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Dvir M, Sarah AK, Orna BL. Ethnic identity and barriers for using mental health services among Arab-Bedouin women coping with emotional distresses. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023; 26:609-624. [PMID: 37495825 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore barriers to mental health service attainment among Bedouin women living in different residential environments in southern Israel. We hypothesized that emotional distress and the utilization of mental health services would be influenced by the living environment and ethnic identity factors. The sample included 376 Arab-Bedouin women, 126 Arab-Bedouin women from the recognized and unrecognized villages, and 250 Arab-Bedouin women from the central localities. Quantitative methods were used, including emotional distress (GHQ12), ethnic identity scale (EIS), mental health literacy (MHLS), and barriers to mental health services attainment (BACE). Results indicated that participants from the central localities demonstrated a greater inclination to seek and utilize mental health services. Furthermore, higher rates of affirmation of ethnic identity were also found to be a predictive factor for the willingness to attain mental health services. These findings further support the role of residential environment and ethnic identity in shaping mental health service utilization patterns. Current research explored barriers to mental health services seek and attainment for Arab-Bedouin women in different residential environments in southern Israel. Ethnic identity factors and barriers such as stigma and access to resources predicted the tendency to seek help. Findings emphasize the need to address barriers to seeking help and the role of ethnic identity in mental health service attainment for Arab-Bedouin women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matzri Dvir
- Conflict Management & Resolution Program, Department of multidisciplinary studies Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Abu-Kaf Sarah
- Conflict Management & Resolution Program, Department of multidisciplinary studies Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Braun-Lewensohn Orna
- Conflict Management & Resolution Program, Department of multidisciplinary studies Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Sokar S, Greenbaum CW, Haj-Yahia MM. Exposure to Parental Violence During Childhood and Later Psychological Distress Among Arab Adults in Israel: The Role of Gender and Sense of Coherence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:NP588-NP612. [PMID: 35354327 PMCID: PMC9709551 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221082741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to parental violence in childhood is a significant predictor of psychological distress in adulthood. Factors at the individual level may explain the variance in psychological distress among adults exposed to parental violence. The current study examined the effect of exposure to different forms (i.e., physical violence and psychological aggression) and different patterns of parental violence (i.e., witnessing interparental violence, experiencing parental violence) on later psychological distress. The mediating role of sense of coherence (SOC) and the moderating role of gender in this relationship were also examined. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 604 married Arab adults in Israel (age = 20-60, M = 33.5, SD = 6.52) using a retrospective, self-administered questionnaire. Results indicate a significant positive relationship between all forms and types of parental violence explored in the current study with levels of psychological distress. Furthermore, exposure to parental violence correlated negatively with SOC, and low levels of SOC predicted higher levels of psychological distress. SOC was found to partially mediate the relationship between exposure to parental violence and psychological distress. Gender differences were found only with regard to experiencing physical violence as a predictor of psychological distress, indicating that the relationship between these variables is stronger in females. These results highlight the importance of SOC as a personal resource and its role in promoting psychological wellbeing. Healthcare practitioners should be aware of possible gender differences in psychological distress among Arab adults exposed to parental violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen Sokar
- School of Social Work and Social
Welfare, The Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem,
Israel
| | | | - Muhammad M. Haj-Yahia
- School of Social Work and Social
Welfare, The Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem,
Israel
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Cohen R, Slobodin O. An Authentic Inner Compass and Need Satisfaction as Wellbeing Resources in Bedouin Teaching Students During the COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:870764. [PMID: 35873268 PMCID: PMC9301382 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.870764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of literature suggests that students from underserved backgrounds are more vulnerable to the adverse economic, emotional, and academic effects of the current COVID-19 pandemic. While this vulnerability was attributed to multiple structural and socio-cultural barriers, little attention has been paid to the role of psychological resources in preserving wellbeing in times of crisis and change. Guided by the Self-Determination Theory (SDT), the current study examined the role of the authentic inner compass (AIC) and need-satisfaction in predicting the wellbeing of Bedouin students attending teachers' higher education institutes in the south of Israel during the COVID-19. Participants were 84 Bedouin teaching students (84.1% female) who completed online questionnaires addressing the sense of AIC, need-based experiences, psychological distress, and positive affect. Consistent with the propositions of the SDT, we found that a strong and clear sense of AIC, as well as high need satisfaction and low need frustration, were associated with lower distress and higher positive effect in Bedouin teaching students. We have also found that need satisfaction moderated the effect of the AIC on students' wellbeing so that AIC better predicted lower distress and higher positive effect when students' levels of need satisfaction were higher. Our findings lend further support to the importance of the AIC and need satisfaction to optimal functioning even in collectivist cultural contexts that do not prioritize values of autonomy. The current study provides insight into the interplay between AIC and need-based experience by describing the conditions under which AIC may be beneficial for wellbeing in times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Cohen
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
- Department of Education, Achva Academic College, Arugot, Israel
| | - Ortal Slobodin
- The Department of Education, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Social Support and Psychological Distress among the Bedouin Arab Elderly in Israel: The Moderating Role of Gender. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074358. [PMID: 35410038 PMCID: PMC8998207 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In Israel, as in other developed countries, mental health problems are common among older adults who are members of disadvantaged ethnic minorities that are experiencing cultural and social changes. The main goals of the current study were: (a) to examine gender differences in the levels of psychological distress and social support among Bedouin elders, and (b) to examine the moderating role of gender in the associations between social support indices and psychological distress. We used a cross-sectional design, and independent t-tests and hierarchical linear regression analysis were performed. The study was conducted in homes and in social clubs and community centers for elderly people and involved face-to-face interviews and self-administered questionnaires. A convenience sample of 170 Bedouin Arab elderly people living in Israel participated in the study. Participants completed self-report questionnaires that assessed psychological distress, perceived social support, instrumental social support, and socio-demographic characteristics. Male elders reported lower levels of psychological distress and higher levels of instrumental support. Female elders, who reported low levels of both perceived and instrumental support, also reported higher levels of psychological distress. Among the women, there were significant associations between psychological distress and perceived social support, and instrumental support only when the levels of support were low. This study underscores the moderating role of gender in the associations between different types of social support and psychological distress among elderly people belonging to ethnic and cultural underprivileged minority groups.
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Slobodin O, Ziv-Beiman S. “Keeping Culture in Mind”: Relational Thinking and the Bedouin Community. PSYCHOANALYTIC DIALOGUES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10481885.2021.1925284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ortal Slobodin
- Department of Education, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sharon Ziv-Beiman
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Academic of College of Tel Aviv–Yaffo, Tel Aviv–Yaffo, Israel
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Lin M, Bieda A, Margraf J. Short Form of the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-L9) in the US, Germany, and Russia. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Validation of a 9-item version of the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-L9) and testing its cross-national measurement invariance and latent mean differences in representative samples from the United States of America (US), Germany, and Russia. The psychometric properties of the SOC-L9 were tested with representative samples aged 18–100 years from the US ( N = 2,972), Germany ( N = 2,005), and Russia ( N = 2,726). Both a model with a general factor and method effect of items with negative wording and a unidimensional model were tested for structure validity. Measurement equivalence and latent mean comparisons were conducted across the samples. The SOC-L9 showed good reliability and validity in all countries. Rather than the unidimensional model, the model with additional method effect showed excellent fit across countries. Cross-national measurement invariance testing found partial strong measurement invariance across the three samples. The latent means of the SOC-L9 in the US sample were higher than those in German and Russian samples. The SOC-L9 has proved to be economic, valid, reliable, and cross-nationally applicable in the US, Germany, and Russia. Meaningful differences across countries were found, suggesting the importance of taking cultural background into account in SOC-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyu Lin
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Mental Health Research & Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Angela Bieda
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Mental Health Research & Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Mental Health Research & Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
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Abu-Kaf S, Khalaf E. Acculturative Stress among Arab Students in Israel: The Roles of Sense of Coherence and Coping Strategies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5106. [PMID: 32679817 PMCID: PMC7400605 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Israeli colleges and universities, many Arab students experience acculturative stress. Such stress arises from the need to learn new cultural rules, manage the overarching conflict inherent in maintaining elements of their culture of origin (i.e., Arab culture) while incorporating elements of the host culture (i.e., Jewish academic culture), and deal with experiences of prejudice and discrimination present in the host culture. METHODS This study investigated the association between acculturative stress and depressive symptoms among 170 Arab undergraduates from northern and central Israel. It also explored the roles of sense of coherence and coping strategies in the relationship between acculturative stress and depressive symptoms. Participants completed questionnaires on acculturative stress, depressive symptoms, sense of coherence, coping strategies, and demographics. RESULTS The findings reveal gender differences in the use of different coping strategies and in levels of depressive symptoms. However, academic-year differences were found only in levels of sense of coherence and depressive symptoms. Specifically, female students expressed higher levels of both active and avoidant coping. Moreover, female students and those in their first and second years of university studies reported higher levels of depressive symptoms. Among the male students, acculturative stress was related to depressive symptoms indirectly via sense of coherence and active coping. In contrast, among the female students, acculturative stress was related to depressive symptoms both directly and indirectly via sense of coherence and avoidant coping. Among first- and second-year students, acculturative stress was related to depressive symptoms indirectly via sense of coherence and avoidant coping. However, among third- and fourth-year students, acculturative stress was related to depressive symptoms both directly and indirectly via sense of coherence. CONCLUSIONS This article underscores the significance of gender and academic-year differences in pathways involving acculturative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Abu-Kaf
- Conflict Management and Resolution Program, Department of Multidisciplinary Studies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
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Daoud N, Berger-Polsky A, Abu-Kaf S, Sagy S. Sense of coherence among Bedouin women in polygamous marriages compared to women in monogamous marriages. Women Health 2020; 60:43-59. [PMID: 31068120 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2019.1610826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We compared sense of coherence (SOC) among Bedouin women in polygamous with those in monogamous marriages. SOC is a global orientation toward life as comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful, and is derived from generalized resistance resources that promote effective coping in stressful life situations. Strong SOC may be a resource for strengthening resilience and promoting health. We administered questionnaires to 464 Indigenous Arab Bedouin women (ages 18-49 years) in 2008-2009 using the 13-item SOC questionnaire. Contrary to our hypothesis, SOC was higher among women in polygamous compared to monogamous marriages. Husband's education, husband's abandonment of the household, living in unrecognized villages, and low mastery (perception of one's ability to control life situations) were associated with higher SOC. These results might suggest that polygamy may provoke new coping mechanisms among women as they reappraise life amidst low mastery, accept cultural norms, and marshal new resources, thereby increasing key elements of SOC, including comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. Interventions and services seeking to empower women in polygamous marriages should build on their resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihaya Daoud
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexandra Berger-Polsky
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Sarah Abu-Kaf
- Conflict Management & Resolution Program, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Shifra Sagy
- Department of Education, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Braun-Lewensohn O, Abu-Kaf S, Al-Said K, Huss E. Analysis of the Differential Relationship between the Perception of One's Life and Coping Resources among Three Generations of Bedouin Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050804. [PMID: 30841587 PMCID: PMC6427352 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bedouin society has undergone rapid changes over the past decade. The younger generation of Bedouin women is better educated, which has enabled them to enter different professions, increased their incomes and elevated their social status. We examined the sense of coherence (SOC) and its components of meaningfulness, manageability and comprehensibility as well as the use of coping strategies among Bedouin women from three age groups. We also investigated the coping resources and strategies before determining the relationships between these variables in the three groups. One hundred ninety-six women participated in the study. Differences were found mostly between the oldest age group (61 years and older) and the two younger groups (21⁻40 and 41⁻60 years old). The oldest women reported less meaningfulness and used less positive reframing, planning, humor and acceptance. In terms of coping strategies, venting was used more by the youngest group whereas behavioral disengagement was used more by the oldest group. In the younger groups, SOC and its components were positively correlated with the use of coping strategies that are considered to be adaptive and with emotional support. However, the correlations between these factors were negative among the oldest group, which points to non-adaptive coping strategies used by these women. These results are discussed in light of the salutogenic, stress-appraisal and coping theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Braun-Lewensohn
- Conflict Management and Resolution Program, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8410501, Israel.
| | - Sarah Abu-Kaf
- Conflict Management and Resolution Program, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8410501, Israel.
| | - Khaled Al-Said
- Conflict Management and Resolution Program, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8410501, Israel.
- Kay Academic College of Education, Beersheba 84536, Israel.
| | - Ephrat Huss
- Social Work Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8410501, Israel.
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Abu-Kaf S, Braun-Lewensohn O. Coping resources and stress reactions among Bedouin Arab adolescents during three military operations. Psychiatry Res 2019; 273:559-566. [PMID: 30716595 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine coping resources (sense of coherence and hope) and stress reactions among Bedouin Arab adolescents in southern Israel during three periods of escalated political violence. Two main questions were examined: 1) Did adolescents report different coping resources and levels of stress reactions during these three different periods? 2) Were there any differences in the pattern of the associations between coping resources and stress reactions across those periods? Data were gathered from 81, 91, and 192 Bedouin Arab adolescents, who were 14-18 years old, during three periods. Participants completed self-report questionnaires including the sense of coherence (SOC) scale, a hope index, a measure or state anxiety and state anger, a measure of psychological distress, and a demographic questionnaire. Across the three periods, differences were observed in both coping resources and levels of stress reactions. Over time, SOC was found to be a significant predictor of those stress reactions; whereas the association between hope components and stress reactions weakened over time. These findings support the hypothesis that SOC is a significant component of coping with stressful political events and emphasize the importance of addressing differences in the roles of personal resources over time and transition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Abu-Kaf
- Conflict Management & Resolution Program, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Orna Braun-Lewensohn
- Conflict Management & Resolution Program, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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Al-Said H, Braun-Lewensohn O, Sagy S. Sense of coherence, hope, and home demolition are differentially associated with anger and anxiety among Bedouin Arab adolescents in recognized and unrecognized villages. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2018; 31:475-485. [PMID: 29557192 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2018.1454070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This research investigated how coping resources explain emotional reactions of anger and anxiety, in the context of threat of house demolition, among adolescents in three groups: Adolescents living in a recognized village with no demolition, adolescents living in an unrecognized village (by the Israeli government as legal) with no demolition, and adolescents living in an unrecognized village with demolition. The framework of this research is based on Antonovsky's salutogenic theory, which suggests examining ability to cope with stressful situations. DESIGN Multi-group cross-sectional study. METHODS The study was carried out during 2010-2011 and included 910 participants, of whom 411 adolescents lived in unrecognized villages where 193 of them experienced home demolition. Participants filled out a questionnaire including demographics, coping resources and emotional reactions. RESULTS Findings showed that stress reactions were the highest among adolescents from unrecognized villages with demolition. Personal sense of coherence (SOC) was related to fewer emotional reactions among the adolescents from recognized villages; among adolescents from unrecognized villages, especially adolescents living in an unrecognized village with demolition, a stronger SOC was linked to stronger emotional reactions. CONCLUSIONS These findings have important implications for understanding the role of coping among youth from different cultural groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haled Al-Said
- a Conflict Management & Conflict Resolution Program, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies , Ben-Gurion University , Beer Sheva , Israel
| | - Orna Braun-Lewensohn
- a Conflict Management & Conflict Resolution Program, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies , Ben-Gurion University , Beer Sheva , Israel
| | - Shifra Sagy
- a Conflict Management & Conflict Resolution Program, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies , Ben-Gurion University , Beer Sheva , Israel
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Mayer CH, Viviers R, Flotman AP, Schneider-Stengel D. Enhancing Sense of Coherence and Mindfulness in an Ecclesiastical, Intercultural Group Training Context. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2016; 55:2023-2038. [PMID: 27562757 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-016-0301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sense of coherence (SOC) and mindfulness (MI) are believed to promote the health and well-being of individuals and organisations. The aim of this longitudinal study was to contribute to the literature on the development of SOC through training and interventions and thereby explore the development of these constructs in a group of senior professionals in the German Catholic Church. A sample of eight participants voluntarily enrolled for a 12-day training programme spread over a period of nine months to develop intercultural and inter-religious competencies, SOC and MI. Quantitative scores of the pre- and post-test SOC and MI questionnaires were qualitatively analysed. Results indicate that the majority of participants scored lower in the post-test on SOC and slightly higher in MI. The discussion explores the pitfalls in the development of these constructs in the study's participants and highlights the implications for theory and practice. Practical training implications for developing SOC and MI are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude-Hélène Mayer
- Department of Industrial and Organisational Psychology, University of South Africa (UNISA), 3-114, AJH van der Walt Building, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, 0003, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Rian Viviers
- Department of Industrial and Organisational Psychology, University of South Africa (UNISA), 3-114, AJH van der Walt Building, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, 0003, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Aden-Paul Flotman
- Department of Industrial and Organisational Psychology, University of South Africa (UNISA), 3-114, AJH van der Walt Building, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, 0003, Gauteng, South Africa.
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