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Galozzi P, Bindoli S, Baggio C, Battisti I, Leonardi A, Basso D, Arrigoni G, Sfriso P. Proteomic Profiling of Tears in Blau Syndrome Patients in Identification of Potential Disease Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8387. [PMID: 39125957 PMCID: PMC11312868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Blau syndrome (BS) is a rare autoinflammatory granulomatosis characterized by granulomatous arthritis, uveitis, and dermatitis. Ocular complications are particularly severe in BS, significantly contributing to morbidity. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers for BS ocular degeneration through proteomic profiling of tear samples from affected patients. Seven subjects from the same family, including four carriers of the BS-associated NOD2 mutation (p.E383K), were recruited alongside healthy controls. Tear samples were collected using Schirmer strips and analyzed via mass spectrometry. A total of 387 proteins were identified, with significant differences in protein expression between BS patients, healthy familial subjects, and healthy controls. Key findings include the overexpression of alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) and immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 4 (IGHG4) in BS patients. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that differentially expressed proteins are involved in acute-phase response, extracellular exosome formation, and protein binding. Notably, neutrophils' azurophilic granule components, as azurocidin (AZU1), myeloperoxidases (MPO), and defensins (DEFA3), were highly expressed in the most severely affected subject, suggesting a potential role of neutrophils in BS ocular severity. These proteins might be promising biomarkers for ocular involvement in BS, facilitating early detection and tailored treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Galozzi
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bindoli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Baggio
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Battisti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Leonardi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Basso
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Sfriso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
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2
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Nguyen SN, Le SH, Ivanov DG, Ivetic N, Nazy I, Kaltashov IA. Structural Characterization of a Pathogenic Antibody Underlying Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT). Anal Chem 2024; 96:6209-6217. [PMID: 38607319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare but dangerous side effect of adenoviral-vectored COVID-19 vaccines. VITT had been linked to production of autoantibodies recognizing platelet factor 4 (PF4). Here, we characterize anti-PF4 antibodies obtained from a VITT patient's blood. Intact mass measurements indicate that a significant fraction of these antibodies represent a limited number of clones. MS analysis of large antibody fragments (the light chain and the Fc/2 and Fd fragments of the heavy chain) confirms the monoclonal nature of this component of the anti-PF4 antibodies repertoire and reveals the presence of a mature complex biantennary N-glycan within the Fd segment. Peptide mapping using two complementary proteases and LC-MS/MS was used to determine the amino acid sequence of the entire light chain and over 98% of the heavy chain (excluding a short N-terminal segment). The sequence analysis allows the monoclonal antibody to be assigned to the IgG2 subclass and verifies that the light chain belongs to the λ-type. Incorporation of enzymatic de-N-glycosylation into the peptide mapping routine allows the N-glycan in the Fab region of the antibody to be localized to the framework 3 region of the VH domain. This novel N-glycosylation site is the result of a single mutation within the germline sequence. Peptide mapping also provides information on lower-abundance (polyclonal) components of the anti-PF4 antibody ensemble, revealing the presence of all four subclasses (IgG1-IgG4) and both types of the light chain (λ and κ). This case study demonstrates the power of combining the intact, middle-down, and bottom-up MS approaches for meaningful characterization of ultralow quantities of pathogenic antibodies extracted directly from patients' blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son N Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Si-Hung Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Daniil G Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Nikola Ivetic
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ishac Nazy
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Igor A Kaltashov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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3
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Sun G, Chen H, Xia J, Li T, Ye H, Li J, Zhang X, Cheng Y, Wang K, Shi J, Wang P. Diagnostic performance of anti-MAGEA family protein autoantibodies in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111041. [PMID: 37866309 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
MAGEA family proteins are immunogenic and can produce corresponding autoantibodies, and we aim to evaluate the diagnostic value of anti-MAGEA family protein autoantibodies in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Protein chip was used to detect the expression level of anti-MAGEA autoantibodies (IgG and IgM) in 20 mixed serum samples. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was adopted to determine the expression level of autoantibodies in 1019 serum samples (423 ESCC, 423 healthy control (HC), 173 benign esophageal disease (BED)), and stepwise logistic regression analysis was used for developing a diagnostic model. Eight anti-MAGEA autoantibodies were screened out based on the protein chip. The levels of 7 autoantibodies (MAGEA1-IgG, MAGEA3-IgG, MAGEA3-IgM, MAGEA4-IgG, MAGEA6-IgG, MAGEA10-IgG, MAGEA12-IgG) in ESCC were significantly higher than that in HC, and the levels of anti-MAGEA1 IgG, anti-MAGEA3-IgG, anti-MAGEA4-IgG, anti-MAGEA10-IgG and anti-MAGEA12-IgG autoantibodies in ESCC group were significantly higher than those in BED group. The area under curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of the logistic regression model (MAGEA1-IgG, MAGEA4-IgG, MAGEA6-IgG, MAGEA12-IgG) in the training set and the validation set were 0.725 and 0.698, 55.2% and 51.8%, 80.4% and 84.5%, respectively, in distinguishing ESCC and HC. The model also could distinguish between ESCC and BED, with the AUC of 0.743, sensitivity of 55.4% and specificity of 89.0%. The positive rate of the model combined with cytokeratin 19 fragment to diagnose ESCC reached 78.0%. The study identified anti-MAGEA autoantibodies with potential diagnostic value for ESCC, which may provide new promising for the detection of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Huili Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Junfen Xia
- Office of Health Care, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Tiandong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Keyan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China; Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China; Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China.
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4
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Sun Z, Huang M, Sokolowska I, Cao R, Chang K, Hu P, Mo J. Impact of Trisulfide on the Structure and Function of Different Antibody Constructs. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2637-2643. [PMID: 37595748 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Trisulfide is a post-translational modification (PTM) commonly found in recombinant antibodies. It has been demonstrated that trisulfide had no impact on the bioactivity of mono-specific antibodies (MsAbs). However, the impact of trisulfide on multi-specific antibodies has not been evaluated. In this study, two mass spectrometric methods were developed for comprehensive trisulfide characterization. The non-reduced peptide mapping method combined with the unique electron activated dissociation (EAD) provided signature fragments for confident trisulfide identification as well as trisulfide quantitation at individual sites. A higher throughput method using Fab mass analysis was also developed and qualified to support routine monitoring of trisulfide during process development. Fab mass analysis features simpler sample preparation and shorter analysis time but provides comparable results to the non-reduced peptide mapping method. In this study, a bi-specific (BsAb) and a tri-specific antibody (TsAb) were compared side-by-side with a MsAb to evaluate the impact of trisulfide on the structure and function of multi-specific antibodies. Results indicated that trisulfide dominantly formed at similar locations across different antibody constructs and had no impact on the size heterogeneity, charge heterogeneity, or bioactivities of any assessed antibodies. Together with the in vitro stability under heat stress (25 °C and 40 °C for up to four weeks) and rapid conversion from trisulfide to disulfide during in vivo circulation, trisulfide could be categorized as a non-critical quality attribute (non-CQA) for antibody products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Sun
- Analytical Development, Discovery, Product Development & Supply, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Maggie Huang
- Analytical Development, Discovery, Product Development & Supply, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Izabela Sokolowska
- Analytical Development, Discovery, Product Development & Supply, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Rui Cao
- Analytical Development, Discovery, Product Development & Supply, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Kern Chang
- Analytical Development, Discovery, Product Development & Supply, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Ping Hu
- Analytical Development, Discovery, Product Development & Supply, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
| | - Jingjie Mo
- Analytical Development, Discovery, Product Development & Supply, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
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5
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Prasanna M, Varela Calvino R, Lambert A, Arista Romero M, Pujals S, Trottein F, Camberlein E, Grandjean C, Csaba N. Semisynthetic Pneumococcal Glycoconjugate Nanovaccine. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1563-1575. [PMID: 37694903 PMCID: PMC10515484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines offer an excellent safety profile and high protection against the serotypes comprised in the vaccine. However, inclusion of protein antigens fromStreptococcus pneumoniaecombined with potent adjuvants and a suitable delivery system are expected to both extend protection to serotype strains not represented in the formulation and stimulate a broader immune response, thus more effective in young children, elderly, and immunocompromised populations. Along this line, nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems can enhance the immunogenicity of antigens by protecting them from degradation and increasing their uptake by antigen-presenting cells, as well as offering co-delivery with adjuvants. We report herein the encapsulation of a semisynthetic glycoconjugate (GC) composed of a synthetic tetrasaccharide mimicking theS. pneumoniae serotype 14 capsular polysaccharide (CP14) linked to the Pneumococcal surface protein A (PsaA) using chitosan NPs (CNPs). These GC-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (GC-CNPs) were not toxic to human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs), showed enhanced uptake, and displayed better immunostimulatory properties in comparison to the naked GC. A comparative study was carried out in mice to evaluate the immune response elicited by the glycoconjugate-administered subcutaneously (SC), where the GC-CNPs displayed 100-fold higher IgG response as compared with the group treated with nonencapsulated GC. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential of this chitosan-based nanovaccine for efficient delivery of glycoconjugate antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruthi Prasanna
- Center
for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, Department
of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, Unité des Sciences Biologiques et
des Biotechnologies (US2B), UMR 6286, Nantes F-44000, France
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago
de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Rubén Varela Calvino
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago
de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Annie Lambert
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, Unité des Sciences Biologiques et
des Biotechnologies (US2B), UMR 6286, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Maria Arista Romero
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced
Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Sylvia Pujals
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced
Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - François Trottein
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR
9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Emilie Camberlein
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, Unité des Sciences Biologiques et
des Biotechnologies (US2B), UMR 6286, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Cyrille Grandjean
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, Unité des Sciences Biologiques et
des Biotechnologies (US2B), UMR 6286, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Noemi Csaba
- Center
for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, Department
of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
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6
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Chaltsev BD, Torgashina AV. [AL amyloidosis mimicking IgG4-related disease: case report]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2023; 95:425-428. [PMID: 38158996 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2023.05.202198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The article describes a unique clinical case of AL amyloidosis mimicking IgG4-related disease. Plasma cell dyscrasias can mimic clinical and laboratory manifestations of rheumatic diseases, which can lead to a delay in diagnosis and inappropriate therapy.
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7
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Nguyen SN, Le SH, Ivanov DG, Ivetic N, Nazy I, Kaltashov IA. Structural characterization of a pathogenic antibody underlying vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.28.542636. [PMID: 37398203 PMCID: PMC10312456 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.28.542636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare but extremely dangerous side effect that has been reported for several adenoviral (Ad)-vectored COVID-19 vaccines. VITT pathology had been linked to production of antibodies that recognize platelet factor 4 (PF4), an endogenous chemokine. In this work we characterize anti-PF4 antibodies obtained from a VITT patient's blood. Intact-mass MS measurements indicate that a significant fraction of this ensemble is comprised of antibodies representing a limited number of clones. MS analysis of large antibody fragments (the light chain, as well as the Fc/2 and Fd fragments of the heavy chain) confirms the monoclonal nature of this component of the anti-PF4 antibodies repertoire, and reveals the presence of a fully mature complex biantennary N-glycan within its Fd segment. Peptide mapping using two complementary proteases and LC-MS/MS analysis were used to determine the amino acid sequence of the entire light chain and over 98% of the heavy chain (excluding a short N-terminal segment). The sequence analysis allows the monoclonal antibody to be assigned to IgG2 subclass and verify that the light chain belongs to the λ-type. Incorporation of enzymatic de- N -glycosylation into the peptide mapping routine allows the N -glycan in the Fab region of the antibody to be localized to the framework 3 region of the V H domain. This novel N -glycosylation site (absent in the germline sequence) is a result of a single mutation giving rise to an NDT motif in the antibody sequence. Peptide mapping also provides a wealth of information on lower-abundance proteolytic fragments derived from the polyclonal component of the anti-PF4 antibody ensemble, revealing the presence of all four subclasses (IgG1 through IgG4) and both types of the light chain (λ and κ). The structural information reported in this work will be indispensable for understanding the molecular mechanism of VITT pathogenesis.
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8
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Bizeau J, Adam A, Nadal C, Francius G, Siniscalco D, Pauly M, Bégin-Colin S, Mertz D. Protein sustained release from isobutyramide-grafted stellate mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Int J Pharm X 2022; 4:100130. [PMID: 36156982 PMCID: PMC9494245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are great therapeutic candidates as endogenous biomolecules providing a wide range of applications. However, their delivery suffers from some limitations and specifically designed delivery systems having an efficient protein anchoring and delivery strategy are still needed. In this work, we propose to combine large pore stellate mesoporous silica (STMS) with isobutyramide (IBAM), as a “glue” molecule which has been shown promising for immobilization of various biomacromolecules at silica surface. We address here for the first time the ability of such IBAM-modified NPs to sustainably deliver proteins over a prolonged time. In this work, a quantitative loading study of proteins (serum albumin (HSA), peroxidase (HRP), immunoglobulin (IgG) and polylysine (PLL)) on STMS@IBAM is first presented using three complementary detection techniques to ensure precision and avoid protein quantification issues. The results demonstrated a high loading capacity for HSA and HRP (≥ ca. 350 μg.mg−1) but a moderate one for IgG and PLL. After evaluating the physicochemical properties of the loaded particles and their stability over scaling-up and washings, the ability of STMS@IBAM to release proteins over prolonged time was evaluated in equilibrium (static) and flow mimicking (dynamic) conditions and at different temperatures (25, 37, 45 °C). Results show not only the potential of such “glue” functionalized STMS to release proteins in a sustained way, but also the retention of the biological activity of immobilized and released HRP, used as an enzyme model. Finally, an AFM-force spectroscopy study was conducted to decipher the interactions between IBAM and proteins, showing the involvement of different interactions in the adsorption and release processes. Isobutyramide bound stellate mesoporous silica allow the immobilization of various proteins. Protein release was achieved from the nanoparticles in a sustained way in buffer. Peroxidase activity was retained whether in immobilized or released conditions. Choice of protein detection techniques was shown to be crucial. AFM-spectroscopy was used to investigate IBAM-protein intermolecular bonding.
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9
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Foss S, Jonsson A, Bottermann M, Watkinson R, Lode HE, McAdam MB, Michaelsen TE, Sandlie I, James LC, Andersen JT. Potent TRIM21 and complement-dependent intracellular antiviral immunity requires the IgG3 hinge. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabj1640. [PMID: 35486676 PMCID: PMC7614286 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abj1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Humans have four IgG antibody subclasses that selectively or differentially engage immune effector molecules to protect against infections. Although IgG1 has been studied in detail and is the subclass of most approved antibody therapeutics, increasing evidence indicates that IgG3 is associated with enhanced protection against pathogens. Here, we report that IgG3 has superior capacity to mediate intracellular antiviral immunity compared with the other subclasses due to its uniquely extended and flexible hinge region, which facilitates improved recruitment of the cytosolic Fc receptor TRIM21, independently of Fc binding affinity. TRIM21 may also synergize with complement C1/C4-mediated lysosomal degradation via capsid inactivation. We demonstrate that this process is potentiated by IgG3 in a hinge-dependent manner. Our findings reveal differences in how the four IgG subclasses mediate intracellular immunity, knowledge that may guide IgG subclass selection and engineering of antiviral antibodies for prophylaxis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Foss
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0371 Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, P.O. Box 4956, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandra Jonsson
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0371 Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, P.O. Box 4956, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Bottermann
- Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2-0QH, UK
| | - Ruth Watkinson
- Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2-0QH, UK
| | - Heidrun E Lode
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0371 Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, P.O. Box 4956, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin B McAdam
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0371 Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, P.O. Box 4956, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje E Michaelsen
- Department of Chemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0371 Oslo, Norway.,Infection Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0371 Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, P.O. Box 4956, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Leo C James
- Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2-0QH, UK
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- CIR and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, P.O. Box 4956, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
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10
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Rathe JA, Hemann EA, Eggenberger J, Li Z, Knoll ML, Stokes C, Hsiang TY, Netland J, Takehara KK, Pepper M, Gale M. SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays in Control and Unknown Populations Demonstrate the Necessity of Virus Neutralization Testing. J Infect Dis 2021; 223:1120-1131. [PMID: 33367830 PMCID: PMC7798987 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine how serologic antibody testing outcome links with virus neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we evaluated individuals for SARS-CoV-2 antibody level and viral neutralization. METHODS We compared serum Ig levels across platforms of viral antigens and antibodies with 15 positive and 30 negative SARS-CoV-2 controls followed by viral neutralization assessment. We then applied these platforms to a clinically relevant cohort of 114 individuals with unknown histories of SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS In controls, the best-performing virus-specific antibody detection platforms were SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG (sensitivity 87%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value [PPV] 100%, negative predictive value [NPV] 94%), spike IgG3 (sensitivity 93%, specificity 97%, PPV 93%, NPV 97%), and nucleocapsid protein (NP) IgG (sensitivity 93%, specificity 97%, PPV 93%, NPV 97%). Neutralization of positive and negative control sera showed 100% agreement. Twenty individuals with unknown history had detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with 16 demonstrating virus neutralization. Spike IgG3 provided the highest accuracy for predicting serologically positive individuals with virus neutralization activity (misidentified 1/20 unknowns compared to 2/20 for RBD and NP IgG). CONCLUSIONS The coupling of virus neutralization analysis to a spike IgG3 antibody test is optimal to categorize patients for correlates of SARS-CoV-2 immune protection status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Rathe
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Seattle Children’s Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emily A Hemann
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Julie Eggenberger
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Zhaoqi Li
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Megan L Knoll
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caleb Stokes
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Seattle Children’s Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tien-Ying Hsiang
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jason Netland
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kennidy K Takehara
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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11
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Gauiran DTV, Marcon KM, DeMarco ML, Fung AWS, van der Gugten G, Mattman A, Carruthers MN, Song KW, Chen LYC. IgG4 plasma cell myeloma without clinical evidence of IgG4-related disease: a report of two cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 25:335-340. [PMID: 32893754 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2020.1815130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Serum IgG4 is typically measured to investigate for Immunoglobulin G4-related Disease (IgG4-RD), a fibroinflammatory condition associated with polyclonal increase in serum IgG4. However, increased IgG4 can also be monoclonal, and little is known about IgG4 myeloma. Methods: We describe two cases of IgG4 myeloma without clinical, radiologic, or laboratory features of IgG4-related disease. Results: An 84 year old man presented with anemia and compression fractures and a 77 year old man presented with anemia, hypercalcemia and renal failure. Both had markedly elevated monoclonal serum IgG4, 34 g/L and 48 g/L in the beta region, and increased IgG positive bone marrow plasma cells, 50% and 80%, respectively. Neither had clinical or radiological manifestations of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) such as salivary or lacrimal gland swelling, autoimmune pancreatitis , or retroperitoneal fibrosis. Both cases responded well to standard myeloma therapy. The IgG4 paraprotein caused spuriously elevated beta-2 microglobulin of 45.2 mg/L in case two due to interference with the assay. Conclusion: These cases illustrate the importance of performing serum protein electrophoresis in tandem with IgG subclasses to distinguish between polyclonal and monoclonal increases in serum IgG4. The lack of typical IgG4-RD features in these two patients suggests that monoclonal elevation in serum IgG4 alone is insufficient to cause the organ damage characteristic of IgG4-RD. Larger studies of IgG myeloma subtypes are warranted to explore whether IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 myeloma differ in natural history and whether the interference with beta-2 microglobulin is specific to IgG4 monoclonal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deonne Thaddeus V Gauiran
- Division of Hematology, University of the Philippines - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Division of Hematology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Krista M Marcon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mari L DeMarco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Angela W S Fung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Grace van der Gugten
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andre Mattman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Kevin W Song
- Division of Hematology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Luke Y C Chen
- Division of Hematology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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12
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Behere K, Yoon S. n-Layer BET adsorption isotherm modeling for multimeric Protein A ligand and its lifetime determination. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1162:122434. [PMID: 33302227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Langmuir and other single-layer adsorption isotherms show the binding behavior of natural Protein A ligands immobilized on a column. However, no models have been shown in literature to explain the adsorption phenomena on the recombinant high binding capacity Protein A resins. This study has characterized the Protein A binding domain distribution across the ligand with multi-layer adsorption isotherms for a recombinant Protein A resin. The adsorption data was analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and various other mathematical equations. The best fit of experimental data was obtained with n-layer BET model wherein the isotherms of Protein A exhibited Type IV behavior according to BET classification. Furthermore, the binding capacity was studied throughout the shelf life using the multi-layer adsorption isotherm model. Antibody adsorption isotherms of Protein A resin were obtained at preset duration of caustic incubation. The experiments were carried out for two conditions of sanitization agent, namely, caustic and caustic with salt. Static and dynamic isotherm analysis showed that a new resin had a lower binding capacity and the initial sanitization improved the binding capacity, probably by making the binding domains more accessible. The binding capacity at equilibrium, dynamic breakthrough and batch were also evaluated and reported in this paper. The study modeled the multimeric Protein A ligand and established the requirement of optimization for cleaning regime. This study provides a fundamental understanding of the binding patterns in the recombinant Protein A ligands through a working mathematical equation and improves the current knowledge of Protein A resin lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketki Behere
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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13
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Kolopp-Sarda MN, Azevedo PM, Miossec P. IgG subclasses in cryoglobulins: link to composition and clinical manifestations. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:267. [PMID: 33183349 PMCID: PMC7659205 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryoglobulins (CG) are immunoglobulins which precipitate at low temperature. The analysis of IgG subclass composition of CG is poorly reported. The aim of this study was to determine the subclasses of IgG-containing type I and mixed type II and III CG in relation to clinical manifestations. METHODS Out of a previous series of 1675 patients, inclusion criteria were a cryoprecipitate > 1 mL and a total IgG > 300 mg/L. IgG subclasses were quantified by immunoturbidimetry, rheumatoid factor (RF), and C4 by immunonephelometry. Clinical parameters were collected from hospital charts. RESULTS CG samples from 86 patients were included, 10 type I CG and 76 mixed CG. Type I CG subclasses were IgG1 (6/10) and IgG2/IgG3 (4/10), never IgG4. IgG subclass in type II vs. III CG were 73.3 ± 15.2% vs. 52.5 ± 20.7% for IgG1 (p < 0.0001), 15.4 ± 8.2% vs. 25.9 ± 14% for IgG2 (p < 0.0001), 8.4 ± 12.4 vs. 21.2 ± 14% for IgG3 (p < 0.0001), and 3 ± 5.2% vs. 0.5 ± 1.2 for IgG4 (p < 0.0001). In mixed CG, the higher proportion of IgG4 was associated with RF positive CG (p = 0.01) and low C4 (p = 0.01). In type I CG, IgG1 were associated with severe vasculitis manifestations, IgG2/IgG3 with cutaneous or renal manifestations. In mixed CG, IgG2 was the only subclass associated with CG manifestations, with a higher concentration in asymptomatic (162.6 ± 29.5 mg/L) vs. symptomatic patients with cutaneous (103 ± 17.8 mg/L, p = 0.04) and neurological (108 ± 24 mg/L, p = 0.04) manifestations. CONCLUSION In type I IgG CG, IgG1 was the main CG subclass associated with CG vasculitis. In mixed CG, low IgG2 concentration was linked to CG cutaneous and neurological manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie N Kolopp-Sarda
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation research Unit EA 4130, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Immunology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pedro Ming Azevedo
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation research Unit EA 4130, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation research Unit EA 4130, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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14
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Wang L, Li W, Zhang S, Peng L, Shen M, Song S, Zhang W, Cao X, Feng R, Zhang W. Rosai-Dorfman disease mimicking IgG4-related diseases: a single-center experience in China. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:285. [PMID: 33054782 PMCID: PMC7557074 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) and IgG4-related (IgG4-RD) disease are both rare diseases, but in some cases, RDD mimics IgG4-RD clinically and pathologically. RDD mimicking IgG4-RDs (RDD mimic IgG4-RD), referring to disease initially diagnosed as IgG4-RD but finally pathologically confirmed to be RDD, is a clinically rare and confusing disease. To summarize the characteristics of this disease, we prospectively analyzed the clinical features, laboratory parameters, pathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis of patients diagnosed with RDD mimic IgG4-RD. Moreover, by analyzing characteristics of RDD mimic IgG4-RD, RDD and IgG4-RD, we further compared the similarities and differences between RDD and IgG4-RD.
Results 7 patients with RDD mimic IgG4-RD were included in this study and all of them had extranodal organ involvement, especially the central nervous system, which occurred in 5 patients (71.4%). Although serum IgG4 level was elevated in 6 cases (1360–54,100 mg/L), overall, it was still lower than that in IgG4-RD patients. Furthermore, we found a new cut-off value of serum IgG4 concentration for differentiating RDD and IgG4-RD with higher specificity. Pathological findings of RDD also showed features resembling IgG4-RD: IgG4-positive plasma cell enrichments were observed in all RDD mimic IgG4-RD patients, and the proportion of IgG4/IgG in tissues was 10–40% in 4 patients and more than 40% in 2 patients. However, none of the RDD mimic IgG4-RD patients or RDD patients displayed obliterative phlebitis or storiform fibrosis. Most of the RDD mimic IgG4-RD patients were treated with glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressants, and a good prognosis was obtained following treatment. Conclusions RDD has clinical manifestations that mimic IgG4-RD. However, detailed differences in laboratory parameters and pathological characteristics are present between these two diseases. Our study underlines the necessity to rule out RDD while diagnosing IgG4-RD using pathological findings as the identification criteria and provides advice for both differentiating these two diseases and clinical treatment of RDD mimic IgG4-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Li
- Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, 100730, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shangzhu Zhang
- Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Linyi Peng
- Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Min Shen
- Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shuoning Song
- Departments of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Departments of Haematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinxin Cao
- Departments of Haematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ruie Feng
- Departments of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, 100730, China.
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15
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Weaver A, Rubinstein S, Cornell RF. Hyperviscosity Syndrome in Paraprotein Secreting Conditions Including Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia. Front Oncol 2020; 10:815. [PMID: 32509586 PMCID: PMC7248405 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperviscosity syndrome is a serious complication associated with high levels of paraproteins in patients with hematological malignancies. Therapeutic advances in disease control may reduce the incidence of hyperviscosity syndrome; however, management of acute cases requires an understanding of key symptoms and prompt treatment to mitigate serious consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Weaver
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Samuel Rubinstein
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Robert F Cornell
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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16
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Clinical utility of serum IgG4 measurement. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 506:228-235. [PMID: 32272158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article will review the structure and function of IgG4, methods of measuring serum IgG4 concentrations, clinical conditions associated with increased and decreased serum IgG4, and the test characteristics of serum IgG4 in the diagnosis and management of Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease (IgG4-RD). The four subclasses of IgG were discovered in 1964 through experiments on monoclonal IgG in patients with myeloma. Since 2001, interest in measuring serum IgG subclasses has increased dramatically due to the emergence of IgG4-RD, a multisystem fibroinflammatory condition wherein polyclonal serum IgG4 concentration is increased in approximately 70% of cases. Increased serum IgG4 typically manifests as a restriction in the anodal gamma region on serum protein electrophoresis, often with beta-gamma bridging, and can be mistaken as a monoclonal protein or polyclonal increase in IgA. Limitations of current clinical methods used in quantitation of serum IgG4 concentrations will be discussed, including the common immunonephelometric assays and LC-MS/MS based assays. Polyclonal IgG4 elevation is not specific for IgG4-RD, and may also occur in conditions such as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). Race and gender differences also affect interpretation of serum IgG4 concentrations, for instance Asians have a higher serum IgG4 concentration than Whites and males have a higher concentration than females.
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17
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Khatun MM, Islam MA, Baek BK. The Profile of Immunoglobulin A and Immunoglobulin G Subclasses in Sprague Dawley Rats Experimentally Infected with Brucella abortus Biotype 1. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:358-364. [PMID: 32091978 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study measured total serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG)1, IgG2a response against whole cell antigen (WCA), outer membrane protein (OMP), periplasmic protein (PP), cytoplasmic protein (CP), and crude Brucella protein (CBP) of Brucella abortus in experimental brucellosis induced with B. abortus biotype 1 in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats during a 17-week infection period. Six- to 8-week-old SD rats (n = 44) were experimentally infected with 1 × 109 colony forming unit of B. abortus biotype 1 through the intraperitoneal route. Serial serum samples were collected from the rat at 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 60, 90, and 120 days after inoculation. The sera were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. We have noticed a very low level and short persistence of IgA antibody in our experiment. The low level and short persistence of IgA antibody suggest that this antibody isotype might not be protective against brucellosis in rats. Both Th1 and Th2 specific immune responses were recorded in our study with the production of IgG1 and IgG2a antibody isotopes, respectively. We noticed significant dominant IgG2a antibody responses over IgG1 responses throughout the experiment (p < 0.001) against WCA and OMP. The mixed Th1 and Th2 dominant immune responses mediated by IgG2a and IgG1 antibody isotypes were observed against CP, PP, and CBP. Data of our study suggest that IgG2a dominant responses in the early stages of disease play the main role in conferring protection against brucellosis and with the progress of disease IgG1 dominant responses were elicited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Minara Khatun
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ariful Islam
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Byeong Kirl Baek
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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18
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Cheng G, Liu J, Gilbert A, Cao Y, An C, Lv Z, Wang C, Nie R, Zhang J, Liu Y, Xia M, Li S, Cai H, Li Y, Li Y, Qin X. Serum phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies and immunoglobulin G subtypes in adult idiopathic membranous nephropathy: Clinical value assessment. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 490:135-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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19
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Engelhart S, Glynn RJ, Schur PH. Disease associations with isolated elevations of each of the four IgG subclasses. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2017; 47:276-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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20
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Weinberg J, Zhang S, Crews G, Healy E, Carta G, Przybycien T. Polyclonal and monoclonal IgG binding on protein A resins—Evidence of competitive binding effects. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:1803-1812. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Weinberg
- Department of Chemical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes AvenuePittsburghPennsylvania 15213
| | - Shaojie Zhang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Virginia102 Engineers’ WayCharlottesvilleVirginia 22904
| | - Gillian Crews
- Department of Chemical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes AvenuePittsburghPennsylvania 15213
| | - Edward Healy
- Department of Chemical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes AvenuePittsburghPennsylvania 15213
| | - Giorgio Carta
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Virginia102 Engineers’ WayCharlottesvilleVirginia 22904
| | - Todd Przybycien
- Department of Chemical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes AvenuePittsburghPennsylvania 15213
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21
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Wu J, Ma XL, Tian L, Zhang CY, Wang BL, Hu YY, Gao XH, Zhou Y, Shen MN, Peng YF, Pan BS, Zhou J, Fan J, Yang XR, Guo W. Serum IgG4:IgG Ratio Predicts Recurrence of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Resection. J Cancer 2017. [PMID: 28638447 PMCID: PMC5479238 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: IgG4 is associated with a Th1-to-Th2 switch, which plays a vital role in metastasis, in patients with malignances; thus, we aimed to investigate its clinical significance in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence in the present study. Methods: The correlation between serum IgG4:IgG ratio and recurrence was analyzed in a cohort of 195 patients undergoing curative resection in 2012. Another 100 patients were analyzed in a prospective independent cohort during 2012-2013 to validate the value of serum IgG4. Serum IgG4 and total IgG concentrations were measured with an automatic immune analyzer and the optimal cutoff value for serum IgG4 levels was determined by X-tile software. Results: Our data revealed that serum IgG4:IgG were significantly elevated in patients with tumor recurrence (P<0.05). A cutoff IgG:IgG4 ratio of 0.08 was set to stratify HCC patients into high (>0.08) and low (≤0.08) groups. High serum IgG4:IgG ratio correlated with significantly shorter time-to-recurrence (median 11.85 months vs. 39.20, P=0.005). Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that serum IgG4:IgG ratio is an independent indicator of tumor recurrence and this retained its clinical significance even in conventional low-recurrence-risk subgroups, including patients with low α-fetoprotein and early-stage diseases. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that elevated serum IgG4:IgG ratio is associated with poor clinical outcomes in HCC patients and therefore, and can serve as a novel prognostic predictor for HCC patients undergoing resection. Analyzing serum IgG4 would be useful to tailor individualized therapies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lu Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Bei-Li Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Yi Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Hui Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Min-Na Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yin-Fei Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Bai-Shen Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Rong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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22
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Chan ASY, Mudhar H, Shen SY, Lang SS, Fernando M, Hilmy MH, Guppy NJ, Rennie I, Dunkley L, Al Jajeh I. Serum IgG2 and tissue IgG2 plasma cell elevation in orbital IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD): Potential use in IgG4-RD assessment. Br J Ophthalmol 2017; 101:1576-1582. [PMID: 28351925 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the role of serum and tissue IgG2 in orbital biopsies with the histological features of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) in comparison with non-IgG4-related orbital inflammatory disorders (OID), including autoimmune disorders. METHODS This is an international (Sheffield, UK, and Singapore) collaborative, retrospective case review of 69 patients (38 from Singapore National Eye Centre and 31 from Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield) with orbital inflammatory biopsies between 2002 and 2016. Clinical information and histology were reviewed and cases were classified into three groups: Group 1: IgG4-RD orbital inflammation (n=43); Group 2: idiopathic OID (n=12) and Group 3: autoimmune OID (n=14). Serum IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 levels were collated where available and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for tissue IgG2 plasma cells was performed. RESULTS Dual IHC showed IgG2 plasma cells as a distinct population from IgG4 plasma cells. Significant (twofold) serum IgG2 elevation was noted among IgG4-RD (group 1), idiopathic (group 2) and autoimmune OID (group 3). Similarly, significant elevation of tissue IgG2 plasma cells was also seen among IgG4-RD (group 1), idiopathic and autoimmune OID (groups 2 and 3). CONCLUSIONS Significant elevations of serum IgG2 and tissue IgG2 plasma cells are present in orbital IgG4-RD in comparison with non-IgG4 orbital inflammation (idiopathic and autoimmune OID), suggesting that IgG2 may play a role in IgG4-RD. A serum IgG2 cut-off >5.3 g/L was found to be 80% sensitive and 91.7% specific for orbital IgG4-RD, with an accuracy of 0.90. Tissue IgG2 and IgG4 subclass reporting may provide additional insight regarding the 'IgG4-RD' pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita S Y Chan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hardeep Mudhar
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, National Specialist Ophthalmic Pathology Service (NSOPS), Sheffield, UK
| | - Sunny Yu Shen
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephanie S Lang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Malee Fernando
- Department of Histopathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Maryam Hazly Hilmy
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Naomi Jayne Guppy
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Rennie
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology and orthoptics, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lisa Dunkley
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Issam Al Jajeh
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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23
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Foltz IN, Gunasekaran K, King CT. Discovery and bio-optimization of human antibody therapeutics using the XenoMouse® transgenic mouse platform. Immunol Rev 2016; 270:51-64. [PMID: 26864104 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since the late 1990s, the use of transgenic animal platforms has transformed the discovery of fully human therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. The first approved therapy derived from a transgenic platform--the epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist panitumumab to treat advanced colorectal cancer--was developed using XenoMouse(®) technology. Since its approval in 2006, the science of discovering and developing therapeutic monoclonal antibodies derived from the XenoMouse(®) platform has advanced considerably. The emerging array of antibody therapeutics developed using transgenic technologies is expected to include antibodies and antibody fragments with novel mechanisms of action and extreme potencies. In addition to these impressive functional properties, these antibodies will be designed to have superior biophysical properties that enable highly efficient large-scale manufacturing methods. Achieving these new heights in antibody drug discovery will ultimately bring better medicines to patients. Here, we review best practices for the discovery and bio-optimization of monoclonal antibodies that fit functional design goals and meet high manufacturing standards.
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24
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Saul L, Ilieva KM, Bax HJ, Karagiannis P, Correa I, Rodriguez-Hernandez I, Josephs DH, Tosi I, Egbuniwe IU, Lombardi S, Crescioli S, Hobbs C, Villanova F, Cheung A, Geh JLC, Healy C, Harries M, Sanz-Moreno V, Fear DJ, Spicer JF, Lacy KE, Nestle FO, Karagiannis SN. IgG subclass switching and clonal expansion in cutaneous melanoma and normal skin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29736. [PMID: 27411958 PMCID: PMC4944184 DOI: 10.1038/srep29736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells participate in immune surveillance in human circulation and tissues, including tumors such as melanoma. By contrast, the role of humoral responses in cutaneous immunity is underappreciated. We report circulating skin-homing CD22+CLA+B cells in healthy volunteers and melanoma patients (n = 73) and CD22+ cells in melanoma and normal skin samples (n = 189). Normal and malignant skin featured mature IgG and CD22 mRNA, alongside mRNA for the transiently-expressed enzyme Activation-induced cytidine Deaminase (AID). Gene expression analyses of publically-available data (n = 234 GEO, n = 384 TCGA) confirmed heightened humoral responses (CD20, CD22, AID) in melanoma. Analyses of 51 melanoma-associated and 29 normal skin-derived IgG sequence repertoires revealed lower IgG1/IgGtotal representation compared with antibodies from circulating B cells. Consistent with AID, comparable somatic hypermutation frequencies and class-switching indicated affinity-matured antibodies in normal and malignant skin. A melanoma-associated antibody subset featured shorter complementarity-determining (CDR3) regions relative to those from circulating B cells. Clonal amplification in melanoma-associated antibodies and homology modeling indicated differential potential antigen recognition profiles between normal skin and melanoma sequences, suggesting distinct antibody repertoires. Evidence for IgG-expressing B cells, class switching and antibody maturation in normal and malignant skin and clonally-expanded antibodies in melanoma, support the involvement of mature B cells in cutaneous immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Saul
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London &NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.,Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London &NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London &NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.,Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London &NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Correa
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London &NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London &NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.,Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Isabella Tosi
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London &NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Isioma U Egbuniwe
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London &NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Lombardi
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London &NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.,Skin Tumor Unit, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London &NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Hobbs
- Wolfson Center for Age-Related Diseases; King's College London, London, UK
| | - Federica Villanova
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London &NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London &NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny L C Geh
- Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ciaran Healy
- Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Harries
- Clinical Oncology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - David J Fear
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - James F Spicer
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London &NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.,Skin Tumor Unit, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank O Nestle
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London &NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London &NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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25
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Zhang D, Chen B, Wang Y, Xia P, He C, Liu Y, Zhang R, Zhang M, Li Z. Disease-specific IgG Fc N-glycosylation as personalized biomarkers to differentiate gastric cancer from benign gastric diseases. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25957. [PMID: 27173519 PMCID: PMC4865947 DOI: 10.1038/srep25957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in the pathophysiological role of IgG fragment crystallizable (Fc) N-linked glycosylation arose from changes in humoral immune responses. In this study, circulating disease-specific IgG (DSIgG) derived from serum immunoinflammation-related protein complexes was isolated from 846 serum samples of 443 patients with benign gastric diseases (BGDs) and 403 patients with gastric cancer (GC), and DSIgG glycopeptides attached to IgG Fc region at the site of Asn297 were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization- Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (MALDI-FTICR MS). A total of 22 glycopeptides were detected. Statistical analysis indicated that DSIgG1 G1S, DSIgG2 G0F, G1, G2F, and G2FS as well as DSIgG2 galactosylation and sialylation are significantly associated with sex in BGD patients and that the age-specific glycoforms and glycosylation features from DSIgG between BGD patients and GC patients have similar change trends. In addition, significant changes in galactosylation, sialylation, and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from DSIgG were also observed between two pathophysiological states. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the G2FN/G1FN (from DSIgG2) ratio has an excellent capability to distinguish female BGD patients from female GC patients over the age range of 20-79 years, with the sensitivity of 82.6%, the specificity of 82.6%, and the area under curve (AUC) of 0.872.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Bingchao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Heze Municipal Hospital, Shandong 274031, P.R. China
| | - Yanmin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Heze Municipal Hospital, Shandong 274031, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Oncology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chengyan He
- Laboratory Medicine Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqing Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Mo Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Zhili Li
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
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26
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Miyatani K, Saito H, Murakami Y, Watanabe J, Kuroda H, Matsunaga T, Fukumoto Y, Osaki T, Nakayama Y, Umekita Y, Ikeguchi M. A high number of IgG4-positive cells in gastric cancer tissue is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. Virchows Arch 2016; 468:549-57. [PMID: 26951261 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
IgG4-related disease is a newly defined disease characterized by elevated serum IgG4 levels and infiltration of affected organs by IgG4-positive plasma cells. Recently, increased IgG4 levels were reported to be closely related with malignancy. To assess the relationship between IgG4 and the progression of gastric cancer, we immunohistochemically stained in this study gastric cancer tissue samples for IgG4-positive cells using an anti-IgG4 antibody. In addition, pre- and postoperative serum concentrations of IgG4 were measured, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In gastric cancer samples, the number of CD138-positive plasma cells was significantly lower and the number of IgG4-positive cells significantly higher than in non-cancerous gastric mucosa. The number of IgG4-positive cells was significantly correlated with gross tumor appearance, tumor depth, lymph node metastasis, venous invasion, and lymphatic invasion. Prognosis was significantly poorer in patients with a high number of IgG4-positive cells than in those with a low number. Multivariate analysis indicated that both the number of IgG4-positive cells and the depth of tumor invasion were independently prognostic of survival. In conclusion, in gastric cancer, the number of IgG4-positive cells is increased and this is closely associated with gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Miyatani
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Joji Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Kuroda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsunaga
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yoji Fukumoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Osaki
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Umekita
- Department of Pathology, Division of Organ Pathology, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Masahide Ikeguchi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
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27
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Jin Y, Kim SC, Kim HJ, Ju W, Kim YH, Kim HJ. A lectin-based diagnostic system using circulating antibodies to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. Glycobiology 2015; 26:100-7. [PMID: 26358468 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we developed serological strategies using immunoglobulin fractions obtained by protein A chromatography to screen for cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I (CIN I). The reactivities of the immunoglobulins purified from sera of women with normal cytology, CIN I and cervical cancer were compared in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and enzyme-linked lectin assays (ELLAs). To capture the immunoglobulins, ELISAs and ELLAs were performed in protein A immobilized microplates. The reactivity of immunoglobulin in ELISA was in the increasing order normal cytology, CIN I and cervical cancer, while that in ELLAs for detecting fucosylation was in the decreasing order normal cytology, CIN I and cervical cancer. It was confirmed that women with CIN I were distinguishable from women with normal cytology or women with cervical cancer in the ELISA or the ELLA for detecting fucosylation with considerable sensitivity and specificity. Women with cervical cancer were also distinguishable from women with normal cytology with high sensitivity (ELISA: 97%, ELLA: 87%) and specificity (ELISA: 69%, ELLA: 72%). Moreover, the logistic regression model of the ELISA and the ELLA discriminated cervical cancer from normal cytology with 93% sensitivity and 93% specificity. These results indicate that the ELISAs and the ELLAs have great potential as strategies for primary screening of cervical cancer and CIN. It is expected that the ELISA and the ELLA can provide new insights to understand systemic changes of serum immunoglobulins during cervical cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingji Jin
- Laboratory of Virology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Seung Cheol Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul 158-710, South Korea
| | - Hyoung Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Virology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Woong Ju
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul 158-710, South Korea
| | - Yun Hwan Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul 158-710, South Korea
| | - Hong-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Virology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Kubo
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology; The University of Tokyo Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology; The University of Tokyo Hospital; Tokyo Japan
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29
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The Effect of C-X-C Motif Chemokine 13 on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associates with Wnt Signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:345413. [PMID: 26161394 PMCID: PMC4486493 DOI: 10.1155/2015/345413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objects. To investigate the effect of CXCL13 (C-X-C motif chemokine 13) on hepatocellular carcinoma and clarify the potential mechanisms. Methods. 32 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 12 healthy controls were recruited for analyzing the expression of CXCL13 by RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). ELISA (enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay) was used to test the concentration of serum CXCL13. The interaction between CXCL13 and Wnt signaling was analyzed by western blot. In vitro PBMCs cultured with HepG2 supernatant, the levels of IL-12, IL4, IL-6, and IL-17, and four IgG subclasses were detected by ELISA. Results. The rate of high expression CXCL13 was 63.4% in advanced HCC patients, and the serum CXCL13 was also at a high level in stage IV HCC patients. Meanwhile CXCL13 level was positively correlated with serum ALT (Alanine Transaminase) and AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase). CXCL13 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling shared a positive feedback loop. Furthermore, CXCL13 could obviously promote the expressions of IL-12 and IL-17, and induce IgG4 secreted by B cells. Conclusions. The effect of CXCL13 on promoting liver cancer is related to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the facilitation of IL-12, IL-17 and IgG4. CXCL13 plays an important role in the progression of HCC, and it may act as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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30
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Shao Y, Fu R, Liu H, Wang Y, Ding S, Wang H, Li L, Shao Z. IgG autoantibody subclasses altered in immuno-related hemocytopenia. Cell Immunol 2015; 294:13-20. [PMID: 25666506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have detected autoantibodies to bone marrow (BM) hemopoietic cells in some idiopathic cytopenia of undetermined significance (ICUS), terming as immunorelated hemocytopenia. Immunoglobulin G consists of 4 subclasses which have different biological functions in many diseases. In this study, we analyzed the alterations of IgG subclasses in 27 IRH patients compared with 20 ICUS patients and 20 normal controls. The results showed that IgG1 and IgG3 levels were increased in the bone marrow supernatant in IRH patients, and had inverse correlations with hematopoietic function. Meanwhile IgG1 level had a positive correlation with the proportion of CD5+ B lymphocytes. Using immunohistochemical staining, IgG1 were also detected on bone marrow nucleated cells in IRH patients. All these results indicated that IgG1 on bone marrow cells in some IRH patients might be involved in the destruction of hematopoietic cells leading to cytopenia and might be a novel therapeutic target in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Shao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan St, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan St, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan St, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Yihao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan St, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Shaoxue Ding
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan St, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Huaquan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan St, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan St, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Zonghong Shao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan St, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China.
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31
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32
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Tan J, Jin X, Zhao R, Wei X, Liu Y, Kong X. Beneficial effect of T follicular helper cells on antibody class switching of B cells in prostate cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:1512-8. [PMID: 25529861 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in males and easily develops to be aggressive which is closely related to the chronic inflammatory tumor microenvironment in situ. This study aimed to assess the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass of B cells and explore their interactions with T follicular helper (Tfh) subsets in prostate cancer patients. The percentages of peripheral blood naïve B cells, memory B cells and mature B cells, as well as Tfh1, Tfh2 and Tfh17 cells were analyzed or sorted by FACSAria. The ratios of the different IgG subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4) were detected by ELISA, and the expression levels of CXCR3 and CCR6 were measured using RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Meanwhile a co-culture system of B and Tfh cells was to assess the effect of each Tfh subset on the antibody subclass switching of B cells in vitro. We observed higher percentages of 3 Tfh subsets and IgG4+ B cells in the patients with prostate cancer than that in the health controls and proved a positive correlation between Tfh2 and IgG4+ B cells. Then we verified that IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) effectively promoted antibody class switching of B cells, which may be mediated by inducing Tfh2 cells, yet the study was not completely dependent on Tfh cells. The results provide evidence of the B cell response to an immune suppressive environment by evaluating IgG4 antibodies, and established a relationship between IgG4+ B cells and Tfh2 cells. Clarification of lymphocyte functions in the inflammatory microenvironment of tumors will be of potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiufeng Tan
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Xuefei Jin
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xiangbo Kong
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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33
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Carlsen TG, Hjelholt A, Jurik AG, Schiøttz-Christensen B, Zejden A, Christiansen G, Deleuran B, Birkelund S. IgG subclass antibodies to human and bacterial HSP60 are not associated with disease activity and progression over time in axial spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 15:R61. [PMID: 23705835 PMCID: PMC4060232 DOI: 10.1186/ar4234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spondyloarthritis (SpA), an interrelated group of rheumatic diseases, has been suggested to be triggered by bacterial infections prior to the development of an autoimmune response that causes inflammation of the spinal and peripheral joints. Because human heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), recently renamed HSPD1, and bacterial HSP60 are highly homologous, immunological cross-reactivity has been proposed as a mechanism of disease initiation. However, previous investigations of the humoral immune response to HSP60 in SpA patients have lacked determination of immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses and patient follow-up. In this study, we have focused on these parameters in a cohort of axial SpA patients with a well-established set of clinical characteristics, including MRI changes and human leukocyte antigen B27. METHODS IgG subclass antibodies (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4) against recombinant HSP60 of three reactive arthritis-related bacteria; human HSP60; and the microorganisms Chlamydia trachomatis and C. pneumoniae were determined by ELISA. Serum samples collected from 2004 to 2006 and in 2010 and 2011 from 39 axial SpA patients were analyzed and compared with samples from 39 healthy controls. The Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon matched pairs test were used to compare the antibody levels in different and paired groups, respectively. P < 0.01 was considered significant. The Spearman nonparametric correlation was used to determine correlation between antibody levels and between antibody levels and the disease parameters. RESULTS Elevated levels of IgG1 and IgG3 to human HSP60 and IgG1 to HSP60 of Salmonella enterica Enteritidis were observed in SpA patients compared with healthy controls at both time points. The antibody levels were almost constant over time for IgG1, whereas high levels of IgG3 to human HSP60 tended to decrease over time. The antibody response to human HSP60 was predominantly of the IgG3 subclass, and patients with high levels of IgG3 to this antigen had low levels of IgG1, indicating an inverse association. Different IgG subclasses were produced against bacterial and human HSP60 in the same serum sample, IgG1 and IgG3, respectively, indicating that there was no cross-reaction. CONCLUSIONS A significant association was observed between axial SpA and the presence of IgG1/IgG3 antibodies to human HSP60 and of IgG1 to S. enterica Enteritidis and C. trachomatis. Generation of antibodies to human HSP60 was independent of the presence of antibodies to bacterial HSP60. No association was observed between clinical and MRI changes with antibodies over time. Altogether, such antibodies do not reflect the disease activity in these patients. This study has been approved by the Regional Research Ethics Committee of Central Jutland, Denmark. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS 20050046 and 20100083
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Annels NE, Simpson GR, Denyer M, McGrath SE, Falgari G, Killick E, Eeles R, Stebbing J, Pchejetski D, Cutress R, Murray N, Michael A, Pandha H. Spontaneous antibodies against Engrailed-2 (EN2) protein in patients with prostate cancer. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 177:428-38. [PMID: 24654775 PMCID: PMC4226594 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported the expression of the homeodomain-containing transcription factor Engrailed-2 (EN2) in prostate cancer and showed that the presence of EN2 protein in the urine was highly predictive of prostate cancer. This study aimed to determine whether patients with prostate cancer have EN2 autoantibodies, what the prevalence of these antibodies is and whether they are associated with disease stage. The spontaneous immunoglobulin (Ig)G immune response against EN2 and for comparison the tumour antigen New York Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1), were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in three different cohorts of prostate cancer patients as well as a group of men genetically predisposed to prostate cancer. Thirty-two of 353 (9·1%) of the SUN cohort representing all stages of prostate cancer demonstrated EN2 IgG responses, 12 of 107 patients (11·2%) in the advanced prostate cancer patients showed responses, while only four of 121 patients (3·3%) with castrate-resistant prostate cancer showed EN2 autoantibodies. No significant responses were found in the predisposed group. Anti-EN2 IgG responses were significantly higher in patients with prostate cancer compared to healthy control males and similarly prevalent to anti-NY-ESO-1 responses. While EN2 autoantibodies are not a useful diagnostic or monitoring tool, EN2 immunogenicity provides the rationale to pursue studies using EN2 as an immunotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Annels
- Oncology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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Nguyen DC, Sanghvi R, Scinicariello F, Pulit-Penaloza J, Hill N, Attanasio R. Cynomolgus and pigtail macaque IgG subclasses: characterization of IGHG genes and computational analysis of IgG/Fc receptor binding affinity. Immunogenetics 2014; 66:361-77. [PMID: 24811270 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-014-0775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Macaques are the most widely used experimental nonhuman primate (NHP) species. Rhesus (Macaca mulatta, Macmul), cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis, Macfas), and pigtail (Macaca nemestrina, Macnem) macaques continue to be popular models for vaccine and infectious diseases research, especially HIV infection and AIDS, and for the development of antibody-based therapeutic strategies. Increased understanding of the immune system of these species is necessary for their optimal use as models of human infections and intervention. In the past few years, the antibody/Fc receptor system has been characterized in a stepwise manner in these species. We have continued this characterization by identifying the four IG heavy gamma (IGHG) genes of Macfas and Macnem in this study. Our results show that these genes share a high degree of similarity with those from other NHP species, while presenting consistent differences when compared to human IGHG genes. Furthermore, comparison of Macfas IGHG genes with those described in other studies suggests the existence of polymorphism. Using sequence- and structure-based computational tools, we performed in silico analysis on multiple polymorphic Macfas IgG and their interactions with human IgG Fc receptors (FcγR), thus predicting that Macfas IGHG polymorphisms influence IgG protein stability and/or binding affinity towards FcγR. The presence of macaque IGHG polymorphisms and macaque/human amino acid changes at locations potentially involved in antibody functional properties indicate the need for cautious design and data interpretation of studies in these models, possibly requiring the characterization of antibody/Fc receptor interactions at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan C Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
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Analytical issues possibly affecting the performance of commercial human cytomegalovirus IgG avidity assays. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33:1579-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chung AW, Alter G. Dissecting the antibody constant region protective immune parameters in HIV infection. Future Virol 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.14.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: RV144 vaccine immune-correlates analysis has generated a renewed interest in understanding the potentially protective role of non-neutralizing antibodies in HIV infection and vaccine design. Antibodies consist of a variable region involved in antigen binding and a constant region. While both ends of the antibody collaborate to induce protective immunity, it is through the constant portion that an antibody provides instructions to the innate immune system on how the recognized antigen should be processed, contributing directly to antiviral immunity. Antibody constant regions, despite their name, are not uniform structures, but can vary both in protein sequence and glycosylation, together modulating antibody functionality via conformational changes that alter antibody affinity for Fc receptors, complement and so on. This review will focus on how the immune system naturally modulates the Fc domain of antibodies to achieve optimum protective Fc effector responses for vaccine and monoclonal therapeutic design efforts aimed at preventing or curing HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy W Chung
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology & Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology & Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
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Geyer JT, Niesvizky R, Jayabalan DS, Mathew S, Subramaniyam S, Geyer AI, Orazi A, Ely SA. IgG4 plasma cell myeloma: new insights into the pathogenesis of IgG4-related disease. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:375-81. [PMID: 24030741 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
IgG4-related disease is a newly described systemic fibroinflammatory process, characterized by increase in IgG4-positive plasma cells. Its pathogenesis, including the role of IgG4, remains poorly understood. Plasma cell myeloma is typically associated with a large monoclonal serum spike, which is frequently of IgG isotype. We sought to identify and characterize a subset of IgG4-secreting myeloma, as it may provide a biological model of disease with high serum levels of IgG4. Six out of 158 bone marrow biopsies (4%) from patients with IgG myeloma expressed IgG4. Four patients were men and two were women, with a mean age of 64 (range 53-87) years. Imaging showed fullness of pancreatic head (1), small non-metabolic lymphadenopathy (1), and bone lytic lesions (6). Two patients developed necrotizing fasciitis. All had elevated serum M-protein (mean 2.4, range 0.5-4.2 g/dl), and none had definite signs or symptoms of IgG4-related disease. Four myelomas had plasmablastic morphology. Four had kappa and two had lambda light chain expression. Three cases expressed CD56. Two patients had a complex karyotype. In conclusion, the frequency of IgG4 myeloma correlates with the normal distribution of IgG4 isoform. The patients with IgG4 myeloma appear to have a high rate of plasmablastic morphology and could be predisposed to necrotizing fasciitis. Despite high serum levels of IgG4, none had evidence of IgG4-related disease. These findings suggest that the increased number of IgG4-positive plasma cells is not the primary etiologic agent in IgG4-related disease. Elevated serum levels of IgG4 is not sufficient to produce the typical disease presentation and should not be considered diagnostic of IgG4-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruben Niesvizky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David S Jayabalan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Mathew
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shivakumar Subramaniyam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander I Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Attilio Orazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott A Ely
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Verma P, Bhatnagar S, Kumar P, Chattree V, Parida M, Hoti S, Ali S, Rao D. Analysis of antibody response (IgM, IgG, IgG3) to Chikungunya virus using panel of peptides derived from envelope protein for serodiagnosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 52:297-307. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2013-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMany epidemic outbreaks of Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) have been reported throughout the world including India after its reemergence in 2005. The immuno protective role of envelope proteins during Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection has been reported. With the aim of identifying the immunodominant epitopes within the envelope protein we investigated the detailed analysis of fine specificity of antibody response in different individuals during CHIKV infection.The peptides corresponding to the full length of E1, E2 and E3 proteins of S27 strain of CHIKV were synthesized and their seroreactivity with CHIKV positive patients’ sera collected from different epidemic regions of India was determined using indirect ELISA.The data analysis reveals many potent epitopes throughout the length of envelope E2 protein thus displaying it as the most promising antigen for diagnostic purpose. We found that the main IgG isotype response to envelope protein was predominantly of subclass IgG3. Interestingly, most of the epitopes were found to be conserved for detecting IgM, IgG and IgG3 antibody response.Peptides E2P3, E2P7, E2P16 and E2P17 were revealed as the most immunodominant peptides that together can form the basis for designing an accurate, economical and easy to synthesize a peptide-based immunodiagnostic for CHIKV. This study provides new and important insight into the humoral response generated by CHIKV S27 strain during the early phase of infection.
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Qu Z, Cui Z, Liu G, Zhao MH. The distribution of IgG subclass deposition on renal tissues from patients with anti-glomerular basement membrane disease. BMC Immunol 2013; 14:19. [PMID: 23586976 PMCID: PMC3648436 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-14-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal injury of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease is defined by the linear deposition of IgG along GBM and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. To date, the distribution of anti-GBM IgG subclasses on renal tissue is still unclear. In the current study, we investigated the deposition of the four IgG subclasses using immunohistochemistry in the renal biopsy specimens from 46 patients with anti-GBM disease. Results All four IgG subclasses can be detected within the GBM. Anti-GBM IgG3 was detected in all patients (100%), with 39 (84.8%) patients presenting with weak segmental staining and 7 (15.2%) patients with strong linear deposition. Anti-GBM IgG2 was detected in 22 (47.8%) patients, with 20 (90.9%) patients having weak segmental deposition and 2 (9.1%) patients presenting strong linear staining. Anti-GBM IgG1 and IgG4 were detected in 9 (19.6%) and 7 (15.2%) patients, respectively. IgG deposition along tubular basement membrane (TBM) was also detected in 31 (67.4%) patients. Among them, the IgG subclass distribution was similar to that of the deposition within the GBM: IgG1 6.5% (2/31), IgG2 45.2% (14/31), IgG3 100% (31/31) and IgG4 9.7% (3/31). We observed increased inflammatory cell infiltration into the interstitium in patients with increased anti-TBM IgG3 deposits (P=0.031). Conclusions Anti-GBM IgG3 predominantly deposits along GBM and TBM on renal biopsy specimens from patients with anti-GBM disease, which may be involved in the development of renal injury of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qu
- Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Karagiannis P, Gilbert AE, Josephs DH, Ali N, Dodev T, Saul L, Correa I, Roberts L, Beddowes E, Koers A, Hobbs C, Ferreira S, Geh JL, Healy C, Harries M, Acland KM, Blower PJ, Mitchell T, Fear DJ, Spicer JF, Lacy KE, Nestle FO, Karagiannis SN. IgG4 subclass antibodies impair antitumor immunity in melanoma. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1457-74. [PMID: 23454746 PMCID: PMC3613918 DOI: 10.1172/jci65579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-induced antibodies and their contributions to cancer inflammation are largely unexplored. IgG4 subclass antibodies are present in IL-10-driven Th2 immune responses in some inflammatory conditions. Since Th2-biased inflammation is a hallmark of tumor microenvironments, we investigated the presence and functional implications of IgG4 in malignant melanoma. Consistent with Th2 inflammation, CD22+ B cells and IgG4(+)-infiltrating cells accumulated in tumors, and IL-10, IL-4, and tumor-reactive IgG4 were expressed in situ. When compared with B cells from patient lymph nodes and blood, tumor-associated B cells were polarized to produce IgG4. Secreted B cells increased VEGF and IgG4, and tumor cells enhanced IL-10 secretion in cocultures. Unlike IgG1, an engineered tumor antigen-specific IgG4 was ineffective in triggering effector cell-mediated tumor killing in vitro. Antigen-specific and nonspecific IgG4 inhibited IgG1-mediated tumoricidal functions. IgG4 blockade was mediated through reduction of FcγRI activation. Additionally, IgG4 significantly impaired the potency of tumoricidal IgG1 in a human melanoma xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, serum IgG4 was inversely correlated with patient survival. These findings suggest that IgG4 promoted by tumor-induced Th2-biased inflammation may restrict effector cell functions against tumors, providing a previously unexplored aspect of tumor-induced immune escape and a basis for biomarker development and patient-specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Karagiannis
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy E. Gilbert
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debra H. Josephs
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niwa Ali
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tihomir Dodev
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Saul
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Correa
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Roberts
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Beddowes
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Koers
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Hobbs
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Ferreira
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny L.C. Geh
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ciaran Healy
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Harries
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine M. Acland
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Blower
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey Mitchell
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Fear
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - James F. Spicer
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie E. Lacy
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank O. Nestle
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London, Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Skin Tumour Unit, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, and Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Imaging Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London School of Medicine, St. Thomas’ Hospital, and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Academic Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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42
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Hjelholt A, Christiansen G, Sørensen US, Birkelund S. IgG subclass profiles in normal human sera of antibodies specific to five kinds of microbial antigens. Pathog Dis 2013; 67:206-13. [PMID: 23620184 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The levels of subclass-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to five microbial antigens in normal human sera were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The aim was to compare the IgG subclass profiles of specific antibodies to diverse antigens originating from virus, intra- and extracellular bacteria. Serum samples from 162 Danish women were analyzed for IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 antibodies against a peptide of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia trachomatis, the native outer membrane proteins of Chlamydia pneumoniae, recombinant membrane proteins of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, recombinant parvovirus B19 capsomers (VP1 and VP2) and C-polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Antibodies specific for viral and bacterial protein antigens belonged mainly to the subclasses IgG1 and IgG3 while the antibody profile specific for pneumococcal C-polysaccharide was dominated by the subclass IgG2. Antibodies to virus, intra- and extracellular bacteria entering the body via the respiratory tract were found primarily to elicit an IgG1 response. In contrast, antibodies specific for MOMP from C. trachomatis, which infects the urogenital tract, were predominantly IgG3. Our results show that the nature of the antigen and/or the site of colonization or infection have impact on which type of IgG subclass a microorganism elicits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Hjelholt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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43
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Hinge M, Ingels HA, Slotved HC, Mølle I. Serologic response to a 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine administered prior to autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma. APMIS 2012; 120:935-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2012.02922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Hinge
- Department of Hematology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus C
| | - Helene A.S. Ingels
- Department of Microbiological Surveillance and Research; Statens Serum Institut; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Hans-Christian Slotved
- Department of Microbiological Surveillance and Research; Statens Serum Institut; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Ingolf Mølle
- Department of Hematology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus C
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44
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van Hoeven KH, Joseph RE, Gaughan WJ, McBride L, Bilotti E, McNeill A, Schmidt L, Schillen D, Siegel DS. The anion gap and routine serum protein measurements in monoclonal gammopathies. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 6:2814-21. [PMID: 22157711 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.07380711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES An abnormal anion gap and an increased total protein and globulin are clues to the diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy. We explored the utility of these markers in IgG, IgA, IgM, and free light chain monoclonal gammopathies. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS The anion gap, Na(+) - (Cl(-) + HCO(3)(-)), corrected for hypoalbuminemia, was calculated in patients with monoclonal gammopathies. Exclusion criteria were serum calcium >10.5 mg/dl and/or creatinine >2 mg/dl. RESULTS Among 287 patients, 242 remained after applying exclusion criteria (109 IgG, 64 IgA, 21 IgM, and 48 light chain); 36% of 242 patients required correction for hypoalbuminemia. The anion gap was decreased (<10) in 22% of IgG and increased (>15) in 31% of IgA monoclonal gammopathies. IgM did not affect the gap. In light chain gammopathies, the anion gap showed no consistent trend (15% increased, 17% decreased). Mean clonal IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations were 10-fold higher than mean clonal free light chain concentrations in the respective monoclonal gammopathies (P < 0.001). These paraprotein level disparities were reflected in significantly increased mean serum total protein and globulin concentrations in IgG, IgA, and IgM versus free light chain monoclonal gammopathies, where mean total protein and globulin levels were within normal limits (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The anion gap was significantly altered in IgG and IgA monoclonal gammopathies, but it was not a sensitive tool for suspecting the diagnosis. In light chain monoclonal gammopathies, the anion gap, total protein, and globulin did not provide reliable diagnostic clues.
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45
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Oak S, Radtke J, Törn C, Landin-Olsson M, Hampe CS. Immunoglobulin subclass profiles of anti-idiotypic antibodies to GAD65Ab differ between type 1 diabetes patients and healthy individuals. Scand J Immunol 2011; 74:363-7. [PMID: 21517929 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Previously we reported the presence of anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Id)-specific to autoantibodies against GAD65 (GAD65Ab) in healthy individuals while the activity of anti-Id directed to GAD65Ab in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients was significantly lower. These anti-Id recognize the antigen-binding site of GAD65Ab, thus preventing their binding to GAD65. Here, we characterized the IgG subclass profile of these anti-Id (GAD65Ab specific) and of the associated GAD65Ab themselves. The IgG subclass response of anti-Id in healthy individuals (n = 16) was IgG3-dominated, while in T1D patients (n = 8) IgG1 was the major IgG subclass. The GAD65Ab bound by anti-Id in both healthy individuals (n = 38) and GAD65Ab-negative T1D patients (n = 35) showed a predominant rank order of IgG1 > IgG2 > IgG4 > IgG3. However, the frequency of GAD65Ab of the IgG4 subclass was significantly higher in T1D patients (P < 0.05). We conclude that the IgG subclass profile of anti-Id (GAD65Ab specific) in healthy individuals differs from that in T1D patients. These differences may provide insights into the development of these antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oak
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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46
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Qu Z, Liu G, Li J, Wu LH, Tan Y, Zheng X, Ao J, Zhao MH. Absence of glomerular IgG4 deposition in patients with membranous nephropathy may indicate malignancy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:1931-7. [PMID: 21976738 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renal pathological manifestations of malignancy-associated membranous nephropathy (M-MN) and idiopathic membranous nephropathy (I-MN) are similar. It has been suggested that glomerular IgG4 deposition may play an important role in the pathogenesis of I-MN. In the present study, we compared the IgG subclass of immune complex deposition, clinical data and pathological data of patients with M-MN and I-MN. METHODS Eight patients with M-MN and 42 patients with I-MN diagnosed between 1997 and 2009 in our hospital were enrolled. The clinical and pathological data were retrospectively collected, and glomerular IgG subclass deposition was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Patients with M-MN were older (P = 0.003), with lower serum albumin (P = 0.034) and higher serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level (P = 0.003) than patients with I-MN. The majority of patients with M-MN had earlier pathological stages (P = 0.003) and less IgG deposition in glomeruli (P = 0.029). Absence of IgG4 deposition in glomeruli was notably observed in patients with M-MN (7/8 in M-MN versus 6/42 in I-MN, P < 0.001) and it was an independent predictor for occurrence of malignancy (hazard ratio 0.065, 95% confidence intervals 0.007-0.571, P = 0.014). CONCLUSION Absence of glomerular IgG4 deposition, together with older age, severe hypoalbuminemia and high serum CRP level could be useful clues to differentiate M-MN from I-MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
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47
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Mølle I, Ostergaard M, Melsvik D, Nyvold CG. Infectious complications after chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: implications of Fc gamma receptor and myeloperoxidase promoter polymorphisms. Leuk Lymphoma 2008; 49:1116-22. [PMID: 18452102 DOI: 10.1080/10428190802074585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is associated with a high risk of infections. We hypothesized that Fc gamma receptor (FCGR) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) promoter gene polymorphisms influence the risk of infections after induction chemotherapy (IC) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Retrospectively, we analysed 136 patient courses of IC and 113 procedures of ASCT. Genetic analyses were made with PCR techniques on genomic DNA. The incidence rate ratio of sepsis during ASCT in patients homozygous for the G-129MPO promoter type was 0.30 (95% CI: 0.09-0.96). The G-463AMPO promoter polymorphism was not associated with the risk of infections. The polymorphisms of FCGR2A, FCGR3A and FCGR3B were not convincingly associated with infections. The NA1 variant of FCGR3B was strongly skewed with other risk factors, and the results in IC and ASCT were conflicting. Further studies of the G-129AMPO promoter as a potential risk modifier for infections are relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingolf Mølle
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Aarhus, THG, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark.
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48
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ASHBEE H, MUIR S, CUNLIFFE W, INGHAM E. IgG subclasses specific to Staphylococcus epidermidis
and Propionibacterium acnes
in patients with acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.6641649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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49
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González D, van der Burg M, García-Sanz R, Fenton JA, Langerak AW, González M, van Dongen JJM, San Miguel JF, Morgan GJ. Immunoglobulin gene rearrangements and the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. Blood 2007; 110:3112-21. [PMID: 17634408 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-02-069625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe ability to rearrange the germ-line DNA to generate antibody diversity is an essential prerequisite for the production of a functional repertoire. While this is essential to prevent infections, it also represents the “Achilles heal” of the B-cell lineage, occasionally leading to malignant transformation of these cells by translocation of protooncogenes into the immunoglobulin (Ig) loci. However, in evolutionary terms this is a small price to pay for a functional immune system. The study of the configuration and rearrangements of the Ig gene loci has contributed extensively to our understanding of the natural history of development of myeloma. In addition to this, the analysis of Ig gene rearrangements in B-cell neoplasms provides information about the clonal origin of the disease, prognosis, as well as providing a clinical useful tool for clonality detection and minimal residual disease monitoring. Herein, we review the data currently available on both Ig gene rearrangements and protein patterns seen in myeloma with the aim of illustrating how this knowledge has contributed to our understanding of the pathobiology of myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David González
- Section of Haemato-Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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Gibbs E, Oger J. The IgG subclass-specificities of anti-IFNβ antibodies change with time and differ between the IFNβ products in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 190:146-50. [PMID: 17825927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Interferon beta (IFNbeta) antibodies are frequently produced during treatment with IFNbeta in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. In recent years, it has become clear that these antibodies cause a decrease in IFNbeta-induced biomarkers and in IFNbeta clinical efficacy. Anti-IFNbeta antibodies are mainly of the IgG isotype, which consists of 4 subclasses. In this study, we tested whether changes occurred in IgG subclasses over time. A series of sera from 21 IFNbeta-treated patients (11 IFNbeta-1a, 10 IFNbeta-1b) were analysed longitudinally using a capture ELISA. IFNbeta-1a treated patients had a restricted subclass distribution, whilst IFNbeta-1b-treated patients demonstrated a wider distribution. When compared to IFNbeta-1b-treated patients, IFNbeta-1a-treated patients had lower levels of total and subclass-specific IgGs against IFNbeta. In particular, antibody levels were markedly lower in the neutralizing antibody (NAb) negative (-) category of IFNbeta-1a-treated patients in comparison to the NAb-IFNbeta-1b-treated patients. The most striking observation of this study were the very low levels or complete absence of IgG3 subclass-specific antibodies to IFNbeta in IFNbeta-1a-treated patients. This difference in the levels of IgG3 may help to clarify the differences in the overall pattern of development of anti-IFNbeta antibodies in IFNbeta-1a-and IFNbeta-1b-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrima Gibbs
- Neuro-Immunology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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