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Dai XP, Wu FY, Cui C, Liao XJ, Jiao YM, Zhang C, Song JW, Fan X, Zhang JY, He Q, Wang FS. Increased Platelet-CD4+ T Cell Aggregates Are Correlated With HIV-1 Permissiveness and CD4+ T Cell Loss. Front Immunol 2021; 12:799124. [PMID: 34987521 PMCID: PMC8720770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.799124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic HIV-1 infection is associated with persistent inflammation, which contributes to disease progression. Platelet-T cell aggregates play a critical role in maintaining inflammation. However, the phenotypic characteristics and clinical significance of platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates remain unclear in different HIV-infected populations. In this study, we quantified and characterized platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates in the peripheral blood of treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals (TNs), immunological responders to antiretroviral therapy (IRs), immunological non-responders to antiretroviral therapy (INRs), and healthy controls (HCs). Flow cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy showed increased platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregate formation in TNs compared to HCs during HIV-1 infection. However, the frequencies of platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates decreased in IRs compared to TNs, but not in INRs, which have shown severe immunological dysfunction. Platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregate frequencies were positively correlated with HIV-1 viral load but negatively correlated with CD4+ T cell counts and CD4/CD8 ratios. Furthermore, we observed a higher expression of CD45RO, HIV co-receptors, HIV activation/exhaustion markers in platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates, which was associated with HIV-1 permissiveness. High levels of caspase-1 and caspase-3, and low levels of Bcl-2 in platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates imply the potential role in CD4+ T cell loss during HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates contained more HIV-1 gag viral protein and HIV-1 DNA than their platelet-free CD4+ T cell counterparts. The platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregate levels were positively correlated with plasma sCD163 and sCD14 levels. Our findings demonstrate that platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregate formation has typical characteristics of HIV-1 permissiveness and is related to immune activation during HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Dai
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA), Beijing, China
- Noncommissioned Officer School, Army Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Feng-Ying Wu
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA), Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Cui
- Noncommissioned Officer School, Army Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Liao
- The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan-Mei Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fu-Sheng Wang, ; Ji-Yuan Zhang, ; Qing He,
| | - Qing He
- The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Fu-Sheng Wang, ; Ji-Yuan Zhang, ; Qing He,
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA), Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fu-Sheng Wang, ; Ji-Yuan Zhang, ; Qing He,
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2
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Falasca K, Reale M, Di Nicola M, Ucciferri C, Zecca IA, Santilli F, Pontolillo M, Liani R, D'Angelo C, Costantini E, Vecchiet J. Circulating CD40 ligand, Dickkopf-1 and P-selectin in HIV-infected patients. HIV Med 2019; 20:681-690. [PMID: 31424619 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the circulating levels of CD40 ligand (CD40 L), Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and P-selectin, their relationships and their contributions to cardiovascular risk in subjects with HIV infection. METHODS The study population included 80 HIV-infected patients, 14 (17.5%) of whom had diabetes mellitus (DM) and 32 (40.0%) of whom had arterial hypertension (AH). The HIV-infected patients were compared with a control group with similar demographic and clinical features. CD40L, DKK-1 and P-selectin levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The HIV-infected patients showed higher levels of all the cardiovascular disease (CVD) markers. Both serum CD40L and DKK-1 were significantly higher in HIV-infected patients than in the HIV-negative controls (P < 0.001), while soluble P-selectin showed no significant between-group difference (P = 0.133), reflecting the role of HIV infection in CVD. In the HIV-infected group, patients with DM showed lower levels of CD40L and DKK-1 in comparison with the nondiabetic patients and patients with AH (P < 0.05, with Bonferroni correction). In contrast, patients with AH showed higher levels of CD40L and DKK-1 in comparison to patients without DM or AH (P < 0.05, with Bonferroni correction). Patients with AH showed higher levels of CD40L and DKK-1 than patients with DM (P < 0.05, with Bonferroni correction). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that HIV-infected patients displayed significantly higher circulating levels of both CD40L and DKK-1, which were linearly and directly correlated, when compared to HIV-negative patients. The presence of diabetes was associated with lower levels of both CD40L and DKK-1, whereas the presence of hypertension was associated with higher levels of CD40L.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Falasca
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Reale
- Unit of Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Di Nicola
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - C Ucciferri
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - I A Zecca
- Division of Hygene, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - F Santilli
- Department of Medicine and Aging, Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Pontolillo
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - R Liani
- Department of Medicine and Aging, Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - C D'Angelo
- Unit of Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - E Costantini
- Unit of Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - J Vecchiet
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Hottz ED, Quirino-Teixeira AC, Valls-de-Souza R, Zimmerman GA, Bozza FA, Bozza PT. Platelet function in HIV plus dengue coinfection associates with reduced inflammation and milder dengue illness. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7096. [PMID: 31068600 PMCID: PMC6506591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-infected subjects under virological control still exhibit a persistent proinflammatory state. Thus, chronic HIV infection changes the host homeostasis towards an adapted immune response that may affect the outcome of coinfections. However, little is known about the impact of HIV infection on inflammatory amplification and clinical presentation in dengue. Platelets have been shown to participate in immune response in dengue and HIV. We hypothesized that altered platelet responses in HIV-infected subjects may contribute to altered inflammatory milieu and disease progression in dengue. We prospectively followed a cohort of 84 DENV-infected patients of whom 29 were coinfected with HIV under virological control. We report that dengue and HIV coinfection progress with reduced inflammation and milder disease progression with lower risk of vascular instability. Even though the degree of thrombocytopenia and platelet activation were similar between dengue-infected and HIV plus dengue-coinfected patients, plasma levels of the platelet-derived chemokines RANTES/CCL5 and PF4/CXCL4 were lower in coinfection. Consistently, platelets from coinfected patients presented defective secretion of the stored-chemokines PF4 and RANTES, but not newly synthesized IL-1β, when cultured ex vivo. These data indicate that platelets from HIV-infected subjects release lower levels of chemokines during dengue illness, which may contribute to milder clinical presentation during coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio D Hottz
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de análise de glicoconjugados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) - Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Minas, Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anna Cecíllia Quirino-Teixeira
- Laboratório de análise de glicoconjugados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) - Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Minas, Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rogério Valls-de-Souza
- Laboratório de doenças febrís agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guy A Zimmerman
- Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- Laboratório de Medicina Intensiva, INI, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOr), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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4
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Mesquita EC, Hottz ED, Amancio RT, Carneiro AB, Palhinha L, Coelho LE, Grinsztejn B, Zimmerman GA, Rondina MT, Weyrich AS, Bozza PT, Bozza FA. Persistent platelet activation and apoptosis in virologically suppressed HIV-infected individuals. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14999. [PMID: 30301959 PMCID: PMC6178345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and thrombotic events became major clinical problems in the combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) era. Although the precise mechanisms behind these clinical problems have not been fully elucidated, a persistent pro-inflammatory state plays a central role. As platelets play important roles on both, thrombus formation and inflammatory/immune response, we aimed at investigating platelet function in HIV-infected subjects virologically controlled through cART. We evaluate parameters of activation, mitochondrial function and activation of apoptosis pathways in platelets from 30 HIV-infected individuals under stable cART and 36 healthy volunteers. Despite viral control achieved through cART, HIV-infected individuals exhibited increased platelet activation as indicated by P-selectin expression and platelet spreading when adhered on fibrinogen-coated surfaces. Platelets from HIV-infected subjects also exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of apoptosis pathways. Finally, thrombin stimuli induced lower levels of P-selectin translocation and RANTES secretion, but not TXA2 synthesis, in platelets from HIV-infected individuals compared to control; and labeling of platelet alpha granules showed reduced granule content in platelets from HIV-infected individuals when compared to healthy subjects. In summary, platelets derived from HIV-infected individuals under stable cART exhibit a phenotype of increased activation, activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and undermined granule secretion in response to thrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emersom C Mesquita
- Laboratório de Medicina Intensiva, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eugenio D Hottz
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T Amancio
- Laboratório de Medicina Intensiva, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alan B Carneiro
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lohanna Palhinha
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lara E Coelho
- Laboratório de HIV, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Laboratório de HIV, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guy A Zimmerman
- Molecular Medicine Program and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Molecular Medicine Program and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Andrew S Weyrich
- Molecular Medicine Program and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- Laboratório de Medicina Intensiva, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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5
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Hottz ED, Bozza FA, Bozza PT. Platelets in Immune Response to Virus and Immunopathology of Viral Infections. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:121. [PMID: 29761104 PMCID: PMC5936789 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are essential effector cells in hemostasis. Aside from their role in coagulation, platelets are now recognized as major inflammatory cells with key roles in the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Activated platelets have key thromboinflammatory functions linking coagulation to immune responses in various infections, including in response to virus. Recent studies have revealed that platelets exhibit several pattern recognition receptors (PRR) including those from the toll-like receptor, NOD-like receptor, and C-type lectin receptor family and are first-line sentinels in detecting and responding to pathogens in the vasculature. Here, we review the main mechanisms of platelets interaction with viruses, including their ability to sustain viral infection and replication, their expression of specialized PRR, and activation of thromboinflammatory responses against viruses. Finally, we discuss the role of platelet-derived mediators and platelet interaction with vascular and immune cells in protective and pathophysiologic responses to dengue, influenza, and human immunodeficiency virus 1 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio D Hottz
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- Laboratório de Medicina Intensiva, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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6
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Camon S, Quiros C, Saubi N, Moreno A, Marcos MA, Eto Y, Rofael S, Monclus E, Brown J, McHugh TD, Mallolas J, Perello R. Full blood count values as a predictor of poor outcome of pneumonia among HIV-infected patients. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:189. [PMID: 29673334 PMCID: PMC5909258 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the predictive value of analytical markers of full blood count that can be assessed in the emergency department for HIV infected patients, with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHODS Prospective 3-year study including all HIV-infected patients that went to our emergency department with respiratory clinical infection, more than 24-h earlier they were diagnosed with CAP and required admission. We assessed the different values of the first blood count performed on the patient as follows; total white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes (LYM), basophils, eosinophils (EOS), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, red blood cell distribution width (RDW), platelets (PLT), mean platelet volume, and platelet distribution width (PDW). The primary outcome measure was 30-day mortality and the secondary, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). The predictive power of the variables was determined by statistical calculation. RESULTS One hundred sixty HIV-infected patients with pneumonia were identified. The mean age was 42 (11) years, 99 (62%) were male, 79 (49%) had ART. The main route of HIV transmission was through parenteral administration of drugs. Streptococcus pneumonia was the most frequently identified etiologic agent of CAP The univariate analysis showed that the values of PLT (p < 0.009), EOS (p < 0.033), RDW (p < 0.033) and PDW (p < 0.09) were predictor of mortality, but after the logistic regression analysis, no variable was shown as an independent predictor of mortality. On the other hand, higher RDW (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.4, p = 0.013) and a lower number of LYM (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1-2.2; p = 0.035) were revealed as independent predictors of admission to ICU. CONCLUSION Red blood cell distribution and lymphocytes were the most useful predictors of disease severity identifying HIV infected patients with CAP who required ICU admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Camon
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Quiros
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N. Saubi
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Moreno
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. A. Marcos
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y. Eto
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. Rofael
- Microbiology department, UCL, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - E. Monclus
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Brown
- Pneumology department, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - T. D. McHugh
- Pneumology department, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - J. Mallolas
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R. Perello
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Nkambule BB, Davison G, Ipp H. Platelet leukocyte aggregates and markers of platelet aggregation, immune activation and disease progression in HIV infected treatment naive asymptomatic individuals. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2016; 40:458-67. [PMID: 25899563 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-015-1212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Platelet aggregates play a crucial role in the immune defence mechanism against viruses. Increased levels of lipopolysaccharide have been reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals. Platelets are capable of interacting with bacterial LPS and subsequently forming platelet leukocyte aggregates (PLAs). This study aimed at determining the levels of circulating PLAs in treatment naïve HIV infected individuals and correlating them, with markers of immune activation, disease progression and platelet aggregation. Thirty-two HIV negative and 35 HIV positive individuals were recruited from a clinic in the Western Cape. Platelet monocyte and platelet neutrophil aggregates were measured using flow cytometry at baseline and were correlated with markers of platelet activation (CD62P); aggregation (CD36); monocyte and neutrophil activation (CD69); monocyte tissue factor expression (CD142); immune activation (CD38 on T+ cells); D-dimers (a marker of active coagulation); CD4 count and viral load. Platelet monocyte aggregates were also measured post stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. PMA levels were higher in HIV 25.26 (16.16-32.28) versus control 14.12 (8.36-18.83), p = 0.0001. PMAs correlated with %CD38/8 expression (r = 0.54624, p = 0.0155); CD4 count (r = -0.6964, p = 0.0039) viral load (r = 0.633, p < 0.009) and monocyte %CD69 expression (r = 0.757, p = 0.030). In addition the %PMAs correlated with platelet %CD36 (r = 0.606, p = 0.017). The HIV group showed increased levels of %CD62P 5.44 (2.72-11.87) versus control 1.15 (0.19-3.59), p < 0.0001; %CD36 22.53 (10.59-55.15) versus 11.01 (3.69-26.98), p = 0.0312 and tissue factor (CD142) MFI 4.84 (4.01-8.17) versus 1.74 (1.07-9.3), p = 0.0240. We describe increased levels of circulating PMAs which directly correlates with markers of immune activation, disease progression and platelet aggregation in HIV treatment naïve individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongani B Nkambule
- Divisions of Haematology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University and NHLS, Tygerberg, South Africa.
| | - Glenda Davison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Hayley Ipp
- Divisions of Haematology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University and NHLS, Tygerberg, South Africa.
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Tiedemann Skipper M, Rubak P, Halfdan Larsen O, Hvas AM. Thrombocytopenia model with minimal manipulation of blood cells allowing whole blood assessment of platelet function. Platelets 2015; 27:295-300. [PMID: 26555800 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2015.1095873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In vitro models of thrombocytopenia are useful research tools. Previously published models have shortcomings altering properties of platelets and other blood components. The aim of the present study was to develop a whole blood method to induce thrombocytopenia with minimal manipulation, and to describe platelet function in induced thrombocytopenia in individuals with healthy platelets. Hirudin anticoagulated blood was obtained from 20 healthy volunteers. One part of the blood was gently centrifuged at 130g for 15 minutes. The platelet-rich plasma was replaced with phosphate-buffered saline to establish thrombocytopenia. Various levels of thrombocytopenia were achieved by combining different volumes of baseline whole blood and thrombocytopenic blood. Platelet counts were measured by flow cytometry (Navios, Beckman Coulter) and routine haematological analyser (Sysmex XE-5000). Platelet function was analysed by impedance aggregometry (Multiplate® Analyzer, Roche) and by flow cytometry (Navios, Beckman Coulter) using collagen, adenosine diphosphate, thrombin receptor activating peptide-6 and ristocetin as agonists. Median baseline platelet count was 227×10(9)/l. The in vitro model yielded median platelet counts at 51×10(9)/l (range 26-93×10(9)/l). We observed minor, yet significant, changes in platelet size and maturity from baseline to modelled thrombocytopenia. In the thrombocytopenic samples, significant and positive linear associations were found between platelet count and platelet aggregation across all agonists (all p-values<0.001). Platelet function assessed by flow cytometry showed minimal alterations in the thrombocytopenic samples. A new whole blood-based model of thrombocytopenia was established and validated. This new model serves as a useful future tool, particularly to explore platelet function in patients with thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Tiedemann Skipper
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Centre for Haemophilia and Thrombosis, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Peter Rubak
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Centre for Haemophilia and Thrombosis, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Ole Halfdan Larsen
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Centre for Haemophilia and Thrombosis, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Hvas
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Centre for Haemophilia and Thrombosis, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
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