reductions in ETC complex I, II & III, and III activity and increased H2O2 levels when compared to BMI-matched NGT women (P < 0.05). Type 2 DM women only exhibited significantly reduced ETC complex II & III activity when compared to BMI-matched NGT women (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Women with pre-existing obesity or diabetes have decreased placental mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities which may have detrimental consequences on placental function and therefore fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hastie
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
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Horan MP, Cooper DN. The emergence of the mitochondrial genome as a partial regulator of nuclear function is providing new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying age-related complex disease. Hum Genet 2013; 133:435-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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