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Ostheim P, Tichý A, Badie C, Davidkova M, Kultova G, Stastna MM, Sirak I, Stewart S, Schwanke D, Kasper M, Ghandhi SA, Amundson SA, Bäumler W, Stroszczynski C, Port M, Abend M. Applicability of Gene Expression in Saliva as an Alternative to Blood for Biodosimetry and Prediction of Radiation-induced Health Effects. Radiat Res 2024; 201:523-534. [PMID: 38499035 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00176.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
As the great majority of gene expression (GE) biodosimetry studies have been performed using blood as the preferred source of tissue, searching for simple and less-invasive sampling methods is important when considering biodosimetry approaches. Knowing that whole saliva contains an ultrafiltrate of blood and white blood cells, it is expected that the findings in blood can also be found in saliva. This human in vivo study aims to examine radiation-induced GE changes in saliva for biodosimetry purposes and to predict radiation-induced disease, which is yet poorly characterized. Furthermore, we examined whether transcriptional biomarkers in blood can also be found equivalently in saliva. Saliva and blood samples were collected in parallel from radiotherapy (RT) treated patients who suffered from head and neck cancer (n = 8) undergoing fractioned partial-body irradiations (1.8 Gy/fraction and 50-70 Gy total dose). Samples were taken 12-24 h before first irradiation and ideally 24 and 48 h, as well as 5 weeks after radiotherapy onset. Due to the low quality and quantity of isolated RNA samples from one patient, they had to be excluded from further analysis, leaving a total of 24 saliva and 24 blood samples from 7 patients eligible for analysis. Using qRT-PCR, 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA (the ratio being a surrogate for the relative human RNA/bacterial burden), four housekeeping genes and nine mRNAs previously identified as radiation responsive in blood-based studies were detected. Significant GE associations with absorbed dose were found for five genes and after the 2nd radiotherapy fraction, shown by, e.g., the increase of CDKN1A (2.0 fold, P = 0.017) and FDXR (1.9 fold increased, P = 0.002). After the 25th radiotherapy fraction, however, all four genes (FDXR, DDB2, POU2AF1, WNT3) predicting ARS (acute radiation syndrome) severity, as well as further genes (including CCNG1 [median-fold change (FC) = 0.3, P = 0.013], and GADD45A (median-FC = 0.3, P = 0.031)) appeared significantly downregulated (FC = 0.3, P = 0.01-0.03). A significant association of CCNG1, POU2AF1, HPRT1, and WNT3 (P = 0.006-0.04) with acute or late radiotoxicity could be shown before the onset of these clinical outcomes. In an established set of four genes predicting acute health effects in blood, the response in saliva samples was similar to the expected up- (FDXR, DDB2) or downregulation (POU2AF1, WNT3) in blood for up to 71% of the measurements. Comparing GE responses (PHPT1, CCNG1, CDKN1A, GADD45A, SESN1) in saliva and blood samples, there was a significant linear association between saliva and blood response of CDKN1A (R2 = 0.60, P = 0.0004). However, the GE pattern of other genes differed between saliva and blood. In summary, the current human in vivo study, (I) reveals significant radiation-induced GE associations of five transcriptional biomarkers in salivary samples, (II) suggests genes predicting diverse clinical outcomes such as acute and late radiotoxicity as well as ARS severity, and (III) supports the view that blood-based GE response can be reflected in saliva samples, indicating that saliva is a "mirror of the body" for certain but not all genes and, thus, studies for each gene of interest in blood are required for saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Tichý
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Kralove, University of Defence in Brno, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - C Badie
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Division, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - M Davidkova
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G Kultova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Kralove, University of Defence in Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Markova Stastna
- Institute for Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Hospital Na Bulovce, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - I Sirak
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital and Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - S Stewart
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - D Schwanke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M Kasper
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - S A Ghandhi
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032
| | - S A Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032
| | - W Bäumler
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Stroszczynski
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
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Kwak SY, Park JH, Won HY, Jang H, Lee SB, Jang WI, Park S, Kim MJ, Shim S. CXCL10 upregulation in radiation-exposed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a candidate biomarker for rapid triage after radiation exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:541-549. [PMID: 38227479 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2295300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In case of a nuclear accident, individuals with high-dose radiation exposure (>1-2 Gy) should be rapidly identified. While ferredoxin reductase (FDXR) was recently suggested as a radiation-responsive gene, the use of a single gene biomarker limits radiation dose assessment. To overcome this limitation, we sought to identify reliable radiation-responsive gene biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from mice after total body irradiation, and gene expression was analyzed using a microarray approach to identify radiation-responsive genes. RESULTS In light of the essential role of the immune response following radiation exposure, we selected several immune-related candidate genes upregulated by radiation exposure in both mouse and human PBMCs. In particular, the expression of ACOD1 and CXCL10 increased in a radiation dose-dependent manner, while remaining unchanged following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in human PBMCs. The expression of both genes was further evaluated in the blood of cancer patients before and after radiotherapy. CXCL10 expression exhibited a distinct increase after radiotherapy and was positively correlated with FDXR expression. CONCLUSIONS CXCL10 expression in irradiated PBMCs represents a potential biomarker for radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Young Kwak
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Park
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- OPTOLANE Technologies Inc., Seongnam, South Korea
| | | | - Hyosun Jang
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Bum Lee
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Il Jang
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sehwan Shim
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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O’Brien G, Kamuda M, Cruz-Garcia L, Polozova M, Tichy A, Markova M, Sirak I, Zahradnicek O, Widłak P, Ponge L, Polanska J, Badie C. Transcriptional Inflammatory Signature in Healthy Donors and Different Radiotherapy Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1080. [PMID: 38256152 PMCID: PMC10816540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer and ionizing radiation exposure are associated with inflammation. To identify a set of radiation-specific signatures of inflammation-associated genes in the blood of partially exposed radiotherapy patients, differential expression of 249 inflammatory genes was analyzed in blood samples from cancer patients and healthy individuals. The gene expression analysis on a cohort of 63 cancer patients (endometrial, head and neck, and prostate cancer) before and during radiotherapy (24 h, 48 h, ~1 week, ~4-8 weeks, and 1 month after the last fraction) identified 31 genes and 15 up- and 16 down-regulated genes. Transcription variability under normal conditions was determined using blood drawn on three separate occasions from four healthy donors. No difference in inflammatory expression between healthy donors and cancer patients could be detected prior to radiotherapy. Remarkably, repeated sampling of healthy donors revealed an individual endogenous inflammatory signature. Next, the potential confounding effect of concomitant inflammation was studied in the blood of seven healthy donors taken before and 24 h after a flu vaccine or ex vivo LPS (lipopolysaccharide) treatment; flu vaccination was not detected at the transcriptional level and LPS did not have any effect on the radiation-induced signature identified. Finally, we identified a radiation-specific signature of 31 genes in the blood of radiotherapy patients that were common for all cancers, regardless of the immune status of patients. Confirmation via MQRT-PCR was obtained for BCL6, MYD88, MYC, IL7, CCR4 and CCR7. This study offers the foundation for future research on biomarkers of radiation exposure, radiation sensitivity, and radiation toxicity for personalized radiotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gráinne O’Brien
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK; (G.O.); (L.C.-G.); (M.P.)
| | - Malgorzata Kamuda
- Department of Data Mining, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland (J.P.)
| | - Lourdes Cruz-Garcia
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK; (G.O.); (L.C.-G.); (M.P.)
| | - Mariia Polozova
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK; (G.O.); (L.C.-G.); (M.P.)
| | - Ales Tichy
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence, 662 10 Brno, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Králové, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Markova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 128 00 Praha, Czech Republic;
| | - Igor Sirak
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy and 4th Department of Internal Medicine—Hematology, University Hospital, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Oldrich Zahradnicek
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Piotr Widłak
- Clinical Research Support Centre, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a Street, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Lucyna Ponge
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Joanna Polanska
- Department of Data Mining, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland (J.P.)
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK; (G.O.); (L.C.-G.); (M.P.)
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Khazaei Monfared Y, Heidari P, Klempner SJ, Mahmood U, Parikh AR, Hong TS, Strickland MR, Esfahani SA. DNA Damage by Radiopharmaceuticals and Mechanisms of Cellular Repair. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2761. [PMID: 38140100 PMCID: PMC10748326 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA is an organic molecule that is highly vulnerable to chemical alterations and breaks caused by both internal and external factors. Cells possess complex and advanced mechanisms, including DNA repair, damage tolerance, cell cycle checkpoints, and cell death pathways, which together minimize the potentially harmful effects of DNA damage. However, in cancer cells, the normal DNA damage tolerance and response processes are disrupted or deregulated. This results in increased mutagenesis and genomic instability within the cancer cells, a known driver of cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. On the other hand, the inherent instability of the genome in rapidly dividing cancer cells can be exploited as a tool to kill by imposing DNA damage with radiopharmaceuticals. As the field of targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is rapidly growing in oncology, it is crucial to have a deep understanding of the impact of systemic radiation delivery by radiopharmaceuticals on the DNA of tumors and healthy tissues. The distribution and activation of DNA damage and repair pathways caused by RPT can be different based on the characteristics of the radioisotope and molecular target. Here we provide a comprehensive discussion of the biological effects of RPTs, with the main focus on the role of varying radioisotopes in inducing direct and indirect DNA damage and activating DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Khazaei Monfared
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
| | - Pedram Heidari
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
| | - Samuel J. Klempner
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.J.K.); (A.R.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Umar Mahmood
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
| | - Aparna R. Parikh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.J.K.); (A.R.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Theodore S. Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Matthew R. Strickland
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.J.K.); (A.R.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Shadi A. Esfahani
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
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Kouri MA, Spyratou E, Kalkou ME, Patatoukas G, Angelopoulou E, Tremi I, Havaki S, Gorgoulis VG, Kouloulias V, Platoni K, Efstathopoulos EP. Nanoparticle-Mediated Radiotherapy: Unraveling Dose Enhancement and Apoptotic Responses in Cancer and Normal Cell Lines. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1720. [PMID: 38136591 PMCID: PMC10742116 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer remains a pressing global health concern, necessitating advanced therapeutic strategies. Radiotherapy, a fundamental treatment modality, has faced challenges such as targeted dose deposition and radiation exposure to healthy tissues, limiting optimal outcomes. To address these hurdles, nanomaterials, specifically gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), have emerged as a promising avenue. This study delves into the realm of cervical cancer radiotherapy through the meticulous exploration of AuNPs' impact. Utilizing ex vivo experiments involving cell lines, this research dissected intricate radiobiological interactions. Detailed scrutiny of cell survival curves, dose enhancement factors (DEFs), and apoptosis in both cancer and normal cervical cells revealed profound insights. The outcomes showcased the substantial enhancement of radiation responses in cancer cells following AuNP treatment, resulting in heightened cell death and apoptotic levels. Significantly, the most pronounced effects were observed 24 h post-irradiation, emphasizing the pivotal role of timing in AuNPs' efficacy. Importantly, AuNPs exhibited targeted precision, selectively impacting cancer cells while preserving normal cells. This study illuminates the potential of AuNPs as potent radiosensitizers in cervical cancer therapy, offering a tailored and efficient approach. Through meticulous ex vivo experimentation, this research expands our comprehension of the complex dynamics between AuNPs and cells, laying the foundation for their optimized clinical utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anthi Kouri
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.A.K.); (E.S.); (G.P.); (V.K.); (K.P.)
- Medical Physics Program, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 265 Riverside St., Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Ellas Spyratou
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.A.K.); (E.S.); (G.P.); (V.K.); (K.P.)
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleni Kalkou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgios Patatoukas
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.A.K.); (E.S.); (G.P.); (V.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Evangelia Angelopoulou
- 2nd Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioanna Tremi
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.T.); (S.H.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Sophia Havaki
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.T.); (S.H.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.T.); (S.H.); (V.G.G.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7YH, UK
| | - Vassilis Kouloulias
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.A.K.); (E.S.); (G.P.); (V.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Kalliopi Platoni
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.A.K.); (E.S.); (G.P.); (V.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Efstathios P. Efstathopoulos
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.A.K.); (E.S.); (G.P.); (V.K.); (K.P.)
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Cai LH, Chen XY, Qian W, Liu CC, Yuan LJ, Zhang L, Nie C, Liu Z, Li Y, Li T, Liu MH. DDB2 and MDM2 genes are promising markers for radiation diagnosis and estimation of radiation dose independent of trauma and burns. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:294. [PMID: 37688632 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01222-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
In the field of biodosimetry, the current accepted method for evaluating radiation dose fails to meet the need of rapid, large-scale screening, and most RNA marker-related studies of biodosimetry are concentrating on a single type of ray, while some other potential factors, such as trauma and burns, have not been covered. Microarray datasets that contain the data of human peripheral blood samples exposed to X-ray, neutron, and γ-ray radiation were obtained from the GEO database. Totally, 33 multi-type ray co-induced genes were obtained at first from the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and key genes identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and these genes were mainly enriched in DNA damage, cellular apoptosis, and p53 signaling pathway. Following transcriptome sequencing of blood samples from 11 healthy volunteers, 13 patients with severe burns, and 37 patients with severe trauma, 6635 trauma-related DEGs and 7703 burn-related DEGs were obtained. Through the exclusion method, a total of 12 radiation-specific genes independent of trauma and burns were identified. ROC curve analysis revealed that the DDB2 gene performed the best in diagnosis of all three types of ray radiation, while correlation analysis showed that the MDM2 gene was the best in assessment of radiation dose. The results of multiple-linear regression analysis indicated that such analysis could improve the accuracy in assessment of radiation dose. Moreover, the DDB2 and MDM2 genes remained effective in radiation diagnosis and assessment of radiation dose in an external dataset. In general, the study brings new insights into radiation biodosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hu Cai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Main Street, Gaotan Rock, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Main Street, Gaotan Rock, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qian
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Chuan Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Main Street, Gaotan Rock, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jia Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Main Street, Gaotan Rock, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Main Street, Gaotan Rock, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Nie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Main Street, Gaotan Rock, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Main Street, Gaotan Rock, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ming-Hua Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Main Street, Gaotan Rock, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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Schüle S, Ostheim P, Muhtadi R, Stewart S, Kaletka G, Hermann C, Port M, Abend M. Evaluating transport conditions of conventional, widely used EDTA blood tubes for gene expression analysis in comparison to expensive, specialized PAXgene tubes in preparedness for radiological and nuclear events. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 100:99-107. [PMID: 37676284 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2250871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gene expression (GE) analysis of a radio-sensitive gene set (FDXR, DDB2, WNT3, POU2AF1) has been introduced in the last decade as an early and high-throughput prediction tool of later developing acute hematologic radiation syndrome (H-ARS) severity. The use of special tubes for RNA extraction from peripheral whole blood (PAXgene) represent an established standard in GE studies, although uncommonly used in clinics and not immediately available in the quantities needed in radiological/nuclear (R/N) incidents. On the other hand, EDTA blood tubes are widely utilized in clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using blood samples from eleven healthy donors, we investigated GE changes associated with delayed processing of EDTA tubes up to 4 h at room temperature (RT) after venipuncture (simulating delays caused by daily clinical routine), followed by a subsequent transport time of 24 h at RT, 4 °C, and -20 °C. Differential gene expression (DGE) of the target genes was further examined after X-irradiation with 0 Gy and 4 Gy under optimal transport conditions. RESULTS No significant changes in DGE were observed when storing EDTA whole blood samples up to 4 h at RT and subsequently kept at 4 °C for 24 h which is in line with expected DGE. However, other storage conditions, such as -20 °C or RT, decreased RNA quality and/or (significantly) caused changes in DGE exceeding the known methodological variance of the qRT-PCR. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the use of EDTA whole blood tubes for GE-based H-ARS severity prediction is comparable to the quality of PAXgene tubes, when processed ≤ 4 h after venipuncture and the sample is transported within 24 hours at 4 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Razan Muhtadi
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Samantha Stewart
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Gwendolyn Kaletka
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelius Hermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
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Liu Z, Cologne J, Amundson SA, Noda A. Candidate biomarkers and persistent transcriptional responses after low and high dose ionizing radiation at high dose rate. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1853-1864. [PMID: 37549410 PMCID: PMC10845127 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2241897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Development of an integrated time and dose model to explore the dynamics of gene expression alterations and identify biomarkers for biodosimetry following low- and high-dose irradiations at high dose rate. MATERIAL AND METHODS We utilized multiple transcriptome datasets (GSE8917, GSE43151, and GSE23515) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) for identifying candidate biological dosimeters. A linear mixed-effects model with random intercept was used to explore the dose-time dynamics of transcriptional responses and to functionally characterize the time- and dose-dependent changes in gene expression. RESULTS We identified genes that are correlated with dose and time and discovered two clusters of genes that are either positively or negatively correlated with both dose and time based on the parameters of the model. Genes in these two clusters may have persistent transcriptional alterations. Twelve potential transcriptional markers for dosimetry-ARHGEF3, BAX, BBC3, CCDC109B, DCP1B, DDB2, F11R, GADD45A, GSS, PLK3, TNFRSF10B, and XPC were identified. Of these genes, BAX, GSS, and TNFRSF10B are positively associated with both dose and time course, have a persistent transcriptional response, and might be better biological dosimeters. CONCLUSIONS With the proposed approach, we may identify candidate biomarkers that change monotonically in relation to dose, have a persistent transcriptional response, and are reliable over a wide dose range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiu Liu
- Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - John Cologne
- Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sally A. Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Asao Noda
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
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Li S, Cai TJ, Lu X, Tian M, Liu QJ. Effects of cyclophosphamide and mitomycin C on radiation-induced transcriptional biomarkers in human lymphoblastoid cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1948-1960. [PMID: 37530590 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2241907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced transcriptional changes are considered a potential biodosimetry for dose evaluation and health risk monitoring of acute or chronic radiation exposure. It is crucial to understand the impact of confounding factors on the radiation-responsive gene expressions for accurate and reproducible dose assessment. This study aims to explore the potential influence of exposures to chemotherapeutic agents such as cyclophosphamide (CP) and mitomycin C (MMC) on IR-induced transcriptional biomarkers. METHODS The human B lymphoblastoid cells (AHH-1) were exposed to 0, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 μg/ml CP or 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 1 μg/ml MMC, respectively. The appropriate concentrations of CP and MMC were added for 1 h before irradiation with 0, 2, 4 and 6 Gy of 60Co γ-rays at a dose rate of 1 Gy/min. Cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. The gene expression responses of 18 radiation-induced transcriptional biomarkers were examined at 24 h after exposures to CP and MMC, respectively. The expression levels of five crucial DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) repair genes were also evaluated. The biodosimetry models were established based on the specific radiation-responsive gene combinations. RESULTS The baseline transcriptional levels of the 18 selected genes were slightly affected by CP treatment in the absence of IR, while the transcript responses to IR could be inhibited as the concentration of CP up to 50 μg/ml. MMC treatment up-regulated the background levels in most radiation-responsive gene expressions. Of 18 genes, only the relative mRNA expression levels of CDKN1A and BBC3 were repressed after treatment with IR and MMC in combination. The relative mRNA level of RAD51 was significantly up-regulated after exposure to CP, while the expression of FANCD2, RAD51 and BLM showed an overall increase in response to MMC treatment. After irradiation, the relative mRNA expression levels of FANCD2, BRCA2 and RAD51 exhibited dose-dependent increases in IR alone and MMC treatment groups. In addition, the biodosimetry models were established using 2-4 radiation-responsive genes based on different radiation exposure scenarios. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that IR-induced gene expression changes were slightly affected after exposure to a relatively low concentration of CP and MMC. Gene expression combinations might improve the broad applicability of transcriptional biodosimetry across diverse radiation exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Jing Cai
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xue Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
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10
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Bhagi S, Chandna S. A simplified protocol for gene expression-based biological dosimetry using peripheral whole blood. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1692-1701. [PMID: 37436720 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2231531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assessing alterations in the expression of radiation-responsive genes in peripheral blood cells is considered a promising approach for high-throughput radiation biodosimetry. However, optimization of conditions for storage and transport of blood samples would be critical for obtaining reliable results. Recent studies involved the incubation of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (in cell culture medium) and/or use of RNA stabilizing agents for sample storage, immediately after the ex vivo irradiation of whole blood. We used a simpler protocol by incubating undiluted peripheral whole blood without any RNA stabilizing agent, and studied the impact of storage temperature and incubation time on the expression levels of 19 known radiation responsive genes. MATERIALS & METHODS Peripheral whole blood was γ-irradiated ex vivo at room temperature at low (0.5 Gy), moderate (1 Gy, 2 Gy) and high (4 Gy) doses and immediately incubated at two different temperatures at 4 °C or 37 °C for 2h, 4h and 24 h. Using qRT-PCR, mRNA expression levels of CDKN1A, DDB2, GADD45A, FDXR, BAX, BBC3, MYC, PCNA, XPC, ZMAT3, AEN, TRIAP1, CCNG1, RPS27L, CD70, EI24, C12orf5, TNFRSF10B, ASCC3 were analyzed at respective time-points and compared with the sham-irradiated controls. RESULTS Transcriptional responses of all 19 genes did not alter significantly upon incubation of whole blood samples at 4 °C, as compared to untreated controls. However, incubation at 37 °C for 24 h resulted in significant radiation-induced overexpression in 14 out of the 19 genes analyzed (except CDKN1A, BBC3, MYC, CD 70 and EI24). Detailed patterns during incubation at 37 °C revealed time-dependent up-regulation of these genes, with DDB2 and FDXR showing significant up-regulation both at 4 and 24 h with the highest fold-change observed. CONCLUSION Overall, the undiluted whole blood incubated at 37 °C for 24 h was found to elicit most optimal transcriptional response in the genes studied, with most profound overexpression of DDB2 and FDXR. We propose that sample storage/transport/post-transit incubation at the physiological temperature for up to 24 h may enhance the sensitivity of gene expression based biodosimetry and facilitate its usage for triage application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Bhagi
- Division of Molecular & Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO), Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Sudhir Chandna
- Division of Molecular & Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO), Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
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11
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López-Riego M, Płódowska M, Lis-Zajęcka M, Jeziorska K, Tetela S, Węgierek-Ciuk A, Sobota D, Braziewicz J, Lundholm L, Lisowska H, Wojcik A. The DNA damage response to radiological imaging: from ROS and γH2AX foci induction to gene expression responses in vivo. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2023:10.1007/s00411-023-01033-4. [PMID: 37335333 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-023-01033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Candidate ionising radiation exposure biomarkers must be validated in humans exposed in vivo. Blood from patients undergoing positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan (PET-CT) and skeletal scintigraphy (scintigraphy) was drawn before (0 h) and after (2 h) the procedure for correlation analyses of the response of selected biomarkers with radiation dose and other available patient information. FDXR, CDKN1A, BBC3, GADD45A, XPC, and MDM2 expression was determined by qRT-PCR, DNA damage (γH2AX) by flow cytometry, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by flow cytometry using the 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate test in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). For ROS experiments, 0- and 2-h samples were additionally exposed to UVA to determine whether diagnostic irradiation conditioned the response to further oxidative insult. With some exceptions, radiological imaging induced weak γH2AX foci, ROS and gene expression fold changes, the latter with good coherence across genes within a patient. Diagnostic imaging did not influence oxidative stress in PBMC successively exposed to UVA. Correlation analyses with patient characteristics led to low correlation coefficient values. γH2AX fold change, which correlated positively with gene expression, presented a weak positive correlation with injected activity, indicating a radiation-induced subtle increase in DNA damage and subsequent activation of the DNA damage response pathway. The exposure discrimination potential of these biomarkers in the absence of control samples as frequently demanded in radiological emergencies, was assessed using raw data. These results suggest that the variability of the response in heterogeneous populations might complicate identifying individuals exposed to low radiation doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagrosa López-Riego
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Magdalena Płódowska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Milena Lis-Zajęcka
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Kamila Jeziorska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Sylwia Tetela
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Aneta Węgierek-Ciuk
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Daniel Sobota
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Janusz Braziewicz
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine With Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Unit, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Halina Lisowska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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12
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Aboelezz E, Pogue BW. Review of nanomaterial advances for ionizing radiation dosimetry. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 10:021312. [PMID: 37304732 PMCID: PMC10249220 DOI: 10.1063/5.0134982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There are a wide range of applications with ionizing radiation and a common theme throughout these is that accurate dosimetry is usually required, although many newer demands are provided by improved features in higher range, multi-spectral and particle type detected. Today, the array of dosimeters includes both offline and online tools, such as gel dosimeters, thermoluminescence (TL), scintillators, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), radiochromic polymeric films, gels, ionization chambers, colorimetry, and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement systems. Several future nanocomposite features and interpretation of their substantial behaviors are discussed that can lead to improvements in specific features, such as (1) lower sensitivity range, (2) less saturation at high range, (3) overall increased dynamic range, (4) superior linearity, (5) linear energy transfer and energy independence, (6) lower cost, (7) higher ease of use, and (8) improved tissue equivalence. Nanophase versions of TL and ESR dosimeters and scintillators each have potential for higher range of linearity, sometimes due to superior charge transfer to the trapping center. Both OSL and ESR detection of nanomaterials can have increased dose sensitivity because of their higher readout sensitivity with nanoscale sensing. New nanocrystalline scintillators, such as perovskite, have fundamentally important advantages in sensitivity and purposeful design for key new applications. Nanoparticle plasmon coupled sensors doped within a lower Zeff material have been an effective way to achieve enhanced sensitivity of many dosimetry systems while still achieving tissue equivalency. These nanomaterial processing techniques and unique combinations of them are key steps that lead to the advanced features. Each must be realized through industrial production and quality control with packaging into dosimetry systems that maximize stability and reproducibility. Ultimately, recommendations for future work in this field of radiation dosimetry were summarized throughout the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Aboelezz
- Ionizing Radiation Metrology Department, National Institute of Standards, Giza, Egypt
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53705, USA
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13
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Abend M, Amundson S, Badie C, Brzoska K, Kriehuber R, Lacombe J, Lopez-Riego M, Lumniczky K, Endesfelder D, O’Brien G, Doucha-Senf S, Ghandhi S, Hargitai R, Kis E, Lundholm L, Oskamp D, Ostheim P, Schüle S, Schwanke D, Shuryak I, Siebenwith C, Unverricht-Yeboah M, Wojcik A, Yang J, Zenhausern F, Port M. RENEB Inter-Laboratory Comparison 2021: The Gene Expression Assay. Radiat Res 2023; 199:598-615. [PMID: 37057982 PMCID: PMC11106736 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00206.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Early and high-throughput individual dose estimates are essential following large-scale radiation exposure events. In the context of the Running the European Network for Biodosimetry and Physical Dosimetry (RENEB) 2021 exercise, gene expression assays were conducted and their corresponding performance for dose-assessment is presented in this publication. Three blinded, coded whole blood samples from healthy donors were exposed to 0, 1.2 and 3.5 Gy X-ray doses (240 kVp, 1 Gy/min) using the X-ray source Yxlon. These exposures correspond to clinically relevant groups of unexposed, low dose (no severe acute health effects expected) and high dose exposed individuals (requiring early intensive medical health care). Samples were sent to eight teams for dose estimation and identification of clinically relevant groups. For quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and microarray analyses, samples were lysed, stored at 20°C and shipped on wet ice. RNA isolations and assays were run in each laboratory according to locally established protocols. The time-to-result for both rough early and more precise later reports has been documented where possible. Accuracy of dose estimates was calculated as the difference between estimated and reference doses for all doses (summed absolute difference, SAD) and by determining the number of correctly reported dose estimates that were defined as ±0.5 Gy for reference doses <2.5 Gy and ±1.0 Gy for reference doses >3 Gy, as recommended for triage dosimetry. We also examined the allocation of dose estimates to clinically/diagnostically relevant exposure groups. Altogether, 105 dose estimates were reported by the eight teams, and the earliest report times on dose categories and estimates were 5 h and 9 h, respectively. The coefficient of variation for 85% of all 436 qRT-PCR measurements did not exceed 10%. One team reported dose estimates that systematically deviated several-fold from reported dose estimates, and these outliers were excluded from further analysis. Teams employing a combination of several genes generated about two-times lower median SADs (0.8 Gy) compared to dose estimates based on single genes only (1.7 Gy). When considering the uncertainty intervals for triage dosimetry, dose estimates of all teams together were correctly reported in 100% of the 0 Gy, 50% of the 1.2 Gy and 50% of the 3.5 Gy exposed samples. The order of dose estimates (from lowest to highest) corresponding to three dose categories (unexposed, low dose and highest exposure) were correctly reported by all teams and all chosen genes or gene combinations. Furthermore, if teams reported no exposure or an exposure >3.5 Gy, it was always correctly allocated to the unexposed and the highly exposed group, while low exposed (1.2 Gy) samples sometimes could not be discriminated from highly (3.5 Gy) exposed samples. All teams used FDXR and 78.1% of correct dose estimates used FDXR as one of the predictors. Still, the accuracy of reported dose estimates based on FDXR differed considerably among teams with one team's SAD (0.5 Gy) being comparable to the dose accuracy employing a combination of genes. Using the workflow of this reference team, we performed additional experiments after the exercise on residual RNA and cDNA sent by six teams to the reference team. All samples were processed similarly with the intention to improve the accuracy of dose estimates when employing the same workflow. Re-evaluated dose estimates improved for half of the samples and worsened for the others. In conclusion, this inter-laboratory comparison exercise enabled (1) identification of technical problems and corrections in preparations for future events, (2) confirmed the early and high-throughput capabilities of gene expression, (3) emphasized different biodosimetry approaches using either only FDXR or a gene combination, (4) indicated some improvements in dose estimation with FDXR when employing a similar methodology, which requires further research for the final conclusion and (5) underlined the applicability of gene expression for identification of unexposed and highly exposed samples, supporting medical management in radiological or nuclear scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - S.A. Amundson
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Center for Radiological Research, New York, New York
| | - C. Badie
- UK Health Security Agency and Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Oxfordshire, England
| | - K. Brzoska
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R. Kriehuber
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Department of Safety and Radiation Protection, Jülich, Germany
| | - J. Lacombe
- University of Arizona, Center for Applied Nanobioscience & Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - M. Lopez-Riego
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K. Lumniczky
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - D. Endesfelder
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - G. O’Brien
- UK Health Security Agency and Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Oxfordshire, England
| | | | - S.A. Ghandhi
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Center for Radiological Research, New York, New York
| | - R. Hargitai
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - E. Kis
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - L. Lundholm
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D. Oskamp
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Department of Safety and Radiation Protection, Jülich, Germany
| | - P. Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - S. Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - D. Schwanke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - I. Shuryak
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Center for Radiological Research, New York, New York
| | - C. Siebenwith
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Unverricht-Yeboah
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Department of Safety and Radiation Protection, Jülich, Germany
| | - A. Wojcik
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J. Yang
- University of Arizona, Center for Applied Nanobioscience & Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - F. Zenhausern
- University of Arizona, Center for Applied Nanobioscience & Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - M. Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
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Kannan N, Koshy T, Raavi V, Bhaskar E, Moorthy S, Pulivadula Mohanarangam VS, Srinivas Kondaveeti S, Visweswaran S, Perumal V. Candidate Gene Expression in Regional Population and Its Relevance for Radiation Triage. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:210-222. [PMID: 37253332 DOI: 10.1159/000531258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantification of gene expression signatures has been substantiated as a potential and rapid marker for radiation triage and biodosimetry during nuclear emergencies. Similar to the established biodosimetry assays, the gene expression assay has drawbacks such as being highly dynamic and transient, not specific to ionizing radiation, and also influenced by confounding factors such as gender, health status, lifestyle, and inflammation. In view of that, prior knowledge of baseline expression of certain candidate genes in a population could complement the discrimination of the unexposed from the exposed individuals without the need for individual pre-exposure controls. We intended to establish a baseline expression of reported radiation-responsive genes such as CDKN1A, DDB2, FDXR, and PCNA in the blood samples of healthy human participants and then compare it with diabetic/hypertension participants (as a chronic inflammatory condition) drawn from south Indian population. Further, we have examined the appropriateness of the assay for radiation triage-like situations; i.e., the expression profiles of those genes were examined in the participants who underwent X-ray-based medical imaging. Acute inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide exposure in the blood significantly increased the fold expression of those genes (p < 0.0001) compared to the control. Whereas the basal expression level of those genes among the participants with the inflammatory condition is marginally higher than those observed in the healthy participants; despite the excess, the fold increase in those genes between the groups did not differ significantly. Consistent with the inflammatory participants, the basal expression level of those genes in the blood sample of participants who received X-radiation during neuro-interventional and computed tomography imaging is marginally higher than those observed in the pre-exposure of respective groups. Nevertheless, the fold increase in those genes did not differ significantly as the fold change fell within the two folds. Thus, overall results suggest that the utility of CDKN1A, DDB2, FDXR, and PCNA gene expression for radiation triage specific after very low-dose radiation exposure needs to be interpreted with caution for a much more reliable triage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandhini Kannan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Teena Koshy
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Venkateswarlu Raavi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Kolar, India
| | - Emmanuel Bhaskar
- Department of General Medicine, SRMC&RI, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Swathy Moorthy
- Department of General Medicine, SRMC&RI, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Venkata Sai Pulivadula Mohanarangam
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, SRMC&RI, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Satish Srinivas Kondaveeti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, SRMC&RI, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Shangamithra Visweswaran
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Venkatachalam Perumal
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
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15
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Schüle S, Hackenbroch C, Beer M, Muhtadi R, Hermann C, Stewart S, Schwanke D, Ostheim P, Port M, Scherthan H, Abend M. Ex-vivo dose response characterization of the recently identified EDA2R gene after low level radiation exposures and comparison with FDXR gene expression and the γH2AX focus assay. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1584-1594. [PMID: 36988552 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2194402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, promising radiation-induced EDA2R gene expression (GE) changes after low level radiation could be shown. Stimulated by that, in this study, we intended to independently validate these findings and to further characterize dose-response relationships in comparison to FDXR and the γH2AX-DNA double-strand break (DSB) focus assay, since both assays are already widely used for biodosimetry purposes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood samples from six healthy human donors were irradiated ex vivo (dose: ranging from 2.6 to 49.7 mGy). Subsequently, the fold-differences relative to the sham irradiated reference group were calculated. Radiation-induced changes in GE of FDXR and EDA2R were examined using the quantitative real-time polymerase-chain-reaction (qRT-PCR). DSB foci were quantified in 100 γH2AX + 53BP1 immunostained cells employing fluorescence microscopy. Examinations were performed at single time points enabling sufficient detection of both endpoints. RESULTS A significant increase in EDA2R GE relative to the unexposed control was observed in the range of 2.6 mGy (1.6-fold, p = .045) to 5.4 mGy (2.2-fold, p = .0002), whereas the copy numbers increased linearly up to 13.1-fold at 49.7 mGy. On the contrary, FDXR upregulation (2.2-fold) became significant after a 22.6 mGy exposure (p ≤ .02) and increased linearly up to 4-fold at 49.7 mGy. A significant increase in radiation-induced foci (relative to unexposed, RIF-fd) was observed after 11.3 mGy (RIF-fd: 1.5 ± 0.5, p ≤ .03), while the foci increased linearly up to 3-fold at 49.7 mGy. From this, the FDXR and RIF-fd slopes have shown comparability, while the EDA2R slope was five times higher. Nevertheless, the coefficient of variation (CV) of EDA2R was about 30% higher than for RIF-fd. CONCLUSION Higher radiation-induced EDA2R GE changes and a lower radiation detection level compared to RIF-fd and FDXR GE changes examined under optimal conditions ex vivo on human samples appear promising. Yet, our results represent just the beginning of further studies to be conducted in animal models for further time- and dose-dependent evaluation and additional examinations on radiologically examined patients to evaluate the impact of confounder, such as age, sex, social behavior, or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Hackenbroch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, German Armed Force Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meinrad Beer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Razan Muhtadi
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelius Hermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Samantha Stewart
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Schwanke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
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Shakyawar SK, Mishra NK, Vellichirammal NN, Cary L, Helikar T, Powers R, Oberley-Deegan RE, Berkowitz DB, Bayles KW, Singh VK, Guda C. A Review of Radiation-Induced Alterations of Multi-Omic Profiles, Radiation Injury Biomarkers, and Countermeasures. Radiat Res 2023; 199:89-111. [PMID: 36368026 PMCID: PMC10279411 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00187.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing utilization of nuclear power enhances the risks associated with industrial accidents, occupational hazards, and the threat of nuclear terrorism. Exposure to ionizing radiation interferes with genomic stability and gene expression resulting in the disruption of normal metabolic processes in cells and organs by inducing complex biological responses. Exposure to high-dose radiation causes acute radiation syndrome, which leads to hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, cerebrovascular, and many other organ-specific injuries. Altered genomic variations, gene expression, metabolite concentrations, and microbiota profiles in blood plasma or tissue samples reflect the whole-body radiation injuries. Hence, multi-omic profiles obtained from high-resolution omics platforms offer a holistic approach for identifying reliable biomarkers to predict the radiation injury of organs and tissues resulting from radiation exposures. In this review, we performed a literature search to systematically catalog the radiation-induced alterations from multi-omic studies and radiation countermeasures. We covered radiation-induced changes in the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, and microbiome profiles. Furthermore, we have covered promising multi-omic biomarkers, FDA-approved countermeasure drugs, and other radiation countermeasures that include radioprotectors and radiomitigators. This review presents an overview of radiation-induced alterations of multi-omics profiles and biomarkers, and associated radiation countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K Shakyawar
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nitish K Mishra
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Neetha N Vellichirammal
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Lynnette Cary
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Tomáš Helikar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 65888, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 65888, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588, USA
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - David B Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 65888, USA
| | - Kenneth W Bayles
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research and Innovation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Veiskarami A, Sardari D, Malekie S, Mofrad FB, Kashian S. Evaluation of dosimetric characteristics of a ternary nanocomposite based on High Density Polyethylene/Bismuth Oxide/Graphene Oxide for gamma-rays. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18798. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis research aims to investigate a ternary nanocomposite based on High Density Polyethylene/ Bismuth Oxide/Graphene Oxide (HDPE/Bi2O3/GO) at various concentrations. Solution method was used to fabricate the samples. FESEM-EDX mapping, AFM, TEM, XRD, XPS, FTIR, and TGA/DTG analyses were carried out on the samples. XRD analysis demonstrated a semi-crystalline behavior for the samples. TEM analysis exhibited a cauliflower-like structure of the material. The sample was irradiated by gamma-rays of 60Co source over the dose rate of 30–254 mGy/min and the electric current was measured as the response of the real-time dosimeter. Thus, various dosimetric characteristics were performed, namely linearity, angular dependence, energy dependence, bias-polarity, field size, and repeatability of the data. Results showed that response of the dosimeter was linear in the range of the investigated dose rate. The sensitivity of the 60 wt% Bi2O3 sample was measured as 3.4 nC·mGy−1. The angular response variation was 20% for normal beam incidence. The response of the dosimeter to assess the energy dependency was obtained as 2.2% at the radiation field of the 137Cs and 60Co beams. The dosimeter response was dependent on the bias-polarity, with maximum discrepancy of 11.1%. The dosimetry response was highly dependent upon the radiation field size. The repeatability of the dosimeter response was measured with standard deviation less than 1%. As well, the dosimeter response during the one-hour irradiation was stable with a standard deviation of 0.66%. Results showed that considering some correction factors, this material can be used for dosimetry of gamma-rays at the therapy level.
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Evaluation of dosimetric characteristics of a ternary nanocomposite based on High Density Polyethylene/Bismuth Oxide/Graphene Oxide for gamma-rays. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18798. [PMID: 36335163 PMCID: PMC9637186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aims to investigate a ternary nanocomposite based on High Density Polyethylene/ Bismuth Oxide/Graphene Oxide (HDPE/Bi2O3/GO) at various concentrations. Solution method was used to fabricate the samples. FESEM-EDX mapping, AFM, TEM, XRD, XPS, FTIR, and TGA/DTG analyses were carried out on the samples. XRD analysis demonstrated a semi-crystalline behavior for the samples. TEM analysis exhibited a cauliflower-like structure of the material. The sample was irradiated by gamma-rays of 60Co source over the dose rate of 30-254 mGy/min and the electric current was measured as the response of the real-time dosimeter. Thus, various dosimetric characteristics were performed, namely linearity, angular dependence, energy dependence, bias-polarity, field size, and repeatability of the data. Results showed that response of the dosimeter was linear in the range of the investigated dose rate. The sensitivity of the 60 wt% Bi2O3 sample was measured as 3.4 nC·mGy-1. The angular response variation was 20% for normal beam incidence. The response of the dosimeter to assess the energy dependency was obtained as 2.2% at the radiation field of the 137Cs and 60Co beams. The dosimeter response was dependent on the bias-polarity, with maximum discrepancy of 11.1%. The dosimetry response was highly dependent upon the radiation field size. The repeatability of the dosimeter response was measured with standard deviation less than 1%. As well, the dosimeter response during the one-hour irradiation was stable with a standard deviation of 0.66%. Results showed that considering some correction factors, this material can be used for dosimetry of gamma-rays at the therapy level.
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Putt KS, Du Y, Fu H, Zhang ZY. High-throughput screening strategies for space-based radiation countermeasure discovery. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 35:88-104. [PMID: 36336374 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As humanity begins to venture further into space, approaches to better protect astronauts from the hazards found in space need to be developed. One particular hazard of concern is the complex radiation that is ever present in deep space. Currently, it is unlikely enough spacecraft shielding could be launched that would provide adequate protection to astronauts during long-duration missions such as a journey to Mars and back. In an effort to identify other means of protection, prophylactic radioprotective drugs have been proposed as a potential means to reduce the biological damage caused by this radiation. Unfortunately, few radioprotectors have been approved by the FDA for usage and for those that have been developed, they protect normal cells/tissues from acute, high levels of radiation exposure such as that from oncology radiation treatments. To date, essentially no radioprotectors have been developed that specifically counteract the effects of chronic low-dose rate space radiation. This review highlights how high-throughput screening (HTS) methodologies could be implemented to identify such a radioprotective agent. Several potential target, pathway, and phenotypic assays are discussed along with potential challenges towards screening for radioprotectors. Utilizing HTS strategies such as the ones proposed here have the potential to identify new chemical scaffolds that can be developed into efficacious radioprotectors that are specifically designed to protect astronauts during deep space journeys. The overarching goal of this review is to elicit broader interest in applying drug discovery techniques, specifically HTS towards the identification of radiation countermeasures designed to be efficacious towards the biological insults likely to be encountered by astronauts on long duration voyages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karson S Putt
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907 USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907 USA.
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Schüle S, Ostheim P, Port M, Abend M. Identifying radiation responsive exon-regions of genes often used for biodosimetry and acute radiation syndrome prediction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9545. [PMID: 35680903 PMCID: PMC9184472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression (GE) analysis of FDXR, DDB2, WNT3 and POU2AF1 is a promising approach for identification of clinically relevant groups (unexposed, low- and high exposed) after radiological/nuclear events. However, results from international biodosimetry exercises have shown differences in dose estimates based on radiation-induced GE of the four genes. Also, differences in GE using next-generation-sequening (NGS) and validation with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was reported. These discrepancies could be caused by radiation-responsive differences among exons of the same gene. We performed GE analysis with qRT-PCR using TaqMan-assays covering all exon-regions of FDXR, DDB2, WNT3 and POU2AF1. Peripheral whole blood from three healthy donors was X-irradiated with 0, 0.5 and 4 Gy. After 24 and 48 h a dose-dependent up-regulation across almost all exon-regions for FDXR and DDB2 (4–42-fold) was found. A down-regulation for POU2AF1 (two- to threefold) and WNT3 (< sevenfold) at the 3’-end was found at 4 Gy irradiation only. Hence, this confirms our hypothesis for radiation-responsive exon-regions for WNT3 and POU2AF1, but not for FDXR and DDB2. Finally, we identified the most promising TaqMan-assays for FDXR (e.g. AR7DTG3, Hs00244586_m1), DDB2 (AR47X6H, Hs03044951_m1), WNT3 (Hs00902258_m1, Hs00902257_m1) and POU2AF1 (Hs01573370_g1, Hs01573371_m1) for biodosimetry purposes and acute radiation syndrome prediction, considering several criteria (detection limit, dose dependency, time persistency, inter-individual variability).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany.
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Transcriptional Dynamics of DNA Damage Responsive Genes in Circulating Leukocytes during Radiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112649. [PMID: 35681629 PMCID: PMC9179543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, the transcriptional response of a panel of radiation responsive genes was monitored over time in blood samples after radiation exposure in vivo. For this aim, cancer patients treated by radiotherapy were recruited after consent forms were obtained. Following the first fraction of radiotherapy, 2 mL blood samples were collected at different time points during the first 24h hours (before the second fraction was delivered) and at mid and end of treatment. Amongst the 9 genes studied, the gene FDXR stood out as the most sensitive and responsive to the low dose of radiation received from the localised radiation treatment by the circulating white blood cells. The activation of FDXR was found to depend on the volume of the body exposed with a peak of expression around 8–9 hours after irradiation was delivered. Finally results obtained ex vivo confirmed the results obtained in vivo. Abstract External beam radiation therapy leads to cellular activation of the DNA damage response (DDR). DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) activate the ATM/CHEK2/p53 pathway, inducing the transcription of stress genes. The dynamic nature of this transcriptional response has not been directly observed in vivo in humans. In this study we monitored the messenger RNA transcript abundances of nine DNA damage-responsive genes (CDKN1A, GADD45, CCNG1, FDXR, DDB2, MDM2, PHPT1, SESN1, and PUMA), eight of them regulated by p53 in circulating blood leukocytes at different time points (2, 6–8, 16–18, and 24 h) in cancer patients (lung, neck, brain, and pelvis) undergoing radiotherapy. We discovered that, although the calculated mean physical dose to the blood was very low (0.038–0.169 Gy), an upregulation of Ferredoxin reductase (FDXR) gene transcription was detectable 2 h after exposure and was dose dependent from the lowest irradiated percentage of the body (3.5% whole brain) to the highest, (up to 19.4%, pelvic zone) reaching a peak at 6–8 h. The radiation response of the other genes was not strong enough after such low doses to provide meaningful information. Following multiple fractions, the expression level increased further and was still significantly up-regulated by the end of the treatment. Moreover, we compared FDXR transcriptional responses to ionizing radiation (IR) in vivo with healthy donors’ blood cells exposed ex vivo and found a good correlation in the kinetics of expression from the 8-hours time-point onward, suggesting that a molecular transcriptional regulation mechanism yet to be identified is involved. To conclude, we provided the first in vivo human report of IR-induced gene transcription temporal response of a panel of p53-dependant genes. FDXR was demonstrated to be the most responsive gene, able to reliably inform on the low doses following partial body irradiation of the patients, and providing an expression pattern corresponding to the % of body exposed. An extended study would provide individual biological dosimetry information and may reveal inter-individual variability to predict radiotherapy-associated adverse health outcomes.
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22
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Fornalski KW, Adamowski Ł, Dobrzyński L, Jarmakiewicz R, Powojska A, Reszczyńska J. The radiation adaptive response and priming dose influence: the quantification of the Raper-Yonezawa effect and its three-parameter model for postradiation DNA lesions and mutations. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2022; 61:221-239. [PMID: 35150289 PMCID: PMC9021059 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00963-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The priming dose effect, called also the Raper-Yonezawa effect or simply the Yonezawa effect, is a special case of the radiation adaptive response phenomenon (radioadaptation), which refers to: (a) faster repair of direct DNA lesions (damage), and (b) DNA mutation frequency reduction after irradiation, by applying a small priming (conditioning) dose prior to the high detrimental (challenging) one. This effect is observed in many (but not all) radiobiological experiments which present the reduction of lesion, mutation or even mortality frequency of the irradiated cells or species. Additionally, the multi-parameter model created by Dr. Yonezawa and collaborators tried to explain it theoretically based on experimental data on the mortality of mice with chronic internal irradiation. The presented paper proposes a new theoretical approach to understanding and explaining the priming dose effect: it starts from the radiation adaptive response theory and moves to the three-parameter model, separately for two previously mentioned situations: creation of fast (lesions) and delayed damage (mutations). The proposed biophysical model was applied to experimental data-lesions in human lymphocytes and chromosomal inversions in mice-and was shown to be able to predict the Yonezawa effect for future investigations. It was also found that the strongest radioadaptation is correlated with the weakest cellular radiosensitivity. Additional discussions were focussed on more general situations where many small priming doses are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof W Fornalski
- National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), ul. A. Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock-Świerk, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Adamowski
- National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), ul. A. Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Ludwik Dobrzyński
- National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), ul. A. Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Rafał Jarmakiewicz
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Powojska
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Reszczyńska
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw (WUM), ul. T. Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
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Sampadi B, Mullenders LHF, Vrieling H. Low and high doses of ionizing radiation evoke discrete global (phospho)proteome responses. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 113:103305. [PMID: 35255311 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cancer risk is assumed to be linear with ionizing radiation (IR) dose, it is unclear to what extent low doses (LD) of IR from medical and occupational exposures pose a cancer risk for humans. Improved mechanistic understanding of the signaling responses to LD may help to clarify this uncertainty. Here, we performed quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics and phosphoproteomics experiments, using mouse embryonic stem cells, at 0.5 h and 4 h after exposure to LD (0.1 Gy) and high doses (HD; 1 Gy) of IR. RESULTS The proteome remained relatively stable (29; 0.5% proteins responded), whereas the phosphoproteome changed dynamically (819; 7% phosphosites changed) upon irradiation. Dose-dependent alterations of 25 IR-responsive proteins were identified, with only four in common between LD and HD. Mitochondrial metabolic proteins and pathways responded to LD, whereas transporter proteins and mitochondrial uncoupling pathways responded to HD. Congruently, mitochondrial respiration increased after LD exposure but decreased after HD exposure. While the bulk of the phosphoproteome response to LD (76%) occurred already at 0.5 h, an equivalent proportion of the phosphosites responded to HD at both time points. Motif, kinome/phosphatome, kinase-substrate, and pathway analyses revealed a robust DNA damage response (DDR) activation after HD exposure but not after LD exposure. Instead, LD-irradiation induced (de)phosphorylation of kinases, kinase-substrates and phosphatases that predominantly respond to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. CONCLUSION Our analyses identify discrete global proteome and phosphoproteome responses after LD and HD, uncovering novel proteins and protein (de)phosphorylation events involved in the dose-dependent ionizing radiation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Sampadi
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Leon H F Mullenders
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Harry Vrieling
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Biological dosimetry is an internationally recognized method for quantifying and estimating radiation dose following suspected or verified excessive exposure to ionising radiation. In severe radiation accidents where a large number of people are potentially affected, it is possible to distinguish irradiated from non-irradiated people in order to initiate appropriate medical care if necessary. In addition to severe incidents caused by technical failure, environmental disasters, military actions, or criminal abuse, there are also radiation accidents in which only one or a few individuals are affected in the frame of occupational or medical exposure. The requirements for biological dosimetry are fundamentally different for these two scenarios. In particular, for large-scale radiation accidents, pre-screening methods are necessary to increase the throughput of samples for a rough first-dose categorization. The rapid development and increasing use of omics methods in research as well as in individual applications provides new opportunities for biological dosimetry. In addition to the discovery and search for new biomarkers, dosimetry assays based on omics technologies are becoming increasingly interesting and hold great potential, especially for large-scale dosimetry. In the following review, the different areas of biological dosimetry, the problems in finding suitable biomarkers, the current status of biomarker research based on omics, the potential applications of assays using omics technologies, and also the limitations for the different areas of biological dosimetry are discussed.
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Ostheim P, Miederer M, Schreckenberger M, Nestler T, Hoffmann MA, Lassmann M, Eberlein U, Barsegian V, Rump A, Majewski M, Port M, Abend M. mRNA and small RNA gene expression changes in peripheral blood to detect internal Ra-223 exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:900-912. [PMID: 34882512 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1998705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Excretion analysis is the established method for detection of incorporated alpha-emitting radionuclides, but it is laborious and time consuming. We sought a simplified method in which changes in gene expression might be measured in human peripheral blood to detect incorporated radionuclides. Such an approach could be used to quickly determine internal exposure in instances of a radiological dispersal device or a radiation accident. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated whole blood samples from five patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and multiple bone metastases (without visceral or nodal involvement), who underwent treatment with the alpha emitting isotope Radium-223 dichloride (Ra-223, Xofigo®). Patients received about 4 MBq per cycle and, depending on survival and treatment tolerance, were followed for six months. We collected 24 blood samples approximately monthly corresponding to treatment cycle. RESULTS Firstly, we conducted whole genome screening of mRNAs (mRNA seq) and small RNAs (small RNA seq) using next generation sequencing in one patient at eight different time points during all six cycles of Ra-223-therapy. We identified 1900 mRNAs and 972 small RNAs (222 miRNAs) that were differentially up- or down-regulated during follow-up after the first treatment with Ra-223. Overall candidate RNA species inclusion criteria were a general (≥|2|-fold) change or with peaking profiles (≥|5|-fold) at specific points in time. Next we chose 72 candidate mRNAs and 101 small RNAs (comprising 29 miRNAs) for methodologic (n = 8 samples, one patient) and independent (n = 16 samples, four patients) validation by qRT-PCR. In total, 15 mRNAs (but no small RNAs) were validated by methodologic and independent testing. However, the deregulation occurred at different time points, showing a large inter-individual variability in response among patients. CONCLUSIONS This proof of concept provides support for the applicability of gene expression measurements to detect internalized alpha-emitting radionuclides, but further work is needed with a larger sample size. While our approach has merit for internal deposition monitoring, it was complicated by the severe clinical condition of the patients we studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Miederer
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mathias Schreckenberger
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tim Nestler
- Department of Urology, Federal Armed Services Hospital Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Manuela A Hoffmann
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Occupational Health & Safety, Federal Ministry of Defense, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Lassmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uta Eberlein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vahe Barsegian
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Helios Kliniken, Schwerin, Germany
| | - Alexis Rump
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Mattháus Majewski
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany.,Department of Urology, Armed Services Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
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Peroxiredoxin 6 Applied after Exposure Attenuates Damaging Effects of X-ray Radiation in 3T3 Mouse Fibroblasts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121951. [PMID: 34943054 PMCID: PMC8750386 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many different classes of antioxidants have been evaluated as radioprotectors, none of them are in widespread clinical use because of their low efficiency. The goal of our study was to evaluate the potential of the antioxidant protein peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) to increase the radioresistance of 3T3 fibroblasts when Prdx6 was applied after exposure to 6 Gy X-ray. In the present study, we analyzed the mRNA expression profiles of genes associated with proliferation, apoptosis, cellular stress, senescence, and the production of corresponding proteins from biological samples after exposure of 3T3 cells to X-ray radiation and application of Prdx6. Our results suggested that Prdx6 treatment normalized p53 and NF-κB/p65 expression, p21 levels, DNA repair-associated genes (XRCC4, XRCC5, H2AX, Apex1), TLR expression, cytokine production (TNF-α and IL-6), and apoptosis, as evidenced by decreased caspase 3 level in irradiated 3T3 cells. In addition, Prdx6 treatment reduced senescence, as evidenced by the decreased percentage of SA-β-Gal positive cells in cultured 3T3 fibroblasts. Importantly, the activity of the NRF2 gene, an important regulator of the antioxidant cellular machinery, was completely suppressed by irradiation but was restored by post-irradiation Prdx6 treatment. These data support the radioprotective therapeutic efficacy of Prdx6.
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27
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López JS, Pujol-Canadell M, Puig P, Ribas M, Carrasco P, Armengol G, Barquinero JF. Establishment and validation of surface model for biodosimetry based on γ-H2AX foci detection. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:1-10. [PMID: 34705602 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.1998706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the event of a radiation accident detecting γ-H2AX foci is being accepted as fast method for triage and dose assessment. However, due to their disappearance kinetics, published calibrations have been constructed at specific post-irradiation times. OBJECTIVES To develop a surface, or tridimensional, model to estimate doses at times not included in the calibration analysis, and to validate it. MATERIALS AND METHODS Calibration data was obtained irradiating peripheral mononucleated cells from one donor with radiation doses ranging from 0 to 3 Gy, and γ -H2AX foci were detected microscopically using a semi-automatic method, at different post-irradiation times from 0.5 to 24 h. For validation, in addition to the above-mentioned donor, blood samples from another donor were also used. Validation was done within the range of doses and post-irradiation times used in the calibration. RESULTS The calibration data clearly shows that at each analyzed time, the γ-H2AX foci frequency increases as dose increases, and for each dose this frequency decreases with post-irradiation time. The γ-H2AX foci nucleus distribution was clearly overdispersed, for this reason to obtain bidimensional and tridimensional dose-effect relationships no probability distribution was assumed, and linear and non-linear least squares weighted regression was used. In the two validation exercises for most evaluated samples, the 95% confidence limits of the estimated dose were between ±0.5 Gy of the real dose. No major differences were observed between donors. CONCLUSION In case of a suspected overexposure to radiation, the surface model here presented allows a correct dose estimation using γ-H2AX foci as biomarker. The advantage of this surface model is that it can be used at any post-irradiation time, in our model between 0.5 and 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S López
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mònica Pujol-Canadell
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pedro Puig
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ribas
- Servei de Radiofísica i Radioprotecció, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Carrasco
- Servei de Radiofísica i Radioprotecció, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Armengol
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joan F Barquinero
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Ostheim P, Amundson SA, Badie C, Bazyka D, Evans AC, Ghandhi SA, Gomolka M, López Riego M, Rogan PK, Terbrueggen R, Woloschak GE, Zenhausern F, Kaatsch HL, Schüle S, Ullmann R, Port M, Abend M. Gene expression for biodosimetry and effect prediction purposes: promises, pitfalls and future directions - key session ConRad 2021. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:843-854. [PMID: 34606416 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1987571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In a nuclear or radiological event, an early diagnostic or prognostic tool is needed to distinguish unexposed from low- and highly exposed individuals with the latter requiring early and intensive medical care. Radiation-induced gene expression (GE) changes observed within hours and days after irradiation have shown potential to serve as biomarkers for either dose reconstruction (retrospective dosimetry) or the prediction of consecutively occurring acute or chronic health effects. The advantage of GE markers lies in their capability for early (1-3 days after irradiation), high-throughput, and point-of-care (POC) diagnosis required for the prediction of the acute radiation syndrome (ARS). CONCLUSIONS As a key session of the ConRad conference in 2021, experts from different institutions were invited to provide state-of-the-art information on a range of topics including: (1) Biodosimetry: What are the current efforts to enhance the applicability of this method to perform retrospective biodosimetry? (2) Effect prediction: Can we apply radiation-induced GE changes for prediction of acute health effects as an approach, complementary to and integrating retrospective dose estimation? (3) High-throughput and point-of-care diagnostics: What are the current developments to make the GE approach applicable as a high-throughput as well as a POC diagnostic platform? (4) Low level radiation: What is the lowest dose range where GE can be used for biodosimetry purposes? (5) Methodological considerations: Different aspects of radiation-induced GE related to more detailed analysis of exons, transcripts and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Sally A Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), New York, NY, USA
| | - Christophe Badie
- PHE CRCE, Chilton, Didcot, Oxford, UK.,Environmental Research Group within the School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine at Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Dimitry Bazyka
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Angela C Evans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Shanaz A Ghandhi
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Gomolka
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz/Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Milagrosa López Riego
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter K Rogan
- Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,CytoGnomix Inc, London, Canada
| | | | - Gayle E Woloschak
- Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Center for Applied Nanobioscience and Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Hanns L Kaatsch
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Ullmann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
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29
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Amundson SA. Transcriptomics for radiation biodosimetry: progress and challenges. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 99:925-933. [PMID: 33970766 PMCID: PMC10026363 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1928784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transcriptomic-based approaches are being developed to meet the needs for large-scale radiation dose and injury assessment and provide population triage following a radiological or nuclear event. This review provides background and definition of the need for new biodosimetry approaches, and summarizes the major advances in this field. It discusses some of the major model systems used in gene signature development, and highlights some of the remaining challenges, including individual variation in gene expression, potential confounding factors, and accounting for the complexity of realistic exposure scenarios. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic approaches show great promise for both dose reconstruction and for prediction of individual radiological injury. However, further work will be needed to ensure that gene expression signatures will be robust and appropriate for their intended use in radiological or nuclear emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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30
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Constanzo J, Faget J, Ursino C, Badie C, Pouget JP. Radiation-Induced Immunity and Toxicities: The Versatility of the cGAS-STING Pathway. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680503. [PMID: 34079557 PMCID: PMC8165314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, radiation therapy (RT) entered the era of personalized medicine, following the striking improvements in radiation delivery and treatment planning optimization, and in the understanding of the cancer response, including the immunological response. The next challenge is to identify the optimal radiation regimen(s) to induce a clinically relevant anti-tumor immunity response. Organs at risks and the tumor microenvironment (e.g. endothelial cells, macrophages and fibroblasts) often limit the radiation regimen effects due to adverse toxicities. Here, we reviewed how RT can modulate the immune response involved in the tumor control and side effects associated with inflammatory processes. Moreover, we discussed the versatile roles of tumor microenvironment components during RT, how the innate immune sensing of RT-induced genotoxicity, through the cGAS-STING pathway, might link the anti-tumor immune response, radiation-induced necrosis and radiation-induced fibrosis, and how a better understanding of the switch between favorable and deleterious events might help to define innovative approaches to increase RT benefits in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Constanzo
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Faget
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Chiara Ursino
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical & Environmental Hazards Public Health England Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Pierre Pouget
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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31
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Inter-laboratory comparison of gene expression biodosimetry for protracted radiation exposures as part of the RENEB and EURADOS WG10 2019 exercise. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9756. [PMID: 33963206 PMCID: PMC8105310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88403-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale radiation emergency scenarios involving protracted low dose rate radiation exposure (e.g. a hidden radioactive source in a train) necessitate the development of high throughput methods for providing rapid individual dose estimates. During the RENEB (Running the European Network of Biodosimetry) 2019 exercise, four EDTA-blood samples were exposed to an Iridium-192 source (1.36 TBq, Tech-Ops 880 Sentinal) at varying distances and geometries. This resulted in protracted doses ranging between 0.2 and 2.4 Gy using dose rates of 1.5-40 mGy/min and exposure times of 1 or 2.5 h. Blood samples were exposed in thermo bottles that maintained temperatures between 39 and 27.7 °C. After exposure, EDTA-blood samples were transferred into PAXGene tubes to preserve RNA. RNA was isolated in one laboratory and aliquots of four blinded RNA were sent to another five teams for dose estimation based on gene expression changes. Using an X-ray machine, samples for two calibration curves (first: constant dose rate of 8.3 mGy/min and 0.5-8 h varying exposure times; second: varying dose rates of 0.5-8.3 mGy/min and 4 h exposure time) were generated for distribution. Assays were run in each laboratory according to locally established protocols using either a microarray platform (one team) or quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR, five teams). The qRT-PCR measurements were highly reproducible with coefficient of variation below 15% in ≥ 75% of measurements resulting in reported dose estimates ranging between 0 and 0.5 Gy in all samples and in all laboratories. Up to twofold reductions in RNA copy numbers per degree Celsius relative to 37 °C were observed. However, when irradiating independent samples equivalent to the blinded samples but increasing the combined exposure and incubation time to 4 h at 37 °C, expected gene expression changes corresponding to the absorbed doses were observed. Clearly, time and an optimal temperature of 37 °C must be allowed for the biological response to manifest as gene expression changes prior to running the gene expression assay. In conclusion, dose reconstructions based on gene expression measurements are highly reproducible across different techniques, protocols and laboratories. Even a radiation dose of 0.25 Gy protracted over 4 h (1 mGy/min) can be identified. These results demonstrate the importance of the incubation conditions and time span between radiation exposure and measurements of gene expression changes when using this method in a field exercise or real emergency situation.
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Ostheim P, Coker O, Schüle S, Hermann C, Combs SE, Trott KR, Atkinson M, Port M, Abend M. Identifying a Diagnostic Window for the Use of Gene Expression Profiling to Predict Acute Radiation Syndrome. Radiat Res 2021; 195:38-46. [PMID: 33181834 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00126.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the event of a mass casualty radiological or nuclear scenario, it is important to distinguish between the unexposed (worried well), low-dose exposed individuals and those developing the hematological acute radiation syndrome (HARS) within the first three days postirradiation. In previous baboon studies, we identified altered gene expression changes after irradiation, which were predictive for the later developing HARS severity. Similar changes in the expression of four of these genes were observed using an in vitro human whole blood model. However, these studies have provided only limited information on the time frame of the changes after exposure in relationship to the development of HARS. In this study we analyzed the time-dependent changes in mRNA expression after in vitro irradiation of whole blood. Changes in the expression of informative mRNAs (FDXR, DBB2, POU2AF1 and WNT3) were determined in the blood of eight healthy donors (6 males, 2 females) after irradiation at 0 (control), 0.5, 2 and 4 Gy using qRT-PCR. FDXR expression was significantly upregulated (P < 0.001) 4 h after ≥0.5 Gy irradiation, with an 18-40-fold peak attained 4-12 h postirradiation which remained elevated (4-9-fold) at 72 h. DDB2 expression was upregulated after 4 h (fold change, 5-8, P < 0.001 at ≥ 0.5 Gy) and remained upregulated (3-4-fold) until 72 h (P < 0.001). The earliest time points showing a significant downregulation of POU2AF1 and WNT3 were 4 h (fold change = 0.4, P = 0.001, at 4 Gy) and 8 h (fold change = 0.3-0.5, P < 0.001, 2-4 Gy), respectively. These results indicate that the diagnostic window for detecting HARS-predictive changes in gene expression may be opened as early as 2 h for most (75%) and at 4 h postirradiation for all individuals examined. Depending on the RNA species studied this may continue for at least three days postirradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Omoleye Coker
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelius Hermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleissheim, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Rüdiger Trott
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mike Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
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33
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Nasser F, Cruz-Garcia L, O'Brien G, Badie C. Role of blood derived cell fractions, temperature and sample transport on gene expression-based biological dosimetry. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:675-686. [PMID: 33826469 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1906464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE For triage purposes following a nuclear accident or a terrorist event, gene expression biomarkers in blood have been demonstrated to be good bioindicators of ionizing radiation (IR) exposure and can be used to assess the dose received by exposed individuals. Many IR-sensitive genes are regulated by the DNA damage response pathway, and modulators of this pathway could potentially affect their expression level and therefore alter accurate dose estimations. In the present study, we addressed the potential influence of temperature, sample transport conditions and the blood cell fraction analyzed on the transcriptional response of the following radiation-responsive genes: FDXR, CCNG1, MDM2, PHPT1, APOBEC3H, DDB2, SESN1, P21, PUMA, and GADD45. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole blood from healthy donors was exposed to a 2 Gy X-ray dose with a dose rate of 0.5 Gy/min (output 13 mA, 250 kV peak, 0.2 mA) and incubated for 24 h at either 37, 22, or 4 °C. For mimicking the effect of transport conditions at different temperatures, samples incubated at 37 °C for 24 h were kept at 37, 22 or 4 °C for another 24 h. Comparisons of biomarker responses to IR between white blood cells (WBCs), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and whole blood were carried out after a 2 Gy X-ray exposure and incubation at 37 °C for 24 hours. RESULTS Hypothermic conditions (22 or 4 °C) following irradiation drastically inhibited transcriptional responses to IR exposure. However, sample shipment at different temperatures did not affect gene expression level except for SESN1. The transcriptional response to IR of specific genes depended on the cell fraction used, apart from FDXR, CCNG1, and SESN1. CONCLUSION In conclusion, temperature during the incubation period and cell fraction but not the storing conditions during transport can influence the transcriptional response of specific genes. However, FDXR and CCNG1 showed a consistent response under all the different conditions tested demonstrating their reliability as individual biological dosimetry biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Nasser
- Radiation Effects Department, Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical & Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lourdes Cruz-Garcia
- Radiation Effects Department, Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical & Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Grainne O'Brien
- Radiation Effects Department, Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical & Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Badie
- Radiation Effects Department, Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical & Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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34
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Li Y, Singh J, Varghese R, Zhang Y, Fatanmi OO, Cheema AK, Singh VK. Transcriptome of rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) exposed to total-body irradiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6295. [PMID: 33737626 PMCID: PMC7973550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of biodosimetry has seen a paradigm shift towards an increased use of molecular phenotyping technologies including omics and miRNA, in addition to conventional cytogenetic techniques. Here, we have used a nonhuman primate (NHP) model to study the impact of gamma-irradiation on alterations in blood-based gene expression. With a goal to delineate radiation induced changes in gene expression, we followed eight NHPs for 60 days after exposure to 6.5 Gy gamma-radiation for survival outcomes. Analysis of differential gene expression in response to radiation exposure yielded 26,944 dysregulated genes that were not significantly impacted by sex. Further analysis showed an increased association of several pathways including IL-3 signaling, ephrin receptor signaling, ErbB signaling, nitric oxide signaling in the cardiovascular system, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and inflammasome pathway, which were associated with positive survival outcomes in NHPs after acute exposure to radiation. This study provides novel insights into major pathways and networks involved in radiation-induced injuries that may identify biomarkers for radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine "America's Medical School", Uniformed Serices University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rency Varghese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Oluseyi O Fatanmi
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine "America's Medical School", Uniformed Serices University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine "America's Medical School", Uniformed Serices University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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35
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Ostheim P, Don Mallawaratchy A, Müller T, Schüle S, Hermann C, Popp T, Eder S, Combs SE, Port M, Abend M. Acute radiation syndrome-related gene expression in irradiated peripheral blood cell populations. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:474-484. [PMID: 33476246 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1876953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In a nuclear or radiological event, an early diagnostic tool is needed to distinguish the worried well from those individuals who may later develop life-threatenFing hematologic acute radiation syndrome. We examined the contribution of the peripheral blood's cell populations on radiation-induced gene expression (GE) changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS EDTA-whole-blood from six healthy donors was X-irradiated with 0 and 4Gy and T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, NK-cells and granulocytes were separated using immunomagnetic methods. GE were examined in cell populations and whole blood. RESULTS The cell populations contributed to the total RNA amount with a ratio of 11.6 for T-lymphocytes, 1.2 for B-cells, 1.2 for NK-cells, 1.0 for granulocytes. To estimate the contribution of GE per cell population, the baseline (0Gy) and the radiation-induced fold-change in GE relative to unexposed was considered for each gene. The T-lymphocytes (74.8%/80.5%) contributed predominantly to the radiation-induced up-regulation observed for FDXR/DDB2 and the B-lymphocytes (97.1%/83.8%) for down-regulated POU2AF1/WNT3 with a similar effect on whole blood gene expression measurements reflecting a corresponding order of magnitude. CONCLUSIONS T- and B-lymphocytes contributed predominantly to the radiation-induced up-regulation of FDXR/DDB2 and down-regulation of POU2AF1/WNT3. This study underlines the use of FDXR/DDB2 for biodosimetry purposes and POU2AF1/WNT3 for effect prediction of acute health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Müller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelius Hermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Popp
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Eder
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
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36
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Cruz-Garcia L, O’Brien G, Sipos B, Mayes S, Tichý A, Sirák I, Davídková M, Marková M, Turner DJ, Badie C. In Vivo Validation of Alternative FDXR Transcripts in Human Blood in Response to Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217851. [PMID: 33113898 PMCID: PMC7660203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Following cell stress such as ionising radiation (IR) exposure, multiple cellular pathways are activated. We recently demonstrated that ferredoxin reductase (FDXR) has a remarkable IR-induced transcriptional responsiveness in blood. Here, we provided a first comprehensive FDXR variant profile following DNA damage. First, specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) primers were designed to establish dose-responses for eight curated FDXR variants, all up-regulated after IR in a dose-dependent manner. The potential role of gender on the expression of these variants was tested, and neither the variants response to IR nor the background level of expression was profoundly affected; moreover, in vitro induction of inflammation temporarily counteracted IR response early after exposure. Importantly, transcriptional up-regulation of these variants was further confirmed in vivo in blood of radiotherapy patients. Full-length nanopore sequencing was performed to identify other FDXR variants and revealed the high responsiveness of FDXR-201 and FDXR-208. Moreover, FDXR-218 and FDXR-219 showed no detectable endogenous expression, but a clear detection after IR. Overall, we characterised 14 FDXR transcript variants and identified for the first time their response to DNA damage in vivo. Future studies are required to unravel the function of these splicing variants, but they already represent a new class of radiation exposure biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Cruz-Garcia
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical & Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK; (L.C.-G.); (G.O.)
| | - Grainne O’Brien
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical & Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK; (L.C.-G.); (G.O.)
| | - Botond Sipos
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Gosling Building, Edmund Halley Way, Oxford OX4 4DQ, UK; (B.S.); (S.M.); (D.J.T.)
| | - Simon Mayes
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Gosling Building, Edmund Halley Way, Oxford OX4 4DQ, UK; (B.S.); (S.M.); (D.J.T.)
| | - Aleš Tichý
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, 500 01 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
- Biomedical Research Centre, Hradec Králové University Hospital, 500 01 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Sirák
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy and 4th Department of Internal Medicine—Hematology, University Hospital, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Marie Davídková
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic;
| | - Markéta Marková
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 128 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic;
| | - Daniel J. Turner
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Gosling Building, Edmund Halley Way, Oxford OX4 4DQ, UK; (B.S.); (S.M.); (D.J.T.)
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical & Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK; (L.C.-G.); (G.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1235-825-088; Fax: +44-(0)1235-833-891
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Biolatti V, Negrin L, Bellora N, Ibañez IL. High-throughput meta-analysis and validation of differentially expressed genes as potential biomarkers of ionizing radiation-response. Radiother Oncol 2020; 154:21-28. [PMID: 32931891 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The high-throughput analysis of gene expression in ionizing radiation (IR)-exposed human peripheral white blood cells (WBC) has emerged as a novel method for biodosimetry markers detection. We aimed to detect IR-exposure differential expressed genes (DEGs) as potential predictive biomarkers for biodosimetry and radioinduced-response. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of raw data from public microarrays of ex vivo low linear energy transfer-irradiated human peripheral WBC. Functional enrichment and transcription factors (TF) detection from resulting DEGs were assessed. Six selected DEGs among studies were validated by qRT-PCR on mRNA from human peripheral blood samples from nine healthy human donors 24 h after ex vivo X-rays-irradiation. RESULTS We identified 275 DEGs after IR-exposure (parameters: |lfc| ≥ 0.7, q value <0.05), enriched in processes such as regulation after IR-exposure, DNA damage checkpoint, signal transduction by p53 and mitotic cell cycle checkpoint. Among these DEGs, DRAM1, NUDT15, PCNA, PLK2 and TIGAR were selected for qRT-PCR validation. Their expression levels significantly increased at 1-4 Gy respect to non-irradiated controls. Particularly, PCNA increased dose dependently. Curiously, TCF4 (Entrez Gene: 6925), detected as overrepresented TF in the radioinduced DEGs set, significantly decreased post-irradiation. CONCLUSION These six DEGs show potential to be proposed as candidates for IR-exposure biomarkers, considering their observed molecular radioinduced-response. Among them, TCF4, bioinformatically detected, was validated herein as an IR-responsive gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Biolatti
- National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Bariloche Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy Integral Center - Institute of Nuclear Technologies for Health Foundation (INTECNUS); Laboratory of Radiobiology and Biodosimetry, S.C. de Bariloche, Argentina.
| | - Lara Negrin
- National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Bariloche Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy Integral Center - Institute of Nuclear Technologies for Health Foundation (INTECNUS); Laboratory of Radiobiology and Biodosimetry, S.C. de Bariloche, Argentina.
| | - Nicolás Bellora
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Technical Center CONICET - North Patagonia, Patagonian Andean Institute of Biological and Geo-Environmental Technologies (IPATEC), S.C. de Bariloche, Argentina.
| | - Irene L Ibañez
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Institute of Nanocience and Nanotechnology (INN), Constituyentes Node (C1425FQB), CABA, Argentina; National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Constituyentes Atomic Center, Research and Applications Management, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Visweswaran S, Joseph S, Dhanasekaran J, Paneerselvam S, Annalakshmi O, Jose MT, Perumal V. Exposure of patients to low doses of X-radiation during neuro-interventional imaging and procedures: Dose estimation and analysis of γ-H2AX foci and gene expression in blood lymphocytes. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 856-857:503237. [PMID: 32928370 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Radiation has widespread applications in medicine. However, despite the benefits of medical radiation exposures, adverse long-term health effects are cause for concern. Protein and gene biomarkers are early indicators of cellular response after low-dose exposure. We examined DNA damage by quantifying γ-H2AX foci and expression of twelve candidate genes in the blood lymphocytes of patients exposed to low doses of X-radiation during neuro-interventional procedures. Entrance surface dose (ESD; 10.92-1062.55 mGy) was measured by thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD). Absorbed dose was estimated using γ-H2AX focus frequency and gene expression, with in vitro dose-response curves generated for the same biomarkers. γ-H2AX foci in post-exposure samples were significantly higher than in pre-exposure samples. Among the genes analysed, FDXR, ATM, BCL2, MDM2, TNFSF9, and PCNA showed increased expression; CDKN1A, DDB2, SESN1, BAX, and TNFRSF10B showed unchanged or decreased expression. Absorbed dose, estimated based on γ-H2AX focus frequency and gene expression changes, did not show any correlation with measured ESD. Patients undergoing interventional procedures receive considerable radiation doses, resulting in DNA damage and altered gene expression. Medical procedures should be carried out using the lowest radiation doses possible without compromising treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangamithra Visweswaran
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - Santhosh Joseph
- Department of Neuro-Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - Jagadeesan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Neuro-Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - S Paneerselvam
- Department of Neuro-Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - O Annalakshmi
- Radiation Safety Division Unit, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M T Jose
- Radiation Safety Division Unit, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatachalam Perumal
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600116, India.
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Bryant J, White L, Coen N, Shields L, McClean B, Meade AD, Lyng FM, Howe O. MicroRNA Analysis of ATM-Deficient Cells Indicate PTEN and CCDN1 as Potential Biomarkers of Radiation Response. Radiat Res 2020; 193:520-530. [PMID: 32216710 DOI: 10.1667/rr15462.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic profile changes associated with individual radiation sensitivity are well documented and have led to enhanced understanding of the mechanisms of the radiation-induced DNA damage response. However, the search continues to identify reliable biomarkers of individual radiation sensitivity. Herein, we report on a multi-biomarker approach using traditional cytogenetic biomarkers, DNA damage biomarkers and transcriptional microRNA (miR) biomarkers coupled with their potential gene targets to identify radiosensitivity in ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-deficient lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL); ATM-proficient cell lines were used as controls. Cells were 0.05 and 0.5 Gy irradiated, using a linear accelerator, with sham-irradiated cells as controls. At 1 h postirradiation, cells were fixed for γ-H2AX analysis as a measurement of DNA damage, and cytogenetic analysis using the G2 chromosomal sensitivity assay, G-banding and FISH techniques. RNA was also isolated for genetic profiling by microRNA (miR) and RT-PCR analysis. A panel of 752 miR were analyzed, and potential target genes, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and cyclin D1 (CCND1), were measured. The cytogenetic assays revealed that although the control cell line had functional cell cycle checkpoints, the radiosensitivity of the control and AT cell lines were similar. Analysis of DNA damage in all cell lines, including an additional control cell line, showed elevated γ-H2AX levels for only one AT cell line. Of the 752 miR analyzed, eight miR were upregulated, and six miR were downregulated in the AT cells compared to the control. Upregulated miR-152-3p, miR-24-5p and miR-92-15p and all downregulated miR were indicated as modulators of PTEN and CCDN1. Further measurement of both genes validated their potential role as radiation-response biomarkers. The multi-biomarker approach not only revealed potential candidates for radiation response, but provided additional mechanistic insights into the response in AT-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Bryant
- Radiation and Environmental Science Centre (RESC), FOCAS Research Institute
| | - Lisa White
- Radiation and Environmental Science Centre (RESC), FOCAS Research Institute.,School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Natasha Coen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Division of Cytogenetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Laura Shields
- Medical Physics Department, St Luke's Radiation Oncology Centre, Rathgar, Dublin 6, Ireland
| | - Brendan McClean
- Medical Physics Department, St Luke's Radiation Oncology Centre, Rathgar, Dublin 6, Ireland
| | - Aidan D Meade
- Radiation and Environmental Science Centre (RESC), FOCAS Research Institute.,School of Physics & Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Fiona M Lyng
- Radiation and Environmental Science Centre (RESC), FOCAS Research Institute.,School of Physics & Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Orla Howe
- Radiation and Environmental Science Centre (RESC), FOCAS Research Institute.,School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Wang Q, Lee Y, Shuryak I, Pujol Canadell M, Taveras M, Perrier JR, Bacon BA, Rodrigues MA, Kowalski R, Capaccio C, Brenner DJ, Turner HC. Development of the FAST-DOSE assay system for high-throughput biodosimetry and radiation triage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12716. [PMID: 32728041 PMCID: PMC7392759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a large-scale radiological incident, there is a need for FDA-approved biodosimetry devices and biomarkers with the ability to rapidly determine past radiation exposure with sufficient accuracy for early population triage and medical management. Towards this goal, we have developed FAST-DOSE (Fluorescent Automated Screening Tool for Dosimetry), an immunofluorescent, biomarker-based system designed to reconstruct absorbed radiation dose in peripheral blood samples collected from potentially exposed individuals. The objective of this study was to examine the performance of the FAST-DOSE assay system to quantify intracellular protein changes in blood leukocytes for early biodosimetry triage from humanized NOD-scid-gamma (Hu-NSG) mice and non-human primates (NHPs) exposed to ionizing radiation up to 8 days after radiation exposure. In the Hu-NSG mice studies, the FAST-DOSE biomarker panel was able to generate delivered dose estimates at days 1, 2 and 3 post exposure, whereas in the NHP studies, the biomarker panel was able to successfully classify samples by dose categories below or above 2 Gy up to 8 days after total body exposure. These results suggest that the FAST-DOSE bioassay has large potential as a useful diagnostic tool for rapid and reliable screening of potentially exposed individuals to aid early triage decisions within the first week post-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Younghyun Lee
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Monica Pujol Canadell
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Maria Taveras
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jay R Perrier
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- ASELL, LLC, Owings Mills, MD, 21117, USA
| | - Bezalel A Bacon
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Helen C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Kaatsch HL, Majewski M, Schrock G, Obermair R, Seidel J, Nestler K, Abend M, Waldeck S, Port M, Ullmann R, Becker BV. CT Irradiation-induced Changes of Gene Expression within Peripheral Blood Cells. HEALTH PHYSICS 2020; 119:44-51. [PMID: 32167501 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is a crucial element of medical imaging diagnostics. The widespread application of this technology has made CT one of the major contributors to medical radiation burden, despite the fact that doses per individual CT scan steadily decrease due to the advancement of technology. Epidemiological risk assessment of CT exposure is hampered by the fact that moderate adverse effects triggered by low doses of CT exposure are likely masked by statistical fluctuations. In light of these limitations, there is need of further insights into the biological processes induced by CT scans to complement the existing knowledge base of risk assessment. This prompted us to investigate the early transcriptomic response of ex vivo irradiated peripheral blood of three healthy individuals. Samples were irradiated employing a modern dual-source-CT-scanner with a tube voltage of 150 kV, resulting in an estimated effective dose of 9.6 mSv. RNA was isolated 1 h and 6 h after exposure, respectively, and subsequently analyzed by RNA deep sequencing. Differential gene expression analysis revealed shared upregulation of AEN, FDXR, and DDB2 6 h after exposure in all three probands. All three genes have previously been discussed as radiation responsive genes and have already been implicated in DNA damage response and cell cycle control after DNA damage. In summary, we substantiated the usefulness of AEN, FDXR, and DDB2 as RNA markers of low dose irradiation. Moreover, the upregulation of genes associated with DNA damage reminds one of the genotoxic nature of CT diagnostics even with the low doses currently applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanns Leonhard Kaatsch
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthäus Majewski
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerrit Schrock
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Richard Obermair
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Jillyen Seidel
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Nestler
- Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Department of Radiology, Rübenacher Straße 170, 56072 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Waldeck
- Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Department of Radiology, Rübenacher Straße 170, 56072 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Ullmann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Valentin Becker
- Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Department of Radiology, Rübenacher Straße 170, 56072 Koblenz, Germany
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Frey B, Mika J, Jelonek K, Cruz-Garcia L, Roelants C, Testard I, Cherradi N, Lumniczky K, Polozov S, Napieralska A, Widlak P, Gaipl US, Badie C, Polanska J, Candéias SM. Systemic modulation of stress and immune parameters in patients treated for prostate adenocarcinoma by intensity-modulated radiation therapy or stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy. Strahlenther Onkol 2020; 196:1018-1033. [PMID: 32519025 PMCID: PMC7581573 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-020-01637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background In this exploratory study, the impact of local irradiation on systemic changes in stress and immune parameters was investigated in eight patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) for prostate adenocarcinoma to gain deeper insights into how radiotherapy (RT) modulates the immune system. Patients and methods RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, metabolomics, and antibody arrays were used to monitor a panel of stress- and immune-related parameters before RT, after the first fraction (SABR) or the first week of treatment (IMRT), after the last fraction, and 3 weeks later in the blood of IMRT (N = 4) or SABR (N = 4) patients. Effect size analysis was used for comparison of results at different timepoints. Results Several parameters were found to be differentially modulated in IMRT and SABR patients: the expression of TGFB1, IL1B, and CCL3 genes; the expression of HLA-DR on circulating monocytes; the abundance and ratio of phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine metabolites in plasma. More immune modulators in plasma were modulated during IMRT than SABR, with only two common proteins, namely GDF-15 and Tim‑3. Conclusion Locally delivered RT induces systemic modulation of the immune system in prostate adenocarcinoma patients. IMRT and SABR appear to specifically affect distinct immune components. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00066-020-01637-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - J Mika
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - K Jelonek
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - L Cruz-Garcia
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Cancers Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Public Health England, Chilton, OX11 ORQ, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - I Testard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM-UMR5249, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - N Cherradi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, IRIG-BCI-UMR_S1036, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - K Lumniczky
- National Public Health Center, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Polozov
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Cancers Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Public Health England, Chilton, OX11 ORQ, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
- HQ Science Limited, 5 The Quay, PE27 5AR, St. Ives, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - A Napieralska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - P Widlak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - U S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - C Badie
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Cancers Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Public Health England, Chilton, OX11 ORQ, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - J Polanska
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - S M Candéias
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM-UMR5249, 38054, Grenoble, France.
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Attia AMM, Aboulthana WM, Hassan GM, Aboelezz E. Assessment of absorbed dose of gamma rays using the simultaneous determination of inactive hemoglobin derivatives as a biological dosimeter. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:131-144. [PMID: 31734721 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-019-00821-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological dosimetry based on sulfhemoglobin (SHb), methemoglobin (MetHb), and carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) levels was evaluated. SHb, MetHb and HbCO levels were estimated in erythrocytes of mice irradiated by γ rays from a 60Co source using the method of multi-component spectrophotometric analysis developed recently. In this method, absorption measurements of diluted aqueous Hb-solution were made at λ = 500, 569, 577 and 620 nm, and using the mathematical formulas based on multi-component spectrophotometric analysis and the mathematical Gaussian elimination method for matrix calculation, the concentrations of various Hb-derivatives and total Hb in mice blood were estimated. The dose range of γ rays was from 0.5 to 8 Gy and the dose rate was 0.5 Gy min-1. Among all Hb-derivatives, MetHb, SHb and HbCO demonstrated an unambiguous dose-dependent response. For SHb and MetHb, the detection limits were about 0.5 Gy and 1 Gy, respectively. After irradiation, high levels of MetHb, SHb and HbCO persisted for at least 10 days, and the maximal increase of MetHb, SHb and HbCO occurred up to 24 h following γ irradiation. The use of this "MetHb + SHb + HbCO"-derivatives-based absorbed dose relationship showed a high accuracy. It is concluded that simultaneous determination of MetHb, SHb and HbCO, by multi-component spectrophotometry provides a quick, simple, sensitive, accurate, stable and inexpensive biological indicator for the early assessment of the absorbed dose in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M M Attia
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - W M Aboulthana
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - G M Hassan
- Division of Thermometry and Ionizing Radiation Metrology, Department of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, National Institute of Standards, Giza, Egypt.
| | - E Aboelezz
- Division of Thermometry and Ionizing Radiation Metrology, Department of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, National Institute of Standards, Giza, Egypt
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Kultova G, Tichy A, Rehulkova H, Myslivcova-Fucikova A. The hunt for radiation biomarkers: current situation. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:370-382. [PMID: 31829779 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1704909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The possibility of a large-scale acute radiation exposure necessitates the development of new methods that could provide a rapid assessment of the doses received by individuals using high-throughput technologies. There is also a great interest in developing new biomarkers of dose exposure, which could be used in large molecular epidemiological studies in order to correlate estimated doses received and health effects. The goal of this review was to summarize current literature focused on biological dosimetry, namely radiation-responsive biomarkers.Methods: The studies involved in this review were thoroughly selected according to the determined criteria and PRISMA guidelines.Results: We described briefly recent advances in radiation genomics and metabolomics, giving particular emphasis to proteomic analysis. The majority of studies were performed on animal models (rats, mice, and non-human primates). They have provided much beneficial information, but the most relevant tests have been done on human (oncological) patients. By inspecting the radiaiton biodosimetry literate of the last 10 years, we identified a panel of candidate markers for each -omic approach involved.Conslusions: We reviewed different methodological approaches and various biological materials, which can be exploited for dose-effect prediction. The protein biomarkers from human plasma are ideal for this specific purpose. From a plethora of candidate markers, FDXR is a very promising transcriptomic candidate, and importantly this biomarker was also confirmed by some studies at protein level in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kultova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Tichy
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Rehulkova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Myslivcova-Fucikova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Yamaguchi M, Nishida T, Sato Y, Nakai Y, Kashiwakura I. Identification of Radiation-Dose-Dependent Expressive Genes in Individuals Exposed to External Ionizing Radiation. Radiat Res 2020; 193:274-285. [DOI: 10.1667/rr15532.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Yamaguchi
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Teruki Nishida
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakai
- Institute of Regional Innovation, Section of Food Sciences, Laboratory of Foods, Hirosaki University, Aomori 038-0012, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kashiwakura
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan
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Polozov S, Cruz-Garcia L, Badie C. RAPID GENE EXPRESSION BASED DOSE ESTIMATION FOR RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCIES. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 186:24-30. [PMID: 31137037 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression (GE) assays have shown great potential for rapid individual radiation dose exposure assessment. The aim of the present study was to optimise GE-based biological dosimetry protocols for radiological emergencies. Experiments were carried out to validate a newly developed protocol (P2) where several steps were optimised and to compare it with the current validated protocol in place in our laboratory (P1). Several donor blood samples from were exposed ex vivo to of the following doses: 0, 0.5, 1, 2 Gy X-rays. Concomitant measurement of transcription level of genes FDXR, P21, PHPT1, CCNG1 and SESN1 plus HPRT (control) was performed. To summarise, both protocols provided similar dose estimates, P1 being completed in 7 hours while P2 in merely 4 hours. Thus, a significant time shortening was achieved leading to a potential increase of throughput capacity. Hence, this new protocol can be recommended for mass radiation casualties triage purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Polozov
- Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Didcot OX11 ORQ, UK
| | - Lourdes Cruz-Garcia
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Didcot OX11 ORQ, UK
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Didcot OX11 ORQ, UK
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Impact of ATM and DNA-PK Inhibition on Gene Expression and Individual Response of Human Lymphocytes to Mixed Beams of Alpha Particles and X-Rays. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122013. [PMID: 31847107 PMCID: PMC6966634 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a synergistic effect in cells simultaneously exposed to different types of clustered and dispersed DNA damage. We aimed to analyse the effect of mixed beams of alpha particles and X-rays (1:1 dose of each) on DNA damage response genes in human peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from four donors. Two donors were compared upon inhibition of ATM or DNA-PK and at different sampling times. qPCR was used to measure mRNA levels of FDXR, GADD45A, BBC3, MDM2, CDKN1A, and XPC 24 h following exposure. Generally, alpha particles and mixed beams were stronger inducers of gene expression compared to X-rays, displaying saturated versus linear dose–response curves, respectively. Three out of four donors responded synergistically to mixed beams. When two donors were sampled again one year later, the former additive effect in one donor was now synergistic and no significant difference in intrinsic radiosensitivity was displayed, as determined by gamma-radiation-induced micronuclei. ATM, but not DNA-PK inhibition, reduced the radiation-induced gene expression, but differently for alpha radiation between the two donors. In conclusion, synergy was present for all donors, but the results suggest individual variability in the response to mixed beams, most likely due to lifestyle changes.
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Cruz-Garcia L, O'Brien G, Sipos B, Mayes S, Love MI, Turner DJ, Badie C. Generation of a Transcriptional Radiation Exposure Signature in Human Blood Using Long-Read Nanopore Sequencing. Radiat Res 2019; 193:143-154. [PMID: 31829904 DOI: 10.1667/rr15476.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the event of a large-scale event leading to acute ionizing radiation exposure, high-throughput methods would be required to assess individual dose estimates for triage purposes. Blood-based gene expression is a broad source of biomarkers of radiation exposure which have great potential for providing rapid dose estimates for a large population. Time is a crucial component in radiological emergencies and the shipment of blood samples to relevant laboratories presents a concern. In this study, we performed nanopore sequencing analysis to determine if the technology can be used to detect radiation-inducible genes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The technology offers not only long-read sequencing but also a portable device which can overcome issues involving sample shipment, and provide faster results. For this goal, blood from nine healthy volunteers was 2 Gy ex vivo X irradiated. After PBMC isolation, irradiated samples were incubated along with the controls for 24 h at 37°C. RNA was extracted, poly(A)+ enriched and reverse-transcribed before sequencing. The data generated was analyzed using a Snakemake pipeline modified to handle paired samples. The sequencing analysis identified a radiation signature consisting of 46 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) which included 41 protein-coding genes, a long non-coding RNA and four pseudogenes, five of which have been identified as radiation-responsive transcripts for the first time. The genes in which transcriptional expression is most significantly modified after radiation exposure were APOBEC3H and FDXR, presenting a 25- and 28-fold change on average, respectively. These levels of transcriptional response were comparable to results we obtained by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. In vivo exposure analyses showed a transcriptional radioresponse at 24 h postirradiation for both genes together with a strong dose-dependent response in blood irradiated ex vivo. Finally, extrapolating from the data we obtained, the minimum sequencing time required to detect an irradiated sample using APOBEC3H transcripts would be less than 3 min for a total of 50,000 reads. Future improvements, in sample processing and bioinformatic pipeline for specific radiation-responsive transcript identification, will allow the provision of a portable, rapid, real-time biodosimetry platform based on this new sequencing technology. In summary, our data show that nanopore sequencing can identify radiation-responsive genes and can also be used for identification of new transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Cruz-Garcia
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Public Health England Chilton, Didcot, OX11 ORQ United Kingdom
| | - Grainne O'Brien
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Public Health England Chilton, Didcot, OX11 ORQ United Kingdom
| | - Botond Sipos
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies, OX4 4DQ, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Mayes
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies, OX4 4DQ, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael I Love
- Departments of Biostatistics.,Departments of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27516
| | - Daniel J Turner
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies, OX4 4DQ, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Public Health England Chilton, Didcot, OX11 ORQ United Kingdom
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Palumbo E, Piotto C, Calura E, Fasanaro E, Groff E, Busato F, El Khouzai B, Rigo M, Baggio L, Romualdi C, Zafiropoulos D, Russo A, Mognato M, Corti L. Individual Radiosensitivity in Oncological Patients: Linking Adverse Normal Tissue Reactions and Genetic Features. Front Oncol 2019; 9:987. [PMID: 31632918 PMCID: PMC6779824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adverse effects of radiotherapy (RT) significantly affect patient's quality of life (QOL). The possibility to identify patient-related factors that are associated with individual radiosensitivity would optimize adjuvant RT treatment, limiting the severity of normal tissue reactions, and improving patient's QOL. In this study, we analyzed the relationships between genetic features and toxicity grading manifested by RT patients looking for possible biomarkers of individual radiosensitivity. Methods: Early radiation toxicity was evaluated on 143 oncological patients according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). An individual radiosensitivity (IRS) index defining four classes of radiosensitivity (highly radiosensitive, radiosensitive, normal, and radioresistant) was determined by a G2-chromosomal assay on ex vivo irradiated, patient-derived blood samples. The expression level of 15 radioresponsive genes has been measured by quantitative real-time PCR at 24 h after the first RT fraction, in blood samples of a subset of 57 patients, representing the four IRS classes. Results: By applying univariate and multivariate statistical analyses, we found that fatigue was significantly associated with IRS index. Interestingly, associations were detected between clinical radiation toxicity and gene expression (ATM, CDKN1A, FDXR, SESN1, XPC, ZMAT3, and BCL2/BAX ratio) and between IRS index and gene expression (BBC3, FDXR, GADD45A, and BCL2/BAX). Conclusions: In this prospective cohort study we found that associations exist between normal tissue reactions and genetic features in RT-treated patients. Overall, our findings can contribute to the identification of biological markers to predict RT toxicity in normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Palumbo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Celeste Piotto
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Enrica Calura
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Fasanaro
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Groff
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Busato
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Badr El Khouzai
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Michele Rigo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Baggio
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Demetre Zafiropoulos
- National Laboratories of Legnaro, Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (LNL-INFN), Padua, Italy
| | - Antonella Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Corti
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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