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Soleymani S, Zargaran A, Farzaei MH, Iranpanah A, Heydarpour F, Najafi F, Rahimi R. The effect of a hydrogel made by Nigella sativa L. on acne vulgaris: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3052-3062. [PMID: 32548864 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nigella sativa L. (black seed) is one of the main medicinal plants frequently cited in traditional Persian medicine manuscripts for management of acne vulgaris. The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of a topical preparation from N. sativa in acne vulgaris. In a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial, 60 patients (30 patients in treatment and 30 in placebo group) were randomly received N. sativa hydrogel (standardized based on thymoquinone) or placebo hydrogel, twice daily for 60 days. The Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) grading score was recorded for each patient. Moreover, acne disability index (ADI) was evaluated using a standard questionnaire filled out by the patients at the beginning and end of the study. A 78% mean reduction in the IGA score on the N. sativa-treated group was recorded compared with 3.3% on the vehicle-treated one. Significant reductions in the number of comedones, papules, and pustules were observed in the treatment group compared with placebo after 2 months. Also, ADI was decreased 63.49% in the treatment versus 4.5% in the placebo groups. No adverse event was recorded. N. sativa hydrogel had significant effects on improving the symptoms of acne vulgaris with acceptable tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Soleymani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Zargaran
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amin Iranpanah
- Student's Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heydarpour
- Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fariba Najafi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Miah AG, Bathgate R, Hamano KI, Salma U. Effects of pre-freeze Nigella sativa oil supplementation on cryosurvival of ovine spermatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:1424-1433. [PMID: 30242923 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed with three experiments to evaluate the effects of pre-freeze supplementation of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) and thymoquinone (TQ) on total motility, progressive motility, biokinetic characteristics, acrosomal integrity and DNA integrity of cryopreserved ovine spermatozoa. Semen samples collected from three proven fertile Merino rams were diluted with a Tris-based cryomedia containing different levels of NSO (Experiment I: 0, 10, 100 and 1,000 g/ml), TQ (Experiment II: 0, 1, 10 and 20 g/ml) and their optimum levels (Experiment III: 100 g/ml of NSO, 10 g/ml of TQ and 1 mM of α-tocopherol and cryopreserved as pellet (200µL) and subsequently evaluated at different post-thaw incubation periods (0, 2 and 4 hr). The results revealed that the percentage of total motility, progressive motility and biokinetic characteristics such as average path velocity, curvilinear velocity and straight-line velocity were higher (p < 0.05) in the sperm aliquots cryopreserved with 100 g/ml NSO or 10 g/ml TQ than in the sperm aliquots cryopreserved without supplementation just after thawing and 2 hr of post-thaw incubation. Among the supplements, NSO (100 g/ml) showed higher values of the total motility, progressive motility, biokinetic characteristics specially, average path velocity, curvilinear velocity and straight-line velocity, acrosome integrity and DNA integrity compared with the spermatozoa frozen without supplementation. Therefore, the results suggest that NSO may be added to the cryomedium to improve the cryosurvival of ovine spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul G Miah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Roslyn Bathgate
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Koh-Ichi Hamano
- Laboratory of Reproductive Functions in Mammals, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ummay Salma
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
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3
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Majdalawieh AF, Fayyad MW, Nasrallah GK. Anti-cancer properties and mechanisms of action of thymoquinone, the major active ingredient of Nigella sativa. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3911-3928. [PMID: 28140613 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1277971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, studies have documented the wide-range anti-cancer effects of Nigella sativa, known as black seed or black cumin. Thymoquinone (TQ), its major active ingredient, has also been extensively studied and reported to possess potent anti-cancer properties. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the findings related to the anti-cancer activity of TQ. The review focuses on analyzing experimental studies performed using different in vitro and in vivo models to identify the anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, cytotoxic, anti-metastatic, and NK-dependent cytotoxic effects exerted by TQ. In addition, we pinpoint the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects and the signal transduction pathways implicated by TQ. Our analysis show that p53, NF-κB, PPARγ, STAT3, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways are among the most significant pathways through which TQ mediates its anti-cancer activity. Experimental findings and recent advances in the field highlight TQ as an effective therapeutic agent for the suppression of tumor development, growth and metastasis for a wide range of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin F Majdalawieh
- a Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences , American University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates
| | - Muneera W Fayyad
- a Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences , American University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- b Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences , Qatar University , Doha , Qatar.,c Biomedical Research Center , Qatar University , Doha , Qatar
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4
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Kumar A, Choudhary S, Adhikari JS, Chaudhury NK. Sesamol ameliorates radiation induced DNA damage in hematopoietic system of whole body γ-irradiated mice. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:79-90. [PMID: 28766757 DOI: 10.1002/em.22118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation exposure is harmful and at high doses can lead to acute hematopoietic radiation syndrome. Therefore, agents that can protect hematopoietic system are important for development of radioprotector. Sesamol is a potential molecule for development of radioprotector due to its strong free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. In the present study, sesamol was evaluated for its role in DNA damage and repair in hematopoietic system of γ-irradiated CB57BL/6 mice and compared with amifostine. C57BL/6 male mice were administered with sesamol 20 mg/kg (i.p.) followed by 2 Gy whole body irradiation (WBI) at 30 min. Mice were sacrificed at 0.5, 3, 24 h postirradiation; bone marrow, splenocytes, and peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated to measure DNA damages and repair using alkaline comet,γ-H2AXand micronucleus assays. An increase in % of tail DNA was observed in all organs of WBI mice. Whereas in pre-administered sesamol reduced %DNA in tail (P ≤ 0.05). Sesamol has also reduced formation of radiation induced γ-H2AX foci after 0.5 h in these organs and further lowered to respective control values at 24 h of WBI. Similar reduction of % DNA in tail and γ-H2AX foci were observed with amifostine (P ≤ 0.05). Analysis of mnPCE frequency at 24 h has revealed similar extent of protection by sesamol and amifostine. Interestingly, both sesamol and amifostine, alone and with radiation, also increased the granulocytes count significantly compared to the control (P ≤ 0.05). These findings suggest that sesamol has strong potential to protect hematopoietic system by lowering radiation induced DNA damages and can prevent acute hematopoietic syndrome in mice. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:79-90, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Sandeep Choudhary
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Jawahar S Adhikari
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Nabo K Chaudhury
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
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5
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Samarth RM, Samarth M, Matsumoto Y. Medicinally important aromatic plants with radioprotective activity. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO247. [PMID: 29134131 PMCID: PMC5674267 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatic plants are often used as natural medicines because of their remedial and inherent pharmacological properties. Looking into natural resources, particularly products of plant origin, has become an exciting area of research in drug discovery and development. Aromatic plants are mainly exploited for essential oil extraction for applications in industries, for example, in cosmetics, flavoring and fragrance, spices, pesticides, repellents and herbal beverages. Although several medicinal plants have been studied to treat various conventional ailments only a handful studies are available on aromatic plants, especially for radioprotection. Many plant extracts have been reported to contain antioxidants that scavenge free radicals produced due to radiation exposure, thus imparting radioprotective efficacy. The present review focuses on a subset of medicinally important aromatic plants with radioprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra M Samarth
- Department of Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Government of India, Raisen Bypass Road, Bhopal 462038, India
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Kamla Nehru Hospital Building, GMC Campus, Bhopal 462001, India
| | - Meenakshi Samarth
- Faculty of Science, RKDF University, Airport Bypass Road, Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal 462033, India
| | - Yoshihisa Matsumoto
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Institute of Innovative Research, Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, N1–30 2–12–1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152–8550, Japan
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6
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Plant flavonoids in cancer chemoprevention: role in genome stability. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 45:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Gaharwar US, Meena R, Rajamani P. Iron oxide nanoparticles induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and DNA damage in lymphocytes. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:1232-1244. [PMID: 28585739 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades nanotechnology and material science has progressed extremely rapidly. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) owing to their unique magnetic properties have a great potential for their biomedical and bioengineering applications. However, there is an inevitable need to address the issue of safety and health effects of these nanoparticles. Hence, the present study was aimed to assess the cytotoxic effects of IONPs on rats' lymphocytes. Using different assays, we studied diverse parameters including mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase activity, antioxidant enzymes activity and DNA damage measurements. Intracellular metal uptake and ultrastructure analysis were also carried out through inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy respectively. The results show that the IONP-induced oxidative stress was concentration-dependent in nature, with significant (P < 0.05) increase in ROS levels, lipid peroxidation level as well as depletion of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione. Moreover, we observed morphological changes in the cell after intracellular uptake and localization of nanoparticles in cells. From the findings of the study, it may be concluded that IONPs induce ROS-mediated cytotoxicity in lymphocytes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Singh Gaharwar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramovatar Meena
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Paulraj Rajamani
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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8
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Abou Khalil N, Abd-Elkareem M, Sayed A. Nigella sativa
seed protects against 4-nonylphenol-induced haematotoxicity in Clarias gariepinus
(Burchell, 1822): Oxidant/antioxidant rebalance. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/anu.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N.S. Abou Khalil
- Faculty of Medicine; Medical Physiology Department; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - M. Abd-Elkareem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Department; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - A.H. Sayed
- Faculty of Science; Zoology Department; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
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9
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El-Ebiary AA, El-Ghaiesh S, Hantash E, Alomar S. Mitigation of cadmium-induced lung injury by Nigella sativa oil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:25356-25363. [PMID: 27696167 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Induction of oxidative stress and inflammation are considered the primary mechanism of cadmium (Cd) toxicity. Nigella sativa (NS) seeds and their oil (NSO) have been reported to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. This study was conducted to assess the protective effect of NSO on Cd-induced lung damage in rat. Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided equally into 4 groups. Animals in groups I, II, and III received 1 ml of isotonic saline intraperitoneally (IP), 2 mg/kg of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) dissolved in isotonic saline IP, and 1 ml/kg of NSO by gastric gavage, respectively. Group IV rats received NSO an hour prior to CdCl2 administration via the same routes and doses as previously described. All animals were treated for 28 days. At the end of the study, animals were sacrificed; lungs were harvested for histopathological studies using light and electron microscopy. Saline-treated and NSO-treated rats showed normal lung parenchyma. However, CdCl2-treated rats showed massive degenerative changes in alveolar epithelial lining, disrupted interalveolar septa, and hemolytic debris in alveoli. Rats treated with both NSO and CdCl2 (group IV) showed amelioration of most Cd-induced lung damage with minimal histopathological changes in lung architecture. This study elucidates the protective effects of NSO on Cd-induced lung injury in rats and highlights the possibility of using NSO as a protective agent in individuals at high risk of Cd-induced lung toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A El-Ebiary
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Sabah El-Ghaiesh
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ehab Hantash
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Suliman Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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10
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Majdalawieh AF, Fayyad MW. Recent advances on the anti-cancer properties of Nigella sativa, a widely used food additive. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2016; 7:173-180. [PMID: 27649635 PMCID: PMC5052360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of naturally-occurring agents to regulate tumorigenesis is on the rise. Several herbal extracts, pure plant-derived active constituents, and food additives have been reported to possess potent anti-cancer properties and cancer-ameliorating effects. The wide-range anti-cancer effects of Nigella sativa, also known as black seed or black cumin, have been extensively studied using different in vitro and in vivo models. Here, we provide a comprehensive, analytical review of the reported anti-cancer properties of N. sativa seed extracts. This review focuses on analyzing experimental findings related to the ability of N. sativa to exert anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, cytotoxic, anti-mutagenic, anti-metastatic, and NK cytotoxic activity enhancing effects against various primary cancer cells and cancer cell lines. Moreover, we underline the molecular mechanisms of action and the signal transduction pathways implicated in the suppression of tumorigenesis by N. sativa. The major signaling pathway utilized by N. sativa to manifest its anti-cancer activity is the iNOS signaling pathway. This review underscores the recent developments that highlight an effective therapeutic potential of N. sativa to suppress tumor development, reduce tumor incidence, and ameliorate carcinogenesis. In sum, experimental findings reported in the last two decades strongly suggest that N. sativa fractions could serve, alone or in combination with known chemotherapeutic drugs, as effective agents to control tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis, and hence, treatment of a wide range of cancers. N. sativa exerts cytotoxic, pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, and anti-metastatic effects. Augmentation of NK cytotoxic activity is a one molecular mechanism by which N. sativa manifests its anti-cancer activity. The anti-cancer effects of N. sativa are primarily mediated via iNOS, p53, and caspase signaling pathways. N. sativa extracts can potentially be employed in the development of effective anti-cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin F Majdalawieh
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Muneera W Fayyad
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Akram Khan M, Afzal M. Chemical composition of Nigella sativa Linn: Part 2 Recent advances. Inflammopharmacology 2016; 24:67-79. [PMID: 27068721 PMCID: PMC4883276 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-016-0262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The black cumin or Nigella sativa L. seeds have many acclaimed medicinal properties such as bronchodilatory, hypotensive, antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and immunopotentiating. This review article is an update on the previous article published on Nigella sativa L. in this journal in 1999. It covers the medicinal properties and chemical syntheses of the alkaloids isolated from the seeds of the herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akram Khan
- Biomolecular Science Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.
| | - M Afzal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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12
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Imaoka T, Ishii N, Kawaguchi I, Homma-Takeda S, Doi K, Daino K, Nakanishi I, Tagami K, Kokubo T, Morioka T, Hosoki A, Takabatake M, Yoshinaga S. Biological measures to minimize the risk of radiotherapy-associated second cancer: A research perspective. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:289-301. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1152413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
- Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Ishii
- Waste Management Research Team, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
| | - Isao Kawaguchi
- Regulatory Sciences Research Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shino Homma-Takeda
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
- Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Doi
- Regulatory Sciences Research Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
- Project for Human Health, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Daino
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
- Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Advanced Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiko Tagami
- Waste Management Research Team, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kokubo
- Department of Technical Support and Development, Research Development and Support Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Morioka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
- Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hosoki
- Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Takabatake
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinji Yoshinaga
- Regulatory Sciences Research Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
- Project for Human Health, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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13
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Samarth RM, Samarth M, Matsumoto Y. Utilization of cytogenetic biomarkers as a tool for assessment of radiation injury and evaluation of radiomodulatory effects of various medicinal plants - a review. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:5355-72. [PMID: 26451089 PMCID: PMC4590411 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s91299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic biological measurement of “cytogenetic endpoints” has helped phenomenally in assessment of risks associated with radiation exposure. There has been a surge in recent times for the usage of radioactive materials in health care, agriculture, industrial, and nuclear power sectors. The likelihood of radiation exposure from accidental or occupational means is always higher in an overburdened ecosystem that is continuously challenged to meet the population demands. Risks associated with radiation exposure in this era of modern industrial growth are minimal as international regulations for maintaining the safety standards are stringent and strictly adhered to, however, a recent disaster like “Fukushima” impels us to think beyond. The major objective of radiobiology is the development of an orally effective radio-modifier that provides protection from radiation exposure. Once available for mass usage, these compounds will not only be useful for providing selective protection against accidental and occupational radiation exposure but also help to permit use of higher doses of radiation during treatment of various malignancies curtailing unwarranted adverse effects imposed on normal tissues. Bio-active compounds isolated from natural sources enriched with antioxidants possess unique immune-modulating properties, thus providing a double edged benefit over synthetic radioprotectors. We aim to provide here a comprehensive overview of the various agents originating from plant sources that portrayed promising radioprotection in various experimental models with special emphasis on studies that used cytogenetic biomarkers. The agents will include crude extracts of various medicinal plants, purified fractions, and herbal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra M Samarth
- Department of Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre (ICMR), Bhopal, India ; National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Meenakshi Samarth
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Yoshihisa Matsumoto
- Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Gholamnezhad Z, Keyhanmanesh R, Boskabady MH. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory aspects of Nigella sativa for its preventive and bronchodilatory effects on obstructive respiratory diseases: A review of basic and clinical evidence. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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15
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Pecaut MJ, Mehrotra S, Luo-Owen X, Bayeta EJM, Bellinger DL, Gridley DS. Chlorisondamine, a sympathetic ganglionic blocker, moderates the effects of whole-body irradiation (WBI) on early host defense to a live bacterial challenge. Immunol Lett 2015; 167:103-15. [PMID: 26235133 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing consensus that long-term deficits in the brain are due to dynamic interactions between multiple neural and immune cell types. Specifically, radiation induces an inflammatory response, including changes in neuromodulatory pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion. The purpose of this study was to establish that there is sympathetic involvement in radiation-induced decrements early in in vivo immune function host defense. Female, 8-9 week-old C57BL/6J mice were exposed to whole-body irradiation (WBI). There were 8 groups with radiation (0 vs. 3 Gy protons), immune challenge (Escherichia coli) and exposure to the sympathetic ganglionic blocker, chlorisondamine (1 mg/kg weight, i.p.), as independent variables. Ten days post-irradiation, mice were inoculated with E. coli intraperitoneally and sacrificed 90-120 min later. The data suggest that radiation-induced changes in immune function may in part be mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. Briefly, we found that radiation augments the bacteria-induced inflammatory cytokine response, particularly those cytokines involved in innate immunity. However, this augmentation can be reduced by the ganglionic blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Pecaut
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, 92354 CA, United States; Division of Radiation Research, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, 92354 CA, United States; Division of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, 92354 CA, United States.
| | - Shalini Mehrotra
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, 92354 CA, United States
| | - Xian Luo-Owen
- Division of Trauma Services, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, 92354 CA, United States
| | - Erben J M Bayeta
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, 92354 CA, United States
| | - Denise L Bellinger
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, 92354 CA, United States
| | - Daila S Gridley
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, 92354 CA, United States; Division of Radiation Research, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, 92354 CA, United States; Division of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, 92354 CA, United States
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16
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Majdalawieh AF, Fayyad MW. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory action of Nigella sativa and thymoquinone: A comprehensive review. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:295-304. [PMID: 26117430 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Many herbal products are now used as remedies to treat various infectious and non-infectious conditions. Even though the use of herbs and natural products is much more evident in the Eastern world, their use in Western cultures is continuously increasing. Although the immunomodulatory effects of some herbs have been extensively studied, research related to possible immunomodulatory effects of many herbs and various spices is relatively scarce. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of Nigella sativa, also known as black seed or black cumin, and its major active ingredient, thymoquinone (TQ). This review article focuses on analyzing in vitro and in vivo experimental findings that were reported with regard to the ability of N. sativa and TQ to modulate inflammation, cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses, and Th1/Th2 paradigm. The reported capability of N. sativa to augment the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells against cancer cells is also emphasized. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying such immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of N. sativa and TQ are highlighted. Moreover, the signal transduction pathways implicated in the immunoregulatory functions of N. sativa and TQ are underscored. Experimental evidence suggests that N. sativa extracts and TQ can potentially be employed in the development of effective therapeutic agents towards the regulation of immune reactions implicated in various infectious and non-infectious conditions including different types of allergy, autoimmunity, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin F Majdalawieh
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Muneera W Fayyad
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
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Kumar A, Selvan TG, Tripathi AM, Choudhary S, Khan S, Adhikari JS, Chaudhury NK. Sesamol attenuates genotoxicity in bone marrow cells of whole-body γ-irradiated mice. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:651-61. [PMID: 25863274 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Ahlatci A, Kuzhan A, Taysi S, Demirtas OC, Alkis HE, Tarakcioglu M, Demirci A, Caglayan D, Saricicek E, Cinar K. Radiation-modifying abilities of Nigella sativa and thymoquinone on radiation-induced nitrosative stress in the brain tissue. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:740-744. [PMID: 24268807 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To investigate Nigella sativa oil (NSO) and Thymoquinone (TQ) for their antioxidant effects on the brain tissue of rats exposed to ionizing radiation. Fifty-four male albino Wistar rats, divided into six groups, were designed as group I (normal control group) did not receive NSO, TQ or irradiation; group II (control group of TQ) received dimethyl sulfoxide and sham irradiation; group III (control group of NSO) received saline and sham irradiation; group IV (irradiation plus NSO group) received both 5 Gray of gamma irradiation to total cranium and NSO; group V (irradiation plus TQ group) received both irradiation and TQ; group VI (irradiation alone group) received irradiation plus saline. Alterations in nitric oxide (NO·) and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) levels, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme activity were measured by biochemical methods in homogenized brain tissue of rats. Levels of NO· and ONOO(-), and enzyme activity of NOS in brain tissue of the rats treated with NSO or TQ were found to be lower than in received IR alone (p<0.002) Nigella sativa oil (NSO) and its active component, TQ, clearly protect brain tissue from radiation-induced nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Ahlatci
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gaziantep University, Medical School, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Abdurahman Kuzhan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gaziantep University, Medical School, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Seyithan Taysi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Gaziantep University, Medical School, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Omer Can Demirtas
- Department of Biophysics, Gaziantep University, Medical School, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hilal Eryigit Alkis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gaziantep University, Medical School, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tarakcioglu
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Gaziantep University, Medical School, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ali Demirci
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gaziantep University, Medical School, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Derya Caglayan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gaziantep University, Medical School, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Edibe Saricicek
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ersin Arslan State Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Kadir Cinar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sehitkamil State Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Shin HA, Shin YS, Kang SU, Kim JH, Oh YT, Park KH, Lee BH, Kim CH. Radioprotective effect of epicatechin in cultured human fibroblasts and zebrafish. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2014; 55:32-40. [PMID: 23955052 PMCID: PMC3885118 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrt085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced normal cell damage limits the delivery of high-dose radiation to targeted cancer. This study investigated the effect of epicatechin (EC), a minor component of green tea extracts, on radiation-induced cellular damage in vitro in primary cultured human fibroblasts and in vivo in a zebrafish model. Cell viability, proliferation and wound-healing efficacy, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as well as changes in the signaling pathway related to apoptosis were investigated in fibroblasts. The therapeutic effects of EC were explored in a zebrafish model. EC increased clonogenic survival and restored the migration ability of the fibroblasts after irradiation. EC inhibited radiation-induced ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. EC significantly reduced the expression of p-JNK, p-38, and cleaved caspase-3 compared with their significant increase after radiation treatment. EC attenuated the radiation-induced embryotoxicity in a zebrafish model. These results suggest that EC represents an effective means of reducing cellular damage and facilitating wound healing after radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang Ae Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, 100 Ilsan Street, Ilsandong-Gu, Goyang, 410-719, Korea
| | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 164 Worldcup Street, Wonchon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 442–749, Korea
| | - Sung Un Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 164 Worldcup Street, Wonchon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 442–749, Korea
| | - Jang Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 164 Worldcup Street, Wonchon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 442–749, Korea
| | - Young-Taek Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 164 Worldcup Street, Wonchon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 442–749, Korea
| | - Keun Hyung Park
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 164 Worldcup Street, Wonchon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 442–749, Korea
| | - Bum Hei Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 164 Worldcup Street, Wonchon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 442–749, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 164 Worldcup Street, Wonchon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 442–749, Korea
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Shabana A, El-Menyar A, Asim M, Al-Azzeh H, Al Thani H. Cardiovascular benefits of black cumin (Nigella sativa). Cardiovasc Toxicol 2013; 13:9-21. [PMID: 22911452 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-012-9181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Black Cumin (Nigella sativa), which belongs to the botanical family of Ranunculaceae, commonly grows in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Western Asia. Its ripe fruit contains tiny black seeds, known as "Al-Habba Al-Sauda" and "Al-Habba Al-Barakah" in Arabic and black seed or black cumin in English. Seeds of Nigella sativa are frequently used in folk medicine in the Middle East and some Asian countries for the promotion of good health and the treatment of many ailments. However, data for the cardiovascular benefits of black cumin are not well-established. We reviewed the literature from 1960 to March 2012 by using the following key words: "Nigella sativa," "black seeds," and "thymoquinone." Herein, we discussed the most relevant articles to find out the role of Nigella sativa in the cardiovascular diseases spectrum especially when there is a paucity of information and need of further studies in human to establish the utility of Nigella sativa in cardiovascular system protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Shabana
- Deparment of Cardiology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Üstün K, Taysı S, Sezer U, Demir E, Baysal E, Demir T, Sarıçiçek E, Alkış H, Şenyurt SZ, Tarakçıoğlu M, Aksoy N. Radio-protective effects ofNigella sativaoil on oxidative stress in tongue tissue of rats. Oral Dis 2013; 20:109-13. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Üstün
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Gaziantep University; Gaziantep Turkey
| | - S Taysı
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Gaziantep University; Gaziantep Turkey
| | - U Sezer
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Gaziantep University; Gaziantep Turkey
| | - E Demir
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Gaziantep University; Gaziantep Turkey
| | - E Baysal
- Department of Otolaryngology; Faculty of Medicine; Gaziantep University; Gaziantep Turkey
| | - T Demir
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Gaziantep University; Gaziantep Turkey
| | - E Sarıçiçek
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Gaziantep University; Gaziantep Turkey
| | - H Alkış
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Faculty of Medicine; Gaziantep University; Gaziantep Turkey
| | - SZ Şenyurt
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Gaziantep University; Gaziantep Turkey
| | - M Tarakçıoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Gaziantep University; Gaziantep Turkey
| | - N Aksoy
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Harran University; Şanlıurfa Turkey
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Velho-Pereira R, Kumar A, Pandey BN, Mishra KP, Jagtap AG. Radioprotection by Macerated Extract of Nigella sativa in Normal Tissues of Fibrosarcoma Bearing Mice. Indian J Pharm Sci 2012; 74:403-14. [PMID: 23716868 PMCID: PMC3660866 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.108415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was undertaken to study the effect of a macerated extract of Nigella sativa seeds in normal as well as in tumour bearing mice against gamma radiation-induced cellular damage to normal tissues. This was done to mimic the clinical setting where in, normal tissues of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy are exposed to the deleterious effects of radiation. The protection of cellular DNA was analysed in peripheral blood leucocytes of whole body irradiated mice following pretreatment with macerated extract of Nigella sativa seeds (100 mg/kg), using alkaline comet assay, and also estimating biochemical and blood parameters such as levels of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein oxidation in organs such as spleen, liver, brain and intestine haemoglobin and total leucocyte count, respectively. The results showed that the macerated extract of Nigella sativa seeds protected the liver, spleen, brain and intestines both in normal as well as tumour bearing mice. This study concludes that macerated extract of Nigella sativa seeds has protective effects against radiation-induced damage and biochemical alterations which could be attributed to the ability to scavenge free radicals and its antioxidant properties. Hence macerated extract of Nigella sativa seeds, could be used in combination with radiation to protect against oxidative stress in normal tissues and improving the quality of life of cancer patients by mitigating unwanted side effects of radiation in normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reelma Velho-Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Mumbai University, Mumbai-400 098, India
| | - A. Kumar
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085, India
| | - B. N. Pandey
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085, India
| | - K. P. Mishra
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085, India
| | - Aarti G. Jagtap
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Mumbai University, Mumbai-400 098, India
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Singh VK, Fatanmi OO, Singh PK, Whitnall MH. Role of radiation-induced granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in recovery from whole body gamma-irradiation. Cytokine 2012; 58:406-14. [PMID: 22487481 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to further elucidate the radioprotective role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) induced in response to irradiation. The induction of G-CSF and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in response to radiation exposure was evaluated in mice. The level of cytokine in serum was determined by multiplex Luminex. The role of G-CSF on survival and tissue injury after total body gamma-irradiation was evaluated by administration of neutralizing antibody to G-CSF before radiation exposure. An isotype control was used for comparison and survival was monitored for 30 d after irradiation. Jejunum samples were used for immunohistochemistry. Ionizing radiation exposure induced significant levels of the hematopoietic cytokines G-CSF and IL-6, in mice receiving 9.2 Gy radiation. Maximal levels of G-CSF were observed in peripheral blood of mice 8h after irradiation. IL-6 levels were maximum at 12h after irradiation. Administration of G-CSF antibody significantly enhanced mortality in irradiated mice. G-CSF antibody-treated mice had higher numbers of CD68(+) cells and apoptotic cells in intestinal villi. Our results confirm that radiation exposure induces elevations of circulating G-CSF and IL-6. Neutralizing antibody to G-CSF exacerbates the deleterious effects of radiation, indicating that G-CSF induced in response to irradiation plays an important role in recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Singh
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Singh PK, Wise SY, Ducey EJ, Fatanmi OO, Elliott TB, Singh VK. α-Tocopherol succinate protects mice against radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury. Radiat Res 2011; 177:133-45. [PMID: 22013885 DOI: 10.1667/rr2627.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of α-tocopherol succinate (α-TS) in protecting mice from gastrointestinal syndrome induced by total-body irradiation. CD2F1 mice were injected subcutaneously with 400 mg/kg of α-TS and exposed to different doses of (60)Co γ radiation, and 30-day survival was monitored. Jejunum sections were analyzed for crypts and villi, PUMA (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis), and apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling - TUNEL). The crypt regeneration in irradiated mice was evaluated by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Bacterial translocation from gut to heart, spleen and liver in α-TS-treated and irradiated mice was evaluated by bacterial culture on sheep blood agar, colistin-nalidixic acid, and xylose-lysine-desoxycholate medium. Our results demonstrate that α-TS enhanced survival in a significant number of mice irradiated with 9.5, 10, 11 and 11.5 Gy (60)Co γ radiation when administered 24 h before radiation exposure. α-TS also protected the intestinal tissue of irradiated mice in terms of crypt and villus number, villus length and mitotic figures. TS treatment decreased the number of TUNEL- and PUMA-positive cells and increased the number of BrdU-positive cells in jejunum compared to vehicle-treated mice. Further, α-TS inhibited gut bacterial translocation to the heart, spleen and liver in irradiated mice. Our data suggest that α-TS protects mice from radiation-induced gastrointestinal damage by inhibiting apoptosis, promoting regeneration of crypt cells, and inhibiting translocation of gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj K Singh
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889-5603, USA.
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