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Sandulovici RC, Gălăţanu ML, Cima LM, Panus E, Truţă E, Mihăilescu CM, Sârbu I, Cord D, Rîmbu MC, Anghelache ŞA, Panţuroiu M. Phytochemical Characterization, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activity of the Vegetative Buds from Romanian Spruce, Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. Molecules 2024; 29:2128. [PMID: 38731619 PMCID: PMC11085860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the vegetative buds from Picea abies (spruce), naturally found in a central region of Romania, through a comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition to identify bioactive compounds responsible for pharmacological properties. Using HPLC/derivatization technique of GC-MS and quantitative spectrophotometric assays, the phenolic profile, and main components of an ethanolic extract from the buds were investigated. The essential oil was characterized by GC-MS. Moreover, the antioxidant activity with the DPPH method, and the antimicrobial activity were tested. Heavy metal detection was performed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The main components of the alcoholic extract were astragalin, quercetin, kaempferol, shikimic acid, and quinic acid. A total content of 25.32 ± 2.65 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry plant (mg GAE/g DW) and of 10.54 ± 0.083 mg rutin equivalents/g of dry plant (mg RE/g DW) were found. The essential oil had D-limonene, α-cadinol, δ-cadinene, 13-epimanool, and δ-3-carene as predominant components. The spruce vegetative buds exhibited significant antioxidant activity (IC50 of 53 μg/mL) and antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, concentrations of heavy metals Pb and Cd were below detection limits, suggesting that the material was free from potentially harmful contaminants. The results confirmed the potential of this indigenous species to be used as a source of compounds with pharmacological utilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Colette Sandulovici
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, 16 Sincai, Boulevard, 040314 Bucharest, Romania or (R.C.S.); (L.M.C.); (E.T.); (C.M.M.); (I.S.); (D.C.); (M.C.R.); (Ş.A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Mona Luciana Gălăţanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, 16 Sincai, Boulevard, 040314 Bucharest, Romania or (R.C.S.); (L.M.C.); (E.T.); (C.M.M.); (I.S.); (D.C.); (M.C.R.); (Ş.A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Luiza Mădălina Cima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, 16 Sincai, Boulevard, 040314 Bucharest, Romania or (R.C.S.); (L.M.C.); (E.T.); (C.M.M.); (I.S.); (D.C.); (M.C.R.); (Ş.A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Emilia Panus
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Public Health Constanta, 900587 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Elena Truţă
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, 16 Sincai, Boulevard, 040314 Bucharest, Romania or (R.C.S.); (L.M.C.); (E.T.); (C.M.M.); (I.S.); (D.C.); (M.C.R.); (Ş.A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Carmen Marinela Mihăilescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, 16 Sincai, Boulevard, 040314 Bucharest, Romania or (R.C.S.); (L.M.C.); (E.T.); (C.M.M.); (I.S.); (D.C.); (M.C.R.); (Ş.A.A.); (M.P.)
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, 126A. Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 72996 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulian Sârbu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, 16 Sincai, Boulevard, 040314 Bucharest, Romania or (R.C.S.); (L.M.C.); (E.T.); (C.M.M.); (I.S.); (D.C.); (M.C.R.); (Ş.A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Daniel Cord
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, 16 Sincai, Boulevard, 040314 Bucharest, Romania or (R.C.S.); (L.M.C.); (E.T.); (C.M.M.); (I.S.); (D.C.); (M.C.R.); (Ş.A.A.); (M.P.)
- National Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices of Romania, Stefan Sanatescu Street 48, 011478 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mirela Claudia Rîmbu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, 16 Sincai, Boulevard, 040314 Bucharest, Romania or (R.C.S.); (L.M.C.); (E.T.); (C.M.M.); (I.S.); (D.C.); (M.C.R.); (Ş.A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Ştefan Alexandru Anghelache
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, 16 Sincai, Boulevard, 040314 Bucharest, Romania or (R.C.S.); (L.M.C.); (E.T.); (C.M.M.); (I.S.); (D.C.); (M.C.R.); (Ş.A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Mariana Panţuroiu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, 16 Sincai, Boulevard, 040314 Bucharest, Romania or (R.C.S.); (L.M.C.); (E.T.); (C.M.M.); (I.S.); (D.C.); (M.C.R.); (Ş.A.A.); (M.P.)
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Yazidi R, Yeddes W, Djebali K, Hammami M, Aidi-Wannes W, Ben Farhat M, Msaada K, Saidani Tounsi M. Optimizing prickly pear by-product valorization: formulating molasses with enhanced antioxidant capacities and sugar contents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38576270 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2337831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
This study endeavoured to capitalize on prickly pear by-products for the optimization of molasses formulation, targeting elevated antioxidant capacities and superior sugar contents. Through robust statistical modelling, the optimal cooking parameters-temperature (70-80 °C) and duration (60-90 min)-were determined, guided by responses of antioxidant activity and Brix value. A D-Optimal mixture design further delineated the ideal proportions of molasses components (pulp, peel, and seeds). Characterization revealed that peel harboured the highest concentrations of total polyphenols (396.41 mg GAE/100g FW) and flavonoids (234.26 mg CE/100g FW), emphasizing its antioxidant potential (DPPH inhibition IC50: 12.72 µg/ml). The optimal cooking conditions were established at 78.35 °C for 79.70 min, with predictive equations guiding ingredient proportions (0.265 g pulp, 0.710 g peel, 0.025 g seed). Intriguingly, while peel inclusion enhanced total sugar content and antioxidant activity, seed incorporation exerted a contrasting effect by reducing total sugar content and limiting antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda Yazidi
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis EL Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Walid Yeddes
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Kais Djebali
- Useful Materials Valorization Laboratory, National Centre for Research in Materials Science, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Majdi Hammami
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Wissem Aidi-Wannes
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ben Farhat
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Msaada
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Moufida Saidani Tounsi
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Nadam IS, Bellamine A, Salom R, Guilera S, Inarejos-Garcia AM, Pillar G. Effects of the active botanical blend "WKUP GT" on attention and cognitive functions after lunch in healthy volunteers. Hum Psychopharmacol 2024:e2895. [PMID: 38367243 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES "WKUP GT", a low caffeine beverage consisting of carob, Guarana, Green Tea and Elderberry extracts was studied on attention and cognitive functions post-lunch in a pilot randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. METHODS Thirty healthy volunteers were included in a crossover design trial, presenting five beverages randomly assigned to the following groups: placebo, "WKUP GT" (single, double or triple doses), or "caffeine" as an active control. Hemodynamic measurements were assessed as safety outcomes. The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), was used to evaluate the patients when beverages were consumed 30 and 120 min after lunch (respectively Delta30 and Delta120 considering baseline). RESULTS Drinking "caffeine" or "WKUP GT" after lunch, showed significant improvement (p < 0.05) in rapid visual information processing compared to placebo (Delta120 of "caffeine", "WKUP" single and double). In addition, improvement in Multitasking Test (Delta30 for "WKUP" double, and Delta120 for "caffeine" and "WKUP" triple compared to placebo) was observed. "WKUP" triple also showed significant improvement for "memory" when compared to placebo (Delta120). Compared to "caffeine", WKUP GT did not increase systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION "WKUP GT" showed improvements for attention, memory, psychomotor and executive function tasks after lunch without increase in pulse rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Salom
- Department of Functional Extracts, ADM® Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Guilera
- Department of Functional Extracts, ADM® Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Giora Pillar
- Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
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Liu X, Koyama T. D-Pinitol Improved Glucose Metabolism and Inhibited Bone Loss in Mice with Diabetic Osteoporosis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093870. [PMID: 37175278 PMCID: PMC10180393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic osteoporosis (DO) has been increasingly recognized as an important complication of diabetes. D-pinitol, a natural compound found in various legumes, is known for its anti-diabetic function, but its effect on DO has not been investigated. Two doses of pinitol (50 and 100 mg/kg Bw/d) were administered orally to experimentally induce the DO mouse model for 5 weeks. The results indicated that pinitol suppressed fasting blood glucose levels and tended to enhance impaired pancreatic function. Pinitol also suppressed serum bone turnover biomarkers, and improved dry femur weight, cancellous bone rate, and bone mineral content in the DO mice. Based on the inositol quantification using GC-MS in serum, liver, kidney, and bone marrow, the pinitol treatment significantly recovered the depleted D-chiro-inositol (DCI) content or the decreased the ratio of DCI to myo-inositol caused by DO. In short, our results suggested that pinitol improved glucose metabolism and inhibited bone loss in DO mice via elevating the DCI levels in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato City, Tokyo 1080075, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koyama
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato City, Tokyo 1080075, Japan
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Liu X, He C, Koyama T. D-Pinitol Ameliorated Osteoporosis via Elevating D-chiro-Inositol Level in Ovariectomized Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2023; 69:220-228. [PMID: 37394427 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.69.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A natural sugar alcohol, D-pinitol, has been reported to be a potential compound for osteoporosis treatment via inhibiting osteoclastgenesis. However, research on the effects of pinitol on osteoporosis in vivo is still limited. The present study investigated the protective effects of pinitol on ovariectomized mice and attempted to elucidate this mechanism in vivo. Four-week-old female ovariectomized ICR mice were employed as a postmenopausal osteoporosis model and treated with pinitol or estradiol (E2) for 7 wk. Thereafter, serum calcium content, phosphorus content, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity (BALP) were measured. Bilateral femurs were isolated, and bone marrow protein was collected through centrifuge. Dry femurs were weighed, while femur length, cellular bones, and bone mineral content were measured. D-chiro-Inositol (DCI) and myo-inositol (MI) content in serum and bone marrow was measured by GC-MS. At the end of experiment, the serum BALP and TRAcP activities of the OVX mice were suppressed significantly by treatment with either pinitol or E2. Femur weight, cellular bone rate, Ca and P content were improved by pinitol or E2. The DCI content of the serum of OVX decreased significantly, although it recovered to some extent after pinitol treatment. Pinitol significantly increased the ratio of DCI to MI in serum or bone marrow protein in the observed OVX mice. Besides, pinitol had no significant effects on osteoblast viability and differentiation. The present results showed that continuous pinitol intake exerts potent anti-osteoporosis activity via elevating DCI content in serum and bone marrow in OVX mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
| | - Tomoyuki Koyama
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
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Carob: A Sustainable Opportunity for Metabolic Health. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142154. [PMID: 35885396 PMCID: PMC9325207 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is an evergreen tree that belongs to the Leguminosae family and grows in the arid and semi-arid regions of the Mediterranean basin. The carob tree is resistant to droughts and salinity, while its deep root systems allow CO2 to sink, mitigating global warming effects. Traditionally, carob has been used to produce animal feed, but for many years, it was excluded from the human diet. Nowadays, agricultural and industrial sectors exploit carob fruit, also referred to as carob pod, and its primary products (i.e., flour, powder and syrup) to develop a variety of foods and beverages. The nutritional composition varies depending on the carob part but also on genetic, cultivar, seasonal and environmental factors. Despite the high sugar content, the carob pod is rich in insoluble fiber and microconstituents including phenolic compounds, inositols (mainly d-pinitol) and vitamins. In the present review article, we aimed to (a) highlight the role of carob cultivation in addressing climate change challenges and the need for sustainability, and (b) summarize the effects of carob consumption on obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Tounsi L, Mkaouar S, Bredai S, Kechaou N. Valorization of carob by-product for producing an added value powder: characterization and incorporation into Halva formulation. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Evran S, Tayyarcan EK, Acar-Soykut E, Guven B, Durakli-Velioglu S, Boyaci IH. Investigation of phage and molasses interactions for the biocontrol of E. coli O157:H7. Can J Microbiol 2021; 68:1-11. [PMID: 34529921 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to antibiotics is one of the most critical health problems in the world. Therefore, finding new treatment methods to be used as alternatives to antibiotics has become a priority for researchers. Similar to phages, certain products containing antimicrobial components, such as molasses, are widely used to eliminate resistant bacteria. Molasses has a strong antimicrobial effect on bacterial cells, and this effect is thought to be due to the breakdown of the cytoplasmic cell membrane and cell proteins of the polyphenols in molasses. In the present study, phage-molasses interactions were investigated to examine the effects of concomitant use. It was found that molasses samples increased the size of phage plaques by up to 3-fold, and MIC and 1/2 × MIC concentrations of molasses increased the burst size of phages. Although no synergistic effect was found between the phage and molasses, the antimicrobial activities of the components and the effect of molasses on phage activity were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefika Evran
- Department of Food Engineering, Beytepe, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Esra Acar-Soykut
- Yeniçağa Yaşar Çelik Vocational School, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Burcu Guven
- Department of Food Engineering, Beytepe, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serap Durakli-Velioglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Ismail Hakki Boyaci
- Department of Food Engineering, Beytepe, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Medina-Vera D, Navarro JA, Tovar R, Rosell-Valle C, Gutiérrez-Adan A, Ledesma JC, Sanjuan C, Pavón FJ, Baixeras E, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Decara J. Activation of PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in Rat Hypothalamus Induced by an Acute Oral Administration of D-Pinitol. Nutrients 2021; 13:2268. [PMID: 34209137 PMCID: PMC8308282 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
D-Pinitol (DPIN) is a natural occurring inositol capable of activating the insulin pathway in peripheral tissues, whereas this has not been thoroughly studied in the central nervous system. The present study assessed the potential regulatory effects of DPIN on the hypothalamic insulin signaling pathway. To this end we investigated the Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Protein Kinase B (Akt) signaling cascade in a rat model following oral administration of DPIN. The PI3K/Akt-associated proteins were quantified by Western blot in terms of phosphorylation and total expression. Results indicate that the acute administration of DPIN induced time-dependent phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and its related substrates within the hypothalamus, indicating an activation of the insulin signaling pathway. This profile is consistent with DPIN as an insulin sensitizer since we also found a decrease in the circulating concentration of this hormone. Overall, the present study shows the pharmacological action of DPIN in the hypothalamus through the PI3K/Akt pathway when giving in fasted animals. These findings suggest that DPIN might be a candidate to treat brain insulin-resistance associated disorders by activating insulin response beyond the insulin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Medina-Vera
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), UGC del Corazón, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Navarro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rubén Tovar
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Rosell-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
| | - Alfonso Gutiérrez-Adan
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan Carlos Ledesma
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
| | - Carlos Sanjuan
- Euronutra S.L. Calle Johannes Kepler, 3, 29590 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), UGC del Corazón, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Elena Baixeras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
| | - Juan Decara
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (D.M.-V.); (J.A.N.); (R.T.); (C.R.-V.); (J.C.L.); (F.J.P.)
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Qiu J, Yan X, Liao Y, Yu D, Wen C, Xiang Z. An UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of D-pinitol in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1163:122498. [PMID: 33388525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
D-pinitol could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) type II. In this work, a sensitive and rapid ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method was firstly developed and validated for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of D-pinitol in rat plasma. D-pinitol and 5,7-dihydroxychromone (Internal Standard, IS) were completely separated on a BEH C18 column. The plasma samples were deproteinated with acetonitrile: ethanol (1:1). The MRM transitions for D-pinitol was m/z 179.125 → 105.049, and for IS was m/z 195.085 → 109.031. The method linearity ranges was 5-200 ng/mL. The precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect, stability under different conditions, were all within the required criteria. After intragastric (50 mg/kg) administration of D-pinitol to the rats, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 77.8 ± 19.5 ng/mL. The time to reach the maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) was 2.2 ± 0.98 h. Apparent distribution volume (Vz) was 1557.5 ± 1329.1 L/kg and the plasma centration time curve (AUC0-t) was 1265.5 ± 479.3 µg/L*h. After intravenous (5.0 mg/kg) administration, Vz was 325.2 ± 107.8 L/kg and AUC(0-t) was 693.0 ± 89.9 µg/L*h. Our study indicated D-pinitol had a slow elimination phase and might be the high affinity binding to blood protein in vivo, which are helpful for its further drug development and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixi Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyi Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Deguan Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Wen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zheng Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China.
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Zuluaga AM, Mena-García A, Soria Monzón AC, Rada-Mendoza M, Chito DM, Ruiz-Matute AI, Sanz ML. Microwave assisted extraction of inositols for the valorization of legume by-products. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Ben Othmen K, Elfalleh W, García Beltrán JM, Esteban MÁ, Haddad M. An in vitro study of the effect of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) leaf extracts on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) leucocyte activities. Antioxidant, cytotoxic and bactericidal properties. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:35-43. [PMID: 32032761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carob leaves, the main residues of the carob tree, were investigated as a renewable and abundant source of bioactive compounds for fish aquaculture. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts obtained from carob leaves were characterized in terms of biochemical composition, antiradical and cytotoxic effects and immunostimulant and antibacterial activities. The ethanolic extract showed higher levels of total phenolics, flavonoids and condensed tannins and higher antioxidant activity than the aqueous extract. No significant immunostimulant effects were observed on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) head kidney leucocytes (viability, phagocytosis and respiratory burst activities and peroxidase content) after incubation for 24 h with different extracts. Furthermore, the ethanolic extracts used at 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg mL-1 and aqueous extracts at 1 g mL-1 had a cytotoxic effect on PLHC-1 cells. When the bactericidal activity was tested against three fish pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio anguillarum and Photobacterium damselae) notable activity of the different extracts was detected against P. damselae at all three concentrations. A similar effect was demonstrated against V. haryeri when ethanolic extracts were used in the same range of concentrations. This work demonstrates interesting in vitro effects of carob leaf extracts and suggests it could be used as an alternative to chemical compounds with farmed fish. The concentration and nature of the extracts were very important in terms of any positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khajida Ben Othmen
- Laboratoire d'Aridocultures et des Cultures Oasiennes, Institut des Régions Arides, Nahel, Gabès, 6051, Tunisia
| | - Walid Elfalleh
- Unité de Recherche Catalyse et Matériaux pour l'Environnement et les Procédés URCMEP (UR11ES85), Faculté des Sciences de Gabès/Université de Gabès, Campus Universitaire Cité Erriadh, Gabès, 6072, Tunisia
| | - José María García Beltrán
- Fish Innate Immune System Group. Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group. Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Mansour Haddad
- Laboratoire d'Aridocultures et des Cultures Oasiennes, Institut des Régions Arides, Nahel, Gabès, 6051, Tunisia
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van Rijs P, Fogliano V. Roasting carob flour decreases the capacity to bind glycoconjugates of bile acids. Food Funct 2020; 11:5924-5932. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01158d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Carob is the fruit obtained from Ceratonia siliqua L. and it is a source of bioactive compounds that have been linked to several health promoting effects, including lowering blood cholesterol concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phylyne van Rijs
- Food quality and design group
- AFSG department Wageningen University and Research
- Wageningen
- The Netherland
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food quality and design group
- AFSG department Wageningen University and Research
- Wageningen
- The Netherland
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15
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Gunel Z, Torun M, Sahin‐Nadeem H. Sugar,
d
‐pinitol, volatile composition, and antioxidant activity of carob powder roasted by microwave, hot air, and combined microwave/hot air. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Gunel
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | - Mehmet Torun
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | - Hilal Sahin‐Nadeem
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering Aydın Adnan Menderes University Aydın Turkey
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Physicochemical and phytochemical properties of Tunisian carob molasses. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Tounsi L, Kchaou H, Chaker F, Bredai S, Kechaou N. Effect of adding carob molasses on physical and nutritional quality parameters of sesame paste. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:1502-1509. [PMID: 30956330 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03640-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the formulation of food products, based on sesame and carob. The possibility of developing blends from sesame paste and carob molasses, using molasses concentrations of 30, 40 and 50%, at 60, 70 and 80°Brix, respectively, has been studied. The blend prepared with 50% carob molasses at 60°Brix was found to be the most acceptable product, according to a sensory acceptability test. Sesame paste, supplemented with carob molasses, was evaluated for physical quality (oil separation, colour and texture) and nutritional composition (moisture, sugar, protein, fat, ash and polyphenols). Physical analysis showed that the addition of carob molasses to sesame paste improved its emulsion stability, changed its colour from beige to brown and modified its texture from fluid to solid. Nutritional analysis proved that mixing sesame paste with carob molasses provided a natural product, characterized by interesting nutritional value (protein: 16.97 g/100 g fry matter, fat: 12.05 g/100 g fry matter and sugar: 9.34 g/100 g fry matter), arising from the constituents of the two ingredients. Thus, the developed blend could offer a promising nutritious and healthy foodstuff to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Tounsi
- 1Groupe de Recherche en Génie des Procédés Agroalimentaires, École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Héla Kchaou
- 1Groupe de Recherche en Génie des Procédés Agroalimentaires, École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Firas Chaker
- Confiserie TRIKI-Le Moulin, Route de Gabes, 3052 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sonda Bredai
- Confiserie TRIKI-Le Moulin, Route de Gabes, 3052 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Kechaou
- 1Groupe de Recherche en Génie des Procédés Agroalimentaires, École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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18
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Christou C, Poulli E, Yiannopoulos S, Agapiou A. GC-MS analysis of D-pinitol in carob: Syrup and fruit (flesh and seed). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1116:60-64. [PMID: 30986609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
D-pinitol (3-O-methyl-D-chiro-inositol) is a well-known bioactive compound with anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant biological functions. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed for its quantitation in carob syrup, flesh and seed samples originated from Cyprus. The analysis was performed after derivatization of carbohydrates and polyols into trimethylsilyl ether derivatives. D-pinitol was determined in 13 carob syrup samples, in concentrations ranging 65.71 ± 4.60 - 77.72 ± 5.44 mg/g (mean: 68.58 ± 4.80 mg/g, n = 13). In two commercial samples, it was determined in relative medium-low concentrations (21.96 ± 1.54 and 44.71 ± 3.13 mg/g), revealing possible adulteration; however, this needs further investigation. Similarly, it was determined in high concentrations in carob flesh samples, in concentrations ranging 53.20 ± 3.72 - 54.58 ± 3.82 mg/g (mean: 53.81 ± 3.76 mg/g, n = 3). On the other hand, seed samples proved very poor in D-pinitol (<LOD). Therefore, bioprospecting of carob fruit and syrup is highlighted. Compared to other plants or legumes, carob appears to be the richest source of D-pinitol, highlighting carobs role as a functional organic food. The historical and cultural association of Cyprus with carobs is linked with traditional foods and habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Christou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Evdokia Poulli
- State General Laboratory, P.O. Box 28648, 2081 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Agapios Agapiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Urine and fecal samples targeted metabolomics of carobs treated rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1114-1115:76-85. [PMID: 30933879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ceratonia siliqua, known as the carob, is considered to be of high nutritional value and of great economic significance due to its unique composition. The beneficial effects of carob against cancer, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, diarrhea, hyperlipidemia and gastro esophageal reflux disease are only a few of its therapeutic actions. Metabolomics-based analysis provides an ultimate tool, for the deciphering of nutritional intervention derived metabolic alterations. In the present study, 16 male Wistar rats were treated with carob powder for a 15-day period. Fecal and urine samples were collected at 5 time points (0, 1, 5, 10 and 15 days). By the applied HILIC-MS/MS method, 63 and 67 hydrophilic metabolites were detected in the fecal and urine samples, respectively, including amino acids, organic acids, sugars, vitamins and other endogenous compounds. A clear group separation based on fecal metabolome was observed after 1 day and 15 days treatment, while only a mild differentiation at day 1 was observed based on urine metabolome. Twenty-one fecal metabolites were responsible for the separation including amino acids and their derivatives, vitamins and organic acids. However, only 7 metabolites were altered in rat urine samples. Metabolic alterations in fecal samples could be attributed to physiological and biochemical adaptations derived from the nutritional intervention. Fecal targeted metabolomics were proven to be suitable for uplifting and highlighting such alterations.
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Farag MA, El-Kersh DM, Ehrlich A, Choucry MA, El-Seedi H, Frolov A, Wessjohann LA. Variation in Ceratonia siliqua pod metabolome in context of its different geographical origin, ripening stage and roasting process. Food Chem 2019; 283:675-687. [PMID: 30722926 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carob is a legume tree of a considerable commercial importance for the flavor and sweet industry. In this context, it is cultivated mostly for its pods, which are known for their nutritive value and multiple health benefits. However, metabolite patterns, underlying these properties are still mostly uncharacterized. In this study, the role of geographical origin, ontogenetic changes and thermal processing on the Ceratonia siliqua pod metabolome was assessed by mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics. Thereby, a total of 70 fruits primary metabolites, represented mainly by carbohydrates, organic and amino acids were detected. Analysis of secondary bioactive metabolites assessed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-HR-MS) revealed in total 83 signals. The major signals, most significantly contributing in discrimination of C. siliqua specimens were assigned to tannins and flavonoids. PCA models derived from either UHPLC-MS or GC-MS proved to be powerful tools for discrimination of C. siliqua specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., P.B. 11562 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
| | - Dina M El-Kersh
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), 11837, Egypt
| | - Anja Ehrlich
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Dept. Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mouchira A Choucry
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., P.B. 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 574, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Dept. Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034, Russia
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Dept. Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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21
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Qasem MA, Noordin MI, Arya A, Alsalahi A, Jayash SN. Evaluation of the glycemic effect of Ceratonia siliqua pods (Carob) on a streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rat model. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4788. [PMID: 29844959 PMCID: PMC5970558 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ceratonia siliqua pods (carob) have been nominated to control the high blood glucose of diabetics. In Yemen, however, its antihyperglycemic activity has not been yet assessed. Thus, this study evaluated the in vitro inhibitory effect of the methanolic extract of carob pods against α-amylase and α-glucosidase and the in vivo glycemic effect of such extract in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Methods 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) were applied to evaluate the antioxidant activity of carob. In vitro cytotoxicity of carob was conducted on human hepatocytes (WRL68) and rat pancreatic β-cells (RIN-5F). Acute oral toxicity of carob was conducted on a total of 18 male and 18 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, which were subdivided into three groups (n = 6), namely: high and low dose carob-treated (CS5000 and CS2000, respectively) as well as the normal control (NC) receiving a single oral dose of 5,000 mg kg-1 carob, 2,000 mg kg-1 carob and 5 mL kg-1 distilled water for 14 days, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, creatinine and urea were assessed. Livers and kidneys were harvested for histopathology. In vitro inhibitory effect against α-amylase and α-glucosidase was evaluated. In vivo glycemic activity was conducted on 24 male SD rats which were previously intraperitoneally injected with 55 mg kg-1 streptozotocin (STZ) followed by 210 mg kg-1nicotinamide to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus. An extra non-injected group (n = 6) was added as a normal control (NC). The injected-rats were divided into four groups (n = 6), namely: diabetic control (D0), 5 mg kg-1glibenclamide-treated diabetic (GD), 500 mg kg-1 carob-treated diabetic (CS500) and 1,000 mg kg-1 carob-treated diabetic (CS1000). All groups received a single oral daily dose of their treatment for 4 weeks. Body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test, biochemistry, insulin and hemostatic model assessment were assessed. Pancreases was harvested for histopathology. Results Carob demonstrated a FRAP value of 3191.67 ± 54.34 µmoL Fe++ and IC50 of DPPH of 11.23 ± 0.47 µg mL-1. In vitro, carob was non-toxic on hepatocytes and pancreatic β-cells. In acute oral toxicity, liver and kidney functions and their histological sections showed no abnormalities. Carob exerted an in vitro inhibitory effect against α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC50 of 92.99 ± 0.22 and 97.13 ± 4.11 µg mL-1, respectively. In diabetic induced rats, FBG of CS1000 was significantly less than diabetic control. Histological pancreatic sections of CS1000 showed less destruction of β-cells than CS500 and diabetic control. Conclusion Carob pod did not cause acute systemic toxicity and showed in vitro antioxidant effects. On the other hand, inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase was evident. Interestingly, a high dose of carob exhibits an in vivo antihyperglycemic activity and warrants further in-depth study to identify the potential carob extract composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa A Qasem
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Abdulsamad Alsalahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soher Nagi Jayash
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
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Deans BJ, Skierka BE, Karagiannakis BW, Vuong D, Lacey E, Smith JA, Bissember AC. Siliquapyranone: A Tannic Acid Tetrahydropyran-2-one Isolated from the Leaves of Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) by Pressurised Hot Water Extraction. Aust J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/ch18265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the phytochemistry of carob (Ceratonia siliqua) leaf material are extremely limited. This report features the second natural product isolation study of carob leaves and the first such investigation of C. siliqua grown in Australia. Investigation of leaf material from seven carob cultivars using pressurised hot water extraction (PHWE) revealed the presence of high levels of myricitrin, d-pinitol, and sucrose in addition to the previously unreported natural product siliquapyranone {(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(((2S,4S)-2-methyl-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diyl bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate)}. Siliquapyranone represents a biosynthetic fusion of conventional 2,3-gallate esters on a β-glucose tannin with a hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one-related non-tannin tetrahydropyran-2-one, parasorboside. Preliminary biological testing indicates that siliquapyranone exhibits weak activity against both tumour and normal cell lines. This suggests that, like most tannins and parasorboside, siliquapyranone may act as an antifeedant.
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Adak N, Gubbuk H, Tetik N. Yield, quality and biochemical properties of various strawberry cultivars under water stress. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:304-311. [PMID: 28585314 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) species are sensitive to abiotic stress conditions, some cultivars are known to be tolerant to different environmental conditions. We examined the response of different strawberry cultivars to water stress conditions in terms of yield, quality and biochemical features. The trial was conducted under two different irrigation regimes: in grow bags containing cocopeat (control, 30%; water stress, 15% drainage) with four different cultivars (Camarosa, Albion, Amiga and Rubygem). RESULTS Fruit weight declined by 59.72% and the yield per unit area by 63.62% under water stress conditions as compared to control. Albion and Rubygem were found to be more tolerant and Amiga the most sensitive in terms of yield under stress conditions. Water stress increased all biochemical features in fruits such as total phenol, total anthocyanin, antioxidant activity and sugar contents. Among the cultivars, glucose and fructose was higher in Albion. CONCLUSION Considering the rise in global warming, identification of resistant and tolerant cultivars to stress conditions are crucial for future breeding programmes. Our results showed that some of the fruit's physical features were affected negatively by stress conditions whereas many of the biochemical features such as total anthocyanin content, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were positively modulated. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiye Adak
- Akdeniz University, Vocational Higher School of Technical Sciences, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hamide Gubbuk
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nedim Tetik
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Antalya, Turkey
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Christou C, Agapiou A, Kokkinofta R. Use of FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics for the classification of carobs origin. J Adv Res 2017; 10:1-8. [PMID: 30046470 PMCID: PMC6057242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Carob samples from seven different Mediterranean countries (Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Jordan and Palestine) were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Seed and flesh samples of indigenous and foreign cultivars, both authentic and commercial, were examined. The spectra were recorded in transmittance mode from KBr pellets. The data were compressed and further processed statistically using multivariate chemometric techniques, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Cluster Analysis (CA), Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Orthogonal Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA). Specifically, unsupervised PCA framed the importance of the variety of carobs, while supervised analysis highlighted the contribution of the geographical origin. Best classification models were achieved with PLS regression on first derivative spectra, giving an overall correct classification. Thus, the applied methodology enabled the differentiation of carobs flesh and seed per their origin. Our results appear to suggest that this method is a rapid and powerful tool for the successful discrimination of carobs origin and type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Christou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Agapios Agapiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Román L, González A, Espina T, Gómez M. Degree of roasting of carob flour affecting the properties of gluten-free cakes and cookies. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:2094-2103. [PMID: 28720967 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Carob flour is a product rich in fibre obtained from by-products of the locust bean gum extraction processing. The flour is commercialised with different degrees of roasting in order to improve its organoleptic characteristics. In this study, carob flour with three different roasting degrees was used to replace rice flour (15%) in gluten-free cakes and cookies. The influence of this replacement was studied on the psychochemical characteristics and acceptability of the final products. The incorporation of carob flour increased the viscosity of cake batters and increased the solid elastic-like behaviour of the cookie doughs, indicating a stronger interaction among the formula ingredients. The inclusion of carob flour, with a low time of roasting, did not lead to any significant differences in the specific volume and hardness of the cakes, but reduced cake staling and the thickness and width of the cookies. Darker colours were obtained when carob flour was incorporated into the product. The acceptability of cakes was only reduced with the addition of highly roasted carob flour, while in the case of cookies there was a decline in the acceptability of all carob flour cookies, which was mostly perceived with the highest roasting degree, something mainly attributed to the bitter taste of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Román
- Food Technology Area, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Ana González
- Food Technology Area, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Espina
- Food Technology Area, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez
- Food Technology Area, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
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Processing, physico-chemical and functional properties of carob molasses and powders. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9523-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tetik N, Yüksel E. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of D-pinitol from carob pods using Response Surface Methodology. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:860-865. [PMID: 24090831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the optimization of the conditions of extraction of D-pinitol compound from carob pods by using ultrasonication. For this purpose, the Box-Behnken design, which is a widely used form of Response Surface Methodology, was used to investigate the effects of parameters on the ultrasound-assisted extraction. Four independent variables, temperature (°C), ultrasonic power (W), dilution rate (material:water ratio) and time (min), were studied. The results showed that the highest D-pinitol concentration of 11.98 g/L was obtained with an extraction temperature of 50 °C, ultrasonic power of 207 W, a dilution rate of 1:4 and an extraction time of 120 min. It was found that the D-pinitol concentration of carob extract increased with the effect of ultrasonication during the extraction process. Therefore, ultrasound-assisted extraction could be used as an alternative to conventional hot water extraction with respect to the recovery of D-pinitol from carob pods with the advantages of lower extraction temperatures, shorter extraction time and reduced energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedim Tetik
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, 07058 Antalya, Turkey.
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Turhan I. Relationship Between Sugar Profile and D-Pinitol Content of Pods of Wild and Cultivated Types of Carob Bean (Ceratonia siliqua L.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2011.631255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Turhan
- a Department of Food Engineering , Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University , Antalya , Turkey
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