1
|
Increased IL-6 secretion by aged human mesenchymal stromal cells disrupts hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells' homeostasis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13285-96. [PMID: 26934440 PMCID: PMC4924641 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) homeostasis declines with age, leading to impaired hematopoiesis. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are critical components of the bone marrow niche and key regulators of the balance between HSPC proliferation and quiescence. Accrual of DNA damage, a hallmark of cellular aging, occurs in aged MSC. Whether MSC aging alters the bone marrow niche triggering HSPC dysfunction is unknown. Using a human MSC-HSPC co-culture system, we demonstrated that DNA damaged MSC have impaired capacity to maintain CD34+CD38− HSPC quiescence. Furthermore, human MSC from adult donors display some hallmarks of cellular senescence and have a decreased capacity to maintain HSPC quiescence and the most primitive CD34+CD38− subset compared to MSC from pediatric donors. IL-6 neutralization restores the MSC-HPSC crosstalk in senescent and adult MSC-HSPC co-cultures highlighting the relevance of the local microenvironment in maintaining HSPC homeostasis. These results provide new evidence implicating components of the MSC secretome in HSPC aging.
Collapse
|
2
|
Jentzsch M, Bill M, Nicolet D, Leiblein S, Schubert K, Pless M, Bergmann U, Wildenberger K, Schuhmann L, Cross M, Pönisch W, Franke GN, Vucinic V, Lange T, Behre G, Mrózek K, Bloomfield CD, Niederwieser D, Schwind S. Prognostic impact of the CD34+/CD38- cell burden in patients with acute myeloid leukemia receiving allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Am J Hematol 2017; 92:388-396. [PMID: 28133783 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), leukemia-initiating cells exist within the CD34+/CD38- cell compartment. They are assumed to be more resistant to chemotherapy, enriched in minimal residual disease cell populations, and responsible for relapse. Here we evaluated clinical and biological associations and the prognostic impact of a high diagnostic CD34+/CD38- cell burden in 169 AML patients receiving an allogeneic stem cell transplantation in complete remission. Here, the therapeutic approach is mainly based on immunological graft-versus-leukemia effects. Percentage of bone marrow CD34+/CD38- cell burden at diagnosis was measured using flow cytometry and was highly variable (median 0.5%, range 0%-89% of all mononuclear cells). A high CD34+/CD38- cell burden at diagnosis associated with worse genetic risk and secondary AML. Patients with a high CD34+/CD38- cell burden had shorter relapse-free and overall survival which may be mediated by residual leukemia-initiating cells in the CD34+/CD38- cell population, escaping the graft-versus-leukemia effect after allogeneic transplantation. Evaluating the CD34+/CD38- cell burden at diagnosis may help to identify patients at high risk of relapse after allogeneic transplantation. Further studies to understand leukemia-initiating cell biology and develop targeting therapies to improve outcomes of AML patients are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Jentzsch
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Marius Bill
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Deedra Nicolet
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Sabine Leiblein
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Karoline Schubert
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Martina Pless
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Ulrike Bergmann
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Kathrin Wildenberger
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Luba Schuhmann
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Michael Cross
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Wolfram Pönisch
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Georg-Nikolaus Franke
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Vladan Vucinic
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Thoralf Lange
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Gerhard Behre
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Krzysztof Mrózek
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus Ohio USA
| | | | - Dietger Niederwieser
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Sebastian Schwind
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mathivanan I, Trepp C, Brunold C, Baerlocher G, Enzmann V. Retinal differentiation of human bone marrow-derived stem cells by co-culture with retinal pigment epithelium in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2015; 333:11-20. [PMID: 25724900 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the in vitro differentiation capacity of human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hBMSCs) along retinal lineages. Mononuclear cells (MNC) were isolated from bone marrow (BM) and mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) using Ficoll-Paque density gradient centrifugation, and were sorted by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) for specific stem cell subsets (CD34(+)CD38(+)/CD34(+)CD38(-)). These cells were then co-cultured on human retinal pigment epithelial cells (hRPE) for 7 days. The expression of stem cell, neural and retina-specific markers was examined by immunostaining, and the gene expression profiles were assessed after FACS separation of the co-cultured hBMSCs by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, in vitro functionality of the differentiated cells was analyzed by quantifying phagocytosis of CY5-labeled photoreceptor outer segments (POS). After 7 days of co-culture, hBMSCs adopted an elongated epithelial-like morphology and expressed RPE-specific markers, such as RPE65 and bestrophin. In addition, these differentiated cells were able to phagocytose OS, one of the main characteristics of native RPE cells. Our data demonstrated that human CD34(+)CD38(-) hBMSC may differentiate towards an RPE-like cell type in vitro and could become a new type of autologous donor cell for regenerative therapy in retinal degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isai Mathivanan
- Dept. of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Dept. of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carolyn Trepp
- Dept. of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Dept. of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Brunold
- Dept. of Hematology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Baerlocher
- Dept. of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Dept. of Hematology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Volker Enzmann
- Dept. of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Dept. of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Muench MO, Beyer AI, Fomin ME, Thakker R, Mulvaney US, Nakamura M, Suemizu H, Bárcena A. The adult livers of immunodeficient mice support human hematopoiesis: evidence for a hepatic mast cell population that develops early in human ontogeny. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97312. [PMID: 24819392 PMCID: PMC4018295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a vital role in hematopoiesis during mammalian prenatal development but its hematopoietic output declines during the perinatal period. Nonetheless, hepatic hematopoiesis is believed to persist into adulthood. We sought to model human adult-liver hematopoiesis by transplantation of fetal and neonatal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into adult immunodeficient mice. Livers were found to be engrafted with human cells consisting primarily of monocytes and B-cells with lesser contributions by erythrocytes, T-cells, NK-cells and mast-cells. A resident population of CD117(++)CD203c(+) mast cells was also documented in human midgestation liver, indicating that these cells comprise part of the liver's resident immune cell repertoire throughout human ontogeny. The murine liver was shown to support human multilineage hematopoiesis up to 321 days after transplant. Evidence of murine hepatic hematopoiesis was also found in common mouse strains as old as 2 years. Human HSC engraftment of the murine liver was demonstrated by detection of high proliferative-potential colony-forming cells in clonal cultures, observation of CD38-CD34(++) and CD133(+)CD34(++) cells by flow cytometry, and hematopoietic reconstitution of secondary transplant recipients of chimeric liver cells. Additionally, chimeric mice with both hematopoietic and endothelial reconstitution were generated by intrasplenic injection of immunodeficient mice with liver specific expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) transgene. In conclusion, the murine liver is shown to be a hematopoietic organ throughout adult life that can also support human hematopoiesis in severely immunodeficient strains. Further humanization of the murine liver can be achieved in mice harboring an uPA transgene, which support engraftment of non-hematopoietic cells types. Thus, offering a model system to study the interaction of diverse human liver cell types that regulate hematopoiesis and immune function in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus O. Muench
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ashley I. Beyer
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Marina E. Fomin
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rahul Thakker
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Usha S. Mulvaney
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Masato Nakamura
- Biomedical Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- Biomedical Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Alicia Bárcena
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu F, Li X, Chang CK, Guo J, Wu LY, He Q, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Gu SC, Shi WH, Song LX, Su JY, Zhou LY, Zhang X, Wu D. Establishment and validation of an updated diagnostic FCM scoring system based on pooled immunophenotyping in CD34+ blasts and its clinical significance for myelodysplastic syndromes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88706. [PMID: 24558415 PMCID: PMC3928275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal immunophenotypes of hematopoietic cells can be detected by flow cytometry (FCM) to assist the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We previously established a FCM scoring system for the diagnosis of low-grade MDS. In this study, additional valuable antigens were involved in an updated FCM scoring system (u-FCMSS) for all MDS subtypes. The u-FCMSS showed better sensitivity and specificity (89.4% and 96.5%) in distinguishing MDS from non-clonal cytopenia diseases. Validation analysis of u-FCMSS exhibited comparable sensitivity and specificity (86.7% and 93.3%) and high agreement rate (88.9%) of FCM diagnosis with morphological diagnosis at optimal cut-off (score 3). The distribution of FCM scores in different disease stages was also analyzed. The results suggested that early scoring from abnormal expression of mature myeloid/lymphoid antigens and advanced scoring from abnormal expression of stem/progenitor antigens expression constituted the majority of FCM scores of low-grade and high-grade MDS, respectively. High early scoring was generally accompanied by low IPSS-R score and superior survival, whereas high advanced scoring was accompanied by high IPSS-R score and inferior survival. In addition, the low-risk MDS patients with high early scoring and low advanced scoring were revealed as candidates for immunosuppressive therapy, whereas those with high advanced scoring and low early scoring may be more suitable for decitabine treatment. In conclusion, the u-FCMSS is a useful tool for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment selection in MDS. Differences in classes of antigens expressed and in distribution of FCM scores may reflect distinctive stage characteristics of MDS during disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Chun-Kang Chang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Chen Gu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hui Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Xi Song
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Ying Su
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Yu Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu F, Guo J, Wu LY, He Q, Zhang Z, Chang CK, Li X. Diagnostic application and clinical significance of FCM progress scoring system based on immunophenotyping in CD34+ blasts in myelodysplastic syndromes. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2013; 84:267-78. [PMID: 23554290 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, which reflect the malignant nature of clonal cells in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), can be detected by flow cytometry (FCM) and potentially applied to assist diagnosis and evaluate prognosis in MDS. METHODS In this study, a series of immunophenotypes such as CD34, CD19, CD38, CD117, and CD7, which are related to proliferation and differentiation of HSCs, were determined by FCM in the patients with nonclonal cytopenias diseases and MDS. Based on the expression pattern of these immunophenotypes, a FCM progress scoring (FPS) system was constructed and evaluated. RESULTS The FPS system showed good sensitivity and specificity (63.6% and 100.0%) in distinguishing MDS from nonclonal cytopenias diseases. Validation analysis of FPS system indicated comparable sensitivity and specificity (73.7% and 97.1%) and high agreement rate (82.6%) of FCM diagnosis with morphological diagnosis. The high-grade MDS had higher FPS score compared to low-grade MDS (P < 0.001). Noticeably, hypocellular MDS had lower FPS score (P < 0.001), most of which could not be diagnosed by FPS system. Besides, FPS score showed obvious positive correlation with WHO classification, IPSS score, percentage of marrow blasts, and cytogenetic prognosis scoring. Elevated FPS score predicted higher disease progression and shorter survival in MDS. CONCLUSION The FPS system based on immunophenotyping in CD34+ blasts is a useful and simple tool for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation in MDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Hematology, the Sixth Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China 200233
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Distinct clinical and experimental characteristics in the patients younger than 60 years old with myelodysplastic syndromes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57392. [PMID: 23468979 PMCID: PMC3585386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) mainly occur in elderly individuals in Western countries. However, MDS is commonly found in young individuals (<60 years) in Asia. The reason for the high incidence in younger individuals is still unclear, and the differences in disease features between young and elderly patients with MDS have been not well recognized. To explore these issues, in this study, we analyzed the clinical and experimental characteristics of MDS in the patients younger and older than 60 years old and characterized the potential age-associated differences. The results showed that over half of the patients with MDS (61.9%) were younger than 60 years old upon the first diagnosis. The younger patients were more likely to be female, who have lower risk and less advanced MDS. The occurrence of trisomy 8 and bone marrow failure were more frequent in the younger patients than the older ones. The marrow CD34+ cells in the younger patients showed lower proliferation and higher apoptosis in comparison with that in the older ones. Obvious amplification of T cells and low CFU formation could be found in the younger patients. CFU formation was significantly increased in the younger patients after the removal of activated T cells. In addition, the younger patients had a lower frequency of p15INK4B methylation, longer survival expectancy and less AML transformation. In summary, the younger patients with MDS in China may show more benign disease features than the older ones. Enhanced immunological response may be involved in the pathogenesis of MDS in the patients younger than 60 years.
Collapse
|
8
|
Qiu L, Low HP, Chang CI, Strohsnitter WC, Anderson M, Edmiston K, Adami HO, Ekbom A, Hall P, Lagiou P, Trichopoulos D, Hsieh CC. Novel measurements of mammary stem cells in human umbilical cord blood as prospective predictors of breast cancer susceptibility in later life. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:245-250. [PMID: 21515664 PMCID: PMC3276324 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The size of the breast stem-cell pool could underlie the intrauterine roots of breast cancer. We studied whether breast stem cells exist in umbilical cord blood and if they correlate with hematopoietic stem-cell measurements that have been positively associated with perinatal risk factors for breast cancer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We isolated mononuclear cells from umbilical cord blood of 170 singleton full-term pregnancies and determined, by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the presence of genes of putative breast epithelial stem-cell/progenitor markers [including epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), CD49f (α6-integrin), CD117 (c-kit receptor), CD24, and CD29 (β1-integrin)]. By immunocytochemistry, we colocalized protein expressions of EpCAM+CD49f+, CD49f+CD24+, and CD24+CD29+. We correlated concentrations of putative breast stem-cell/progenitor subpopulations, quantified by flow cytometry, with concentrations of hematopoietic stem cells. RESULTS Mammary stem-cell phenotypes were identified in umbilical cord blood. The measured EpCAM+ subpopulation was positively correlated with concentrations of CD34+ and CD34+CD38- hematopoietic stem cells (both P=0.006). Additionally, EpCAM+CD49f+ and CD49f+CD24+ subpopulations were positively correlated to the CD34+ cells (P=0.03 and 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSION The positive association between measurable breast and hematopoietic stem cells in human umbilical cord blood suggests plausible mechanisms for a prenatal influence on breast cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Qiu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - H P Low
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - C-I Chang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - W C Strohsnitter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston
| | - M Anderson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School and University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care, Worcester
| | - K Edmiston
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School and University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care, Worcester
| | - H-O Adami
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - A Ekbom
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - P Lagiou
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - D Trichopoulos
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - C-C Hsieh
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chaudhry P, Yang X, Wagner M, Jong A, Wu L. Retinoid-regulated FGF8f secretion by osteoblasts bypasses retinoid stimuli to mediate granulocytic differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 11:267-76. [PMID: 22135230 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Signaling from the human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche formed by osteoblastic cells regulates hematopoiesis. We previously found that retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα), a transcription factor activated by retinoic acid (RA), mediates both granulocytic and osteoblastic differentiation. This effect depends on decreased phosphorylation of serine 77 of RARα (RARαS77) by the cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase (CAK) complex, a key cell-cycle regulator. In this article, we report that, by suppressing CAK phosphorylation of RARα, RA induces FGF8f to mediate osteosarcoma U2OS cell differentiation in an autocrine manner. By contrast, paracrine FGF8f secreted into osteoblast-conditioned medium by U2OS cells transduced with FGF8f or a phosphorylation-defective RARαS77 mutant, RARαS77A, bypasses RA stimuli to cross-mediate granulocytic differentiation of different types of human leukemic myeloblasts and normal primitive hematopoietic CD34(+) cells, possibly through modulating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Further experiments using recombinant human FGF8f (rFGF8f) stimuli, antibody neutralization, and peptide blocking showed that paracrine FGF8f is required for mediating terminal leukemic myeloblast differentiation. These studies indicate a novel regulatory mechanism of granulocytic differentiation instigated by RA from the HSC niche, which links loss of CAK phosphorylation of RARα with paracrine FGF8f-mediated MAPK signaling to mediate leukemic myeloblast differentiation in the absence of RA. Therefore, these findings provide a compelling molecular rationale for further investigation of paracrine FGF8f regulation, with the intent of devising HSC niche-based FGF8f therapeutics for myeloid leukemia, with or without RA-resistance.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 8/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 8/metabolism
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 8/pharmacology
- Granulocytes/drug effects
- Granulocytes/metabolism
- Granulocytes/pathology
- HL-60 Cells
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Mutation
- Osteoblasts/drug effects
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
- Retinoids/pharmacology
- Stem Cell Niche/drug effects
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-Activating Kinase
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parvesh Chaudhry
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rübe CE, Fricke A, Widmann TA, Fürst T, Madry H, Pfreundschuh M, Rübe C. Accumulation of DNA damage in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells during human aging. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17487. [PMID: 21408175 PMCID: PMC3049780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulation of DNA damage leading to adult stem cell exhaustion has been proposed to be a principal mechanism of aging. Here we tested this hypothesis in healthy individuals of different ages by examining unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells matured in their physiological microenvironment. Methodology/Principal Findings To asses DNA damage accumulation and repair capacities, γH2AX-foci were examined before and after exposure to ionizing irradiation. Analyzing CD34+ and CD34− stem/progenitor cells we observed an increase of endogenous γH2AX-foci levels with advancing donor age, associated with an age-related decline in telomere length. Using combined immunofluorescence and telomere-fluorescence in-situ hybridization we show that γH2AX-foci co-localize consistently with other repair factors such as pATM, MDC1 and 53BP1, but not significantly with telomeres, strongly supporting the telomere-independent origin for the majority of foci. The highest inter-individual variations for non-telomeric DNA damage were observed in middle-aged donors, whereas the individual DSB repair capacity appears to determine the extent of DNA damage accrual. However, analyzing different stem/progenitor subpopulations obtained from healthy elderly (>70 years), we observed an only modest increase in DNA damage accrual, most pronounced in the primitive CD34+CD38−-enriched subfraction, but sustained DNA repair efficiencies, suggesting that healthy lifestyle may slow down the natural aging process. Conclusions/Significance Based on these findings we conclude that age-related non-telomeric DNA damage accrual accompanies physiological stem cell aging in humans. Moreover, aging may alter the functional capacity of human stem cells to repair DSBs, thereby deteriorating an important genome protection mechanism leading to exceeding DNA damage accumulation. However, the great inter-individual variations in middle-aged individuals suggest that additional cell-intrinsic mechanisms and/or extrinsic factors contribute to the age-associated DNA damage accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Rübe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Analysis of the vascular profile and CD99 protein expression in the partial and complete hydatidiform moles using quantitative CD34 immunohistochemistry. Exp Mol Pathol 2010; 89:343-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
12
|
Vitacolonna M, Schubert M, Herbert N, Taubert I, Singh R, Ho A, Zöller M. Improved T and B cell recovery by the transfer of slowly dividing human hematopoietic stem cells. Leuk Res 2009; 34:622-30. [PMID: 19906424 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human hematopoietic stem cells giving rise to long term initiating cells in vitro are enriched in a CD34(+) slow dividing fraction (SDF). Here, we tested reconstitution and multilineage differentiation of this CD34(+) SDF in NOD/SCID mice. In the bone marrow a slightly higher percentage of human hematopoietic progenitors were recovered after the transfer of the SDF compared to the fast dividing fraction. Instead, T cell maturation in the rudimentary thymus and lymph node repopulation was only initiated by the SDF. The capacity of the SDF to differentiate and mature in the patients' thymus could provide an advantage in immunocompetence recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vitacolonna
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery and German Cancer Research Centre, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Banerjee P, Sieburg M, Samuelson E, Feuer G. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells induces cell cycle arrest by modulation of p21(cip1/waf1) and survivin. Stem Cells 2008; 26:3047-58. [PMID: 18818438 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2008-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic retrovirus and the etiologic agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), an aggressive CD4(+) malignancy. HTLV-2 is highly homologous to HTLV-1; however, infection with HTLV-2 has not been associated with lymphoproliferative diseases. Although HTLV-1 infection of CD4(+) lymphocytes induces cellular replication and transformation, infection of CD34(+) human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) strikingly results in G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest and suppression of in vitro clonogenic colony formation by induction of expression of the cdk inhibitor p21(cip1/waf1) (p21) and concurrent repression of survivin. Immature CD34(+)/CD38(-) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were more susceptible to alterations of p21 and survivin expression as a result of HTLV-1 infection, in contrast to more mature CD34(+)/CD38(+) HPCs. Knockdown of p21 expression in HTLV-1-infected CD34(+) HPCs partially abrogated cell cycle arrest. Notably, HTLV-2, an HTLV strain that is not associated with leukemogenesis, does not significantly modulate p21 and survivin expression and does not suppress hematopoiesis from CD34(+) HPCs in vitro. We speculate that the remarkable differences in the activities displayed by CD34(+) HPCs following infection with HTLV-1 or HTLV-2 suggest that HTLV-1 uniquely exploits cell cycle arrest mechanisms to establish a latent infection in hematopoietic progenitor/hematopoietic stem cells and initiates preleukemic events in these cells, which eventually results in the manifestation of ATL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabal Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Correlation of umbilical cord blood haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell levels with birth weight: implications for a prenatal influence on cancer risk. Br J Cancer 2008; 98:660-3. [PMID: 18256588 PMCID: PMC2243150 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the relation with birth weight and umbilical cord blood concentrations of haematopoietic stem and progenitor populations in 288 singleton infants. Across the whole range of birth weight, there was a positive relation between birth weight and CD34+CD38− cells, with each 500 g increase in birth weight being associated with a 15.5% higher (95% confidence interval: 1.6–31.3%) cell concentration. CD34+ and CD34+c-kit+ cells had J-shaped relations and CFU-GM cells had a U-shaped relation with birth weight. Among newborns with ⩾3000 g birth weights, concentrations of these cells increased with birth weight, while those below 3000 g had higher stem cell concentrations than the reference category of 3000–3499 g. Adjustment for cord blood plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 levels weakened the stem and progenitor cell–birth weight associations. The positive associations between birth weight and stem cell measurements for term newborns with a normal-to-high birth weight support the stem cell burden hypothesis of cancer risk.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ishii T, Zhao Y, Sozer S, Shi J, Zhang W, Hoffman R, Xu M. Behavior of CD34+ cells isolated from patients with polycythemia vera in NOD/SCID mice. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:1633-40. [PMID: 17764815 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated if polycythemia vera (PV) peripheral blood (PB) CD34+ cells contain cells capable of engrafting nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice and if the JAK2V617F mutational burden of these cells alters their behavior in NOD/SCID mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS CD34+ cells isolated from patients with PV, idiopathic myelofibrosis (IM), or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized normal donors were transplanted into sublethally irradiated NOD/SCID mice. Cells engrafted into the NOD/SCID mice were analyzed flow cytometrically using lineage-specific antibodies. Genomic DNA was extracted from granulocytes, CD34+ cells, and sorted human CD45(+) cells purified from the bone marrow cells of these mice to examine their JAK2V617F mutational burdens. RESULTS Multilineage human cell engraftment was observed in mice transplanted with CD34+ cells from mobilized normal volunteers, IM patients and PV patients with high JAK2V617F burden, but not in mice receiving grafts from PV patients with low JAK2V617F burden. The differentiation program of engrafting PV CD34+ cells with high JAK2V617F burden was remarkably different than that of IM CD34+ cells. The JAK2V617F allele frequency in the human CD45+ cells isolated from the mice receiving CD34+ cells was lower than that observed in the CD34+ cell grafts, indicating the persistence of a JAK2V617F negative compartment of stem cells. CONCLUSION We conclude that PB CD34+ cells from PV patients with high JAK2V617F burden and patients with IM contain NOD/SCID repopulating cells, and that differentiation program of IM and PV CD34+ cells are dramatically different.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Ishii
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu M, Bruno E, Chao J, Ni H, Lindgren V, Nunez R, Mahmud N, Finazzi G, Fruchtman SM, Popat U, Liu E, Prchal JT, Rondelli D, Barosi G, Hoffman R. The constitutive mobilization of bone marrow-repopulating cells into the peripheral blood in idiopathic myelofibrosis. Blood 2005; 105:1699-705. [PMID: 15471948 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-06-2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractIdiopathic myelofibrosis (IM) is characterized by the constitutive mobilization of CD34+ cells. IM peripheral blood (PB) CD34+ cells had a reduced cloning efficiency and a lower frequency of cobblestone areas compared with normal granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized PB CD34+ cells. IM CD34+ cells engrafted nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice, demonstrating that they contain bone marrow (BM)-repopulating cells. G-CSF-mobilized CD34+ cells produced multiple hematopoietic lineages within the NOD/SCID mice with a predominance of CD19+ cells. By contrast, IM CD34+ cells produced predominantly CD33+ cells, increased numbers of CD41+ cells, but fewer CD19+ cells. Transcriptional clonality assays of the engrafted human IM cells demonstrated their clonal origin. CD34+ cells from one patient isolated prior to leukemic transformation were capable of generating acute leukemia in NOD/SCID mice. The engrafted human cells exhibited the same abnormal karyotype as primary cells in a portion of the population. These findings demonstrate that BM-repopulating cells and more differentiated progenitor cells are constitutively mobilized into the PB in IM, and that their differentiation program is abnormal. In addition, the NOD/SCID model may be useful in gaining an understanding of the events occurring during the transition of IM to acute leukemia. (Blood. 2005;105:1699-1705)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiang Xu
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60607-7171, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Association of Fetal Hormone Levels with Stem Cell Potential: Evidence for Early Life Roots of Human Cancer. Cancer Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.358.65.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Intrauterine and perinatal factors have been linked to risk of childhood leukemia, testicular cancer, and breast cancer in the offspring. The pool of stem cells in target tissue has been suggested as a critical factor linking early life exposures to cancer. We examined the relation between intrauterine hormone levels and measurements of stem cell potential in umbilical cord blood. Cord blood donors were 40 women, ages ≥18 years, who delivered, from August 2002 to June 2003, a singleton birth after a gestation of at least 37 weeks. We assayed plasma concentrations of estradiol, unconjugated estriol, testosterone, progesterone, prolactin, sex hormone binding globulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and IGF binding protein-3. For stem cell potential, we measured concentrations of CD34+ and CD34+CD38− cells and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (CFU-GM). We applied linear regression analysis and controlled for maternal and neonatal characteristics. We found strong positive associations between IGF-I and stem cell measures, 1 SD increase in IGF-I being associated with a 41% increase in CD34+ (P = 0.008), a 109% increase in CD34+CD38− (P = 0.005), and a 94% increase in CFU-GM (P = 0.01). Similar associations were observed for IGF binding protein-3. Among steroid hormones, estriol and testosterone were significantly positively associated with CD34+ and CFU-GM. These findings indicate that levels of growth factors and hormones are strongly associated with stem cell potential in human umbilical cord blood and point to a potential mechanism that may mediate the relationship between in utero exposure to hormones and cancer risk in the offspring.
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Muench MO, Suskind DL, Bárcena A. Isolation, growth and identification of colony-forming cells with erythroid, myeloid, dendritic cell and NK-cell potential from human fetal liver. Biol Proced Online 2002; 4:10-23. [PMID: 12734573 PMCID: PMC145552 DOI: 10.1251/bpo29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2002] [Revised: 05/16/2002] [Accepted: 05/27/2002] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the process by which they differentiate into committed progenitors has been hampered by the lack of in vitro clonal assays that can support erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid differentiation. We describe a method for the isolation from human fetal liver of highly purified candidate HSCs and progenitors based on the phenotypes CD38(-)CD34(++) and CD38(+)CD34(++), respectively. We also describe a method for the growth of colony-forming cells (CFCs) from these cell populations, under defined culture conditions, that supports the differentiation of erythroid, CD14/CD15(+) myeloid, CD1a(+) dendritic cell and CD56(+) NK cell lineages. Flow cytometric analyses of individual colonies demonstrate that CFCs with erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid potential are distributed among both the CD38(-) and CD38(+) populations of CD34(++) progenitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus O Muench
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco. 3rd & Parnassus Ave., Room U-440; San Francisco, CA 94143-0793.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Muench MO, Bárcena A. Broad distribution of colony-forming cells with erythroid, myeloid, dendritic cell, and NK cell potential among CD34(++) fetal liver cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:4902-9. [PMID: 11673495 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.9.4902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The generation of erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid cells from human fetal liver progenitors was studied in colony-forming cell (CFC) assays. CD38(-) and CD38(+) progenitors that expressed high levels of CD34 were grown in serum-deprived medium supplemented with kit ligand, flk2/flt3 ligand, GM-CSF, c-mpl ligand, erythropoietin, and IL-15. The resulting colonies were individually analyzed by flow cytometry. CD56(+) NK cells were detected in 21.9 and 9.9% of colonies grown from CD38(-) and CD38(+) progenitors, respectively. NK cells were detected in mostly large CD14(+)/CD15(+) myeloid colonies that also, in some cases, contained red cells. NK cells were rarely detected in erythroid colonies, suggesting an early split between the erythroid and the NK cell lineages. CD1a(+) dendritic cells were also present in three-quarters of the colonies grown from CD38(-) and CD38(+) progenitors. Multilineage colonies containing erythrocytes, myeloid cells, and NK cells were present in 13.7 and 2.7% of colonies grown from CD38(-) and CD38(+) progenitors, respectively. High proliferative-potential CFCs that generated multilineage colonies were also detected among both populations of progenitors. The total number of high proliferative-potential CFCs with erythroid, myeloid, and NK cell potential was estimated to be 2-fold higher in the CD38(+) fraction compared with the CD38(-) fraction because of the higher frequency of CD38(+) cells among CD34(++) cells. The broad distribution of multipotent CFCs among CD38(-) and CD38(+) progenitors suggests that the segregation of the erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid lineages may not always be an early event in hemopoiesis. Alternatively, some stem cells may be present among CD38(+) cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M O Muench
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gregorio-King CC, Collier GR, McMillan JS, Waugh CM, McLeod JL, Collier FM, Kirkland MA. ORP-3, a human oxysterol-binding protein gene differentially expressed in hematopoietic cells. Blood 2001; 98:2279-81. [PMID: 11568019 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.7.2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using differential display polymerase chain reaction, a gene was identified in CD34(+)-enriched populations that had with low or absent expression in CD34(-) populations. The full coding sequence of this transcript was obtained, and the predicted protein has a high degree of homology to oxysterol-binding protein. This gene has been designated OSBP-related protein 3 (ORP-3). Expression of ORP-3 was found to be 3- to 4-fold higher in CD34(+) cells than in CD34(-) cells. Additionally, expression of this gene was 2-fold higher in the more primitive subfraction of hematopoietic cells defined by the CD34(+)38(-) phenotype and was down-regulated with the proliferation and differentiation of CD34(+) cells. The ORP-3 predicted protein contains an oxysterol-binding domain. Well-characterized proteins expressing this domain bind oxysterols in a dose-dependent fashion. Biologic activities of oxysterols include inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis and cell proliferation in a variety of cell types, among them hematopoietic cells. Characterization and differential expression of ORP-3 implicates a possible role in the mediation of oxysterol effects on hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Gregorio-King
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Douglas Hocking Research Institute, Barwon Health, The Geelong Hospital, Geelong Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xiao M, Oppenlander BK, Dooley DC. Transforming growth factor-beta(1) induces apoptosis in CD34(+)CD38(-/low) cells that express Bcl-2 at a low level. Exp Hematol 2001; 29:1098-108. [PMID: 11532351 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(01)00680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) strongly inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of primitive CD34(+)CD38(-) hematopoietic cells. In contrast, Flt3 ligand (FL) is a positive effector of CD34(+)CD38(-/low) cell proliferation. Because apoptosis plays a critical role in hematopoietic development, TGF-beta(1) and FL were analyzed as possible modulators of apoptosis. Specifically, this report examined expression of apoptotic promoters Bax and Bad and apoptotic inhibitors Bcl-2 and Bcl-x (all members of the Bcl-2 protein family). Protein levels were determined in fresh and cultured CD34(+)CD38(+) cells and CD34(+)CD38(-/low) cells with and without treatment with TGF-beta(1) and FL. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells fractions were purified by sorting CD34(+)-enriched mononuclear cells from mobilized peripheral blood. Expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-x, Bax, and Bad and the extent of apoptosis were determined by flow cytometric analysis of freshly isolated cells and cells cultured with TGF-beta(1) and FL effectors. RESULTS TGF-beta(1) reduced CD34(+)CD38(+) cell expansion and arrested cell division. Inhibition of growth was not accompanied by an increase in apoptosis. In CD34(+)CD38(-)(/low) cells, serum TGF-beta(1) and added TGF-beta(1) inhibited cell growth and significantly increased apoptotic cell death. Freshly isolated CD34(+)CD38(+) and CD34(+)CD38(-/low) cells expressed Bcl-2 at similar low levels. However, after 3 days, Bcl-2 expression was markedly higher in cultured CD34(+)CD38(+) cells. TGF-beta(1) significantly increased Bax expression in both fractions after 3 days cultivation (p = 0.0034). Thus, addition of TGF beta-1 further reduced the already low Bcl-2:Bax ratio in CD34(+)CD38(-/low) cells. CONCLUSIONS Compared to CD34(+)CD38(+) cells, CD34(+)CD38(-/low) cells were slow to up-regulate expression of Bcl-2 during ex vivo culture. TGF-beta(1) up-regulated Bax expression by both CD34(+)CD38(+) and CD34(+)CD38(-)(/low) cells and promoted apoptosis in the latter fraction. This suggests that the preferential induction of apoptosis in primitive cells by TGF-beta(1) may be due to its further reduction of the Bcl-2:Bax ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Xiao
- Pacific Northwest Regional Blood Services, American Red Cross, Portland, OR 97208, USA. xiaom@usa,redcross.org
| | | | | |
Collapse
|