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Buzzo BB, Lima NSM, Pereira PAM, Gomes-Pepe ES, Sartini CCF, Lemos EGDM. Lignin degradation by a novel thermophilic and alkaline yellow laccase from Chitinophaga sp. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0401323. [PMID: 38712938 PMCID: PMC11237711 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04013-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) are oxidoreductases that belong to the multicopper oxidase subfamily and are classified as yellow/white or blue according to their absorption spectrum. Yellow laccases are more useful for industrial processes since they oxidize nonphenolic compounds in the absence of a redox mediator and stand out for being more stable and functional under extreme conditions. This study aimed to characterize a new laccase that was predicted to be present in the genome of Chitinophaga sp. CB10 - Lac_CB10. Lac_CB10, with a molecular mass of 100.06 kDa, was purified and characterized via biochemical assays using guaiacol as a substrate. The enzyme demonstrated extremophilic characteristics, exhibiting relative activity under alkaline conditions (CAPS buffer pH 10.5) and thermophilic conditions (80-90°C), as well as maintaining its activity above 50% for 5 h at 80°C and 90°C. Furthermore, Lac_CB10 presented a spectral profile typical of yellow laccases, exhibiting only one absorbance peak at 300 nm (at the T2/T3 site) and no peak at 600 nm (at the T1 site). When lignin was degraded using copper as an inducer, 52.27% of the material was degraded within 32 h. These results highlight the potential of this enzyme, which is a novel yellow laccase with thermophilic and alkaline activity and the ability to act on lignin. This enzyme could be a valuable addition to the biorefinery process. In addition, this approach has high potential for industrial application and in the bioremediation of contaminated environments since these processes often occur at extreme temperatures and pH values. IMPORTANCE The characterization of the novel yellow laccase, Lac_CB10, derived from Chitinophaga sp. CB10, represents a significant advancement with broad implications. This enzyme displays exceptional stability and functionality under extreme conditions, operating effectively under both alkaline (pH 10.5) and thermophilic (80-90°C) environments. Its capability to maintain considerable activity over extended periods, even at high temperatures, showcases its potential for various industrial applications. Moreover, its distinctive ability to efficiently degrade lignin-demonstrated by a significant 52.27% degradation within 32 h-signifies a promising avenue for biorefinery processes. This newfound laccase's characteristics position it as a crucial asset in the realm of bioremediation, particularly in scenarios involving contamination at extreme pH and temperature levels. The study's findings highlight the enzyme's capacity to address challenges in industrial processes and environmental cleanup, signifying its vital role in advancing biotechnological solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Bonfá Buzzo
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Biotechnology, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute for Research in Bioenergy (IPBEN), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Agricultural Microbiology Graduate Program at UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Sarmanho Monteiro Lima
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Biotechnology, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute for Research in Bioenergy (IPBEN), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Agricultural Microbiology Graduate Program at UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Aparecida Maldaner Pereira
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Biotechnology, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute for Research in Bioenergy (IPBEN), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisângela Soares Gomes-Pepe
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Biotechnology, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute for Research in Bioenergy (IPBEN), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Biotechnology, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute for Research in Bioenergy (IPBEN), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Agricultural Microbiology Graduate Program at UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Jin Y, Yang N, Teng D, Hao Y, Mao R, Wang J. Molecular Modification of Kex2 P1' Site Enhances Expression and Druggability of Fungal Defensin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040786. [PMID: 37107149 PMCID: PMC10135057 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pichia pastoris is the widely used expression system for producing recombinant secretory proteins. It is known that Kex2 protease plays a vital role in the process of protein secretion, in which the P1' site affects its cleavage efficiency. To enhance the expression level of fungal defensin-derived peptide NZ2114, this work attempts to optimize the P1' site of Kex2 by replacing it with 20 amino acids in turn. The results showed that when the amino acid of the P1' site was changed to Phe (F), the yield of target peptide significantly increased from 2.39 g/L to 4.81 g/L. Additionally, the novel peptide F-NZ2114 (short for FNZ) showed strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (G+) bacteria, especially for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae (MIC: 4-8 μg/mL). The FNZ was very stable and retained high activity in various conditions; in addition, a low cytotoxicity and no hemolysis were observed even at a high concentration of 128 μg/mL, and a longer postantibiotic effect was reached. The above results indicate that this engineering strategy provided a feasible optimization scheme for enhancing the expression level and druggability of this antimicrobial peptide from fungal defensin and other similar targets by this updated recombinant yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Jin
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Na Yang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Da Teng
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ya Hao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruoyu Mao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
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3
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Dionizio BS, Rabelo CABS, de Jesus HCR, Varesche MBA, de Souza DHF. The Deconstruction of the Lignocellulolytic Structure of Sugarcane Bagasse by Laccases Improves the Production of H 2 and Organic Acids. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3145-3166. [PMID: 35349085 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The production of biofuels using sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as substrate can be considered an environmentally friendly approach, due to the possibility of combining energy production with the reuse of agroindustrial wastes. This study was undertaken to explore the applicability of a new extract with the enzymes (Lacmix) isolated from Chaetomium cupreum for SCB pretreatment. Lacmix was more active at pH of 2.2 to 4 and 50 to 60 °C. Further, the individual and mutual effects of SCB concentration (6.6 to 23.4 g L- 1), enzyme concentration (0.066 to 0.234 U L- 1), and incubation time of the SCB with Lacmix (19 to 221 min) on SCB pretreatment were evaluated using a response surface methodology and central composite design. The optimized conditions were 23.4 g L- 1 SCB, 0.234 U mL- 1 laccases, and 2.44 h resulting in 547 ± 108 mg L- 1 of total sugars. This value agrees with the predicted value (455 ± 41 mg L- 1) by the statistical model. Through the SCB pretreated with Lacmix fermentation, 96.1% more H2 and 22.5% more organic acids were observed compared to SCB without pretreatment. Therefore, laccases improve delignification, maximizing biomass fermentation for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Soares Dionizio
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis s/n, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Abreu B Silva Rabelo
- Laboratory of Biological Processes, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Engineering School of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (EESC - USP) Campus II, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Hugo César Ramos de Jesus
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis s/n, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Maria Bernadete Amâncio Varesche
- Laboratory of Biological Processes, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Engineering School of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (EESC - USP) Campus II, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Dulce Helena Ferreira de Souza
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis s/n, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Aza P, Molpeceres G, de Salas F, Camarero S. Design of an improved universal signal peptide based on the α-factor mating secretion signal for enzyme production in yeast. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3691-3707. [PMID: 33687500 PMCID: PMC8038962 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae plays an important role in the heterologous expression of an array of proteins due to its easy manipulation, low requirements and ability for protein post-translational modifications. The implementation of the preproleader secretion signal of the α-factor mating pheromone from this yeast contributes to increase the production yields by targeting the foreign protein to the extracellular environment. The use of this signal peptide combined with enzyme-directed evolution allowed us to achieve the otherwise difficult functional expression of fungal laccases in S. cerevisiae, obtaining different evolved α-factor preproleader sequences that enhance laccase secretion. However, the design of a universal signal peptide to enhance the production of heterologous proteins in S. cerevisiae is a pending challenge. We describe here the optimisation of the α-factor preproleader to improve recombinant enzyme production in S. cerevisiae through two parallel engineering strategies: a bottom-up design over the native α-factor preproleader (αnat) and a top-down design over the fittest evolved signal peptide obtained in our lab (α9H2 leader). The goal was to analyse the effect of mutations accumulated in the signal sequence throughout iterations of directed evolution, or of other reported mutations, and their possible epistatic interactions. Both approaches agreed in the positive synergism of four mutations (Aα9D, Aα20T, Lα42S, Dα83E) contained in the final optimised leader (αOPT), which notably enhanced the secretion of several fungal oxidoreductases and hydrolases. Additionally, we suggest a guideline to further drive the heterologous production of a particular enzyme based on combinatorial saturation mutagenesis of positions 86th and 87th of the αOPT leader fused to the target protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Aza
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Molpeceres
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe de Salas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Camarero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Radveikienė I, Vidžiūnaitė R, Meškienė R, Meškys R, Časaitė V. Characterization of a Yellow Laccase from Botrytis cinerea 241. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7020143. [PMID: 33671199 PMCID: PMC7922139 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Typical laccases have four copper atoms, which form three different copper centers, of which the T1 copper is responsible for the blue color of the enzyme and gives it a characteristic absorbance around 610 nm. Several laccases have unusual spectral properties and are referred to as yellow or white laccases. Only two yellow laccases from the Ascomycota phylum have been described previously, and only one amino acid sequence of those enzymes is available. A yellow laccase Bcl1 from Botrytis cinerea strain 241 has been identified, purified and characterized in this work. The enzyme appears to be a dimer with a molecular mass of 186 kDa. The gene encoding the Bcl1 protein has been cloned, and the sequence analysis shows that the yellow laccase Bcl1 is phylogenetically distinct from other known yellow laccases. In addition, a comparison of amino acid sequences, and 3D modeling shows that the Bcl1 laccase lacks a conservative tyrosine, which is responsible for absorption quenching at 610 nm in another yellow asco-laccase from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. High thermostability, high salt tolerance, broad substrate specificity, and the ability to decolorize dyes without the mediators suggest that the Bcl1 laccase is a potential enzyme for various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrida Radveikienė
- Life Sciences Center, Department of Bioanalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (V.Č.)
| | - Regina Vidžiūnaitė
- Life Sciences Center, Department of Bioanalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Rita Meškienė
- Life Sciences Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Rolandas Meškys
- Life Sciences Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Vida Časaitė
- Life Sciences Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.M.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (V.Č.)
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6
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Das R, Liang Z, Li G, An T. A non-blue laccase of Bacillus sp. GZB displays manganese-oxidase activity: A study of laccase characterization, Mn(II) oxidation and prediction of Mn(II) oxidation mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126619. [PMID: 32443277 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Laccase, a unique class of multicopper oxidase, presents promising potential as a biocatalyst in many industrial and biotechnological applications. Recently, it has been significantly applied in many metal-polluted sites due to its Manganese (Mn)-oxidation ability. Here, we demonstrate the Mn(II)-oxidase activity of laccase obtained from Bacillus sp. GZB. The CotA gene of GZB was transformed in E. coli BL21 and overexpressed. The purified laccase (LACREC3-laccase) displayed the absence of a peak at 610 nm that is usually found in blue-laccase. Further, the LACREC3-laccase exhibited high activity and stability at different pH and temperatures with substrates 2, 2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) and syringaldazine, respectively. It also functioned in the presence of various metals and enzyme inhibitors. Most notably, LACREC3-laccase formed insoluble brown Mn(III)/Mn(IV)-oxide particles from Mn(II) mineral, exhibiting its Mn(II)-oxidase activity. In addition to native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and buffer test, we developed an 'agarose gel plate' assay to evaluate Mn(II) oxidation activity of laccase. Furthermore, using the leucoberbelin blue assay, a total of 44.45 ± 0.45% Mn(IV)-oxides were quantified, in which 5.87 ± 0.61% autoxidized after 24 h. The Mn(II) oxidation mechanisms were further predicted by trapping Mn(III) using pyrophosphate during Mn(II) to Mn(IV) conversion by LACREC3-laccase. Overall, the laccase of GZB has excellent activity and stability plus an ability to oxidize Mn(II). This study is the first report on a non-blue laccase, exhibiting Mn(II)-oxidase activity. Thus, it offers a novel finding of the Mn(II) oxidation processes that can be a valuable way of Mn(II)-mineralization in various metal-polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Das
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhishu Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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7
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Gomez-Fernandez BJ, Risso VA, Rueda A, Sanchez-Ruiz JM, Alcalde M. Ancestral Resurrection and Directed Evolution of Fungal Mesozoic Laccases. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e00778-20. [PMID: 32414792 PMCID: PMC7357490 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00778-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ancestral sequence reconstruction and resurrection provides useful information for protein engineering, yet its alliance with directed evolution has been little explored. In this study, we have resurrected several ancestral nodes of fungal laccases dating back ∼500 to 250 million years. Unlike modern laccases, the resurrected Mesozoic laccases were readily secreted by yeast, with similar kinetic parameters, a broader stability, and distinct pH activity profiles. The resurrected Agaricomycetes laccase carried 136 ancestral mutations, a molecular testimony to its origin, and it was subjected to directed evolution in order to improve the rate of 1,3-cyclopentanedione oxidation, a β-diketone initiator commonly used in vinyl polymerization reactions.IMPORTANCE The broad variety of biotechnological uses of fungal laccases is beyond doubt (food, textiles, pulp and paper, pharma, biofuels, cosmetics, and bioremediation), and protein engineering (in particular, directed evolution) has become the key driver for adaptation of these enzymes to harsh industrial conditions. Usually, the first requirement for directed laccase evolution is heterologous expression, which presents an important hurdle and often a time-consuming process. In this work, we resurrected a fungal Mesozoic laccase node which showed strikingly high heterologous expression and pH stability. As a proof of concept that the ancestral laccase is a suitable blueprint for engineering, we performed a quick directed evolution campaign geared to the oxidation of the β-diketone 1,3-cyclopentanedione, a poor laccase substrate that is used in the polymerization of vinyl monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo J Gomez-Fernandez
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- EvoEnzyme, S.L., Madrid, Spain
| | - Valeria A Risso
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Andres Rueda
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jose M Sanchez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- EvoEnzyme, S.L., Madrid, Spain
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8
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Kwiatos N, Jędrzejczak-Krzepkowska M, Krzemińska A, Delavari A, Paneth P, Bielecki S. Evolved Fusarium oxysporum laccase expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3244. [PMID: 32094483 PMCID: PMC7039978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum laccase was functionally expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and engineered towards higher expression levels and higher reactivity towards 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, that could be used as a mediator for lignin modification. A combination of classical culture optimization and protein engineering led to around 30 times higher activity in the culture supernatant. The winner mutant exhibited three times lower Km, four times higher kcat and ten times higher catalytic efficiency than the parental enzyme. The strategy for laccase engineering was composed of a combination of random methods with a rational approach based on QM/MM MD studies of the enzyme complex with 2,6-dimethoxyphenol. Laccase mediator system with 2,6-dimethoxyphenol caused fulvic acids release from biosolubilized coal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kwiatos
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marzena Jędrzejczak-Krzepkowska
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krzemińska
- Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 219, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Paneth
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wróblewskiego 15, 93-590, Lodz, Poland
| | - Stanisław Bielecki
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
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9
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Stanzione I, Pezzella C, Giardina P, Sannia G, Piscitelli A. Beyond natural laccases: extension of their potential applications by protein engineering. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:915-924. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Agrawal K, Verma P. Biodegradation of synthetic dye Alizarin Cyanine Green by yellow laccase producing strain Stropharia sp. ITCC-8422. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Aptitude of Oxidative Enzymes for Treatment of Wastewater Pollutants: A Laccase Perspective. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112064. [PMID: 31151229 PMCID: PMC6600482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural water sources are very often contaminated by municipal wastewater discharges which contain either of xenobiotic pollutants and their sometimes more toxic degradation products, or both, which frustrates the universal millenium development goal of provision of the relatively scarce pristine freshwater to water-scarce and -stressed communities, in order to augment their socioeconomic well-being. Seeing that both regulatory measures, as regards the discharge limits of wastewater, and the query for efficient treatment methods remain unanswered, partially, the prospects of enzymatic treatment of wastewater is advisable. Therefore, a reconsideration was assigned to the possible capacity of oxidative enzymes and the respective challenges encountered during their applications in wastewater treatment, and ultimately, the prospects of laccase, a polyphenol oxidase that oxidizes aromatic and inorganic substrates with electron-donating groups in treatment aromatic contaminants of wastewater, in real wastewater situations, since it is assumed to be a vehicle for a greener community. Furthermore, the importance of laccase-driven catalysis toward maintaining mass-energy balance, hence minimizing environmental waste, was comprehensibly elucidated, as well the strategic positioning of laccase in a model wastewater treatment facility for effective treatment of wastewater contaminants.
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Mateljak I, Monza E, Lucas MF, Guallar V, Aleksejeva O, Ludwig R, Leech D, Shleev S, Alcalde M. Increasing Redox Potential, Redox Mediator Activity, and Stability in a Fungal Laccase by Computer-Guided Mutagenesis and Directed Evolution. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mateljak
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28094 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emanuele Monza
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Jordi Girona 29, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Zymvol, C/Almogavers 165, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Fatima Lucas
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Jordi Girona 29, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Zymvol, C/Almogavers 165, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Guallar
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Jordi Girona 29, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA: Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Aleksejeva
- Biomedical Sciences, Health and Society, Malmö University, 20560 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, VIBT—Vienna Institute of Biotechnology, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Donal Leech
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway University Road, SW4 794 Galway, Ireland
| | - Sergey Shleev
- Biomedical Sciences, Health and Society, Malmö University, 20560 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28094 Madrid, Spain
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Ike PTL, Moreira AC, de Almeida FG, Ferreira D, Birolli WG, Porto ALM, Souza DHF. Functional characterization of a yellow laccase from Leucoagaricus gongylophorus. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:654. [PMID: 26543788 PMCID: PMC4628026 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this work we have identified, using mass spectrometry, two laccases produced by Leucoagaricus gongylophorus. One of them, Lac1Lg, was isolated, purified and characterized. Lac1Lg, a monomeric enzyme, was studied using ABTS and syringaldazine substrates. Lac1Lg presented kcat/Km almost threefold higher for syringaldazine than for ABTS, showing a higher catalytic efficiency of Lac1Lg for syringaldazine. The interference of several metal ions and substances in the laccase activity were evaluated. Lac1Lg did not absorb at 600 nm, which is a characteristic of so-called yellow laccases. Lac1Lg also was able to oxidize non-phenolic substrate (anthracene) in the absence of an exogenous mediator, showing that the enzyme has potential to explore in biotechnological processes. Our Lac1Lg three-dimensional molecular model, constructed using homology modeling, showed that the Lac1Lg catalytic site is very closed to blue laccases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariele C. Moreira
- />Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Ferreira
- />Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | | | | | - Dulce Helena F. Souza
- />Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP Brazil
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Identification and characterization of laccase-type multicopper oxidases involved in dye-decolorization by the fungus Leptosphaerulina sp. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:74. [PMID: 26268358 PMCID: PMC4535763 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fungal laccases are multicopper oxidases (MCOs) with high biotechnological potential due to their capability to oxidize a wide range of aromatic contaminants using oxygen from the air. Albeit the numerous laccase-like genes described in ascomycete fungi, ascomycete laccases have been less thoroughly studied than white-rot basidiomycetous laccases. A variety of MCO genes has recently been discovered in plant pathogenic ascomycete fungi, however little is known about the presence and function of laccases in these fungi or their potential use as biocatalysts. We aim here to identify the laccase-type oxidoreductases that might be involved in the decolorization of dyes by Leptosphaerulina sp. and to characterize them as potential biotechnological tools. Results A Leptosphaerulina fungal strain, isolated from lignocellulosic material in Colombia, produces laccase as the main ligninolytic oxidoreductase activity during decolorization of synthetic organic dyes. Four laccase-type MCO genes were partially amplified from the genomic DNA using degenerate primers based on laccase-specific signature sequences. The phylogenetic analysis showed the clustering of Lac1, Lac4 and Lac3 with ascomycete laccases, whereas Lac2 grouped with fungal ferroxidases (together with other hypothetical laccases). Lac3, the main laccase produced by Leptosphaerulina sp. in dye decolorizing and laccase-induced cultures (according to the shotgun analysis of both secretomes) was purified and characterized in this study. It is a sensu-stricto laccase able to decolorize synthetic organic dyes with high efficiency particularly in the presence of natural mediator compounds. Conclusions The searching for laccase-type MCOs in ascomycetous families where their presence is poorly known, might provide a source of biocatalysts with potential biotechnological interest and shed light on their role in the fungus. The information provided by the use of genomic and proteomic tools must be combined with the biochemical evaluation of the enzyme to prove its catalytic activity and applicability potential. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-015-0192-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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15
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Focused Directed Evolution of Aryl-Alcohol Oxidase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Using Chimeric Signal Peptides. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:6451-62. [PMID: 26162870 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01966-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl-alcohol oxidase (AAO) is an extracellular flavoprotein that supplies ligninolytic peroxidases with H2O2 during natural wood decay. With a broad substrate specificity and highly stereoselective reaction mechanism, AAO is an attractive candidate for studies into organic synthesis and synthetic biology, and yet the lack of suitable heterologous expression systems has precluded its engineering by directed evolution. In this study, the native signal sequence of AAO from Pleurotus eryngii was replaced by those of the mating α-factor and the K1 killer toxin, as well as different chimeras of both prepro-leaders in order to drive secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The secretion of these AAO constructs increased in the following order: preproα-AAO > preαproK-AAO > preKproα-AAO > preproK-AAO. The chimeric preαproK-AAO was subjected to focused-directed evolution with the aid of a dual screening assay based on the Fenton reaction. Random mutagenesis and DNA recombination was concentrated on two protein segments (Met[α1]-Val109 and Phe392-Gln566), and an array of improved variants was identified, among which the FX7 mutant (harboring the H91N mutation) showed a dramatic 96-fold improvement in total activity with secretion levels of 2 mg/liter. Analysis of the N-terminal sequence of the FX7 variant confirmed the correct processing of the preαproK hybrid peptide by the KEX2 protease. FX7 showed higher stability in terms of pH and temperature, whereas the pH activity profiles and the kinetic parameters were maintained. The Asn91 lies in the flavin attachment loop motif, and it is a highly conserved residue in all members of the GMC superfamily, except for P. eryngii and P. pulmonarius AAO. The in vitro involution of the enzyme by restoring the consensus ancestor Asn91 promoted AAO expression and stability.
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16
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Liu Y, Yan M, Huang J. Three-Phase Partitioning for Purification of Laccase Produced by Coriolopsis trogii under Solid Fermentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2015.127.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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A novel non-blue laccase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: secretory expression and characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 76:39-44. [PMID: 25709013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Laccases are copper-containing enzymes which possess a promising potential in many industrial and environmental applications. Here we describe the cloning, extracellular expression and characterization of a novel non-blue laccase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant enzyme was secreted into the culture supernatant with high activity. It lacks the absorption band at 610 nm typical for blue laccases. However, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum proved the existence of type 1 copper center that was not detectable in the UV-visible spectrum. Metal content analysis revealed that the enzyme contains two copper ions, one iron ion and one zinc ion per protein molecular, suggesting that it is a novel non-blue laccase. The pH and temperature optima of the recombinant laccase were 6.6 and 60°C, respectively, and it was stable at pH 9.0 for 10 days. The enzyme activity was slightly activated by NaCl with concentration up to 200 mM. The purified laccase showed high efficiency in decolorizing reactive black 5 and indigo carmine, achieving more than 93% decolorization after 1h. The extreme robustness of the recombinant B. amyloliquefaciens laccase offers several advantages over most fungal laccases in various industrial applications.
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18
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Laccase engineering by rational and evolutionary design. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:897-910. [PMID: 25586560 PMCID: PMC4323517 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1824-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Laccases are considered as green catalysts of great biotechnological potential. This has attracted a great interest in designing laccases a la carte with enhanced stabilities or activities tailored to specific conditions for different fields of application. Over 20 years, numerous efforts have been taken to engineer these multicopper oxidases and to understand their reaction mechanisms by site-directed mutagenesis, and more recently, using computational calculations and directed evolution tools. In this work, we review the most relevant contributions made in the field of laccase engineering, from the comprehensive study of their structure–function relationships to the tailoring of outstanding biocatalysts.
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Laccase engineering: From rational design to directed evolution. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:25-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Directed evolution of unspecific peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:3496-507. [PMID: 24682297 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00490-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Unspecific peroxygenase (UPO) represents a new type of heme-thiolate enzyme with self-sufficient mono(per)oxygenase activity and many potential applications in organic synthesis. With a view to taking advantage of these properties, we subjected the Agrocybe aegerita UPO1-encoding gene to directed evolution in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To promote functional expression, several different signal peptides were fused to the mature protein, and the resulting products were tested. Over 9,000 clones were screened using an ad hoc dual-colorimetric assay that assessed both peroxidative and oxygen transfer activities. After 5 generations of directed evolution combined with hybrid approaches, 9 mutations were introduced that resulted in a 3,250-fold total activity improvement with no alteration in protein stability. A breakdown between secretion and catalytic activity was performed by replacing the native signal peptide of the original parental type with that of the evolved mutant; the evolved leader increased functional expression 27-fold, whereas an 18-fold improvement in the kcat/Km value for oxygen transfer activity was obtained. The evolved UPO1 was active and highly stable in the presence of organic cosolvents. Mutations in the hydrophobic core of the signal peptide contributed to enhance functional expression up to 8 mg/liter, while catalytic efficiencies for peroxidative and oxygen transfer reactions were increased by several mutations in the vicinity of the heme access channel. Overall, the directed-evolution platform described is a valuable point of departure for the development of customized UPOs with improved features and for the study of structure-function relationships.
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21
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Daroch M, Houghton CA, Moore JK, Wilkinson MC, Carnell AJ, Bates AD, Iwanejko LA. Glycosylated yellow laccases of the basidiomycete Stropharia aeruginosa. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 58-59:1-7. [PMID: 24731818 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe the identification, purification and characterisation of glycosylated yellow laccase proteins from the basidiomycete fungus Stropharia aeruginosa. Biochemical characterisation of two yellow laccases, Yel1p and Yel3p, show that they are both secreted, monomeric, N-glycosylated proteins of molecular weight around 55kDa with substrate specificities typical of laccases, but lacking the absorption band at 612nm typical of the blue laccase proteins. Low coverage, high throughput 454 transcriptome sequencing in combination with inverse-PCR was used to identify cDNA sequences. One of the cDNA sequences has been assigned to the Yel1p protein on the basis of identity between the translated protein sequence and the peptide data from the purified protein, and the full length gene sequence has been obtained. Biochemical properties, substrate specificities and protein sequence data have been used to discuss the unusual spectroscopic properties of S. aeruginosa proteins in the context of recent theories about the differences between yellow and blue laccases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurycy Daroch
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Catharine A Houghton
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan K Moore
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C Wilkinson
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Carnell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Bates
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley A Iwanejko
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, United Kingdom.
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Mate DM, Gonzalez-Perez D, Kittl R, Ludwig R, Alcalde M. Functional expression of a blood tolerant laccase in Pichia pastoris. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:38. [PMID: 23627343 PMCID: PMC3655043 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basidiomycete high-redox potential laccases (HRPLs) working in human physiological fluids (pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl) arise great interest in the engineering of 3D-nanobiodevices for biomedical uses. In two previous reports, we described the directed evolution of a HRPL from basidiomycete PM1 strain CECT 2971: i) to be expressed in an active, soluble and stable form in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and ii) to be active in human blood. In spite of the fact that S. cerevisiae is suited for the directed evolution of HRPLs, the secretion levels obtained in this host are not high enough for further research and exploitation. Thus, the search for an alternative host to over-express the evolved laccases is mandatory. RESULTS A blood-active laccase (ChU-B mutant) fused to the native/evolved α-factor prepro-leader was cloned under the control of two different promoters (P(AOX1) and P(GAP)) and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The most active construct, which contained the P(AOX1) and the evolved prepro-leader, was fermented in a 42-L fed-batch bioreactor yielding production levels of 43 mg/L. The recombinant laccase was purified to homogeneity and thoroughly characterized. As happened in S. cerevisiae, the laccase produced by P. pastoris presented an extra N-terminal extension (ETEAEF) generated by an alternative processing of the α-factor pro-leader at the Golgi compartment. The laccase mutant secreted by P. pastoris showed the same improved properties acquired after several cycles of directed evolution in S. cerevisiae for blood-tolerance: a characteristic pH-activity profile shifted to the neutral-basic range and a greatly increased resistance against inhibition by halides. Slight biochemical differences between both expression systems were found in glycosylation, thermostability and turnover numbers. CONCLUSIONS The tandem-yeast system based on S. cerevisiae to perform directed evolution and P. pastoris to over-express the evolved laccases constitutes a promising approach for the in vitro evolution and production of these enzymes towards different biocatalytic and bioelectrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Mate
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
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