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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Xu X, Guo X, Xu S, Ma S, Chen J, Qi X. Association of C-type lectin-like receptor 2 and galectin-1 with portal vein system thrombosis in HBV-related liver cirrhosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1228636. [PMID: 37720512 PMCID: PMC10501130 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1228636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most common cause of liver cirrhosis. Portal venous system thrombosis (PVST) is a major complication of liver cirrhosis. Recently, it has been shown that C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) and galectin-1 participate in the activation and aggregation of platelets, thereby promoting the development of thrombosis. This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the association of serum CLEC-2 and galectin-1 levels with PVST in patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis. Methods Overall, 65 patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis were included, of whom 23 had PVST and 42 did not have. Serum CLEC-2 and galectin-1 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. PVST was assessed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging scans. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to the degree and location of PVST. Results Patients with PVST had significantly higher serum CLEC-2 (p = 0.006) and galectin-1 (p = 0.009) levels than those without. Patients with partial/complete PVST or fibrotic cord (p = 0.007; p = 0.002), but not those with mural PVST (p = 0.199; p = 0.797), had significantly higher serum CLEC-2 and galectin-1 levels than those without PVST. Patients with superior mesenteric vein thrombosis had significantly higher serum CLEC-2 (p = 0.013) and galectin-1 (p = 0.025) levels than those without PVST. Patients with main portal vein thrombosis had higher serum CLEC-2 (p = 0.020) and galectin-1 (p = 0.066) levels than those without PVST, but the difference in serum galectin-1 level was not significant between them. Conclusion Serum CLEC-2 and galectin-1 levels may be associated with the presence of PVST in HBV-related cirrhotic patients, but this association should be dependent upon the degree of PVST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Zhang
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People’s Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangbo Xu
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaozhong Guo
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Shixue Xu
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaoze Ma
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jihong Chen
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Liver Cirrhosis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
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A Novel Four-Gene Signature as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:1452801. [PMID: 34950206 PMCID: PMC8691992 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1452801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality rates. However, a reliable prognostic signature has not yet been confirmed. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to develop a biomarker with high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with HCC. The mRNA expression profiles of HCC were obtained from the GSE19665, GSE41804, and TCGA databases. Subsequently, 193 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the intersection of the data from the three datasets. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the identified DEGs are related to the cell cycle, oocyte meiosis, and p53 signaling pathway, among other factors, in cancers. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) and a functional analysis were performed to investigate the biological function of the DEGs and obtain the candidate genes using the MCODE of Cytoscape. The candidate genes were introduced into the TCGA database for survival analysis, and the four candidate genes that were hub genes and meaningful for survival were retained for further verification. We validated the gene and protein expression and determined the prognosis of our patient cohort. In addition, we evaluated the biological functions regulating tumor cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro. According to the ROC curve analysis of gene expression in clinical samples, it was found that the four genes can be used to predict the diagnosis. A survival analysis based on data from the TCGA database and clinical samples showed that the four genes may be used as biomarkers for providing prognoses for patients. The cell functional experiments revealed that these four genes were related to tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion. In conclusion, the genes identified in the present study could be used as markers to diagnose and predict the prognosis of patients with HCC and guide targeted therapy.
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Fu G, Deng M, Neal MD, Billiar TR, Scott MJ. Platelet-Monocyte Aggregates: Understanding Mechanisms and Functions in Sepsis. Shock 2021; 55:156-166. [PMID: 32694394 PMCID: PMC8008955 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Platelets have been shown to play an important immunomodulatory role in the pathogenesis of various diseases through their interactions with other immune and nonimmune cells. Sepsis is a major cause of death in the United States, and many of the mechanisms driving sepsis pathology are still unresolved. Monocytes have recently received increasing attention in sepsis pathogenesis, and multiple studies have associated increased levels of platelet-monocyte aggregates observed early in sepsis with clinical outcomes in sepsis patients. These findings suggest platelet-monocyte aggregates may be an important prognostic indicator. However, the mechanisms leading to platelet interaction and aggregation with monocytes, and the effects of aggregation during sepsis are still poorly defined. There are few studies that have really investigated functions of platelets and monocytes together, despite a large body of research showing separate functions of platelets and monocytes in inflammation and immune responses during sepsis. The goal of this review is to provide insights into what we do know about mechanisms and biological meanings of platelet-monocyte interactions, as well as some of the technical challenges and limitations involved in studying this important potential mechanism in sepsis pathogenesis. Improving our understanding of platelet and monocyte biology in sepsis may result in identification of novel targets that can be used to positively affect outcomes in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (visiting scholar in Pittsburgh 2018-09/2020-09)
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Meihong Deng
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew D. Neal
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy R. Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Melanie J. Scott
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Snake venom rhodocytin induces plasma extravasation via toxin-mediated interactions between platelets and mast cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15958. [PMID: 31685912 PMCID: PMC6828706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Venomous snakebites can induce local tissue damage, including necrosis of soft tissues, haemorrhage, blistering and local swelling associated with plasma extravasation, which can lead to lethal complications such as hypovolemic shock. However, the details of the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we showed that intradermal treatment of mice with venom rhodocytin from the Malayan viper Calloselasma rhodostoma induced plasma extravasation, dependent on C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) on platelets. Rhodocytin-induced plasma extravasation also relied on mast cells and histamine. In vitro co-culture of rhodocytin-activated platelets with mast cells induced histamine release from mast cells in an ATP/P2X7-dependent manner. Consistent with this, blockade or deficiency of P2X7 in mast cells suppressed rhodocytin-induced plasma extravasation in the skin. Together, these findings indicate that rhodocytin induces plasma extravasation by triggering platelet activation via CLEC-2, followed by activation of mast cells and histamine release via the ATP/P2X7 pathway. These results reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism by which snake venom increases vascular permeability via complex venom toxin–mediated interactions between platelets and mast cells.
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Mosley JD, Benson MD, Smith JG, Melander O, Ngo D, Shaffer CM, Ferguson JF, Herzig MS, McCarty CA, Chute CG, Jarvik GP, Gordon AS, Palmer MR, Crosslin DR, Larson EB, Carrell DS, Kullo IJ, Pacheco JA, Peissig PL, Brilliant MH, Kitchner TE, Linneman JG, Namjou B, Williams MS, Ritchie MD, Borthwick KM, Kiryluk K, Mentch FD, Sleiman PM, Karlson EW, Verma SS, Zhu Y, Vasan RS, Yang Q, Denny JC, Roden DM, Gerszten RE, Wang TJ. Probing the Virtual Proteome to Identify Novel Disease Biomarkers. Circulation 2019; 138:2469-2481. [PMID: 30571344 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteomic approaches allow measurement of thousands of proteins in a single specimen, which can accelerate biomarker discovery. However, applying these technologies to massive biobanks is not currently feasible because of the practical barriers and costs of implementing such assays at scale. To overcome these challenges, we used a "virtual proteomic" approach, linking genetically predicted protein levels to clinical diagnoses in >40 000 individuals. METHODS We used genome-wide association data from the Framingham Heart Study (n=759) to construct genetic predictors for 1129 plasma protein levels. We validated the genetic predictors for 268 proteins and used them to compute predicted protein levels in 41 288 genotyped individuals in the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) cohort. We tested associations for each predicted protein with 1128 clinical phenotypes. Lead associations were validated with directly measured protein levels and either low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or subclinical atherosclerosis in the MDCS (Malmö Diet and Cancer Study; n=651). RESULTS In the virtual proteomic analysis in eMERGE, 55 proteins were associated with 89 distinct diagnoses at a false discovery rate q<0.1. Among these, 13 associations involved lipid (n=7) or atherosclerosis (n=6) phenotypes. We tested each association for validation in MDCS using directly measured protein levels. At Bonferroni-adjusted significance thresholds, levels of apolipoprotein E isoforms were associated with hyperlipidemia, and circulating C-type lectin domain family 1 member B and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β predicted subclinical atherosclerosis. Odds ratios for carotid atherosclerosis were 1.31 (95% CI, 1.08-1.58; P=0.006) per 1-SD increment in C-type lectin domain family 1 member B and 0.79 (0.66-0.94; P=0.008) per 1-SD increment in platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a biomarker discovery paradigm to identify candidate biomarkers of cardiovascular and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Mosley
- Department of Medicine (J.D.M., C.M.S., J.F.F., J.C.D., T.J.W.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Mark D Benson
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.D.B.).,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.D.B., M.S.H., R.E.G.)
| | - J Gustav Smith
- Molecular Epidemiology and Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (J.G.S., O.M.)
| | - Olle Melander
- Molecular Epidemiology and Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (J.G.S., O.M.)
| | - Debby Ngo
- Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.N.)
| | - Christian M Shaffer
- Department of Medicine (J.D.M., C.M.S., J.F.F., J.C.D., T.J.W.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jane F Ferguson
- Department of Medicine (J.D.M., C.M.S., J.F.F., J.C.D., T.J.W.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Matthew S Herzig
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.D.B., M.S.H., R.E.G.)
| | | | - Christopher G Chute
- Schools of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (C.G.C.)
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Departments of Medicine (J.P.J., A.S.G., M.R.P., E.B.L.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Adam S Gordon
- Departments of Medicine (J.P.J., A.S.G., M.R.P., E.B.L.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Melody R Palmer
- Departments of Medicine (J.P.J., A.S.G., M.R.P., E.B.L.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - David R Crosslin
- Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education (D.R.C.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Eric B Larson
- Departments of Medicine (J.P.J., A.S.G., M.R.P., E.B.L.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (E.B.L., D.S.C.)
| | - David S Carrell
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (E.B.L., D.S.C.)
| | - Iftikhar J Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (I.J.K.)
| | - Jennifer A Pacheco
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (J.A.P.)
| | - Peggy L Peissig
- Biomedical Informatics Research Center (P.L.P., J.G.L.), Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, WI
| | - Murray H Brilliant
- Center for Computational and Biomedical Informatics (M.H.B., T.E.K.), Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, WI
| | - Terrie E Kitchner
- Center for Computational and Biomedical Informatics (M.H.B., T.E.K.), Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, WI
| | - James G Linneman
- Biomedical Informatics Research Center (P.L.P., J.G.L.), Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, WI
| | - Bahram Namjou
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, OH (B.N.)
| | - Marc S Williams
- Genomic Medicine Institute (M.S.W.), Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Genetics (M.D.R.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Kenneth M Borthwick
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics (K.M.B.), Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA
| | - Krzysztof Kiryluk
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (K.K.)
| | - Frank D Mentch
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (F.D.M., P.M.S.)
| | - Patrick M Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (F.D.M., P.M.S.)
| | - Elizabeth W Karlson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.W.K.)
| | - Shefali S Verma
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Genetics (S.S.V.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Yineng Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (Y.Z., Q.Y.)
| | | | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (Y.Z., Q.Y.)
| | - Josh C Denny
- Department of Medicine (J.D.M., C.M.S., J.F.F., J.C.D., T.J.W.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Biomedical Informatics (J.C.D., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Dan M Roden
- Biomedical Informatics (J.C.D., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Pharmacology (D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.D.B., M.S.H., R.E.G.)
| | - Thomas J Wang
- Department of Medicine (J.D.M., C.M.S., J.F.F., J.C.D., T.J.W.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Suzuki-Inoue K. Roles of the CLEC-2-podoplanin interaction in tumor progression. Platelets 2018; 29:1-7. [PMID: 29863945 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1478401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Podoplanin is a type-I transmembrane sialomucin-like glycoprotein expressed on the surface of several kinds of tumor cells. The podoplanin receptor is a platelet activation receptor known as C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2), which has been identified as a receptor for the platelet-activating snake venom protein rhodocytin. CLEC-2 is highly expressed in platelets and megakaryocytes and expressed at lower levels in liver Kupffer cells. Podoplanin is expressed in certain types of tumor cells, including squamous cell carcinomas, seminomas, and brain tumors. Podoplanin is also expressed in a wide range of normal cells, including fibroblastic reticular cells in lymph nodes, kidney podocytes, and lymphatic endothelial cells, but not vascular endothelial cells. Metastasis of podoplanin-positive lung tumors injected from the tail vein is greatly inhibited in CLEC-2-depleted mice or in anti-podoplanin antibody-treated mice. These findings suggest that the CLEC-2-podoplanin interaction facilitates hematogenous tumor metastasis. Platelets may increase the survival of tumor cells by covering tumor cells and physically protecting them from shear stress or immune cells in the bloodstream. Alternatively, platelets may stimulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells to facilitate their extravasation from blood vessels. Cell proliferation is stimulated in podoplanin-expressing tumor cells by the coculture with platelets, but the effects of the CLEC-2-podoplanin interaction on tumor growth in vivo are not yet resolved. It is possible that the CLEC-2-podoplanin interaction facilitates tumor-related thrombosis, subsequent inflammation, inflammation-induced cachexia, and reduced survival. Considering these findings, anti-podoplanin and anti-CLEC-2 drugs are promising therapies for the prevention of tumor metastasis, progression, and tumor-related symptoms, which may result in longer survival in cancer patients. There are advantages and disadvantages of anti-podoplanin vs. anti-CLEC-2 therapy. Side effects in podoplanin-expressing normal tissues due to treatment with anti-podoplanin and temporal thrombocytopenia due to treatment with anti-CLEC2 are potential problems, although solutions to these problems have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsue Suzuki-Inoue
- a Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Yamanashi , Yamanashi , Japan
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Suzuki-Inoue K, Osada M, Ozaki Y. Physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of interaction between C-type lectin-like receptor 2 and podoplanin: partners from in utero to adulthood. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:219-229. [PMID: 27960039 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
A platelet activation receptor, C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2), has been identified as a receptor for a platelet-activating snake venom, rhodocytin. CLEC-2 protein is highly expressed in platelets/megakaryocytes, and at lower levels in liver Kupffer cells. Recently, podoplanin has been revealed as an endogenous ligand for CLEC-2. Podoplanin is expressed in certain types of tumor cells, fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) in lymph nodes, kidney podocytes, and lymphatic endothelial cells, but not in vascular endothelial cells. CLEC-2 in platelets cannot have access to podoplanin under normal conditions, but they interact with each other under pathologic conditions or during developmental stages, and play various pathophysiologic roles. CLEC-2 facilitates hematogenous metastasis of podoplanin-expressing tumors. During development, the interaction between CLEC-2 and podoplanin in lymphatic endothelial cells or neuroepithelial cells facilitates blood-lymphatic vessel separation and cerebrovascular patterning and integrity, respectively. In adulthood, platelet CLEC-2 binding to FRCs is crucial for maintenance of the integrity of high endothelial venules in lymph nodes. Podoplanin-expressing FRC-like cells have recently been identified in the bone marrow, and facilitate megakaryocyte proliferation and proplatelet formation by binding to megakaryocyte CLEC-2. Podoplanin is inducibly expressed in liver monocytes and keratinocytes during Salmonella infection and wound healing, and regulates thrombus formation in the liver and controlled wound healing, respectively. By binding to unknown ligands, platelet CLEC-2 regulates the maintenance of vascular integrity during inflammation, thrombus stability under flow, and maintenance of quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells. Podoplanin is expressed in various cells, and additional roles of the CLEC-2-podoplanin interaction will be revealed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suzuki-Inoue
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - M Osada
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Healthcare Science, Gunma Paz College, Gunma, Japan
| | - Y Ozaki
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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Shao M, Li L, Song S, Wu W, Peng P, Yang C, Zhang M, Duan F, Jia D, Zhang J, Wu H, Zhao R, Wang L, Ruan Y, Gu J. E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP interacts with C-type lectin-like receptor CLEC-2 and promotes its ubiquitin-proteasome degradation. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1530-6. [PMID: 27443248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) was originally identified as a member of non-classical C-type lectin-like receptors in platelets and immune cells. Activation of CLEC-2 is involved in thrombus formation, lymphatic/blood vessel separation, platelet-mediated tumor metastasis and immune response. Nevertheless, the regulation of CLEC-2 expression is little understood. In this study, we identified that the C terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) interacted with CLEC-2 by mass spectrometry analysis, and CHIP decreased the protein expression of CLEC-2 through lysine-48-linked ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Deleted and point mutation also revealed that CHIP controlled CLEC-2 protein expression via both tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR) domain and Ubox domain in a HSP70/90-independent manner. Moreover, reduced CHIP expression was associated with decreased CLEC-2 polyubiquitination and increased CLEC-2 protein levels in PMA-induced differentiation of THP-1 monocytes into macrophages. These results indicate that CLEC-2 is the target substrate of E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP, and suggest that the CHIP/CLEC-2 axis may play an important role in the modulation of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Shao
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Shushu Song
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Weicheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Peike Peng
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Caiting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Fangfang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Dongwei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
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Wang L, Yin J, Wang X, Shao M, Duan F, Wu W, Peng P, Jin J, Tang Y, Ruan Y, Sun Y, Gu J. C-Type Lectin-Like Receptor 2 Suppresses AKT Signaling and Invasive Activities of Gastric Cancer Cells by Blocking Expression of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Subunits. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:1183-1195.e16. [PMID: 26855187 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC2) is a transmembrane receptor expressed on platelets and several hematopoietic cells. CLEC2 regulates platelet aggregation and the immune response. We investigated its expression and function in normal and transformed gastric epithelial cells from human tissues. METHODS We performed tissue microarray analyses of gastric carcinoma samples collected from 96 patients who underwent surgery at Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China and performed real-time polymerase chain reaction assays from an independent group of 60 patients; matched nontumor gastric mucosa tissues were used as the control. Full-length and mutant forms of CLEC2 were expressed in gastric cancer cell line (MGC80-3), or CLEC2 protein was knocked down using small-hairpin RNAs in gastric cancer cell lines (NCI-N87 and AGS). CLEC2 signaling was stimulated by incubation of cells with recombinant human podoplanin or an antibody agonist of CLEC2; cell migration and invasion were assessed by transwell and wound-healing assays. Immunoblot, immunofluorescence microscopy, and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used to measure expression of markers of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and activation of signaling pathways. Immunoprecipitation experiments were performed with an antibody against spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK). Cells were injected into lateral tail vein of BALB/C nude mice; some mice were also given injections of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. Lung and liver tissues were collected and analyzed for metastases. RESULTS Levels of CLEC2 were higher in nontumor gastric mucosa (control) than in gastric tumor samples. Levels of CLEC2 protein in gastric tumor tissues correlated with depth of tumor invasion, metastasis to lymph node, tumor TNM stage, and 5-year survival of patients. Activation of CLEC2 in gastric cancer cells reduced their invasive activities in vitro and expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers; these tumor-suppressive effects of CLEC2 required SYK. CLEC2 and SYK interacted physically, and SYK maintained the stability of CLEC2 in cells. AGS cells with CLEC2 knockdown had increased levels of phosphorylated AKT and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, increased expression of Snail, reduced levels of E-cadherin, and formed more metastases in mice than AGS cells that expressed CLEC2; these knockdown changes were prevented by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Activation of CLEC2 in AGS cells reduced protein and messenger RNA levels of PI3K subunits p85 and p110; this effect was blocked by SYK inhibitor R406. Levels of CLEC2 and SYK proteins and messenger RNAs correlated in gastric tumor samples. CONCLUSIONS CLEC2 suppresses metastasis of gastric cancer cells injected into mice, and prevents activation of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta signaling, as well as invasiveness and expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers in gastric cancer cell lines. CLEC2 prevents expression of PI3K subunits, in a SYK-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Shao
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fangfang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weicheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Peike Peng
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jing Jin
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yue Tang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yihong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
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Nakamura-Ishizu A, Takubo K, Kobayashi H, Suzuki-Inoue K, Suda T. CLEC-2 in megakaryocytes is critical for maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. J Exp Med 2015; 212:2133-46. [PMID: 26552707 PMCID: PMC4647260 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nakamura-Ishizu et al. report that megakaryocytes function as a niche to maintain HSC quiescence through CLEC-2–mediated production of Thpo and other key regulators of HSC function. These findings could enable manipulation of HSCs for clinical application. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) depend on the bone marrow (BM) niche for their maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation. The BM niche is composed of nonhematopoietic and mature hematopoietic cells, including megakaryocytes (Mks). Thrombopoietin (Thpo) is a crucial cytokine produced by BM niche cells. However, the cellular source of Thpo, upon which HSCs primarily depend, is unclear. Moreover, no specific molecular pathway for the regulation of Thpo production in the BM has been identified. Here, we demonstrate that the membrane protein C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) mediates the production of Thpo and other factors in Mks. Mice conditionally deleted for CLEC-2 in Mks (Clec2MkΔ/Δ) produced lower levels of Thpo in Mks. CLEC-2–deficient Mks showed down-regulation of CLEC-2–related signaling molecules Syk, Lcp2, and Plcg2. Knockdown of these molecules in cultured Mks decreased expression of Thpo. Clec2MkΔ/Δ mice exhibited reduced BM HSC quiescence and repopulation potential, along with extramedullary hematopoiesis. The low level of Thpo production may account for the decline in HSC potential in Clec2MkΔ/Δ mice, as administration of recombinant Thpo to Clec2MkΔ/Δ mice restored stem cell potential. Our study identifies CLEC-2 signaling as a novel molecular mechanism mediating the production of Thpo and other factors for the maintenance of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599 The Sakaguchi Laboratory, Department of Cell Differentiation, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City 860-0811, Japan
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- The Sakaguchi Laboratory, Department of Cell Differentiation, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- The Sakaguchi Laboratory, Department of Cell Differentiation, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Katsue Suzuki-Inoue
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599 The Sakaguchi Laboratory, Department of Cell Differentiation, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City 860-0811, Japan
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Bianchi R, Fischer E, Yuen D, Ernst E, Ochsenbein AM, Chen L, Otto VI, Detmar M. Mutation of threonine 34 in mouse podoplanin-Fc reduces CLEC-2 binding and toxicity in vivo while retaining antilymphangiogenic activity. J Biol Chem 2015; 289:21016-27. [PMID: 24907275 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.550525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays an important role in cancer metastasis and inhibition of lymphangiogenesis could be valuable in fighting cancer dissemination. Podoplanin (Pdpn) is a small, transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC). During mouse development, binding of Pdpn to the C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) on platelets is critical for the separation of the lymphatic and blood vascular systems. Competitive inhibition of Pdpn functions with a soluble form of the protein, Pdpn-Fc, leads to reduced lymphangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. However, the transgenic overexpression of human Pdpn-Fc in mouse skin causes disseminated intravascular coagulation due to platelet activation via CLEC-2. In the present study, we produced and characterized a mutant form of mouse Pdpn-Fc, in which threonine 34, which is considered essential for CLEC-2 binding, was mutated to alanine (PdpnT34A-Fc). Indeed, PdpnT34A-Fc displayed a 30-fold reduced binding affinity for CLEC-2 compared with Pdpn-Fc. This also translated into fewer side effects due to platelet activation in vivo. Mice showed less prolonged bleeding time and fewer embolized vessels in the liver, when PdpnT34A-Fc was injected intravenously. However, PdpnT34A-Fc was still as active as wild-type Pdpn-Fc in inhibiting lymphangiogenesis in vitro and also inhibited lymphangiogenesis in vivo. These data suggest that the function of Pdpn in lymphangiogenesis does not depend on threonine 34 in the CLEC-2 binding domain and that PdpnT34A-Fc might be an improved inhibitor of lymphangiogenesis with fewer toxic side effects.
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Manne BK, Badolia R, Dangelmaier CA, Kunapuli SP. C-type lectin like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) signals independently of lipid raft microdomains in platelets. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 93:163-70. [PMID: 25462818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
C-type lectin like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) has been reported to activate platelets through a lipid raft-dependent manner. Secreted ADP potentiates CLEC-2-mediated platelet aggregation. We have investigated whether the decrease in CLEC-2-mediated platelet aggregation, previously reported in platelets with disrupted rafts, is a result of the loss of agonist potentiation by ADP. We disrupted platelet lipid rafts with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) and measured signaling events downstream of CLEC-2 activation. Lipid raft disruption decreases platelet aggregation induced by CLEC-2 agonists. The inhibition of platelet aggregation by the disruption of lipid rafts was rescued by the exogenous addition of epinephrine but not 2-methylthioadenosine diphosphate (2MeSADP), which suggests that lipid raft disruption effects P2Y12-mediated Gi activation but not Gz. Phosphorylation of Syk (Y525/526) and PLCγ2 (Y759), were not affected by raft disruption in CLEC-2 agonist-stimulated platelets. Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of the CLEC-2 hemi-ITAM was not effected when MβCD disrupts lipid rafts. Lipid rafts do not directly contribute to CLEC-2 receptor activation in platelets. The effects of disruption of lipid rafts in in vitro assays can be attributed to inhibition of ADP feedback that potentiates CLEC-2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Kanth Manne
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachit Badolia
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carol A Dangelmaier
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Menter DG, Tucker SC, Kopetz S, Sood AK, Crissman JD, Honn KV. Platelets and cancer: a casual or causal relationship: revisited. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2014; 33:231-69. [PMID: 24696047 PMCID: PMC4186918 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-014-9498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human platelets arise as subcellular fragments of megakaryocytes in bone marrow. The physiologic demand, presence of disease such as cancer, or drug effects can regulate the production circulating platelets. Platelet biology is essential to hemostasis, vascular integrity, angiogenesis, inflammation, innate immunity, wound healing, and cancer biology. The most critical biological platelet response is serving as "First Responders" during the wounding process. The exposure of extracellular matrix proteins and intracellular components occurs after wounding. Numerous platelet receptors recognize matrix proteins that trigger platelet activation, adhesion, aggregation, and stabilization. Once activated, platelets change shape and degranulate to release growth factors and bioactive lipids into the blood stream. This cyclic process recruits and aggregates platelets along with thrombogenesis. This process facilitates wound closure or can recognize circulating pathologic bodies. Cancer cell entry into the blood stream triggers platelet-mediated recognition and is amplified by cell surface receptors, cellular products, extracellular factors, and immune cells. In some cases, these interactions suppress immune recognition and elimination of cancer cells or promote arrest at the endothelium, or entrapment in the microvasculature, and survival. This supports survival and spread of cancer cells and the establishment of secondary lesions to serve as important targets for prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
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Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol and its phosphorylated derivatives, phosphoinositides, are minor constituents of phospholipids at the cellular membrane level. Nevertheless, phosphatidylinositol and phosphoinositides represent essential components of intracellular signaling that regulate diverse cellular processes, including platelet plug formation. Accumulating evidence indicates that the metabolism of phosphoinositides is temporally and spatially modulated by the opposing effects of specific phosphoinositide-metabolizing enzymes, including lipid kinases, lipid phosphatases, and phospholipases. Each of these enzymes generates a selective phosphoinositide or second messenger within precise cellular compartments. Intriguingly, phosphoinositide-metabolizing enzymes exist in different isoforms, which all produce the same phosphoinositide products. Recent studies using isoform-specific mouse models and chemical inhibitors have elucidated that the different isoforms of phosphoinositide-metabolizing enzymes have nonredundant functions and provide an additional layer of complexity to the temporo-spatial organization of intracellular signaling events. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in our understanding of phosphoinositide organization during platelet activation.
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Nakamura-Ishizu A, Suda T. Hematopoietic stem cell niche: an interplay among a repertoire of multiple functional niches. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1830:2404-9. [PMID: 22967757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche of the BM provides a specialized microenvironment for the regulation of HSCs. The strict control of HSCs by the niche coordinates the balance between the proliferation and the differentiation of HSCs for the homeostasis of the blood system in steady states and during stress hematopoiesis. The osteoblastic and vascular niches are the classically identified constituents of the BM niche. SCOPE OF REVIEW Recent research broadens our understanding of the BM niche as an assembly of multiple niche cells within the BM. We provide an overview of the HSC niche aiming to delineate the defined and possible niche cell interactions which collectively modulate the HSC integrity. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Multiple cells in the BM, including osteoblasts, vascular endothelia, perivascular mesenchymal cells and HSC progeny cells, function conjunctively as niche cells to regulate HSCs. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The study of HSC niche cells and their functions provides insights into stem cell biology and also may be extrapolated into the study of cancer stem cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biochemistry of Stem Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu
- Department of Cell Differentiation, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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Bruserud Ø. Bidirectional crosstalk between platelets and monocytes initiated by Toll-like receptor: an important step in the early defense against fungal infections? Platelets 2012; 24:85-97. [PMID: 22646762 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2012.678426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are important in the defense against fungal infections due to their phagocytic and immunoregulatory functions. Platelets also contribute in such immune responses through their release of soluble mediators, including chemokines as well as several other soluble mediators. Both monocytes and platelets express several Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that can recognize fungal molecules and thus initiate intracellular signaling events. TLR ligation on monocytes and platelets may thereby be an early immunological event and function as an initiator of a local proinflammatory crosstalk between platelets and monocytes resulting in (i) monocyte-induced increase of platelet activation and (ii) platelet-associated enhancement of the monocyte activation/function. These effects may have clinical implications both for the efficiency of antifungal treatment and for the predisposition to fungal infections, for example, increased predisposition in patients with thrombocytopenia/monocytopenia due to chemotherapy- or disease-induced bone marrow failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øyvind Bruserud
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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Abstract
Platelets are a remarkable mammalian adaptation that are required for human survival by virtue of their ability to prevent and arrest bleeding. Ironically, however, in the past century, the platelets' hemostatic activity became maladaptive for the increasingly large percentage of individuals who develop age-dependent progressive atherosclerosis. As a result, platelets also make a major contribution to ischemic thrombotic vascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. In this brief review, I provide historical descriptions of a highly selected group of topics to provide a framework for understanding our current knowledge and the trends that are likely to continue into the future of platelet research. For convenience, I separate the eras of platelet research into the "Descriptive Period" extending from ~1880-1960 and the "Mechanistic Period" encompassing the past ~50 years since 1960. We currently are reaching yet another inflection point, as there is a major shift from a focus on traditional biochemistry and cell and molecular biology to an era of single molecule biophysics, single cell biology, single cell molecular biology, structural biology, computational simulations, and the high-throughput, data-dense techniques collectively named with the "omics postfix". Given the progress made in understanding, diagnosing, and treating many rare and common platelet disorders during the past 50 years, I think it appropriate to consider it a Golden Age of Platelet Research and to recognize all of the investigators who have made important contributions to this remarkable achievement..
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry S. Coller
- Laboratory of Blood and Vascular Biology, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, Tel: 212-327-7490, Fax: 212-327-7493
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