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Dave R, Madamwar D. Preparations for the use ofCandida rugosalipase in non-conventional solvents. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2010.489152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Triantafyllou AO, Wehtje E, Adlercreutz P, Mattiasson B. How do additives affect enzyme activity and stability in nonaqueous media? Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 54:67-76. [PMID: 18634074 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19970405)54:1<67::aid-bit8>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic activities of lyophilized powders of alpha-chymotrypsin and Candida antarctica lipase were found to increase 4- to 8-fold with increasing amounts of either buffer salts or potassium chloride in the enzyme preparation. Increasing amounts of sorbitol in the chymotrypsin preparation produced a modest increase in activity. The additives are basically thought to serve as immobilization matrices, the sorbitol being inferior because of its poor mechanical properties. Besides their role as supports, the buffer species were indispensable for the transesterification activity of chymotrypsin because they prevented perturbations of the pH during the course of the reaction. Hence, increasing amounts of buffer species yielded a 100-fold increase in transesterification activity. Effects of pH changes were not as predominant in the peptide synthesis and the lipase-catalyzed reactions. Immobilization of the protease on celite resulted in a remarkable improvement of transesterification activity as compared to the suspended protease, even in the absence of buffer species. Immobilization of the lipase caused a small improvement of activity. The activity of the immobilized enzymes was further enhanced 3-4 times by including increasing amounts of buffer salts in the preparation.The inclusion of increasing amounts of sodium phosphate or sorbitol to chymotrypsin rendered the catalyst more labile against thermal inactivation. The denaturation temperature decreased with 7 degrees C at the highest content of sodium phosphate, as compared to the temperature obtained for the denaturation of the pure protein. The apparent enthalpy of denaturation increased with increasing contents of the additives. The enhancement of hydration level and flexibility of the macromolecule upon addition of the compounds partly provides the explanation for the observed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Triantafyllou
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred van Rantwijk
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands.
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Kudryashova EV, Visser AJWG, van Hoek A, de Jongh HHJ. Molecular details of ovalbumin-pectin complexes at the air/water interface: a spectroscopic study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:7942-50. [PMID: 17585785 DOI: 10.1021/la700379m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To stabilize air-water interfaces, as in foams, the adsorption of surface-active components is a prerequisite. An approach to controlling the surface activity of proteins is noncovalent complex formation with a polyelectrolyte in the bulk phase. The molecular properties of egg white ovalbumin in a complex with pectin in the bulk solution and at air/water interfaces were studied using drop tensiometry (ADT) and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy techniques. The complex formation of ovalbumin with pectin in the bulk resulted in the formation of a compact structure with a different spatial arrangement depending on the protein/pectin ratio. Complex formation did not provide an altered protein structure, whereas the conformational stability was slightly increased in the complex. In excess pectin, an overall condensed complex structure is formed, whereas at limited pectin concentrations the structure of the complex is more "segmental". The characteristics of these structures did not depend on pH in the 7.0 to 4.5 regime. Interaction with pectin in the bulk solution resulted in a significantly slower adsorption of the protein to the air/water interface. The limited mobility of the protein at the interface was found for both ovalbumin and ovalbumin-pectin complexes. From both the rotational dynamics and total fluorescence properties of the protein in the absence and presence of pectin, it was suggested that the complex does not dissociate at the interface. Ovalbumin in the complex retains its initial "aqueous" microenvironment at the interface, whereas in the absence of pectin the microenvironment of the protein changed to a more nonpolar one. This work illustrates a more general property of polyelectrolytes, namely, the ability to retain a protein in its microenvironment. Insight into this property provides a new tool for better control of the surface activity of complex biopolymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Kudryashova
- Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences/TI Food and Nutrition, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
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GANDHI NEENAN, PATIL NITINS, SAWANT SUDHIRPRAKASHB, JOSHI JYESHTHARAJB, WANGIKAR PRAMODP, MUKESH D. Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/cr-100101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Study of the effect of some organic solvents on the activity and stability of glucose oxidase. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Godjevargova T, Vasileva N, Letskovska Z. Study of the thermal stability of glucose oxidase in the presence of water-soluble polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Characterization of polymer–enzyme complex as a novel biocatalyst for nonaqueous enzymology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(03)00009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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de la Casa R, Guisán J, Sánchez-Montero J, Sinisterra J. Modification of the activities of two different lipases from Candida rugosa with dextrans. Enzyme Microb Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(01)00446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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van de Velde F, Bakker M, van Rantwijk F, Sheldon RA. Chloroperoxidase-catalyzed enantioselective oxidations in hydrophobic organic media. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0290(20010305)72:5<523::aid-bit1016>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mine Y, Fukunaga K, Yoshimoto M, Nakao K, Sugimura Y. Modification of lipases with poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(oxyethylene) detergents and their catalytic activities in organic solvents. J Biosci Bioeng 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sawada H, Hirata Y, Kawase T, Fujimori K. Self-assembled aggregates of fluoroalkylated end-capped N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)acrylamide oligomers selectively immobilize cytochrome c. J Fluor Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(00)00311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Mine Y, Fukunaga K, Maruoka N, Nakao K, Sugimura Y. Preparation of detergent-lipase complexes utilizing water-soluble amphiphiles in single aqueous phase and catalysis of transesterifications in homogeneous organic solvents. J Biosci Bioeng 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(00)90008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Secundo F, Spadaro S, Carrea G, Overbeeke PL. Optimization of Pseudomonas cepacia lipase preparations for catalysis in organic solvents. Biotechnol Bioeng 1999; 62:554-61. [PMID: 10099564 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19990305)62:5<554::aid-bit7>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The activity of different lipase (from Pseudomonas cepacia) forms, such as crude powder (crude PC), purified and lyophilized with PEG (PEG + PC), covalently linked to PEG (PEG-PC), cross-linked enzyme crystals (CLEC-PC), and immobilized in Sol-Gel-AK (Sol-Gel-AK-PC) was determined, at various water activities (aw), in carbon tetrachloride, benzene and 1,4-dioxane. The reaction of vinyl butyrate with 1-octanol was employed as a model and both transesterification (formation of 1-octyl butyrate) and hydrolysis (formation of butyric acid from vinyl butyrate) rates were determined. Both rates depended on the lipase form, solvent employed, and aw value. Hydrolysis rates always increased as a function of aw, while the optimum of aw for transesterification depended on the enzyme form and nature of the solvent. At proper aw, some lipase forms such as PEG + PC, PEG-PC, and Sol-Gel-AK-PC had a total activity in organic solvents (transesterification plus hydrolysis) which was close to (39 and 48%) or even higher than (130%) that displayed by the same amount of lipase protein in the hydrolysis of tributyrin-one of the substrates most commonly used as standard for the assay of lipase activity-in aqueous buffer. Instead, CLEC-PC and crude PC were much less active in organic solvents (2 and 12%) than in buffer. The results suggest that enzyme dispersion and/or proper enzyme conformation (favored by interaction with PEG or the hydrophobic Sol-Gel-AK matrix) are essential for the expression of high lipase activity in organic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Secundo
- Istituto di Biocatalisi e Riconoscimento Molecolare, via Mario Bianco 9, Milano 20131, Italy.
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Murakami Y, Hirata A. Poly(ethylene glycol)-α-chymotrypsin complex catalytically active in anhydrous isooctane. J Biosci Bioeng 1999; 88:441-3. [PMID: 16232642 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(99)80224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/1999] [Accepted: 07/12/1999] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic catalysis in predominantly organic media has undergone rapid expansions, particularly over the past decade. There are numerous potential advantages in employing enzymes in organic media. However, there are some crucial defects in the native enzyme-catalyzed biocatalyses, such as a decrease in their reaction rate due to diffusional limitations of substrates. To overcome these defects, enzymes modified chemically with polymers and physically with surfactants, which were soluble in organic solvents, were often used. However, they had inherent drawbacks. On the other hand, the enzymes modified physically with polymers were found to be soluble and catalytically active in organic media. To date, however, the effect of the amount of added polymers on the enzyme activity has not been clarified, even though this may be an important factor governing the activity of polymer-enzyme complexes in organic media. In this study, we obtained a complex of an enzyme and a hydrophilic polymer by lyophilizing an aqueous solution containing a polymer and an enzyme. We found that the polymer-enzyme complex was catalytically active in organic media even when the molar ratio of polymer/enzyme in its preparation stage was unity, and that the activity of the polymer-enzyme complex increased with an increase in the molar ratio of polymer/enzyme, reached the maximum activity (ca. 7200-fold higher than that of the native enzyme suspended in organic media) and then gradually decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Murakami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Naka K, Nakamura T, Ohki A, Maeda S. Amphiphilic Block Copolymer-Lipase Aggregate in Aqueous-Organic Media. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/10601329708014986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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MATTIASSON BO, OTAMIRI MARINA, ADLERCREUTZ PATRICK. Solubilization of Enzymes in Apolar Solvents via Noncovalent Complex Formation with Soluble Polymers. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb33239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Virto C, Svensson I, Adlercreutz P, Mattiasson B. Catalytic activity of noncovalent complexes of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, NAD+ and polymers, dissolved or suspended in organic solvents. Biotechnol Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00129022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Otamiri M, Adlercreutz P, Mattiasson B. A differential scanning calorimetric study of chymotrypsin in the presence of added polymers. Biotechnol Bioeng 1994; 44:73-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260440111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Adlercreutz P, Mattiasson B, Otamiri M. Synthetic polymers as solubilizing vehicles for enzymes in water-poor media. Bioorg Med Chem 1994; 2:529-33. [PMID: 8000875 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0896(94)80023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A recent method for exposing enzymes to organic solvents is reviewed. By complex formation between the enzyme and polymers that per se are soluble in organic solvents it is possible to disperse the enzyme in the organic medium in such a way that an optically transparent (in the visible region) solution is obtained. After reaction, the separation of the enzyme from the organic medium can be obtained simply by addition of water. The enzyme can be recovered from the water phase. Physicochemical studies have revealed that the enzyme is more stable in the complex-bound form.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Adlercreutz
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Sweden
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Otamiri M, Adlercreutz P, Mattiasson B. Polymer-polymer organic solvent two-phase system: A new type of reaction medium for bioorganic synthesis. Biotechnol Bioeng 1994; 43:987-94. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260431012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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