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Pergolizzi JV, Magnusson P, LeQuang JA, Razmi R, Zampogna G, Taylor R. Statins and Neuropathic Pain: A Narrative Review. Pain Ther 2020; 9:97-111. [PMID: 32020545 PMCID: PMC7203325 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-020-00153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequently prescribed drug class of statins have pleiotropic effects and have been implicated in neuropathic pain syndromes. This narrative review examines studies of statin-induced neuropathic pain which to date have been conducted only in animal models. However, the pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy in humans may shed some light on the etiology of neuropathic pain. Statins have exhibited a paradoxical effect in that statins appear to reduce neuropathic pain in animals but have been associated with neuropathic pain in humans. While there are certain postulated mechanisms offering elucidation as to how statins might be associated with neuropathic pain, there is, as the American Heart Association stated, to date no definitive association between statins and neuropathic pain. Statins are important drugs that reduce cardiovascular risk factors and should be prescribed to appropriate patients with these risk factors but some of this population is also at elevated risk for neuropathic pain from other causes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Magnusson
- Cardiology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Research and Development, Region Gävleborg/Uppsala University, Gävle, Sweden
| | | | - Robin Razmi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Region Gävleborg/Uppsala University, Gävle, Sweden
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Hichor M, Sampathkumar NK, Montanaro J, Borderie D, Petit PX, Gorgievski V, Tzavara ET, Eid AA, Charbonnier F, Grenier J, Massaad C. Paraquat Induces Peripheral Myelin Disruption and Locomotor Defects: Crosstalk with LXR and Wnt Pathways. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:168-183. [PMID: 27788593 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Paraquat (PQT), a redox-active herbicide, is a free radical-producing molecule, causing damage particularly to the nervous system; thus, it is employed as an animal model for Parkinson's disease. However, its impact on peripheral nerve demyelination is still unknown. Our aim is to decipher the influence of PQT-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production on peripheral myelin. RESULTS We report that PQT provokes severe locomotor and sensory defects in mice. PQT elicited an oxidative stress in the nerve, resulting in an increase of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, despite the induction of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent antioxidant defenses. We observed a dramatic disorganization of myelin sheaths in the sciatic nerves, dysregulation of myelin gene expression, and aggregation of myelin proteins, a hallmark of demyelination. PQT altered myelin gene expression via liver X receptor (LXR) signaling, a negative regulator of peripheral myelin gene expression through its dialog with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. PQT prevented β-catenin binding on myelin gene promoters, resulting in the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin-dependent myelin gene expression. Wnt pathway activation by LiCl dampened the deleterious effects of PQT. LiCl blocked PQT-induced oxidative stress and reduced Schwann cell death. LiCl+PQT-treated mice had normal sensorimotor behaviors and a usual nerve structure. INNOVATION We reveal that PQT damages the sciatic nerve by generating an oxidative stress, dysregulating LXR and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. The activation of Wnt signaling by LiCl reduced the deleterious effects of PQT on the nerve. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that PQT instigates peripheral nerve demyelinating neuropathies by enhancing ROS production and deregulating LXR and Wnt pathways. Stimulating Wnt pathway could be a therapeutic strategy for neuropathy treatment. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 168-183.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hichor
- 1 INSERM UMR-S 1124, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris Descartes University , Paris, France
| | - Nirmal Kumar Sampathkumar
- 1 INSERM UMR-S 1124, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris Descartes University , Paris, France
| | - Julia Montanaro
- 1 INSERM UMR-S 1124, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris Descartes University , Paris, France
| | - Didier Borderie
- 1 INSERM UMR-S 1124, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris Descartes University , Paris, France
| | - Patrice X Petit
- 1 INSERM UMR-S 1124, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris Descartes University , Paris, France
| | - Victor Gorgievski
- 2 INSERM UMRS-S 1130, CNRS UMR824, Pierre and Marie Curie University , Paris, France
| | - Eleni T Tzavara
- 2 INSERM UMRS-S 1130, CNRS UMR824, Pierre and Marie Curie University , Paris, France
| | - Assaad A Eid
- 3 Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frédéric Charbonnier
- 1 INSERM UMR-S 1124, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris Descartes University , Paris, France
| | - Julien Grenier
- 1 INSERM UMR-S 1124, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris Descartes University , Paris, France
| | - Charbel Massaad
- 1 INSERM UMR-S 1124, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris Descartes University , Paris, France
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Ma CT, Chyau CC, Hsu CC, Kuo SM, Chuang CW, Lin HH, Chen JH. Pepino polyphenolic extract improved oxidative, inflammatory and glycative stress in the sciatic nerves of diabetic mice. Food Funct 2016; 7:1111-21. [PMID: 26791916 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01358e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of pepino polyphenolic extract (PPE) on diabetic neuropathy was examined. Using HPLC/ESI-MS-MS analysis, PPE was demonstrated to contain coumaroyl and caffeoyl derivatives among polyphenols. PPE at 0.5 or 1% was supplied to diabetic mice for 12 weeks. The PPE intake at two doses significantly improved glycaemic control. These treatments reserved the glutathione (GSH) level, and decreased the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, fructose, and glycation intermediates and precursors of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), such as methylglyoxal (MG) and N-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), in the sciatic nerves of diabetic mice. In a histological study of sciatic nerves, PPE had the effects in improving the nerves of diabetic mice, showing disorganization of the fascicle with numerous small myelinated fibers. The PPE intake at two doses retained the activity, and the protein and mRNA levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and decreased protein expressions of aldose reductase (AR) and the receptor for the advanced glycation end product (RAGE) in sciatic nerves. These findings support that pepino polyphenolic extract could attenuate oxidative, inflammatory and glycative stress in diabetic peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Tsu Ma
- Department of Electric Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan and Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Charng-Cherng Chyau
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hung Kuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Ming Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wen Chuang
- Department of Electric Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan and Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Hsien Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan and Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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Yang X, Yao W, Li Q, Liu H, Shi H, Gao Y, Xu L. Mechanism of Tang Luo Ning effect on attenuating of oxidative stress in sciatic nerve of STZ-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:1-10. [PMID: 26254599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tang Luo Ning recipe (TLN), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine based on Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction, has been used clinically to treat diabetic peripheral neuropathy in China. However, the effect of TLN on diabetic peripheral neuropathy is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the main components in TLN and to investigate the effects of TLN on oxidative stress in diabetic peripheral neuropathy rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of TLN on oxidative stress was investigated in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Fasting blood glucose, body weight, thermal perception threshold test and motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity of sciatic nerve were measured. Sciatic nerve morphology was observed by Haematoxylin and eosin staining and under transmission electron microscope. T-AOC was measured by colorimetric assay. ROS were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nrf2 and γGCS protein levels were measured by Western blot analysis. The expression of Bcl2, Bax and Cyto C were examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS TLN markedly improved the neurological function including thermal perception threshold and nerve conduction velocity of DPN rats. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) staining results showed that TLN attenuated axon atrophy and demyelination in DPN rats. Moreover, TAOC were increased, whereas ROS content was decreased after treatment with TLN in rats with DPN. Furthermore, TLN increased protein levels of Nrf2, γGCS and Bcl2, and decreased Bax and Cyto C expression. CONCLUSIONS TLN improved neurological function to prevent diabetic peripheral neuropathy by attenuating oxidative stress through Nrf2 and Bcl2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Diasease Theory Research, No.10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Weijie Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Diasease Theory Research, No.10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qingqin Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Diasease Theory Research, No.10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haolong Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Diasease Theory Research, No.10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haotian Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Diasease Theory Research, No.10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanbin Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Diasease Theory Research, No.10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liping Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Diasease Theory Research, No.10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
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Wu S, Cao X, He R, Xiong K. Detrimental impact of hyperlipidemia on the peripheral nervous system: A novel target of medical epidemiological and fundamental research study. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:392-9. [PMID: 25774180 PMCID: PMC4350124 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, epidemiological studies on the etiology of peripheral neuropathies have revealed that hyperlipidemia is a novel risk factor. Plasma lipid levels were confirmed to be associated with the incidence of many peripheral neuropathies including axonal distal polyneuropathy, vision and hearing loss, motor nerve system lesions and sympathetic nerve system dysfunction. Moreover, different lipid components such as cholesterol, triacylglycerols and lipoprotein are involved in the pathogenesis of these neuropathies. This review aimed to discuss the effect of hyperlipidemia on the peripheral nervous system and its association with peripheral neuropathies. Furthermore, a detailed discussion focusing on the explicit mechanisms related to hyperlipidemia-induced peripheral neuropathies is presented here. These mechanisms, including intracellular oxidative stress, inflammatory lesions, ischemia and dysregulation of local lipid metabolism, share pathways and interact mutually. In addition, we examined current information on clinical trials to prevent and treat peripheral neuropathies caused by hyperlipidemia, with a predictive discussion regarding the orientation of future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Clinical Medicine Eight-year Program, 01 Class, 07 Grade, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rongzhen He
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Hamilton RT, Bhattacharya A, Walsh ME, Shi Y, Wei R, Zhang Y, Rodriguez KA, Buffenstein R, Chaudhuri AR, Van Remmen H. Elevated protein carbonylation, and misfolding in sciatic nerve from db/db and Sod1(-/-) mice: plausible link between oxidative stress and demyelination. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65725. [PMID: 23750273 PMCID: PMC3672154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy is associated with decrements in motor/sensory neuron myelination, nerve conduction and muscle function; however, the mechanisms of reduced myelination in diabetes are poorly understood. Chronic elevation of oxidative stress may be one of the potential determinants for demyelination as lipids and proteins are important structural constituents of myelin and highly susceptible to oxidation. The goal of the current study was to determine whether there is a link between protein oxidation/misfolding and demyelination. We chose two distinct models to test our hypothesis: 1) the leptin receptor deficient mouse (dbdb) model of diabetic polyneuropathy and 2) superoxide dismutase 1 knockout (Sod1(-/-) ) mouse model of in vivo oxidative stress. Both experimental models displayed a significant decrement in nerve conduction, increase in tail distal motor latency as well as reduced myelin thickness and fiber/axon diameter. Further biochemical studies demonstrated that oxidative stress is likely to be a potential key player in the demyelination process as both models exhibited significant elevation in protein carbonylation and alterations in protein conformation. Since peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) is a key component of myelin sheath and has been found mutated and aggregated in several peripheral neuropathies, we predicted that an increase in carbonylation and aggregation of PMP22 may be associated with demyelination in dbdb mice. Indeed, PMP22 was found to be carbonylated and aggregated in sciatic nerves of dbdb mice. Sequence-driven hydropathy plot analysis and in vitro oxidation-induced aggregation of purified PMP22 protein supported the premise for oxidation-dependent aggregation of PMP22 in dbdb mice. Collectively, these data strongly suggest for the first time that oxidation-mediated protein misfolding and aggregation of key myelin proteins may be linked to demyelination and reduced nerve conduction in peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T. Hamilton
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arunabh Bhattacharya
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Walsh
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rochelle Wei
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Karl A. Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Asish R. Chaudhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ARC); (HV)
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ARC); (HV)
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Gürpınar T, Ekerbiçer N, Uysal N, Barut T, Tarakçı F, Tuglu MI. The effects of the melatonin treatment on the oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetic eye and brain. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:498489. [PMID: 22654617 PMCID: PMC3361279 DOI: 10.1100/2012/498489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of complications in diabetes mellitus. Antioxidant therapy has been thought to decrease oxidative stress. The objective of the present study was to explore the effects of melatonin (MLT) on oxidative stress in diabetic rat eye and brain tissue by using immunohistochemical methods. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin, (STZ, 55 mg/kg/i.p) in adult rats. MLT was given 10 mg/kg/i.p once a day for 2 weeks beginning from the sixth week. Six weeks later, rats were divided into three groups: control (CR), STZ-induced diabetic (STZ), and STZ-induced diabetic group received melatonin (STZ+MLT). Although no significant difference was observed with respect to antioxidant status, NOS activity tended to be higher in the untreated diabetic rats than in the treated rats. It was observed that MLT treatment improved the histopathological changes including apoptosis and oxidative stress in brain and eye in diabetic rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Gürpınar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, 45030 Manisa, Turkey.
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