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Jagadeesan Y, Meenakshisundaram S, Pichaimuthu S, Balaiah A. A scientific version of understanding "Why did the chickens cross the road"? - A guided journey through Bacillus spp. towards sustainable agriculture, circular economy and biofortification. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117907. [PMID: 38109965 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The world, a famished planet with an overgrowing population, requires enormous food crops. This scenario compelled the farmers to use a high quantity of synthetic fertilizers for high food crop productivity. However, prolonged usage of chemical fertilizers results in severe adverse effects on soil and water quality. On the other hand, the growing population significantly consumes large quantities of poultry meats. Eventually, this produces a mammoth amount of poultry waste, chicken feathers. Owing to the protein value of the chicken feathers, these wastes are converted into protein hydrolysate and further extend their application as biostimulants for sustained agriculture. The protein profile of chicken feather protein hydrolysate (CFPH) produced through Bacillus spp. was the maximum compared to physical and chemical protein extraction methods. Several studies proved that the application of CFPH and active Bacillus spp. culture to soil and plants results in enhanced plant growth, phytochemical constituents, crop yield, soil nutrients, fertility, microbiome and resistance against diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. Overall, "CFPH - Jack of all trades" and "Bacillus spp. - an active camouflage to the surroundings where they applied showed profound and significant benefits to the plant growth under the most adverse conditions. In addition, Bacillus spp. coheres the biofortification process in plants through the breakdown of metals into metal ions that eventually increase the nutrient value of the food crops. However, detailed information on them is missing. This can be overcome by further real-world studies on rhizoengineering through a multi-omics approach and their interaction with plants. This review has explored the best possible and efficient strategy for managing chicken feather wastes into protein-rich CFPH through Bacillus spp. bioconversion and utilizing the CFPH and Bacillus spp. as biostimulants, biofertilizers, biopesticides and biofortificants. This paper is an excellent report on organic waste management, circular economy and sustainable agriculture research frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogeswaran Jagadeesan
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, Anna University - BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India.
| | - Shanmugapriya Meenakshisundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, Anna University - BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India.
| | - Suthakaran Pichaimuthu
- Genprotic Biopharma Private Limited, SPIC Bioprocess Laboratory, Anna University, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600113, India.
| | - Anandaraj Balaiah
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, Anna University - BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India.
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Raguraj S, Kasim S, Jaafar NM, Nazli MH. Influence of chicken feather waste derived protein hydrolysate on the growth of tea plants under different application methods and fertilizer rates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:37017-37028. [PMID: 36564696 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24758-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Modern agriculture prioritizes eco-friendly and sustainable strategies to enhance crop growth and productivity. The utilization of protein hydrolysate extracted from chicken feather waste as a plant biostimulant paves the path to waste recycling. A greenhouse experiment was performed to evaluate the implications of different doses (0, 1, 2, and 3 g L-1) of chicken feather protein hydrolysate (CFPH), application method (soil and foliar), and fertilizer rate (50% and 100%) on the growth performance of tea nursery plants. The highest dose of CFPH (3 g L-1) increased the shoot and root dry weights by 43% and 70%, respectively over control. However, no significant differences were observed between 2 and 3 g L-1 doses in plant dry weight, biometric, and root morphological parameters. Foliar application of CFPH significantly increased all the growth parameters compared to soil drenching except N, P, and K concentrations in leaves and roots. Plants grown under 100% fertilizer rate showed better growth performance than 50% fertilizer rate. Tea nursery plants treated with foliar 2 g L-1 dose and grown under full fertilizer rate recorded the highest plant dry weight, root length, and root surface area. However, tea plants under 50% fertilizer rate and treated with foliar 2 and 3 g L-1 doses sustained the growth similar to untreated plants under 100% fertilizer rate. The significantly higher N, P, and K concentrations in leaves were observed in plants treated with soil drenching of 2 and 3 g L-1 CFPH doses under 100% fertilizer rate. Our results indicate that the application of CFPH as a foliar spray is highly effective in producing vigorous tea nursery plants suitable for field planting, eventually capable of withstanding stress and higher yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriharan Raguraj
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
- Soils and Plant Nutrition Division, Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Talawakelle, 22100, Sri Lanka
| | - Susilawati Kasim
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Noraini Md Jaafar
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Hazim Nazli
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
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Omeroglu MA, Albayrak S, Arslan NP, Ozkan H, Adiguzel A, Taskin M. Evaluation of wool protein hydrolysate as peptone for production of microbial enzymes. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:31. [PMID: 36606139 PMCID: PMC9807725 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptones are one of the most expensive components of microbial culture media. The present study was conducted to test the usability of low-cost sheep wool peptone (SWP) as an organic nitrogen source in the production of six industrially important enzymes (lipase, amylase, tannase, pectinase, cellulase and invertase). SWP was prepared by alkaline hydrolysis and acid neutralization. Bacillus licheniformis and Aspergillus niger were selected as test microorganisms for enzyme production. To evaluate the efficacy of SWP in enzyme production, it was compared with commercial tryptone peptone (TP) in the shaking flask cultures of the test microorganisms. The optimum concentration of both SWP and TP was determined to be 8 g/L for the production of B. licheniformis-derived enzymes, but 6 g/L for the production of A. niger-derived enzymes. It was determined that SWP was superior to TP in the production of four enzymes (lipase, amylase, tannase and pectinase) of both B. licheniformis and A. niger. This is the first study about the usage of sheep wool protein hydrolysate (SWP) as an organic nitrogen source or a peptone in fermentative production of microbial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Akif Omeroglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Seyda Albayrak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Hakan Ozkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Adiguzel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mesut Taskin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Gezgincioğlu E, Atici Ö. Chicken feather protein hydrolysate improves cold resistance by upregulating physiologic and biochemical responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:3593-3605. [PMID: 35947261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chicken feather (CF) is one of the largest by-products of the poultry industry and millions of tons of feathers from poultry processing plants have caused a serious waste issue in almost every country. We produced a chicken feather protein hydrolysate (CFPH) by an alkaline process and investigated its effect on the low-temperature response of two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L., cvs. Altındane and Bezostaja). The CFPH contained 19 proteinogenic and 3 non-proteinogenic amino acids, as well as beneficial salts for plant growth. The aqueous solution of CFPH (0.1%, w/v) was applied to seedling leaves before cold stress and then the seedlings (treated and untreated) were transferred to cold conditions (5/2 °C, day/night) for 3 days. The CFPH application increased the expression of Rubisco protein and the contents of photosynthetic pigment, soluble sugar, and free proline while decreasing phenolic content in the leaves of both cultivars under cold stress. The cold application alone increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (as malondialdehyde), while CFPH decreased their levels. Compared to cold alone, CFPH stimulated antioxidant enzyme activities in both cultivars. This finding was supported by the changes in isoenzyme profiles of the same enzymes on native PAGE. In addition, CFPH application raised reduced ascorbate and glutathione levels, while decreasing the levels of their oxidized forms. The results showed that the application of waste CF-derived CFPH to leaves as a biostimulant alleviated physiological and antioxidative responses in the wheat seedlings under cold stress, thus having the potential to increase cold-stress tolerance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Gezgincioğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ökkeş Atici
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Gupta S, Nadda AK, Gupta A, Singh J, Mulla SI, Sharma S. Transforming Wastes into High Value-Added Products: An Introduction. Biopolymers 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98392-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Production of eco-friendly PHB-based bioplastics by Pseudomonas aeruginosa CWS2020 isolate using poultry (chicken feather) waste. Biol Futur 2021; 72:497-508. [PMID: 34606079 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-021-00099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the accumulation of non-degradable plastics and other disposed wastes leads to environmental pollution across the world. The production of eco-friendly and cost-effective poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) could be a better alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics and prevent environmental pollution. Besides, the area in and around Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India is well known for poultries, currently facing the number of environmental issues due to the accumulation of chicken feather waste. This study focused on the production of eco-friendly PHB by recycling poultry (chicken feather) waste as the substrate. The native PHB producers were screened from the chicken waste disposal site in Namakkal by Sudan black B staining method. Further, the potent bacterial isolate was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCBI accession MF18889) by phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The PHB production media with chicken feather waste was statistically optimized by response surface methodology. The dry weight of PHB produced under optimized condition (15.96 g/L chicken feather waste, 37 °C temperature, 19.8 g/L glucose and 6.85 pH) was found to be 4.8 g/L. Besides, PHB was characterized and confirmed by thin-layer chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Thus, this study concludes that poultry waste could be a complex nitrogen source for improving the growth of PHB producers and substantially increasing the yield of PHB, and it will be an eco-friendly and low-cost production in bioprocess technology.
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Sarris D, Philippoussis A, Mallouchos A, Diamantopoulou P. Valorization of low-cost, carbon-rich substrates by edible ascomycetes and basidiomycetes grown on liquid cultures. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5923550. [PMID: 33053163 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three ascomycetes (Morchella vulgaris AMRL 36, M. elata AMRL 63, Tuber aestivum AMRL 364) and four basidiomycetes strains (Lentinula edodes AMRL 124 and 126, Agaricus bisporus AMRL 208 and 209) were screened for their ability to grow on liquid static flask cultures of glucose, glycerol, molasses and waste flour-rich hydrolysates with C/N ratio of 20 and produce biomass, exopolysaccharides and lipids. The profile of lipid fatty acids was also assessed. Selected strains were furthermore cultivated in C/N = 50. Results showed that substrate consumption, biomass formation and secondary metabolites production were strain, substrate and C/N ratio dependent. The maximum biomass (X), lipid (L) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) values noted were Xmax = 25.2 g/L (C/N = 20; molasses) and Lmax = 6.51 g/L (C/N = 50; rice cereal hydrolysates) by T. aestivum strain AMRL 364 and EPSmax = 2.41 g/L by M. elata strain AMRL 63 (C/N = 50; molasses), respectively. When C/N ratio of 50 was applied, biomass, lipid production and substrate consumption seem to be negatively affected in most of the trials. The adaptation and capability of the mushroom strains to be cultivated on substrates based on agro-industrial waste streams and infant food of expired shelf date offers the opportunity to set a circular oriented bioprocess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Sarris
- Laboratory of Edible Fungi, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization 'Demeter', Lycovryssi, Sof. Venizelou 1, Lykovrissi 14123, Greece.,Department of Food Science & Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, Lemnos, Myrina 81400, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Antonios Philippoussis
- Laboratory of Edible Fungi, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization 'Demeter', Lycovryssi, Sof. Venizelou 1, Lykovrissi 14123, Greece
| | - Athanasios Mallouchos
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Panagiota Diamantopoulou
- Laboratory of Edible Fungi, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization 'Demeter', Lycovryssi, Sof. Venizelou 1, Lykovrissi 14123, Greece
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Callegaro K, Brandelli A, Daroit DJ. Beyond plucking: Feathers bioprocessing into valuable protein hydrolysates. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 95:399-415. [PMID: 31351626 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The livestock production and subsequent processing of meat results in huge quantities of solid waste such as viscera, bones, skin and keratin-rich materials, including feathers, hair, wool, claws and hooves. In particular, the continuous growth of poultry industry generates massive amounts of feathers as major waste material. The conversion of such by-products into materials with increased value has been studied. Hydrothermal, chemical or biological approaches have been investigated to achive effective conversion of highly recalcitrant proteins that are abundant in animal waste, but increasing interest is devoted to the development of biotechnological methods. The processing of feathers and other by-products into protein hydrolysates may have industrial and commercial significance. Therefore, this review comprehensively addresses the postulated applications of hydrolysates obtained from keratinous biomasses. Examples on the utilization of feather hydrolysates as organic soil fertilizers, feed ingredients, cosmetic formulations and biofuel production are described in the literature. Microbial feather hydrolysis can generate bioactive peptides as well. The use of protein-rich waste from meat industry to produce hydrolysates with biological activities constitutes a point of utmost interest for development of functional ingredients with elevated value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Callegaro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Tecnologias Sustentáveis, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Cerro Largo, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-000 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriano Brandelli
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Joner Daroit
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Tecnologias Sustentáveis, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Cerro Largo, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-000 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil.
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M. Oluba O, Okongwu C, Lawa T, B. Akpor O. Growth Performance and Toxicological Assessments of Chicken Feather Protein Hydrolysate as Fish Meal Substitute in Rat Diet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ajsr.2019.450.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Orak T, Caglar O, Ortucu S, Ozkan H, Taskin M. Chicken feather peptone: A new alternative nitrogen source for pigment production by Monascus purpureus. J Biotechnol 2018; 271:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Tesfaye T, Sithole B, Ramjugernath D, Ndlela L. Optimisation of surfactant decontamination and pre-treatment of waste chicken feathers by using response surface methodology. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 72:371-388. [PMID: 29132781 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Commercially processed, untreated chicken feathers are biologically hazardous due to the presence of blood-borne pathogens. Prior to valorisation, it is crucial that they are decontaminated to remove the microbial contamination. The present study focuses on evaluating the best technologies to decontaminate and pre-treat chicken feathers in order to make them suitable for valorisation. Waste chicken feathers were washed with three surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulphate) dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium chloride, and polyoxyethylene (40) stearate) using statistically designed experiments. Process conditions were optimised using response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken experimental design. The data were compared with decontamination using an autoclave. Under optimised conditions, the microbial counts of the decontaminated and pre-treated chicken feathers were significantly reduced making them safe for handling and use for valorisation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamrat Tesfaye
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia.
| | - Bruce Sithole
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Biorefinery Industry Development Facility, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Durban, South Africa
| | - Deresh Ramjugernath
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Luyanda Ndlela
- Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Özcan E, Öner ET. Microbial of Extracellular Polysaccharide Production from Biomass Sources. POLYSACCHARIDES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_51-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Benesova P, Kucera D, Marova I, Obruca S. Chicken feather hydrolysate as an inexpensive complex nitrogen source for PHA production byCupriavidus necatoron waste frying oils. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 65:182-188. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Benesova
- Faculty of Chemistry; Materials Research Centre; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
- Faculty of Chemistry; Institute of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - D. Kucera
- Faculty of Chemistry; Materials Research Centre; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
- Faculty of Chemistry; Institute of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - I. Marova
- Faculty of Chemistry; Materials Research Centre; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
- Faculty of Chemistry; Institute of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - S. Obruca
- Faculty of Chemistry; Materials Research Centre; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
- Faculty of Chemistry; Institute of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
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Bhange K, Chaturvedi V, Bhatt R. Feather degradation potential of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB13 and feather protein hydrolysate (FPH) mediated reduction of hexavalent chromium. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:42. [PMID: 28330112 PMCID: PMC4737710 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient keratinolytic strain of Stenorophomonas maltophilia KB13 was isolated from feather disposal site of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India. The strain could metabolize 10 g/l chicken feathers as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Soluble protein, amino acid, and cysteine content were found to be maximum (690.6 ± 8.7, 688.9 ± 9.12 and 21 ± 0.36 µg/ml, respectively) at late logarithmic phase of growth. Protease and keratinase activity reached its maximum level (103.26 ± 7.09 and 178.5 ± 9.10 U/ml) at the 4th day of incubation. The feather protein hydrolysate (FPH) obtained after degradation of chicken feathers was utilized to reduce hexavalent chromium. About 78.4 ± 2.4 and 63.6 ± 2.2 % reduction of 50 and 100 mg/l Cr(VI), respectively, was observed after 60 min of incubation with FPH. Further, there was no effect of autoclaved FPH on Cr(VI) reduction indicating that any bacterial enzyme was not involved in reduction process. Cr(VI) reduction was significantly inhibited by 10 mm Hg2+ ions indicating the role of sulfur-containing amino acids in reduction process. FTIR analysis confirmed that chromium reduction occurred due to oxidation of amino acids cysteine and cystine. This study shows that FPH arising after feather degradation can be employed as a potential candidate for the reduction of hexavalant chromium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Bhange
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | | | - Renu Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India.
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Surface display of a bifunctional glutathione synthetase on Saccharomyces cerevisiae for converting chicken feather hydrolysate into glutathione. Mol Biotechnol 2015; 56:726-30. [PMID: 24706360 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The low economic profits of feather recycling lead that the large amount of feathers is currently discarded in China. To convert feather hydrolysates into GSH with high values, surface display of the bifunctional glutathione synthetase encoded by gcsgs from Streptococcus thermophilus on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the potential in glutathione (GSH) production from feather hydrolysates were studied. The surface-displayed GCSGS could be used to convert feather hydrolysates into GSH. Results showed that 10 g/l of feather was converted into 321.8 mg/l GSH by the Trichoderma atroviride F6 and surface-displayed GCSGS in the study. Compared with production of intracellular GSH by S. cerevisiae from amino acids or feather hydrolysate, the concentration of GSH in the study was higher, and purification of GSH was more feasible. Due to the glycolytic pathway, the S. cerevisiae was used to generate ATP and cheap feather hydrolysate as precursors, the process for GSH production based on surface-displayed GCSGS is cheap and feasible. The process showed the potential to convert feather hydrolysates into GSH on an industrial scale.
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Microbial of Extracellular Polysaccharide Production from Biomass Sources. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_51-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Taskin M. A new strategy for improved glutathione production from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: use of cysteine- and glycine-rich chicken feather protein hydrolysate as a new cheap substrate. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:535-541. [PMID: 22865342 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione (GSH) is composed of the amino acids glutamic acid, cysteine and glycine. This study investigated the usability of chicken feather protein hydrolysate (chicken feather peptone, CFP) as a substrate for GSH production from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RESULTS CFP was found to be rich in ash (36.7 g per 100 g), protein (61.1 g per 100 g) and minerals (S, P, K, Ca, Fe, Na and Mg). It also had high contents of cysteine and glycine. CFP augmented biomass and GSH production by 53 and 115% respectively compared with the control medium. The highest biomass (17.4 g l(-1)) and GSH (271 mg L(-1)) concentrations were attained in CFP medium. The second highest biomass (16.8 g l(-1)) and GSH (255 mg L(-1)) concentrations were obtained in fish peptone medium. It was assumed that the high mineral, cysteine and glycine contents of CFP were related to cell growth and GSH synthesis in S. cerevisiae. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the effect of cysteine- and glycine-rich protein hydrolysates on GSH production from S. cerevisiae. In this regard, CFP was tested for the first time as a GSH production substrate. As an additional contribution, a new hydrolysis process was developed for the preparation of protein hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Taskin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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Taskin M, Esim N, Ortucu S. Efficient production of l-lactic acid from chicken feather protein hydrolysate and sugar beet molasses by the newly isolated Rhizopus oryzae TS-61. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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