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Dai Z, Wang Y, Li P, Zhang H, Gou X. The association between polymorphism of LDL-R gene and ischemic stroke risk in Chinese population: A meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26314. [PMID: 38390048 PMCID: PMC10881424 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) gene polymorphisms have been indicated to be correlated with ischemic cerebrovascular disease including ischemic stroke susceptibility. However, the results from each published study are inconsistent. Methods All eligible case-control studies that met the search terms were retrieved in PubMed, Embase, Wanfang Med Online and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. We identified seven independent case-control studies with a total of 10,355 subjects from Chinese population up to May 2023. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the susceptibility of ischemic stroke. Results Meta-analysis results indicated that rs1122608 polymorphism of LDL-R gene significantly decreased ischemic stroke risk under dominant model (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.54-0.87), heterozygote comparison (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.53-0.92) and allele comparison (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.65-0.84) in overall analysis. Furthermore, pooled analysis showed that significant associations were observed between rs688 polymorphism and ischemic stroke risk in heterozygote carriers (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.07-2.71) and dominant model (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.04-2.68) in Chinese population. Conclusions Our comprehensive meta-analysis on the role of LDL-R gene rs1122608 and rs688 polymorphisms in the risk of ischemic stroke revealed that the rs1122608 polymorphism was associated with a decreased risk, while the rs688 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke in Chinese population. Further multicenter studies were needed to confirm the effect on the susceptibility of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Dai
- Anesthesia Operation Center, The First People's Hospital of Xianyang, Xianyang, 712099, PR China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, 710004, PR China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Anesthesia Operation Center, The First People's Hospital of Xianyang, Xianyang, 712099, PR China
| | - Peidi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, 710004, PR China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, 710004, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Gou
- Anesthesia Operation Center, The First People's Hospital of Xianyang, Xianyang, 712099, PR China
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Palakurti R, Biswas N, Roy S, Gnyawali SC, Sinha M, Singh K, Ghatak S, Sen CK, Khanna S. Inducible miR-1224 silences cerebrovascular Serpine1 and restores blood flow to the stroke-affected site of the brain. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 31:276-292. [PMID: 36726407 PMCID: PMC9868883 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The α-tocotrienol (TCT) form of natural vitamin E is more potent than the better known α-tocopherol against stroke. Angiographic studies of canine stroke have revealed beneficial cerebrovascular effects of TCT. This work seeks to understand the molecular basis of such effect. In mice, TCT supplementation improved perfusion at the stroke-affected site by inducing miR-1224. miRNA profiling of a laser-capture-microdissected stroke-affected brain site identified miR-1224 as the only vascular miR induced. Lentiviral knockdown of miR-1224 significantly blunted the otherwise beneficial effects of TCT on stroke outcomes. Studies on primary brain microvascular endothelial cells revealed direct angiogenic properties of miR-1224. In mice not treated with TCT, advance stereotaxic delivery of an miR-1224 mimic to the stroke site markedly improved stroke outcomes. Mechanistic studies identified Serpine1 as a target of miR-1224. Downregulation of Serpine1 augmented the angiogenic response of the miR-1224 mimic in the brain endothelial cells. The inhibition of Serpine1, by dietary TCT and pharmacologically, increased cerebrovascular blood flow at the stroke-affected site and protected against stroke. This work assigns Serpine1, otherwise known to be of critical significance in stroke, a cerebrovascular function that worsens stroke outcomes. miR-1224-dependent inhibition of Serpine1 can be achieved by dietary TCT as well as by the small-molecule inhibitor TM5441.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichand Palakurti
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nirupam Biswas
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Surya C. Gnyawali
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mithun Sinha
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kanhaiya Singh
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Subhadip Ghatak
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Savita Khanna
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Corresponding author: Savita Khanna, PhD, Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Dai D, Tu S, Gao Z. Development and validation of a machine learning-based model for postoperative ischemic stroke in middle-aged and elderly patients with hip or knee arthroplasty. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29542. [PMID: 35905266 PMCID: PMC9333551 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative ischemic stroke in middle-aged and elderly patients with hip or knee arthroplasty remains a major postoperative challenge, little is known about its incidence and risk factors. This study sought to create a nomogram for precise prediction of ischemic stroke after hip or knee arthroplasty. Discharge data of all middle-aged and elderly patients undergoing primary hip or knee arthroplasty from May 2013 to October 2020 were queried. These patients were then followed up over time to determine their risk of ischemic stroke. Clinical parameters and blood biochemical features were analyzed by the use of univariable and multivariable generalized logistic regression analysis. A nomogram to predict the risk of ischemic stroke was constructed and validated with bootstrap resampling. Eight hundred twenty-eight patients were included for analysis; Fifty-one were diagnosed with ischemic stroke. After final regression analysis, age, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a standard deviation of red blood cell distribution width, American Society of Anesthesiologists, low-density lipoprotein, and diabetes were identified and were entered into the nomogram. The nomogram showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0. 841 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.809-0.871). The calibration curves for the probability of ischemic stroke showed optimal agreement between the probability as predicted by the nomogram and the actual probability (Hosmer-Lemeshow test: P = .818). We developed a practical nomogram that can predict the risk of ischemic stroke for middle-aged and elderly patients with hip or knee arthroplasty. This model has the potential to assist clinicians in making treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sijia Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhichao Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- *Correspondence: Gao Zhichao, Department of Orthopedics, the First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou City 311100, Zhejiang Province, China (e-mail: )
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Ma X, Liao Z, Li R, Xia W, Guo H, Luo J, Sheng H, Tian M, Cao Z. Myocardial Injury Caused by Chronic Alcohol Exposure—A Pilot Study Based on Proteomics. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134284. [PMID: 35807529 PMCID: PMC9268295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol exposure can cause myocardial degenerative diseases, manifested as cardiac insufficiency, arrhythmia, etc. These are defined as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Alcohol-mediated myocardial injury has previously been studied through metabolomics, and it has been proved to be involved in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway concerning unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, which tentatively explored the mechanism of ACM induced by chronic drinking. To further study alcohol-induced myocardial injury, myocardial specimens from a previously successfully established mouse model of ACM were subjected to histological, echocardiographic, and proteomic analyses, and validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results of histopathology and echocardiography showed the hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, the dilation of ventricles, and decreased cardiac function. Proteomic results, available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD032949, revealed 56 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, which have the potential to be involved in the KEGG pathway related to fatty acid biosynthesis disorders, lipid metabolism disorders, oxidative stress, and, ultimately, in the development of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The present study further elucidates the underlying effects of myocardial injury due to chronic alcohol intake, laying a foundation for further studies to clarify the potential mechanisms of ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Ma
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
- The Third Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zihan Liao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-Evidence Science, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Rongxuan Li
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
- The Third Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (W.X.); (H.G.)
| | - Honghui Guo
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (W.X.); (H.G.)
| | - Jiawei Luo
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-Evidence Science, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Huaxin Sheng
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Center of Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Meihui Tian
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-Evidence Science, Shenyang 110122, China
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Biology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-Evidence Science, Shenyang 110122, China
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (Z.C.)
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Zhalbinova MR, Rakhimova SE, Kozhamkulov UA, Akilzhanova GA, Kaussova GK, Akilzhanov KR, Pya YV, Lee JH, Bekbossynova MS, Akilzhanova AR. Association of Genetic Polymorphisms with Complications of Implanted LVAD Devices in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure: A Kazakhstani Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050744. [PMID: 35629166 PMCID: PMC9143784 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is one of the alternative treatments for heart failure (HF) patients. However, LVAD support is followed by thrombosis, and bleeding complications which are caused by high non-physiologic shear stress and antithrombotic/anticoagulant therapy. A high risk of complications occurs in the presence of the genotype polymorphisms which are involved in the coagulation system, hemostasis function and in the metabolism of the therapy. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in HF patients with LVAD complications. We analyzed 21 SNPs in HF patients (n = 98) with/without complications, and healthy controls (n = 95). SNPs rs9934438; rs9923231 in VKORC1, rs5918 in ITGB3 and rs2070959 in UGT1A6 demonstrated significant association with HF patients’ complications (OR (95% CI): 3.96 (1.42–11.02), p = 0.0057), (OR (95% CI): 3.55 (1.28–9.86), p = 0.011), (OR (95% CI): 5.37 (1.79–16.16), p = 0.0056) and OR (95% CI): 4.40 (1.06–18.20), p = 0.044]. Genotype polymorphisms could help to predict complications at pre- and post-LVAD implantation period, which will reduce mortality rate. Our research showed that patients can receive treatment with warfarin and aspirin with a personalized dosage and LVAD complications can be predicted by reference to their genotype polymorphisms in VKORC1, ITGB3 and UGT1A6 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madina R. Zhalbinova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (M.R.Z.); (S.E.R.); (U.A.K.)
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Saule E. Rakhimova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (M.R.Z.); (S.E.R.); (U.A.K.)
| | - Ulan A. Kozhamkulov
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (M.R.Z.); (S.E.R.); (U.A.K.)
| | - Gulbanu A. Akilzhanova
- Semey Medical University, Pavlodar Branch, Pavlodar 140000, Kazakhstan; (G.A.A.); (K.R.A.)
| | | | - Kenes R. Akilzhanov
- Semey Medical University, Pavlodar Branch, Pavlodar 140000, Kazakhstan; (G.A.A.); (K.R.A.)
| | - Yuriy V. Pya
- National Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.V.P.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Joseph H. Lee
- Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Centerx, 630 W, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | | | - Ainur R. Akilzhanova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (M.R.Z.); (S.E.R.); (U.A.K.)
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-7172-706501
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Salomi BSB, Solomon R, Turaka VP, Aaron S, Christudass CS. Cryptogenic Stroke in the Young: Role of Candidate Gene Polymorphisms in Indian Patients with Ischemic Etiology. Neurol India 2021; 69:1655-1662. [PMID: 34979665 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.333441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Strokes that remain without a definite cause even after an extensive workup, termed cryptogenic strokes, constitute up to 30-40% of ischemic strokes (ISs) in the young. Some of them can have a genetic basis. However, the well-established genetic causes account for only a small percentage of these cases. AIM To evaluate the association of cryptogenic young IS with 16 candidate gene polymorphisms. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A case-control study with cryptogenic young IS patients (South and North Indians; n = 105) and age, sex, and ethnicity-matched controls (n = 215). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Genotyping was carried out by PCR-RFLP method using DNA extracted from the blood. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Association of the genotypes with the disease was studied using Chi-square test. RESULTS MTHFR rs1801133 and KNG1 rs710446 showed significant statistical association with cryptogenic young IS (P = 0.0261 and 0.0157, respectively) in the Indian population. Significant association of KNG1 rs710446 (P 0.0036) and FXII rs1801020 (P 0.0376) with cryptogenic young stroke in South Indian males, SERPINC1 rs2227589 in South Indian female patients (P = 0.0374), and CYP4V2 rs13146272 in North Indian males (P = 0.0293) was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that in the Indian population MTHFR rs1801133, KNG rs710446, FXII rs1801020, SERPINC1 rs2227589, CYP4V2 rs13146272, and FXIII V34L may be significant risk factors for cryptogenic IS in the young. In addition, ethnicity and gender play a significant role. Further studies with larger sample size are required to completely establish these polymorphisms as risk factors for cryptogenic IS in young Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodda S B Salomi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College - Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raja Solomon
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College - Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijay Prakash Turaka
- Department of General Medicine, Christian Medical College - Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjith Aaron
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College - Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Liang J, Han R, Zhou B. Metabolic Reprogramming: Strategy for Ischemic Stroke Treatment by Ischemic Preconditioning. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050424. [PMID: 34064579 PMCID: PMC8151271 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and permanent disability worldwide. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is an endogenous protective strategy, which has been reported to exhibit a significant neuroprotective effect in reducing the incidence of ischemic stroke. However, the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms of IPC remain elusive. An increased understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of stroke and IPC serves to highlight the importance of metabolic reprogramming. In this review, we summarize the metabolic disorder and metabolic plasticity in the incidence and progression of ischemic stroke. We also elaborate how IPC fully mobilizes the metabolic reprogramming to maintain brain metabolic homeostasis, especially for energy and redox homeostasis, and finally protects brain function in the event of an ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Rongrong Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Bing Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.L.); (R.H.)
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence:
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Expression profile and bioinformatics analysis of circular RNAs in acute ischemic stroke in a South Chinese Han population. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10138. [PMID: 32576868 PMCID: PMC7311391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have found that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles not only in the normal growth and the development of different tissues and organs but also in the pathogenesis and progression of various disorders. However, the expression patterns and the function of circRNAs in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in the South Chinese Han population are unclear. In the present study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data was generated from 3 AIS patients and 3 healthy controls. The circRNAs were detected and identified by CIRI2 and Find_circ software. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses were used to detect the expression of circRNAs. Meanwhile, the potential diagnostic value of the selected circRNAs for AIS was assessed by generating receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with area under curve (AUC). The bioinformatic analysis of the host genes of differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs was performed by gene ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, KOBAS for pathway analysis and regulatory network analysis. miRNA-circRNA and miRNA-mRNA interactions were predicted by using TargetScan, miRanda and starBase. CircRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction networks were created with Cytoscape. Our result showed that there were 2270 DE circRNAs between AIS patients and healthy controls. Among them, 659 were found upregulated and 1611 were downregulated. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the DE circRNAs were related to the following biological processes: endocytosis, energy metabolism, apoptosis, FoxO signaling pathway, platelet activation, neurotrophin signaling pathway and VEGF signaling pathway, which may be associated with the pathological of AIS. Three randomly selected circRNAs were successfully validated by qRT-PCR. The results show that hsa_circ_0005548 was significantly upregulated, while hsa_circ_0000607 and hsa_circ_0002465 were significantly downregulated in AIS. Furthermore, the AUC values for hsa_circ_005548, hsa_circ_0000607 and hsa_circ_0002465 were 0.51, 0.75 and 0.69, respectively, suggesting that hsa_circ_0000607 and hsa_circ_0002465 could be potential biomarkers for AIS. In addition, Bcl2 was predicted to be a direct target of miR-337-3p, and hsa_circRNA_0000607 was predicted to act as a sponge for miR-337-3p. Thus, hsa_circ_0000607 may be involved in AIS by regulating the miR-337-3p/Bcl2 axis. Collectively, our findings indicate that numerous dysregulated circRNAs may play pivotal functional roles in AIS and hsa_circ_0000607 may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of AIS by regulating the miR-337-3p/Bcl2 axis.
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Mukhtar S, Ambati BK. The value of nutritional supplements in treating Age-Related Macular Degeneration: a review of the literature. Int Ophthalmol 2019; 39:2975-2983. [PMID: 31313070 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-019-01140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe and evaluate the value of nutritional supplements in the management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) through a review of the current literature. METHODS An extensive literature search was performed, and key research articles exploring AREDS and AREDS-2 formulations, genetics, omega fatty acids, calcium and folic acid in high-risk women were reviewed. PubMed and Web of Science databases were used for generating articles to review. RESULTS The AREDS and AREDS-2 trials, while difficult to validate, show support for antioxidant supplementation in reducing AMD progression in Caucasian populations. While genetic guided personalized medicine has been studied mainly with complement factor H and age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 risk alleles, the data have not been reproducible. Women at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease may benefit from antioxidant therapies in preventing AMD. Omega 3 fatty acid supplementation has been widely supported through observational studies; however, randomized controlled trials have not shown benefit in disease progression. Calcium exposure has been linked to increased mechanisms in cell death and may be detrimental to older individuals with AMD. CONCLUSION The data regarding nutritional supplements in preventing AMD progression are inconclusive, and therefore recommendations should be based on risk factors and demographic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Mukhtar
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Wang Y, Huang X, Liu J, Zhao X, Yu H, Cai Y. A Systems Analysis of the Relationships Between Anemia and Ischemic Stroke Rehabilitation Based on RNA-Seq Data. Front Genet 2019; 10:456. [PMID: 31178893 PMCID: PMC6543706 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the main causes of morbidity and disability worldwide due to its complex mechanism. Anemia was characterized as a risk factor of IS because the direct connection between central nervous system, blood supply, and tissue oxygen delivery. As the key oxygen-carrying molecule in the blood, hemoglobin (Hb) may be decisive in the destiny of penumbral area or influence the brain recovery and neurologic function, which could finally affect the outcome of IS. However, more detailed information on the expression levels of Hb related genes were still lacking possibly because the concentration of Hb was determined by the genes’ expression several hours ago, which may make the research more difficult to perform. This time gap between gene expressions and protein concentration could make these genes predictive bio-markers for IS outcome. In this study, we choose 28 IS patients, of which 12 were suffering from anemia. Statistical analysis results showed that the outcomes of the patients were different when dividing them into two groups characterized by Hb concentration. 2 sex and age matched patients were first chosen to perform RNA-seq analysis on, on two occasions at two different time points, after which the Hb counts were tested at least 24 h after sequencing. Results showed that the outcome of anemia patients was poor compared with non-anemia patients. Two other patients were then chosen for analysis which excluded the coincidence of other factors. The results showed that the low value of Hb under 13 g/dL in men were closely related to the poor outcome of IS patients. Differently expressed Hb related genes were tested and six genes were shown to be positively correlated with the recovery degree of IS patients: ELANE, FGF23, HBB, PIEZO1, RASA4, and PRTN3. Gene CPM was shown to be negatively correlated with clinical outcomes. All of the seven genes were validated to be related to strokes using real-time PCR or literature searches. Taken together, these genes could be considered as new predictors for the recovery of IS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Research Center for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technologies, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingxian Huang
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- Institute of Harbin Hematology & Oncology, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunpeng Cai
- Research Center for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technologies, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Anniwaer J, Liu MZ, Xue KD, Maimaiti A, Xiamixiding A. Homocysteine might increase the risk of recurrence in patients presenting with primary cerebral infarction. Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:654-659. [PMID: 30215548 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1517762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) is a risk factor for cerebral infarction, its effect on recurrent cerebral infarction is less-defined. We aimed to investigate the association of Hhcy and increased risk of recurrent cerebral infarct. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2011 to 2013, we recruited 231 primary cerebral infarct patients that were divided to a Hhcy group (n = 105) and a control group (n = 126) according to plasma homocysteinemia (Hcy) levels exceeding 15 μmol/L. In this prospective study, risk factors such as gender, age, blood lipid and glucose levels, history of diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking habits and plasma Hhcy levels were determined. A three-year follow-up compared differences in cerebral infarction recurrence rates. Statistical analyses identified whether plasma Hhcy levels were an independent risk factor for recurrent cerebral infarction. RESULTS Triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in the Hhcy group were significantly higher than controls, and cerebral infarct recurrence rates in the Hhcy group exceeded control subject rates through the three-year follow-up (p = .021, p = .036 and p = .025). Cox proportional hazards modeling showed that elevated Hhcy levels (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.062, p < .001), increased age (HR = 1.069, p < .01), circulating triglyceride levels (HR = 1.686, p = .048), and relative National Institutes of Health Stroke (NIHSS) score (HR = 1.068, p = .016) were risk factors for recurrent cerebral infarction. CONCLUSIONS Level of Hhcy was a risk factor for recurrent cerebral infarction. Further, particular demographic and clinical outcomes including age, relative NIHSS scores, and circulating triglyceride levels were markedly associated with the occurrence of cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianati Anniwaer
- a Department of Critical Medicine , The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region , Urumqi , China
| | - Meng-Zhuang Liu
- b Department of General Medicine , The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region , Urumqi , China
| | - Ke-Dong Xue
- a Department of Critical Medicine , The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region , Urumqi , China
| | - Abuduzhayier Maimaiti
- b Department of General Medicine , The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region , Urumqi , China
| | - Aersilan Xiamixiding
- a Department of Critical Medicine , The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region , Urumqi , China
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12
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Buraczynska K, Rejdak K, Buraczynska M. Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Gene Polymorphism (I405V) and Risk of Ischemic Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:2887-2891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Skrobot OA, McKnight AJ, Passmore PA, Seripa D, Mecocci P, Panza F, Kalaria R, Wilcock G, Munafò M, Erkinjuntti T, Karhunen P, Pessi T, Martiskainen M, Love S, Kehoe PG. A Validation Study of Vascular Cognitive Impairment Genetics Meta-Analysis Findings in an Independent Collaborative Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:981-9. [PMID: 27314523 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), including its severe form, vascular dementia (VaD), is the second most common form of dementia. The genetic etiology of sporadic VCI remains largely unknown. We previously conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all published genetic association studies of sporadic VCI prior to 6 July 2012, which demonstrated that APOE (ɛ4, ɛ2) and MTHFR (rs1801133) variants were associated with susceptibility for VCI. De novo genotyping was conducted in a new independent relatively large collaborative European cohort of VaD (nmax = 549) and elderly non-demented samples (nmax = 552). Where available, genotype data derived from Illumina's 610-quad array for 1210 GERAD1 control samples were also included in analyses of genes examined. Associations were tested using the Cochran-Armitage trend test: MTHFR rs1801133 (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.16-1.58, p = <0.0001), APOE rs7412 (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.42-0.90, p = 0.01), and APOE rs429358 (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.17-2.16, p = 0.003). Association was also observed with APOE epsilon alleles; ɛ4 (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.35-2.52, p = <0.0001) and ɛ2 (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.46-0.98, p = 0.03). Logistic regression and Bonferroni correction in a subgroup of the cohort adjusted for gender, age, and population maintained the association of APOE rs429358 and ɛ4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Anna Skrobot
- Dementia Research Group, University of Bristol, Level 1, Learning & Research, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Amy Jayne McKnight
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, c/o Regional Genetics Centre, Level A, Tower Block, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Peter Anthony Passmore
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Block B, Queens University Belfast, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Davide Seripa
- Geriatric Unit & Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Ospedale S.M. della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- Geriatric Unit & Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.,Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Rajesh Kalaria
- Institute of Neuroscience, NIHR Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing & Vitality Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gordon Wilcock
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Marcus Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Timo Erkinjuntti
- Department of Neurology and Memory Research Unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS, Finland
| | - Pekka Karhunen
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Tampere University Hospital region, Finland
| | - Tanja Pessi
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Tampere University Hospital region, Finland
| | - Mika Martiskainen
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Tampere University Hospital region, Finland
| | - Seth Love
- Dementia Research Group, University of Bristol, Level 1, Learning & Research, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Patrick Gavin Kehoe
- Dementia Research Group, University of Bristol, Level 1, Learning & Research, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Nguyen VA, Carey LM, Giummarra L, Faou P, Cooke I, Howells DW, Tse T, Macaulay SL, Ma H, Davis SM, Donnan GA, Crewther SG. A Pathway Proteomic Profile of Ischemic Stroke Survivors Reveals Innate Immune Dysfunction in Association with Mild Symptoms of Depression - A Pilot Study. Front Neurol 2016; 7:85. [PMID: 27379006 PMCID: PMC4907034 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression after stroke is a common occurrence, raising questions as to whether depression could be a long-term biological and immunological sequela of stroke. Early explanations for post-stroke depression (PSD) focused on the neuropsychological/psychosocial effects of stroke on mobility and quality of life. However, recent investigations have revealed imbalances of inflammatory cytokine levels in association with PSD, though to date, there is only one published proteomic pathway analysis testing this hypothesis. Thus, we examined the serum proteome of stroke patients (n = 44, mean age = 63.62 years) and correlated these with the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores at 3 months post-stroke. Overall, the patients presented with mild depression symptoms on the MADRS, M = 6.40 (SD = 7.42). A discovery approach utilizing label-free relative quantification was employed utilizing an LC-ESI–MS/MS coupled to a LTQ-Orbitrap Elite (Thermo-Scientific). Identified peptides were analyzed using the gene set enrichment approach on several different genomic databases that all indicated significant downregulation of the complement and coagulation systems with increasing MADRS scores. Complement and coagulation systems are traditionally thought to play a key role in the innate immune system and are established precursors to the adaptive immune system through pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling. Both systems are known to be globally affected after ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Thus, our results suggest that lowered complement expression in the periphery in conjunction with depressive symptoms post-stroke may be a biomarker for incomplete recovery of brain metabolic needs, homeostasis, and inflammation following ischemic stroke damage. Further proteomic investigations are now required to construct the temporal profile, leading from acute lesion damage to manifestation of depressive symptoms. Overall, the findings provide support for the involvement of inflammatory and immune mechanisms in PSD symptoms and further demonstrate the value and feasibility of the proteomic approach in stroke research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh A Nguyen
- Occupational Therapy, College of Science Health and Engineering, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Stroke, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leeanne M Carey
- Occupational Therapy, College of Science Health and Engineering, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Stroke, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Loretta Giummarra
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Pierre Faou
- School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Ira Cooke
- School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - David W Howells
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania , Hobart, TAS , Australia
| | - Tamara Tse
- Occupational Therapy, College of Science Health and Engineering, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Stroke, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Lance Macaulay
- Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Henry Ma
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen M Davis
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Donnan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sheila G Crewther
- Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Stroke, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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González-Giraldo Y, Barreto GE, Fava C, Forero DA. Ischemic Stroke and Six Genetic Variants in CRP, EPHX2, FGA, and NOTCH3 Genes: A Meta-Analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 25:2284-9. [PMID: 27266621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. As genetic heritability for IS is estimated at about 35%-40%, the identification of genetic variants associated with IS risk is of great importance. The main objective of this study was to carry out a meta-analysis for polymorphisms in CRP, EPHX2, FGA, and NOTCH3 genes and the risk for IS. METHODS Literature search for 6 candidate polymorphisms and IS was conducted using HuGE Navigator, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Meta-Analyst program was used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) with a random effects model. RESULTS Twenty-five published studies for 6 candidate polymorphisms were included: CRP-rs1800947 (5 studies), CRP-rs1205 (3 studies), EPHX2-rs751141 (5 studies), FGA-rs6050 (6 studies), NOTCH3-rs3815188 (3 studies), and NOTCH3-rs1043994 (3 studies), for a total number of 7,825 IS cases and 56,532 control subjects. We did not find significant pooled ORs (P values > .05) for any of the genetic variants evaluated in this work. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis results did not show significant associations between these 6 polymorphisms in 4 candidate genes and IS, despite the functional role of some of these single nucleotide polymorphisms (e.g., rs6050 in FGA gene). Future studies are needed to identify additional main genetic risk factors for IS in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeimy González-Giraldo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristiano Fava
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Diego A Forero
- Laboratory of NeuroPsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia; Laboratory of NeuroPsychiatric Genetics, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia.
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16
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Nutritional habits, lifestyle, and genetic predisposition in cardiovascular and metabolic traits in Turkish population. Nutrition 2015; 32:693-701. [PMID: 26856649 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular and metabolic traits (CMT) are influenced by complex interactive processes including diet, lifestyle, and genetic predisposition. The present study investigated the interactions of these risk factors in relation to CMTs in the Turkish population. METHODS We applied bootstrap agglomerative hierarchical clustering and Bayesian network learning algorithms to identify the causative relationships among genes involved in different biological mechanisms (i.e., lipid metabolism, hormone metabolism, cellular detoxification, aging, and energy metabolism), lifestyle (i.e., physical activity, smoking behavior, and metropolitan residency), anthropometric traits (i.e., body mass index, body fat ratio, and waist-to-hip ratio), and dietary habits (i.e., daily intakes of macro- and micronutrients) in relation to CMTs (i.e., health conditions and blood parameters). RESULTS We identified significant correlations between dietary habits (soybean and vitamin B12 intakes) and different cardiometabolic diseases that were confirmed by the Bayesian network-learning algorithm. Genetic factors contributed to these disease risks also through the pleiotropy of some genetic variants (i.e., F5 rs6025 and MTR rs180508). However, we also observed that certain genetic associations are indirect since they are due to the causative relationships among the CMTs (e.g., APOC3 rs5128 is associated with low-density lipoproteins cholesterol and, by extension, total cholesterol). CONCLUSIONS Our study applied a novel approach to integrate various sources of information and dissect the complex interactive processes related to CMTs. Our data indicated that complex causative networks are present: causative relationships exist among CMTs and are affected by genetic factors (with pleiotropic and non-pleiotropic effects) and dietary habits.
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17
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Linking genes to neurological clinical practice: the genomic basis for neurorehabilitation. J Neurol Phys Ther 2015; 39:52-61. [PMID: 25415554 DOI: 10.1097/npt.0000000000000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale genomics projects such as the Human Genome Project and the International HapMap Project promise significant advances in the ability to diagnose and treat many conditions, including those with a neurological basis. A major focus of research has emerged in the neurological sciences to elucidate the molecular and genetic basis of various neurological diseases. Indeed, genetic factors are implicated in susceptibility for many neurological disorders, with family history studies providing strong evidence of familial risk for conditions such as stroke, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. Heritability studies also suggest a strong genetic contribution to the risk for neurological diseases. Genome-wide association studies are also uncovering novel genetic variants associated with neurological disorders. Whole-genome and exome sequencing are likely to provide novel insights into the genetic basis of neurological disorders. Genetic factors are similarly associated with clinical phenotypes such as symptom severity and progression as well as response to treatment. Specifically, disease progression and functional restoration depend, in part, on the capacity for neural plasticity within residual neural tissues. Furthermore, such plasticity may be influenced in part by the presence of polymorphisms in several genes known to orchestrate neural plasticity including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Apolipoprotein E. (APOE). It is important for neurorehabilitation therapist practicing in the "genomic era" to be aware of the potential influence of genetic factors during clinical encounters, as advances in molecular sciences are revealing information of critical relevance to the clinical rehabilitation management of individuals with neurological conditions. Video Abstract available (See Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A88) for more insights from the authors.
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18
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Cheng YC, Cole JW, Kittner SJ, Mitchell BD. Genetics of ischemic stroke in young adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 7:383-92. [PMID: 24951665 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Cheng
- From the Research and Development Program (Y.-C.C.), Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.), and Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center (B.D.M.), Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.
| | - John W Cole
- From the Research and Development Program (Y.-C.C.), Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.), and Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center (B.D.M.), Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Steven J Kittner
- From the Research and Development Program (Y.-C.C.), Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.), and Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center (B.D.M.), Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- From the Research and Development Program (Y.-C.C.), Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.), and Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center (B.D.M.), Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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Genetic variations in the thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor gene and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Res 2014; 134:610-6. [PMID: 25042727 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An imbalance between coagulation and fibrinolytic system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of arterial thrombosis. It has been identified that elevated plasma thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) concentration, an anti-fibrinolytic factor, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). But the effect of genetic variations in TAFI gene on the risk of CVD is inconclusive. OBJECTIVES To investigate the associations between two variants Ala147Thr(rs3742264) and Thr325Ile(rs1926447) in TAFI and the risk of CVD. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of eligible studies published before January 2014. Coronary heart disease(CHD) and stroke are regarded as end-points of CVD. RESULTS A total of 18 articles including 23 studies were enrolled. Among these articles were 19 studies of Ala147Thr and 15 of Thr325Ile variants, comprising 4,977 CVD patients and 8,082 controls together with 4,890 cases and 8,311 controls, respectively. There were no significant associations between Ala147Thr variant and CVD under allele, dominant, recessive genetic models. Similar results were observed when end-point, ethnicity, sample size, genotyping method were taken into account. Likewise, meta-analysis of Thr325Ile variant did not show significant associations with CVD under three genetic models. Nevertheless, in sub-analysis based on end-point, the TT(Ile/Ile) genotype was associated with a 25% higher risk of coronary heart disease(CHD) (OR=1.25, 95%CI, 1.02-1.54; P=0.03) compared with TC+CC(Thr/Ile+Thr/Thr) genotype(recessive model). CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis failed to confirm the influence of Ala147Thr and Thr325Ile variants on the susceptibility to CVD. However, potentially increased risk of CHD was detected in Ile325 allele carriers under recessive model.
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Williams SR, Yang Q, Chen F, Liu X, Keene KL, Jacques P, Chen WM, Weinstein G, Hsu FC, Beiser A, Wang L, Bookman E, Doheny KF, Wolf PA, Zilka M, Selhub J, Nelson S, Gogarten SM, Worrall BB, Seshadri S, Sale MM. Genome-wide meta-analysis of homocysteine and methionine metabolism identifies five one carbon metabolism loci and a novel association of ALDH1L1 with ischemic stroke. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004214. [PMID: 24651765 PMCID: PMC3961178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating homocysteine levels (tHcy), a product of the folate one carbon metabolism pathway (FOCM) through the demethylation of methionine, are heritable and are associated with an increased risk of common diseases such as stroke, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and dementia. The FOCM is the sole source of de novo methyl group synthesis, impacting many biological and epigenetic pathways. However, the genetic determinants of elevated tHcy (hyperhomocysteinemia), dysregulation of methionine metabolism and the underlying biological processes remain unclear. We conducted independent genome-wide association studies and a meta-analysis of methionine metabolism, characterized by post-methionine load test tHcy, in 2,710 participants from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) and 2,100 participants from the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) clinical trial, and then examined the association of the identified loci with incident stroke in FHS. Five genes in the FOCM pathway (GNMT [p = 1.60 × 10(-63)], CBS [p = 3.15 × 10(-26)], CPS1 [p = 9.10 × 10(-13)], ALDH1L1 [p = 7.3 × 10(-13)] and PSPH [p = 1.17 × 10(-16)]) were strongly associated with the difference between pre- and post-methionine load test tHcy levels (ΔPOST). Of these, one variant in the ALDH1L1 locus, rs2364368, was associated with incident ischemic stroke. Promoter analyses reveal genetic and epigenetic differences that may explain a direct effect on GNMT transcription and a downstream affect on methionine metabolism. Additionally, a genetic-score consisting of the five significant loci explains 13% of the variance of ΔPOST in FHS and 6% of the variance in VISP. Association between variants in FOCM genes with ΔPOST suggest novel mechanisms that lead to differences in methionine metabolism, and possibly the epigenome, impacting disease risk. These data emphasize the importance of a concerted effort to understand regulators of one carbon metabolism as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Williams
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fang Chen
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Keith L. Keene
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Health Disparities Research, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Paul Jacques
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Galit Weinstein
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alexa Beiser
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ebony Bookman
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kimberly F. Doheny
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Philip A. Wolf
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michelle Zilka
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jacob Selhub
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah Nelson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephanie M. Gogarten
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bradford B. Worrall
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Neurology University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michèle M. Sale
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jansen R, Batista S, Brooks AI, Tischfield JA, Willemsen G, van Grootheest G, Hottenga JJ, Milaneschi Y, Mbarek H, Madar V, Peyrot W, Vink JM, Verweij CL, de Geus EJC, Smit JH, Wright FA, Sullivan PF, Boomsma DI, Penninx BWJH. Sex differences in the human peripheral blood transcriptome. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:33. [PMID: 24438232 PMCID: PMC3904696 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomes of men and women differ in only a limited number of genes located on the sex chromosomes, whereas the transcriptome is far more sex-specific. Identification of sex-biased gene expression will contribute to understanding the molecular basis of sex-differences in complex traits and common diseases. RESULTS Sex differences in the human peripheral blood transcriptome were characterized using microarrays in 5,241 subjects, accounting for menopause status and hormonal contraceptive use. Sex-specific expression was observed for 582 autosomal genes, of which 57.7% was upregulated in women (female-biased genes). Female-biased genes were enriched for several immune system GO categories, genes linked to rheumatoid arthritis (16%) and genes regulated by estrogen (18%). Male-biased genes were enriched for genes linked to renal cancer (9%). Sex-differences in gene expression were smaller in postmenopausal women, larger in women using hormonal contraceptives and not caused by sex-specific eQTLs, confirming the role of estrogen in regulating sex-biased genes. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that sex-bias in gene expression is extensive and may underlie sex-differences in the prevalence of common diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Rs2200733 and rs10033464 on chromosome 4q25 confer risk of cardioembolic stroke: an updated meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5977-85. [PMID: 24065534 PMCID: PMC3824842 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A recent genome-wide association study elucidated that 4q25 was implicated in ischemic stroke, but subsequent studies showed inconsistent results. In order to get coincident conclusion, we investigated two SNPs (rs2200733, rs10033464) on chromosome 4q25 in 1,388 stroke patients and 1,629 controls from Chinese Han population and then performed a meta-analysis. Although we failed to detect any association between 4q25 and stroke in our case-control study, meta-analysis revealed that rs2200733 showed association with overall stroke (OR 1.18, 95 % CI 1.08-1.27), but not for rs10033464. Subsequently subgroup analysis indicated that both rs2200733 and rs10033464 conferred increased risk for cardioembolic stroke (CE stroke) (for rs2200733, OR 1.38, 95 % CI 1.26-1.51; for rs10033464, OR 1.14, 95 % CI 1.02-1.26), while rs2200733 was marginal associated with non-CE stroke (OR 1.09, 95 % CI 1.02-1.16). our results demonstrated that two SNPs (rs2200733 and rs1003346) on chromosome 4q25 were limited to the stroke of cardioembolic etiology. To confirm this conclusion, well-designed studies with larger sample size involving case-control populations with homogeneous ancestry warrant to be conducted in the future.
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Goncharova IA, Babushkina NP, Minaycheva LI, Markova VV, Kulish EV, Salakhov RR, Makeeva OA, Puzyrev VP. Prevalence of alleles of polymorphic variants Leu33Pro and Leu66Arg gene ITGB3 among inhabitants of Siberia. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795413070053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Homocysteine induces cerebral endothelial cell death by activating the acid sphingomyelinase ceramide pathway. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 45:21-7. [PMID: 23665108 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) levels may rise after a stroke, but the mechanism of Hcy-induced cerebral endothelial cell (CEC) dysfunction has not been explored. In this study we examined the role of the acid sphingomyelinase (Asm)-ceramide pathway in the molecular mechanism of Hcy-induced CEC dysfunction. Murine CECs were prepared from fresh mouse brains. CECs were treated with 50-500 μM Hcy and 30-100 μM C2-ceramide for 48 h. Sphingomyelinase assays were performed to determine Asm activity. Quantitative assessments of cell survival and death by the MTT reduction and LDH release were conducted. Treatment of murine CECs with Hcy and ceramide caused cell death in a dose-dependent manner as determined by LDH and MTT assays. 250 μM Hcy and 50 μM C2-ceramide caused 50% cell death. Hcy induced murine CEC death also occurred in a time-dependant manner with substantial cell death noted as early as 24h after Hcy exposure. C2-ceramide-induced murine CEC death occurred earlier than Hcy-induced cell death by about 18h. Hcy treatment increased Asm activity and intracellular ceramide accumulation. This study demonstrated that Hcy and C2-ceramide can cause murine CEC death. Hcy induces CEC death possibly by activating the Asm-ceramide pathway.
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Kim G, Kim E. The Effects of Antecedent Exercise on Motor Function Recovery and Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression after Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. J Phys Ther Sci 2013; 25:553-6. [PMID: 24259800 PMCID: PMC3804980 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.25.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] In the present study, we investigated the effect of antecedent exercise on
functional recovery and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression following
focal cerebral ischemia injury. [Subjects] The rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)
model was employed. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups.
Group I included untreated normal rats (n=10); Group II included untreated rats with focal
cerebral ischemia (n=10); Group III included rats that performed treadmill exercise (20
m/min) training after focal cerebral ischemia (n=10); and Group IV included rats that
performed antecedent treadmill exercise (20 m/min) training before focal cerebral ischemia
(n=10) as well as treadmill exercise after ischemia. At different time points (1, 7, 14,
and 21 days) Garcia’s score, and the hippocampal expressions level of BDNF were examined.
[Results] In the antecedent exercise group, improvements in the motor behavior index
(Garcia’s score) were observed and hippocampal BDNF protein expression levels increased.
[Conclusion] These results indicate that antecedent treadmill exercise, before permanent
brain ischemia exerts a neuroprotective effect against ischemia brain injury by improving
motor performance and increasing the level of BDNF expression. Furthermore, the antecedent
treadmill exercise of appropriate intensity is critical for post-stroke
rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeyeop Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Dongshin University
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Kim G, Kim E. The Effects of Antecedent Exercise on Motor Function Recovery and Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression after Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. J Phys Ther Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1589/jpts.25.5_553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gyeyeop Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Dongshin University
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nambu University: Chemdan, Jungang 1-ro, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 506-706, Republic of Korea
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Lopez MF, Sarracino DA, Prakash A, Athanas M, Krastins B, Rezai T, Sutton JN, Peterman S, Gvozdyak O, Chou S, Lo E, Buonanno F, Ning M. Discrimination of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes using a multiplexed, mass spectrometry-based assay for serum apolipoproteins coupled to multi-marker ROC algorithm. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 6:190-200. [PMID: 22532455 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Typically, apolipoproteins are individually measured in blood by immunoassay. In this report, we describe the development of a multiplexed selected reaction monitoring (SRM) based assay for a panel of apolipoproteins and its application to a clinical cohort of samples derived from acute stroke patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN An SRM assay for a panel of nine apolipoproteins was developed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Quantitative data for each apolipoprotein were analyzed to determine expression ratio and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) values for ischemic versus hemorrhagic stroke. RESULTS The optimized SRM assay was used to interrogate a small cohort of well-characterized plasma samples obtained from patients with acute ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. The ROC analyses demonstrated good classification power for several single apolipoproteins, most notably apoC-III and apoC-I. When a novel multi-marker ROC algorithm was applied, the ischemic versus hemorrhagic groups were best differentiated by a combination of apoC-III and apoA-I with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.92. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This proof-of-concept study provides interesting and provocative data for distinguishing ischemic versus hemorrhage within first week of symptom onset. However, the observations are based on one cohort of patient samples and further confirmation will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Lopez
- ThermoFisher Scientific BRIMS, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Pi Y, Zhang L, Yang Q, Li B, Guo L, Fang C, Gao C, Wang J, Xiang J, Li J. Apolipoprotein A5 Gene Promoter Region -1131T/C Polymorphism Is Associated with Risk of Ischemic Stroke and Elevated Triglyceride Levels: A Meta-Analysis. Cerebrovasc Dis 2012; 33:558-65. [PMID: 22688093 DOI: 10.1159/000338781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Pi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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Update on the role of cannabinoid receptors after ischemic stroke. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:824093. [PMID: 22577257 PMCID: PMC3337695 DOI: 10.1155/2012/824093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids are considered as key mediators in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. In particular, they have been shown to reduce the ischemic injury after acute cardiovascular events, such as acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. These protective and anti-inflammatory properties on peripheral tissues and circulating inflammatory have been demonstrated to involve their binding with both selective cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) transmembrane receptors. On the other hands, the recent discoveries of novel different classes of cannabinoids and receptors have increased the complexity of this system in atherosclerosis. Although only preliminary data have been reported on the activities of novel cannabinoid receptors, several studies have already investigated the role of CB1 and CB2 receptors in ischemic stroke. While CB1 receptor activation has been shown to directly reduce atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, controversial data have been shown on neurotransmission and neuroprotection after stroke. Given its potent anti-inflammatory activities on circulating leukocytes, the CB2 activation has been proven to produce protective effects against acute poststroke inflammation. In this paper, we will update evidence on different cannabinoid-triggered avenues to reduce inflammation and neuronal injury in acute ischemic stroke.
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Park YK, Bang OS, Cha MH, Kim J, Cole JW, Lee D, Kim YJ. SigCS base: an integrated genetic information resource for human cerebral stroke. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2011; 5 Suppl 2:S10. [PMID: 22784567 PMCID: PMC3287476 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-s2-s10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background To understand how stroke risk factors mechanistically contribute to stroke, the genetic components regulating each risk factor need to be integrated and evaluated with respect to biological function and through pathway-based algorithms. This resource will provide information to researchers studying the molecular and genetic causes of stroke in terms of genomic variants, genes, and pathways. Methods Reported genetic variants, gene structure, phenotypes, and literature information regarding stroke were collected and extracted from publicly available databases describing variants, genome, proteome, functional annotation, and disease subtypes. Stroke related candidate pathways and etiologic genes that participate significantly in risk were analyzed in terms of canonical pathways in public biological pathway databases. These efforts resulted in a relational database of genetic signals of cerebral stroke, SigCS base, which implements an effective web retrieval system. Results The current version of SigCS base documents 1943 non-redundant genes with 11472 genetic variants and 165 non-redundant pathways. The web retrieval system of SigCS base consists of two principal search flows, including: 1) a gene-based variant search using gene table browsing or a keyword search, and, 2) a pathway-based variant search using pathway table browsing. SigCS base is freely accessible at http://sysbio.kribb.re.kr/sigcs. Conclusions SigCS base is an effective tool that can assist researchers in the identification of the genetic factors associated with stroke by utilizing existing literature information, selecting candidate genes and variants for experimental studies, and examining the pathways that contribute to the pathophysiological mechanisms of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kyu Park
- Medical Genome Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
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Raz N, Yang Y, Dahle CL, Land S. Volume of white matter hyperintensities in healthy adults: contribution of age, vascular risk factors, and inflammation-related genetic variants. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1822:361-9. [PMID: 21889590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with appearance of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI scans. Vascular risk and inflammation, which increase with age, may contribute to white matter deterioration and proliferation of WMH. We investigated whether circulating biomarkers and genetic variants associated with elevated vascular risk and inflammation are associated with WMH volume in healthy adults (144 volunteers, 44-77 years of age). We examined association of WMH volume with age, sex, hypertension, circulating levels of total plasma homocysteine (tHcy), cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein), and C-reactive protein (CRP), and four polymorphisms related to vascular risk and inflammation: Apolipoprotein ε (ApoE ε2,3,4), Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T, C-reactive protein (CRP)-286C>A>T, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) C-511T. We found that larger WMH volume was associated with advanced age, hypertension, and elevated levels of homocysteine and CRP but not with low-density lipoprotein levels. Homozygotes for IL-1β-511T allele and carriers of CRP-286T allele that are associated with increased inflammatory response had larger WMH than the other allelic combinations. Carriers of the APOE ε2 allele had larger frontal WMH than ε3 homozygotes and ε4 carriers did. Thus, in healthy adults, who are free of neurological and vascular disease, genetic variants that promote inflammation and elevated levels of vascular risk biomarkers can contribute to brain abnormalities. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Imaging Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naftali Raz
- Institute of Gerontology and Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Lipoprotein lipase Ser447Ter polymorphism associated with the risk of ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis. Thromb Res 2011; 128:e107-12. [PMID: 21816453 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies suggested lipoprotein lipase (LPL) Ser447Ter and Asn291Ser polymorphisms were associated with the risk of ischemic heart disease, however, their effects on ischemic stroke were controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the associations between these two LPL polymorphisms and the risk of ischemic stroke. METHODS The electronic databases PubMed and Embase were used to identify relevant studies by two interviews independently. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated for the risk of ischemic stroke and the plasma lipids in various Ser447Ter genotypes respectively. A fixed or random effect model was selected for pooling data based on homogeneity test. RESULTS 13 studies including 4,681 ischemic stroke cases and 8,516 controls were involved in this meta-analysis. Overall, LPL Ter447 variant was associated with a significantly reduced risk for ischemic stroke (OR=0.79, 95% CI: 0.68-0.93) both in Caucasian (OR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.77-0.97) and East-Asian (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.99), whereas no significant association of Ser291 variant was observed (OR=1.25, 95% CI: 0.96-1.63). The Ser447Ter polymorphism may be more important in association with the decreased risk of atherosclerotic stroke (OR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.32-0.62) which derived from significantly increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol, decreased triglyceride and total cholesterol in Ter447 carriers compared with non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicated that LPL Ser447Ter polymorphism was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of ischemic stroke, especially atherosclerotic stroke subtype in both Caucasian and East-Asian.
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Hemendinger RA, Armstrong EJ, Brooks BR. Methyl Vitamin B12 but not methylfolate rescues a motor neuron-like cell line from homocysteine-mediated cell death. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 251:217-25. [PMID: 21237187 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 01/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine is an excitatory amino acid implicated in multiple diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Information on the toxicity of homocysteine in motor neurons is limited and few studies have examined how this toxicity can be modulated. In NSC-34D cells (a hybrid cell line derived from motor neuron-neuroblastoma), homocysteine induces apoptotic cell death in the millimolar range with a TC₅₀ (toxic concentration at which 50% of maximal cell death is achieved) of 2.2 mM, confirmed by activation of caspase 3/7. Induction of apoptosis was independent of short-term reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Methyl Vitamin B12 (MeCbl) and methyl tetrahydrofolate (MTHF), used clinically to treat elevated homocysteine levels, were tested for their ability to reverse homocysteine-mediated motor neuron cell death. MeCbl in the micromolar range was able to provide neuroprotection (2 h pretreatment prior to homocysteine) and neurorescue (simultaneous exposure with homocysteine) against millimolar homocysteine with an IC₅₀ (concentration at which 50% of maximal cell death is inhibited) of 0.6 μM and 0.4 μM, respectively. In contrast, MTHF (up to 10 μM) had no effect on homocysteine-mediated cell death. MeCbl inhibited caspase 3/7 activation by homocysteine in a time- and dose-dependent manner, whereas MTHF had no effect. We conclude that MeCbl is effective against homocysteine-induced cell death in motor neurons in a ROS-independent manner, via a reduction in caspase activation and apoptosis. MeCbl decreases Hcy induced motor neuron death in vitro in a hybrid cell line derived from motor neuron-neuroblastoma and may play a role in the treatment of late stage ALS where HCy levels are increased in animal models of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richelle A Hemendinger
- Motor Neuron Cell Biology Group, Department of Neurology, Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA.
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