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Ibrahim MIA, Ibrahim HAH, Haga T, Ishida A, Nehira T, Matsuo K, Gad AM. Potential Bioactivities, Chemical Composition, and Conformation Studies of Exopolysaccharide-Derived Aspergillus sp. Strain GAD7. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:659. [PMID: 39330418 PMCID: PMC11432975 DOI: 10.3390/jof10090659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This research identified a marine fungal isolate, Aspergillus sp. strain GAD7, which produces an acidic and sulfated extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) with notable anticoagulant and antioxidant properties. Six fungal strains from the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea were screened for EPS production, with Aspergillus sp. strain GAD7 (EPS-AG7) being the most potent, yielding ~5.19 ± 0.017 g/L. EPS-AG7 was characterized using UV-Vis and FTIR analyses, revealing high carbohydrate (87.5%) and sulfate (24%) contents. HPLC and GC-MS analyses determined that EPS-AG7 is a heterogeneous acidic polysaccharide with an average molecular weight (Mw¯) of ~7.34 × 103 Da, composed of mannose, glucose, arabinose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and lyxose in a molar ratio of 6.6:3.9:1.8:1.3:1.1:1.0, linked through α- and β-glycosidic linkages as confirmed by NMR analysis. EPS-AG7 adopted a triple helix-like conformation, as evidenced by UV-Vis (Congo Red experiment) and circular dichroism (CD) studies. This helical arrangement demonstrated stability under various experimental conditions, including concentration, ionic strength, temperature, and lipid interactions. EPS-AG7 exhibited significant anticoagulant activity, doubling blood coagulation time at a concentration of 3.0 mg/mL, and showed significant antioxidant activity, with scavenging activities reaching up to 85.90% and 58.64% in DPPH and ABTS+ assays at 5.0 mg/mL, and EC50 values of 1.40 mg/mL and 3.80 mg/mL, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of EPS-AG7 for therapeutic applications due to its potent biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I A Ibrahim
- Research Institute for Synchrotron Radiation Science, HiSOR, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Hiroshima, Japan
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 4262110, Egypt
| | - Hassan A H Ibrahim
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 4262110, Egypt
| | - Tatsuki Haga
- Research Institute for Synchrotron Radiation Science, HiSOR, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Ishida
- Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nehira
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Research Institute for Synchrotron Radiation Science, HiSOR, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Hiroshima, Japan
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan
- Research Institute for Semiconductor Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ahmed M Gad
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 4262110, Egypt
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Garcia-Muchart E, Martínez-Avila O, Mejias L, Gilles E, Bluteau C, Lavergne L, Ponsá S. Novel biostimulant bacterial exopolysaccharides production via solid-state fermentation as a valorisation strategy for agri-food waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34435-y. [PMID: 39044054 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are extracellular polymer-based substances recently defined as potential plant biostimulants, as they can increase nutrient uptake, water retention, and resistance to abiotic stress. As sugar-based substances, the bacteria producing them need to grow in a sugar-rich substrate. Hence, some agri-food by-products could be used as suitable carbon sources for EPS production as a cost-effective and more sustainable alternative to conventional substrates. Thus, this study aimed to produce EPS from specific bacterial strains through solid-state fermentation (SSF) using agri-food waste as a low-cost substrate. Six residues and five bacterial strains were tested in a lab-scale SSF system. From the assessed substrate-strain combinations, Burkholderia cepacia with ginger juice waste (GJW) resulted in the most promising considering several process parameters (EPS production, cumulative oxygen consumption, biomass growth, reducing sugars consumption). Also, dynamic monitoring of the system allowed for establishing 5 days as a suitable fermentation time. Then, using response surface methodology (Box-Behnken design), the process was optimised based on airflow rate (AF), inoculum size (IS), and micronutrient concentration (MN). In this stage, the best conditions found were at 0.049 (± 0.014) L h-1 per gram of dry matter (DM) for AF, 8.4 (± 0.9) E + 09 CFU g-1 DM for IS, and 0.07 (± 0.01) mL g-1 DM for MN, reaching up to 71.1 (± 3.2) mg crude EPS g-1 DM. Results show the potential of this approach to provide a new perspective on the value chain for the agri-food industry by introducing it to a circular economy framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Garcia-Muchart
- BETA Tech Centre (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra. de Roda 70, 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Oscar Martínez-Avila
- BETA Tech Centre (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra. de Roda 70, 08500, Vic, Spain.
| | - Laura Mejias
- BETA Tech Centre (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra. de Roda 70, 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Eline Gilles
- BETA Tech Centre (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra. de Roda 70, 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Chloé Bluteau
- BETA Tech Centre (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra. de Roda 70, 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Lucie Lavergne
- BETA Tech Centre (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra. de Roda 70, 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Sergio Ponsá
- BETA Tech Centre (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra. de Roda 70, 08500, Vic, Spain
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Ye S, Gao Y, Hu X, Cai J, Sun S, Jiang J. Research progress and future development potential of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides in the preparation process, structure analysis, biology, and pharmacology: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131467. [PMID: 38599436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, Flammulina velutipes (F. velutipes) has attracted consequential attention in various research fields due to its rich composition of proteins, vitamins, amino acids, polysaccharides, and polyphenols. F. velutipes polysaccharides (FVPs) are considered as key bioactive components of F. velutipes, demonstrating multiple physiological activities, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Moreover, they offer health benefits such as antioxidant and anti-aging properties, which have exceptionally valuable clinical applications. Polysaccharides derived from different sources exhibit a wide range of biomedical functions and distinct biological activities. The varied biological functions of polysaccharides, coupled with their extensive application in functional foods and clinical applications, have prompted a heightened focus on polysaccharide research. Additionally, the extraction, deproteinization, and purification of FVPs are fundamental to investigate the structure and biological activities of polysaccharides. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of the extraction, deproteinization, purification, characterization, and structural elucidation of FVPs. Furthermore, the biological activities and mechanisms of FVPs have been further explored through in vivo and in vitro experiments. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation and guide future research and development of FVPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Ye
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyan Hu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiye Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shaowei Sun
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jinhuan Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Hamed YS, Ahsan HM, Hussain M, Ahmad I, Tian B, Wang J, Zou XG, Bu T, Ming C, Rayan AM, Yang K. Polysaccharides from Brassica rapa root: Extraction, purification, structural features, and biological activities. A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128023. [PMID: 37952795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Brassica rapa (B. rapa) roots are attracting increased attention from nutritionists and health-conscious customers because of their remarkable performance in supplying necessary nutrients. Polysaccharides are major biologically active substances in B. rapa roots, which come in a variety of monosaccharides with different molar ratios and glycosidic bond types. Depending on the source, extraction, separation, and purification methods of B. rapa roots polysaccharides (BRP); different structural features, and pharmacological activities are elucidated. Polysaccharides from B. rapa roots possess a range of nutritional, biological, and health-enhancing characteristics, including anti-hypoxic, antifatigue, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, anti-tumor, and antioxidant activities. This paper reviewed extraction and purification methods, structural features, and biological activities as well as correlations between the structural and functional characteristics of polysaccharides from the B. rapa roots. Ultimately, this work will serve as useful reference for understanding the connections between polysaccharide structure and biological activity and developing novel BRP-based functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya S Hamed
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China; Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Ahsan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China; Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahahuddin Zakaria University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmad
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Baoming Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Xian-Guo Zou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Tingting Bu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Cai Ming
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Ahmed M Rayan
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
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Hajhosseini A, Sharifan A, Eftekhari Z, Alavi A, Doroud D. Optimal Extraction and Deproteinization Method for Mannoprotein Purification from Kluyveromyces marxianus. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2023; 27:320-25. [PMID: 37525429 PMCID: PMC10707814 DOI: 10.61186/ibj.27.5.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Mannoproteins, mannose-glycosylated proteins, play an important role in biological processes and have various applications in industries. Several methods have been already used for the extraction of mannoproteins from yeast cell-wall. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extraction and deproteinization of mannan oligosaccharide from the Kluyveromyces (K.) marxianus mannoprotein. Methods To acquire crude mannan oligosaccharides, K. marxianus mannoproteins were deproteinized by the Sevage, trichloroacetic acid, and hydrochloric acid (HCL) methods. Total nitrogen, crude protein content, fat, carbohydrate and ash content were measured according to the monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee and standard. Mannan oligosaccharide loss, percentage of deproteinization, and chemical composition of the product were assessed to check the proficiency of different methods. Results Highly purified (95.4%) mannan oligosaccharide with the highest deproteinization (97.33 ± 0.4%) and mannan oligosaccharide loss (25.1 ± 0.6%) were obtained following HCl method. Conclusion HCl, was the most appropriate deproteinization method for the removal of impurities. This preliminary data will support future studies to design scale-up procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Hajhosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anousheh Sharifan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohre Eftekhari
- Biotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ariana Alavi
- Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram Doroud
- Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Mota R, Lima RT, Flores C, Silva JF, Cruz B, Alves B, Pinto MT, Adessi A, Pereira SB, De Philippis R, Soares P, Tamagnini P. Assessing the Antitumor Potential of Variants of the Extracellular Carbohydrate Polymer from Synechocystis Δ sigF Mutant. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:1382. [PMID: 36987163 PMCID: PMC10057057 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide with a huge societal and economic impact. Clinically effective and less expensive anticancer agents derived from natural sources can help to overcome limitations and negative side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Previously, we showed that the extracellular carbohydrate polymer of a Synechocystis ΔsigF overproducing mutant displayed a strong antitumor activity towards several human tumor cell lines, by inducing high levels of apoptosis through p53 and caspase-3 activation. Here, the ΔsigF polymer was manipulated to obtain variants that were tested in a human melanoma (Mewo) cell line. Our results demonstrated that high molecular mass fractions were important for the polymer bioactivity, and that the reduction of the peptide content generated a variant with enhanced in vitro antitumor activity. This variant, and the original ΔsigF polymer, were further tested in vivo using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Both polymers significantly decreased xenografted CAM tumor growth and affected tumor morphology, by promoting less compact tumors, validating their antitumor potential in vivo. This work contributes with strategies for the design and testing tailored cyanobacterial extracellular polymers and further strengths the relevance of evaluating this type of polymers for biotechnological/biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Mota
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.T.L.); (C.F.); (J.F.S.); (B.C.); (B.A.); (M.T.P.); (S.B.P.); (P.S.)
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel T. Lima
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.T.L.); (C.F.); (J.F.S.); (B.C.); (B.A.); (M.T.P.); (S.B.P.); (P.S.)
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FMUP - Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Flores
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.T.L.); (C.F.); (J.F.S.); (B.C.); (B.A.); (M.T.P.); (S.B.P.); (P.S.)
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana F. Silva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.T.L.); (C.F.); (J.F.S.); (B.C.); (B.A.); (M.T.P.); (S.B.P.); (P.S.)
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FCUP - Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Cruz
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.T.L.); (C.F.); (J.F.S.); (B.C.); (B.A.); (M.T.P.); (S.B.P.); (P.S.)
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FCUP - Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Alves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.T.L.); (C.F.); (J.F.S.); (B.C.); (B.A.); (M.T.P.); (S.B.P.); (P.S.)
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- School of Allied Health Sciences of Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta T. Pinto
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.T.L.); (C.F.); (J.F.S.); (B.C.); (B.A.); (M.T.P.); (S.B.P.); (P.S.)
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alessandra Adessi
- DAGRI - Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Via Maragliano 77, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.A.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Sara B. Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.T.L.); (C.F.); (J.F.S.); (B.C.); (B.A.); (M.T.P.); (S.B.P.); (P.S.)
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Roberto De Philippis
- DAGRI - Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Via Maragliano 77, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.A.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Paula Soares
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.T.L.); (C.F.); (J.F.S.); (B.C.); (B.A.); (M.T.P.); (S.B.P.); (P.S.)
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FMUP - Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Tamagnini
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.T.L.); (C.F.); (J.F.S.); (B.C.); (B.A.); (M.T.P.); (S.B.P.); (P.S.)
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FCUP - Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Nguyen TP, Phan HN, Do TD, Do GD, Ngo LH, Do HDK, Nguyen KT. Polysaccharide and ethanol extracts of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata: Antioxidant, wound-healing, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13559. [PMID: 36873493 PMCID: PMC9981919 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polysaccharide and alcohol extracts of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata have attracted great attention as they exhibit noteworthy properties such as prebiotic and anti-hyperglycemic effects. However, the antioxidant and wound-healing activities of the polysaccharide extract as well as the antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of the ethanol extracts have not been thoroughly uncovered. Therefore, our study investigated these bioactivities of the two extracts prepared from Anoectochilus formosanus to broaden understandings of medical benefits of the plant. Methods The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by HPAEC-PAD. The antioxidant and wound-healing activities of the polysaccharide extract were evaluated by ABTS and scratch assays, respectively. The broth dilution method was used to determine the antibacterial ability of the ethanol extract. Additionally, the cytotoxic and mechanistic effects of this extract against hepatocellular carcinoma HUH-7 cells was assessed by MTT assay, qRT-PCR and Western blotting methods. Results The polysaccharide extract possessed an effective free radical scavenging ability in an ABTS assay (IC50 = 44.92 μg/ml). The extract also ameliorated wound recovery in a fibroblast scratch assay. Meanwhile, the ethanol extract was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 2500 μg/ml), Bacillus cereus (MIC = 2500 μg/ml), Escherichia coli (MIC = 2500 μg/ml), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 1250 μg/ml). Additionally, it repressed the viability of HUH-7 cells (IC50 = 53.44 μg/ml), possibly through upregulating the expression of caspase 3 (CASP3), CASP8, and CASP9 at both mRNA and protein levels. Conclusion The polysaccharide extract of A. formosanus exhibited the antioxidant and wound-healing properties whereas the ethanol extract showed the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity against HUH-7 cells. These findings specify notable biological effects of the two extracts which could be of potential use in human healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Phuong Nguyen
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Han N. Phan
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thang Duc Do
- Department of Plantcell Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Giap Dang Do
- Department of Plantcell Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Long Hoang Ngo
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Dang Khoa Do
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Khoa Thi Nguyen
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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El Halmouch Y, Ibrahim HA, Dofdaa NM, Mabrouk ME, El-Metwally MM, Nehira T, Ferji K, Ishihara Y, Matsuo K, Ibrahim MI. Complementary spectroscopy studies and potential activities of levan-type fructan produced by Bacillus paralicheniformis ND2. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 311:120743. [PMID: 37028872 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at the production of marine bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) as biodegradable and nontoxic biopolymers, competing the synthetic derivatives, with detailed structural and conformational analyses using spectroscopy techniques. Twelve marine bacterial bacilli were isolated from the seawater of Mediterranean Sea, Egypt, then screened for EPS production. The most potent isolate was identified genetically as Bacillus paralicheniformis ND2 by16S rRNA gene sequence of ~99 % similarity. Plackett-Burman (PB) design identified the optimization conditions of EPS production, which yielded the maximum EPS (14.57 g L-1) with 1.26-fold increase when compared to the basal conditions. Two purified EPSs namely NRF1 and NRF2 with average molecular weights (Mw¯) of 15.98 and 9.70 kDa, respectively, were obtained and subjected for subsequent analyses. FTIR and UV-Vis reflected their purity and high carbohydrate contents while EDX emphasized their neutral type. NMR identified the EPSs as levan-type fructan composed of β-(2-6)-glycosidic linkage as a main backbone, and HPLC explained that the EPSs composed of fructose. Circular dichroism (CD) suggested that NRF1 and NRF2 had identical structuration with a little variation from the EPS-NR. The EPS-NR showed antibacterial activity with the maximum inhibition against S. aureus ATCC 25923. Furthermore, all the EPSs revealed a proinflammatory action through dose-dependent increment of expression of proinflammatory cytokine mRNAs, IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα.
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Liu Q, Li M, Lu H, Zhou Y, Wang X. Effect of steam pretreatment on drying kinetics and quality of Polygonati Rhizoma dried in hot‐blast air. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong China
| | - Heng Lu
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yongli Zhou
- Yunnan Yuxin Agriculture and Forestry Biotechnology Co., Ltd Qujing Yunnan China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong China
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Nai J, Zhang C, Shao H, Li B, Li H, Gao L, Dai M, Zhu L, Sheng H. Extraction, structure, pharmacological activities and drug carrier applications of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:2337-2353. [PMID: 34090852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) is one of the main active components of Angelica sinensis (AS) that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. ASP is water-soluble polysaccharides, and it is mainly composed of glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara), rhamnose (Rha), fucose (Fuc), xylose (Xyl) and galacturonic acid (GalUA). The extraction methods of ASP include hot water extraction and ultrasonic wave extraction, and different extraction methods can affect the yield of ASP. ASP has a variety of pharmacological activities, including hematopoietic activity, promoting immunity, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-virus, liver protection, and so on. As a kind of natural polysaccharide, ASP has potential application as drug carriers. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest extraction and purification methods of ASP, the strategies used for monosaccharide compositional analysis plus polysaccharide structural characterization, pharmacological activities and drug carrier applications, and it can provide a basis for further study on ASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijuan Nai
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Huili Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Bingqian Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Mengmeng Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Liqiao Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Huagang Sheng
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
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Fermentation by Probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri Strains Enhances the Carotenoid and Fibre Contents of Carrot Juice. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121803. [PMID: 33291830 PMCID: PMC7762057 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrot juice (straight, 8.5 Brix and concentrated, 15.2 Brix) was fermented by lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus gasseri strain DSM 20604 or DSM 20077). Fermentation enhanced the nutritional profile of carrot juice. There was a greater sugar reduction (27%) in fermented straight carrot juices than in the fermented concentrated juices (15%). The sugar reduction was independent of the strain used for fermentation. The two L. gasseri strains synthesised fructosyltransferase enzymes during fermentation of carrot juice samples that enabled conversion of simple sugars primarily into polysaccharides. The level of conversion to polysaccharides was dependent on the L. gasseri strain and juice concentration. Fermentation of carrot juice by L. gasseri enables the production of a nutritionally-enhanced beverage with reduced calorie and prebiotic potential. An additional benefit is the increased carotenoid content observed in straight and concentrated juices fermented by Lactobacillus gasseri DSM 20077 and the concentrated juice fermented by Lactobacillus gasseri DSM 20604.
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Zhu L, Li J, Wei C, Luo T, Deng Z, Fan Y, Zheng L. A polysaccharide from Fagopyrum esculentum Moench bee pollen alleviates microbiota dysbiosis to improve intestinal barrier function in antibiotic-treated mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:10519-10533. [PMID: 33179663 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01948h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are the most commonly used clinical drugs for anti-infection, but they can also destroy normal microorganisms and cause intestinal barrier dysfunction. To elucidate the effects and mechanism of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Fagopyrum esculentum Moench bee pollen (WFPP) on intestinal barrier integrity in antibiotic-treated mice, BALB/c mice were exposed to a broad-spectrum antibiotic (ceftriaxone) or not (control), and were administered low-, medium- and high-dose WFFP (100 mg kg-1, 200 mg kg-1 and 400 mg kg-1, respectively) daily by oral gavage for 3 weeks. Mice treated with ceftriaxone displayed symptoms of growth retardation, atrophy of immune organs including thymus and spleen, increased gut permeability, and intestinal barrier damage, which were restored after intervention with WFFP at different doses. Moreover, the beneficial effects of WFFP were closely associated with enhanced intestinal sIgA secretion and reduced inflammatory response. Furthermore 16S rDNA gene sequencing revealed that WFPP elevated microbial diversity and richness and changed the community structure, therefore, alleviating microbiota dysbiosis caused by ceftriaxone. Interestingly, WFPP could modulate the abundance of sIgA secretion-related bacteria (e.g. Proteobacteria) and inflammation-related bacteria (e.g. Enterococcus). Therefore, WFPP can relieve antibiotic-induced microbiota dysbiosis to improve intestinal barrier integrity by increasing intestinal sIgA secretion and inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, P. R. China.
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Safdar B, Pang Z, Liu X, Jatoi MA, Rashid MT. Optimising deproteinisation methods and effect of deproteinisation on structural and functional characteristics of flaxseed gum. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Safdar
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives School of Food and Chemical Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Zhihua Pang
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives School of Food and Chemical Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives School of Food and Chemical Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
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Li F, Gunenc A, Hosseinian F. Developing emulsion gels by incorporating Jerusalem artichoke inulin and investigating their lipid oxidative stability. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-019-0017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study investigated physical, chemical and lipid oxidative properties of emulsion gels (W/O) incorporating Jerusalem artichoke (JA) inulin. Primary purified inulin extract (PPIE, 1%) improved the homogeneity of emulsion gel (with no syneresis) and developed smaller particle size droplets (average 40 μm) than control (average size 60 μm). HPLC revealed that PPIE had 80.28% inulin content compared with commercial inulin (CI, 100%). Crude inulin extract (CIE, 0.08–0.33 mg/mL) delayed linoleic acid oxidation because of higher total phenolic content (4.96 ± 0.01, mg GAE/g), compared with PPIE (0.72 ± 0.03). Lipid oxidative stability of emulsion gels with inulin samples was in the order of CI > PPIE > CIE (P < 0.05) by Rancimat analysis, which agreed with volumetric gel index results. This study suggests that emulsion gels with JA inulin (PPIE) could act as a potential fat replacement in food systems.
Graphical abstract
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The antioxidant activity of derivatized cushaw polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Zeng X, Li P, Chen X, Kang Y, Xie Y, Li X, Xie T, Zhang Y. Effects of deproteinization methods on primary structure and antioxidant activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:867-876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yang EI, Lee CH, Che DN, Jang SI, Kim YS. Biological activities of water-soluble polysaccharides from Opuntia humifusa stem in high-fat-diet-fed mice. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12806. [PMID: 31353577 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble polysaccharide (WSP) of Opuntia humifusa stems was extracted and its biological activities in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) were investigated. The mice were treated with oral doses of WSP for 4 weeks. Body weight, fat mass, serum lipid, and hormone profiles, gastrointestinal tract changes were evaluated. WSP treatment resulted in a decrease in fat mass and improvement of lipid and hormone profiles associated with HFD consumption. In addition, WSP improved the gastrointestinal health of the mice by increasing ghrelin-releasing cells and serotonin-positive cells and boosted immune functions by increasing the expression of CD4+ cells and nitric oxide synthase. Also, WSP treatment reduced gastrointestinal transit time and increased fecal moisture content. These findings suggest that a sufficient intake of WSP from O. humifusa can be beneficial in preventing disorders that are associated with the consumption of HFD including the preservation of gastrointestinal health. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Opuntia humifusa is a traditional edible plant widely eaten in Asia for its high concentrations of vitamin C, polyphenols, and flavonoids. The research investigated the biological activity of WSP extracted from O. humifusa stems. The data obtained from this study sheds light on the use of plant-based polysaccharides in nutraceutical industries as potential functional food materials for the prevention of HFD-related disorders and improvement of gastrointestinal health. The results of this research could serve as a base for further research on this polysaccharide as a source of functional polysaccharides and promotes its usage on a large scale in functional food materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-In Yang
- Research Center for Industrial Development of Biofood Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Oriental Medicine, Woosuk University, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Denis Nchang Che
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Il Jang
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- Research Center for Industrial Development of Biofood Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Song Z, Hu Y, Qi L, Xu T, Yang Y, Xu Z, Lai X, Wang X, Zhang D, Li S. An effective and recyclable deproteinization method for polysaccharide from oyster by magnetic chitosan microspheres. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:558-565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Zhang ZP, Shen CC, Gao FL, Wei H, Ren DF, Lu J. Isolation, Purification and Structural Characterization of Two Novel Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Anredera cordifolia. Molecules 2017; 22:E1276. [PMID: 28769023 PMCID: PMC6152394 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anredera cordifolia, a climber and member of the Basellaceae family, has long been a traditional medicine used for the treatment of hyperglycemia in China. Two water-soluble polysaccharides, ACP1-1 and ACP2-1, were isolated from A. cordifolia seeds by hot water extraction. The two fractions, ACP1-1 and ACP2-1 with molecular weights of 46.78 kDa ± 0.03 and 586.8 kDa ± 0.05, respectively, were purified by chromatography. ACP1-1 contained mannose, glucose, galactose in a molar ratio of 1.08:4.65:1.75, whereas ACP2-1 contained arabinose, ribose, galactose, glucose, mannose in a molar ratio of 0.9:0.4:0.5:1.2:0.9. Based on methylation analysis, ultraviolet and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, and periodate oxidation the main backbone chain of ACP1-1 contained (1→3,6)-galacturonopyranosyl residues interspersed with (1→4)-residues and (1→3)-mannopyranosyl residues. The main backbone chain of ACP2-1 contained (1→3)-galacturonopyranosyl residues interspersed with (1→4)-glucopyranosyl residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries, 100015 Beijing, China.
| | - Can-Can Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Fu-Li Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Hui Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Di-Feng Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries, 100015 Beijing, China.
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Wang S, Zhu F. Antidiabetic dietary materials and animal models. Food Res Int 2016; 85:315-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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21
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Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). Carbohydr Polym 2014; 113:314-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Huang G, Shu S, Cai T, Liu Y, Xiao F. Preparation and deproteinization of garlic polysaccharide. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012; 63:739-41. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.652599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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