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Patlolla RR, Deepthi P, Raveena G, Rosangzuala K, Tejaswini S, Prakasham RS, Banoth L. Lipase mediated new chemo-enzymatic synthesis of (RS)-, (R)-, and (S)-bunolol. Chirality 2024; 36:e23627. [PMID: 37957841 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The β-adrenergic receptor blocking agents are an important class of drug molecules. The present study reports a new chemo and chemo-enzymatic synthetic process for (RS)-, (R)-, and (S)-bunolol, one of the potent β-adrenergic receptor blocker. In chemo-enzymatic process, CAL L4777 lipase was employed for enantioselective kinetic resolution to synthesize the enantiopure (R)-alcohol and (S)-ester from the corresponding racemic alcohol. Thereafter, the corresponding (R)-alcohol and deacylated (S)-ester were treated with tert-butylamine to produce (S)- and (R)-bunolol, respectively. In chemical approach, epichlorohydrin (RS-, R-, and S-) was used as a starting material via respective (RS)-, (S)-, and (R)-glycidyl ether as intermediates for synthesis of enantiomeric (RS)-, (R)-, and (S)-bunolol. In comparison between two approaches, it was found that the chemo-enzymatic process was more effective and resulted in enantiomeric excess of 98% with 35% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Reddy Patlolla
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pulivarthi Deepthi
- Fluoro Agrochemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gajjala Raveena
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Khawlhring Rosangzuala
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Somarowthu Tejaswini
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Reddy Shetty Prakasham
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Linga Banoth
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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2
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Křen V, Kroutil W, Hall M. A Career in Biocatalysis: Kurt Faber. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotransformation, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Mélanie Hall
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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3
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Smith ME, Fibinger MPC, Bornscheuer UT, Masterson DS. An Investigation of the Interaction of Co-Solvent with Substrates in the Pig Liver Esterase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Malonate Esters. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen E. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Southern Mississippi; 118 College Drive 5043 Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Michael P. C. Fibinger
- Institute of Biochemistry; Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis; Greifswald University; Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry; Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis; Greifswald University; Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Douglas S. Masterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Southern Mississippi; 118 College Drive 5043 Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
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4
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Hu C, Wang N, Zhang W, Zhang S, Meng Y, Yu X. Immobilization of Aspergillus terreus lipase in self-assembled hollow nanospheres for enantioselective hydrolysis of ketoprofen vinyl ester. J Biotechnol 2015; 194:12-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Akoz E, Sayin S, Kaplan S, Yilmaz M. Improvement of catalytic activity of lipase in the presence of calix[4]arene valeric acid or hydrazine derivative. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 38:595-604. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Solvent-induced 7R-dioxygenase activity of soybean 15-lipoxygenase-1 in the formation of omega-3 DPA-derived resolvin analogs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Liu W, Luo J, Zhuang X, Shen W, Zhang Y, Li S, Hu Y, Huang H. Efficient preparation of enantiopure l-tert-leucine through immobilized penicillin G acylase catalyzed kinetic resolution in aqueous medium. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Sayin S, Akoz E, Yilmaz M. Enhanced catalysis and enantioselective resolution of racemic naproxen methyl ester by lipase encapsulated within iron oxide nanoparticles coated with calix[8]arene valeric acid complexes. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:6634-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01048e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two types of nanoparticles have been used as additives for the encapsulation of Candida rugosa lipase via the sol–gel method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Sayin
- Department of Chemistry
- Selcuk University
- Konya-42075, Turkey
| | - Enise Akoz
- Department of Chemistry
- Selcuk University
- Konya-42075, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry
- Selcuk University
- Konya-42075, Turkey
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9
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Akoz E, Akbulut OY, Yilmaz M. Calix[n]arene Carboxylic Acid Derivatives as Regulators of Enzymatic Reactions: Enhanced Enantioselectivity in Lipase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of (R/S)-Naproxen Methyl Ester. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:509-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Enhancement of the activity and enantioselectivity of lipase by sol-gel encapsulation immobilization onto β-cyclodextrin-based polymer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 166:1927-40. [PMID: 22383051 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Candida rugosa lipase was encapsulated within a chemically inert sol-gel support prepared by polycondensation with tetraethoxysilane and octyltriethoxysilane in the presence of β-cyclodextrin-based polymer. The catalytic activity of the encapsulated lipases was evaluated both in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylpalmitate and the enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic Naproxen methyl ester. It has been observed that the percent activity yield of the encapsulated lipase was 65 U/g, which is 7.5 times higher than that of the covalently immobilized lipase. The β-cyclodextrin-based encapsulated lipases had higher conversion and enantioselectivity compared with covalently immobilized lipase. The study confirms an excellent enantioselectivity (E >300) for the encapsulated lipase with an enantiomeric excess value of 98% for S-naproxen.
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12
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Yilmaz E. Enantioselective enzymatic hydrolysis of racemic drugs by encapsulation in sol-gel magnetic sporopollenin. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2011; 35:493-502. [PMID: 21932062 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-011-0622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Candida rugosa lipase was encapsulated within a sol-gel procedure and improved considerably by fluoride-catalyzed hydrolysis of mixtures of octyltriethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane in the presence of magnetic sporopollenin. The catalytic properties of the immobilized lipases were evaluated into model reactions, i.e., the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylpalmitate (p-NPP), and the enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic naproxen methyl ester, mandelic acid methyl ester or 2-phenoxypropionic acid methyl ester that were studied in aqueous buffer solution/isooctane reaction system. The encapsulated magnetic sporopollenin (Spo-M-E) was found to give 319 U/g of support with 342% activity yield. It has been observed that the percent activity yields and enantioselectivity of the magnetic sporopollenin encapsulated lipase were higher than that of the encapsulated lipase without support. The substrate specificity of the encapsulated lipase revealed more efficient hydrolysis of the racemic naproxen methyl ester and 2-phenoxypropionic acid methyl ester than racemic mandelic acid methyl ester. It was observed that excellent enantioselectivity (E > 400) was obtained for encapsulated lipase with magnetic sporopollenin with an ee value of S-Naproxen and R-2 phenoxypropionic acid about 98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
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13
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Immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase on magnetic sol–gel composite supports for enzymatic resolution of (R,S)-Naproxen methyl ester. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Yilmaz E, Can K, Sezgin M, Yilmaz M. Immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase on glass beads for enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic naproxen methyl ester. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:499-506. [PMID: 20846857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 08/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was immobilized on glutaraldehyde-activated aminopropyl glass beads by using covalent binding method or sol-gel encapsulation procedure and improved considerably by fluoride-catalyzed hydrolysis of mixtures of RSi(OCH3)3 and Si(OCH3)4. The catalytic properties of the immobilized lipases were evaluated into model reactions, i.e. the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylpalmitate (p-NPP). It has been observed that the percent activity yield of the encapsulated lipase was 166.9, which is 5.5 times higher than that of the covalently immobilized lipase. The enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic Naproxen methyl ester by immobilized lipase was studied in aqueous buffer solution/isooctane reaction system and it was noticed that particularly, the glass beads based encapsulated lipases had higher conversion and enantioselectivity compared to covalently immobilized lipase. In short, the study confirms an excellent enantioselectivity (E>400) for the encapsulated lipase with an ee value of 98% for S-Naproxen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya 42075, Turkey
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15
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Mueller N, Stueckler C, Hauer B, Baudendistel N, Housden H, Bruce N, Faber K. The Substrate Spectra of Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Reductase, Morphinone Reductase,N-Ethylmaleimide Reductase and Estrogen-Binding Protein in the Asymmetric Bioreduction of Activated Alkenes. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Enantioselective hydrolysis of rasemic naproxen methyl ester with sol–gel encapsulated lipase in the presence of sporopollenin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Gadler P, Reiter TC, Hoelsch K, Weuster-Botz D, Faber K. Enantiocomplementary inverting sec-alkylsulfatase activity in cyano- and thio-bacteria Synechococcus and Paracoccus spp.: selectivity enhancement by medium engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Ewert C, Lutz-Wahl S, Fischer L. Enantioselective conversion of α-arylnitriles by Klebsiella oxytoca. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Gadler P, Faber K. New enzymes for biotransformations: microbial alkyl sulfatases displaying stereo- and enantioselectivity. Trends Biotechnol 2007; 25:83-8. [PMID: 17150269 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 10/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The majority of hydrolytic enzymes used in white biotechnology for the production of non-natural compounds--such as carboxyl ester hydrolases, lipases and proteases--show a certain preference for a given enantiomer. However, they are unable to alter the stereochemistry of the substrate during catalysis with respect to inversion or retention of configuration. The latter can be achieved by (alkyl) sulfatases, which can be employed for the enantio-convergent transformation of racemic sulfate esters into a single stereoisomeric secondary alcohol, with a theoretical yield of 100%. This is a major improvement over traditional kinetic resolution processes, which yield both enantiomers, each at 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Gadler
- Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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20
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21
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Huang Q, Al-Azzam W, Griebenow K, Schweitzer-Stenner R. Heme structural perturbation of PEG-modified horseradish peroxidase C in aromatic organic solvents probed by optical absorption and resonance Raman dispersion spectroscopy. Biophys J 2003; 84:3285-98. [PMID: 12719258 PMCID: PMC1302889 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(03)70053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme structure perturbation of poly(ethylene glycol)-modified horseradish peroxidase (HRP-PEG) dissolved in benzene and toluene has been probed by resonance Raman dispersion spectroscopy. Analysis of the depolarization ratio dispersion of several Raman bands revealed an increase of rhombic B(1g) distortion with respect to native HRP in water. This finding strongly supports the notion that a solvent molecule has moved into the heme pocket where it stays in close proximity to one of the heme's pyrrole rings. The interactions between the solvent molecule, the heme, and the heme cavity slightly stabilize the hexacoordinate high spin state without eliminating the pentacoordinate quantum mixed spin state that is dominant in the resting enzyme. On the contrary, the model substrate benzohydroxamic acid strongly favors the hexacoordinate quantum mixed spin state and induces a B(2g)-type distortion owing to its position close to one of the heme methine bridges. These results strongly suggest that substrate binding must have an influence on the heme geometry of HRP and that the heme structure of the enzyme-substrate complex (as opposed to the resting state) must be the key to understanding the chemical reactivity of HRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3346 USA
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22
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Sehgal AC, Kelly RM. Enantiomeric resolution of 2-aryl propionic esters with hyperthermophilic and mesophilic esterases: contrasting thermodynamic mechanisms. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:8190-1. [PMID: 12105890 DOI: 10.1021/ja026512q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomeric resolution of 2-aryl propionic esters by hyperthermophilic and mesophilic esterases was found to be governed by contrasting thermodynamic mechanisms. Entropic contributions predominated for mesophilic esterases from Candida rugosa and Rhizomucor miehei, while enthalpic forces controlled this resolution by the esterase from the extremely thermoacidophilic archaeon, Sulfolobus solfataricus P1. This disparity in thermodynamic mechanism can be attributed to the differences in conformational flexibility of mesophilic and thermophilic enzymes as they relate to the temperature range (4-70 degrees C) examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabh C Sehgal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, USA
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23
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Pogorevc M, Strauss UT, Riermeier T, Faber K. Selectivity-enhancement in enantioselective hydrolysis of sec-alkyl sulfates by an alkylsulfatase from Rhodococcus ruber DSM 44541. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Pogorevc M, Faber K. Enantioselective stereoinversion of sec-alkyl sulfates by an alkylsulfatase from Rhodococcus ruber DSM 44541. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Selectivity of penicillin G acylase towards phenylacetic acid derivatives in amide bond synthesis in toluene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(01)00047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Gyo Lee E, Soon Won H, Hyun Chung B. Enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic naproxen methyl ester by two-step acetone-treated Candida rugosa lipase. Process Biochem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(01)00213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Xiu GH, Jiang L, Li P. Mass-Transfer Limitations for Immobilized Enzyme-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of Racemate in a Batch Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0003234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-hua Xiu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110021, People's Republic of China
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Shin JS, Luque S, Klibanov AM. Improving lipase enantioselectivity in organic solvents by forming substrate salts with chiral agents. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000; 69:577-83. [PMID: 10898867 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0290(20000905)69:5<577::aid-bit12>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated (J Am Chem Soc 121:3334-3340, 1999) that enzymatic enantioselectivity in organic solvents can be markedly enhanced by temporarily enlarging the substrate via salt formation. In the present study, this approach was expanded by finding that, in addition to its size, the stereochemistry of the counterion can greatly affect the enantioselectivity enhancement. For example, the enantioselectivity [E = (k(cat)/K(M))(S)/(k(cat)/K(M))(R)] of crystalline Pseudomonas cepacia lipase in the propanolysis of phenylalanine methyl ester (PheOMe) in anhydrous acetonitrile was found to be 5.8 +/- 0.6; the E value doubled when PheOMe's salt with S mandelic acid was used as a substrate instead of the free ester, and rose sevenfold with R mandelic acid as a Bronsted-Lowry acid. Similar effects were observed with other bulky, but not petite, counterions. The greatest enantioselectivity enhancement was afforded by 10-camphorsulfonic acid: the E value increased to 18 +/- 2 for a salt with its R enantiomer and jumped to 53 +/- 4 for the S. These effects, also observed in other organic solvents, were explained by means of structure-based molecular modeling of the lipase-bound transition states of the substrate enantiomers and their diastereomeric salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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29
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30
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Kim MG, Lee EG, Chung BH. Improved enantioselectivity of Candida rugosa lipase towards ketoprofen ethyl ester by a simple two-step treatment. Process Biochem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(00)00129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Scholze H, Stütz H, Paltauf F, Hermetter A. Fluorescent inhibitors for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipolytic enzymes. Anal Biochem 1999; 276:72-80. [PMID: 10585746 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1999.4278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report on the determination of active enzyme components in pure and crude lipases, using fluorescent inhibitors for covalent modification and visualization of the enzymatically active proteins. Lipase-specific compounds are triacylglycerol analogs, namely 1,2(2, 3)-di-O-alkylglyceroalkylphosphonic acid-p-nitrophenyl esters, containing a fluorescent substituent bound to the omega-end of an alkyl chain. Inhibitors derived from single-chain alcohols, such as p-nitrophenyl esters of fluorescent alkyl phosphonates, react with lipases and esterases. The p-nitrophenyl ester bond is susceptible toward nucleophilic attack by the active serine of the lipolytic enzyme. This reaction is stoichiometric, specific, and irreversible. Stable lipid-protein complexes are formed which can be analyzed on the basis of their fluorescent signal. From fluorescence intensity the moles of active serine (enzyme) were accurately determined. A lipase-specific inhibitor was used for the analysis of a commercial lipase preparation from Rhizomucor miehei. After incubation of the enzyme with the fluorescent lipid, a single fluorescence band was observed after SDS-gel electrophoresis, indicating the presence of a single lipase in the crude enzyme material. A linear correlation was obtained between fluorescence intensity and the amount of enzyme. Using a combination of different inhibitors, we were able to discriminate between lipases and esterases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Scholze
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, SFB-Biocatalysis, Petersgasse 12/2, Graz, A-8010, Austria
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32
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Griebenow K, Laureano YD, Santos AM, Clemente IM, Rodríguez L, Vidal MW, Barletta G. Improved Enzyme Activity and Enantioselectivity in Organic Solvents by Methyl-β-cyclodextrin. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja990515u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Zandonella G, Stadler P, Haalck L, Spener F, Paltauf F, Hermetter A. Interactions of fluorescent triacylglycerol analogs covalently bound to the active site of a lipase from Rhizopus oryzae. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1999; 262:63-9. [PMID: 10231365 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent triacylglycerol analogs were synthesized as covalent inhibitors of lipase activity. The respective 1(3), 2-O-dialkylglycero-3(1)-alkyl-phosphonic acid p-nitrophenyl esters contain a fluorescent pyrenealkyl chain and a long-chain alkyl residue bound to the sn-2 and sn-1(3) positions of glycerol, respectively. The phosphonic acid p-nitrophenyl ester bond is susceptible to nucleophilic substitution by the active serine residue in the catalytic triad of a lipase, leading to inactivation of the enzyme. The fluorescent dialkylglycerophosphonates contain two chiral centers, the sn-2 carbon of glycerol and the phosphorus atom. The (1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-pyrenedecyl-sn-glycero)-O-(p-nitrophenyl)-n-hex yl- phosphonate, first peak during HPLC separation and the (3-O-hexadecyl-2-O-pyrenedecyl-sn-glycero)-O-(p-nitrophenyl)-n-hex yl- phosphonate, second peak during HPLC separation were found to be potent lipase inhibitors. After incubation of an equimolar amount of these isomers with lipase from Rhizopus oryzae complete inactivation was observed. Stable conjugates containing a 1 : 1 molar ratio of lipid to protein were formed. The spatial proximity of the fluorescently labeled sn-2 alkyl chain of the inhibitor and tryptophan residues of the lipase was assessed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The extent of tryptophan fluorescence quenching and the concomitant increase in pyrene fluorescence upon excitation of lipase tryptophans was found to be similar for the above-mentioned isomers. Thus, the (labeled) sn-2 alkyl chains of a triacylglycerol analog are likely to interact with the same binding site of the R. oryzae lipase, irrespective of their steric configuration. However, it was shown that the extent of resonance energy transfer is strongly influenced by the reaction medium, indicating conformational changes of the lipase in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zandonella
- Department of Biochemistry, Technische Universität, Graz, Austria
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Dong H, Cao SG, Li ZQ, Han SP, You DL, Shen JC. Study on the enzymatic polymerization mechanism of lactone and the strategy for improving the degree of polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(19990501)37:9<1265::aid-pola6>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ke T, Klibanov AM. Markedly Enhancing Enzymatic Enantioselectivity in Organic Solvents by Forming Substrate Salts. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja984283v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ke
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Alexander M. Klibanov
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Kroutil W, Kleewein A, Faber K. A computer program for analysis, simulation and optimization of asymmetric catalytic processes proceeding through two consecutive steps. Type 1: asymmetrization-kinetic resolutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(97)00428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kroutil W, Kleewein A, Faber K. A computer program for analysis, simulation and optimization of asymmetric catalytic processes proceeding through two consecutive steps. Type 2: sequential kinetic resolutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(97)00429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
As part of our investigation of structure-activity relationships in a Candida rugosa lipase-catalyzed ester hydrolysis reaction, methyl 2-(octylsulfinyl)benzoate has been studied, with respect to rate and enantioselectivity behaviour, using two different lipase preparations. A chiral normal-phase liquid chromatography method has been developed for determination of the experimental data, degree of conversion (c) and enantiomeric excess of the substrate (ees) or the product (eep), needed for calculation of the enantioselectivity in a kinetic resolution of this kind. A recently developed new class of network-polymeric chiral stationary phases, giving baseline-resolution with high selectivities for the ester substrates as well as their corresponding carboxylic acid products, permits, without any derivatization, an accurate and direct determination of the rate of the hydrolysis reaction and of the enantioselectivity from one and the same chromatogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Löwendahl
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Göteborg University, Sweden
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[22] Solvent effect in lipase-catalyzed racemate resolution. Methods Enzymol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(97)86024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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[24] Stabilization of lipases against deactivation by acetaldehyde formed in acyl transfer reactions. Methods Enzymol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(97)86026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Lipase mediated desymmetrization of meso-2,6-di(acetoxymethyl)-tetrahydropyran-4-one derivatives. An innovative route to enantiopure 2,4,6-trifunctionalized C-glycosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0957-4166(96)00380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kwatelai Quartey E, Hustad JA, Faber K, Anthonsen T. Selectivity enhancement of PPL-catalyzed resolution by enzyme fractionation and medium engineering: Syntheses of both enantiomers of tetrahydropyran-2-methanol. Enzyme Microb Technol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(96)00029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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The Candida antarctica lipase B catalysed kinetic resolution of seudenol in non-aqueous media of controlled water activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0957-4166(95)00399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zandonella G, Haalck L, Spener F, Faber K, Paltauf F, Hermetter A. Inversion of Lipase Stereospecificity for Fluorogenic Alkyldiacyl Glycerols. Effect of Substrate Solubilization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.0050f.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Straathof A, Rakels J, van Tol J, Heijnen J. Improvement of lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution by tandem transesterification. Enzyme Microb Technol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)00102-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bianchi D, Bortolo R, Bernardi A, Gagliardi I, Ingrassia AGM. Selective enzymatic hydrolysis of aromatic diesters using esterase from Brevibacterium imperiale B222. Biotechnol Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00130356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Influence of chiral carvones on selectivity of pure lipase-B from Candida antarctica. Biotechnol Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00132022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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