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Aslan S, Ozkara A, Kasım I, Aksoy H. Why Turkish Parents Refuse Childhood Vaccination? A Qualitative Study. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2023; 26:267-274. [PMID: 38301090 PMCID: PMC10685866 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-vaccination is spreading among parents. In 2017, 23000 families in Turkey refused vaccinations for their children. Meanwhile an increase in infectious diseases was observed, which might be caused by vaccination rejection. The reasons why families do not vaccinate their children may be very different, such as side effects, or advocation for "healthy life" by gurus. However, the real reasons for vaccine refusal are unknown. Our aim is to determine the reasons for anti-vaccination in Turkey. METHODS In order to reveal the real reasons for not taking the vaccine, we planned to conduct interviews with the representatives of the vaccine rejection group using qualitative research methodology with the "grounded theory" method. We searched some anti-vaccination blogs to find candidates for interviews. Within the scope of our study, parental concerns about vaccinations were classified by analyzing the data obtained from semi-structured questions and interviews recorded with voice recorders in face-to-face interviews with 21 parents in 13 cities of Turkey. RESULTS The obtained findings were classified under the headings of ''mistrust'', ''vaccine efficacy-importance'', ''decision-making processes - bases'', and ''law-ethics''. Mistrust was the main theme, almost singularly, as the most important reason for vaccine rejection. The salient reasons for mistrusts were: Companies which produce vaccines especially international companies because of conspiratory beliefs; health authorities, because of the belief about non-transparency in epidemiologic data, immunization council etc. and healthcare professionals, because of their non-communicative and non-concerned attitude. CONCLUSION Mistrust is hard to overcome. The beliefs of the patients cannot be easily changed. As a result of our study, we made some recommendations for health authorities, healthcare professionals, companies and other related stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Aslan
- Evren Integrated Health Center, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Adem Ozkara
- Department of Family Medicine University of Health Sciences,, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ismail Kasım
- Department of Family Medicine University of Health Sciences,, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Hilal Aksoy
- Department of Family Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
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Sobhani S, Tehrani AA, Sobhani G, Fatima S, Ulloa L, Motaghinejad M, Atif A. Melatonin Protects Against Titanium Oxide-Induced Neurotoxicity: Neurochemical, Neurobehavioral, and Histopathological Evidences. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03464-4. [PMID: 36378265 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
titania (titanium dioxide, TiO2) is known to induce neurotoxicity and CNS dysfunctions. Numerous studies have explored the neuroprotective effects of melatonin against neurotoxicity. This study evaluates the potential of melatonin to protect against titania-induced neurotoxicity and the role of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. One group of animals were treated with Titania (0.045 and 0.075 g/rat) alone while the other with added melatonin (1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg) and behavioral alterations were assessed using OFT (open field test). Neurochemical and histopathological changes were also studied in the hippocampus by analyzing kelch ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and antioxidant response element (ARE). It was seen that the animals with added Melatonin had improved behavioral scores in the OFT, like anxiety and motor dysfunction triggered by TiO2. Melatonin also reduced lipid peroxidation, ROS, GSSG, IL1β, TNFα, Bax, and Keap1 levels, but boosted GSH, GPx, GR, SOD,IL10,IL4, Bcl2, Nrf2, and ARE levels and improved quadruple mitochondrial enzyme complex activity in titania-treated animals. Histopathological examination showed melatonin induced cytoprotection against vacuolization and necrosis in granular cells of DG and pyramidal cells of CA1 area of the hippocampus. In our study, pretreatment with melatonin reduced titania-induced neurotoxicity in the hippocampus through a mechanism potentially mediated by the Keap-1/Nrf2/ARE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Sobhani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali-Asghar Tehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Golnar Sobhani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sulail Fatima
- Department of Physiology, Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Sohail University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Darabad Avenue, Shahid Bahonar roundabout, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alina Atif
- Department of Physiology, Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Sohail University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Essentiality of Trace Elements in Pregnancy, Fertility, and Gynecologic Cancers-A State-of-the-Art Review. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010185. [PMID: 35011060 PMCID: PMC8746721 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecological neoplasms pose a serious threat to women's health. It is estimated that in 2020, there were nearly 1.3 million new cases worldwide, from which almost 50% ended in death. The most commonly diagnosed are cervical and endometrial cancers; when it comes to infertility, it affects ~48.5 million couples worldwide and the number is continually rising. Ageing of the population, environmental factors such as dietary habits, environmental pollutants and increasing prevalence of risk factors may affect the reproductive potential in women. Therefore, in order to identify potential risk factors for these issues, attention has been drawn to trace elements. Trace mineral imbalances can be caused by a variety of causes, starting with hereditary diseases, finishing with an incorrect diet or exposure to polluted air or water. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding trace elements imbalances in the case of gynecologic cancers as well as female fertility and during pregnancy.
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Yousefi B, Semnani V, Mokhtari T, Zarbakhsh S, Amjad MHT, Barati M, Doustmohammadi H. Co-administration of Aluminum Sulfate and Propolis Regulates Matrix Metalloproteinases-2/9 Expression and Improves the Uterine Leiomyoma in Adult Rat Model. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1002-1012. [PMID: 32594359 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aluminum sulfate (alum) with propolis (PR) on uterine leiomyoma (UL) in rat model. One hundred and four female Wistar rats (180-200 g) were allocated into two main groups of control (Co, n = 8) and experiment (UL model [estradiol benzoate 200 μg/kg/IM twice/week/8 weeks] with/without treatment) defined in 13 subgroups with/without treatment with coil oil (UL + COi), PR (100 or 200 mg/kg) as UL + PR100 or 200, alum (35, 75 or 150 mg/Kg) as UL + AL 35, 75, or 150, and PR (100 mg/kg or 200) with alum (35, 75, or 150 mg/Kg) as UL + PR100 or 200 + AL35, 75, or 150. Subgroups received doses of therapeutics for 14 days (IP). In the end, rats were sacrificed, and the uteri were isolated for molecular and histopathological investigations. The myometrium thickness, collagen contents, and gene expression of MMP-2 and 9 increased significantly in experimental groups with/without treatment (P ˂ 0.05). PR administration (100 and 200 mg/kg) alone or with alum (35 and 75 mg/kg) significantly decreased myometrium collagen contents and the gene expression and protein concentration of MMP-2 and 9 compared with UL and UL + Coi subgroups (P ˂ 0.05). Alum (75 mg/kg) with PR (200 mg/kg) could improve UL features and reduce MMP-2 and 9 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behpour Yousefi
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Vahid Semnani
- Department of Pathology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Mokhtari
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sam Zarbakhsh
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Tabrizi Amjad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hoda Doustmohammadi
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Molecular mechanisms of aluminum neurotoxicity: Update on adverse effects and therapeutic strategies. ADVANCES IN NEUROTOXICOLOGY 2021; 5:1-34. [PMID: 34263089 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Rifaai RA, Mokhemer SA, Saber EA, El-Aleem SAA, El-Tahawy NFG. Neuroprotective effect of quercetin nanoparticles: A possible prophylactic and therapeutic role in alzheimer's disease. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 107:101795. [PMID: 32464160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly. Quercetin is a well-known flavonoid with low bioavailability. Recently, quercetin nanoparticles (QNPs) has been shown to have a better bioavailability. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of QNPs in Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced animal model of AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS AD was induced in rats by oral administration of AlCl3 (100 mg/kg/day) for 42 days. QNPs (30 mg/kg) was given along with AlCl3 in the prophylactic group and following AD induction in the treated group. Hippocampi were harvested for assessments of the structural and ultrastructural changes using histological and histochemical approaches. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION AD hippocampi showed a prominent structural and ultrastructural disorders both neuronal and extraneuronal. Including neuronal degeneration, formation of APs and NFTs, downregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), astrogliosis and inhibition of the proliferative activity (all P ≤ 0.05). Electron microscopy showed signs of neuronal degeneration with microglia and astrocyte activation and disruption of myelination and Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). Interestingly, QNPs administration remarkably reduced the neuronal degenerative changes, APs and NFTs formation (all P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, it showed signs of regeneration (all P ≤ 0.05) and upregulation of TH. The effect was profound in the prophylactic group. Thus, QNPs reduced the damaging effect of AlCl3 on hippocampal neurons at the molecular, cellular and subcellular levels. CONCLUSION For the best of our knowledge this is the first study to show a prophylactic and therapeutic effect for QNPs in AD model. This might open the gate for further research and provide a new line for therapeutic intervention in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Ahmed Rifaai
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Minia University- Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | - Sahar Ahmed Mokhemer
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Minia University- Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | - Entesar Ali Saber
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Minia University- Faculty of Medicine, Egypt; Delegated to Deraya University, New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Seham A Abd El-Aleem
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Minia University- Faculty of Medicine, Egypt.
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Effects of combined exposure to aluminum chloride and γ-radiation on histological and ultrastructure of intestinal Paneth cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Deniz ÖG, Altun G, Kaplan AA, Yurt KK, von Bartheld CS, Kaplan S. A concise review of optical, physical and isotropic fractionator techniques in neuroscience studies, including recent developments. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 310:45-53. [PMID: 30048673 PMCID: PMC6251756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stereology is a collection of methods which makes it possible to produce interpretations about actual three-dimensional features of objects based on data obtained from their two-dimensional sections or images. Quantitative morphological studies of the central nervous system have undergone significant development. In particular, new approaches known as design-based methods have been successfully applied to neuromorphological research. The morphology of macroscopic and microscopic structures, numbers of cells in organs and structures, and geometrical features such as length, volume, surface area and volume components of the organ concerned can be estimated in an unbiased manner using stereological techniques. The most practical and simplest stereological method is the fractionator technique, one of the most widely used methods for total particle number estimation. This review summarizes fractionator methods in theory and in practice. The most important feature of the methods is the simplicity of its application and underlying reasoning. Although there are three different types of the fractionator method, physical, optical and isotropic (biochemical), the logic underlying its applications remains the same. The fractionator method is one of the strongest and best options among available methods for estimation of the total number of cells in a given structure or organ. The second part of this review focuses on recent developments in stereology, including how to deal with lost caps, with tissue section deformation and shrinkage, and discusses issues of calibration, particle identification, and the role of stereology in the era of a non-histological alternative to counting of cells, the isotropic fractionator (brain soup technique).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömür Gülsüm Deniz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gamze Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Arife Ahsen Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kiymet Kübra Yurt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Christopher S von Bartheld
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Suleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
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Poddighe D, Vadalà M, Laurino C, Palmieri B. Somatoform and neurocognitive syndromes after HPV immunization are not associated to cell-mediated hypersensitivity to aluminum. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 43:58-61. [PMID: 28599844 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines against human papilloma virus (HPV) have been demonstrated to be very effective to prevent infection-related neoplasms. However, several reports describing heterogeneous post-vaccination phenomena have been published in last few years. The spectrum of these disorders includes both immune-mediated neurological diseases and neuropsychiatric functional disorders. Some researchers speculated about a genetic predisposition, but others hypothesized a role of adjuvants, including some metals and, particularly, aluminum. Here, we tested sixteen young girls developing somatoform and neurocognitive syndromes after the HPV immunization, through MELISA® test, detecting cell-mediated hypersensitivity to several metals. We found no association between these neurocognitive disorders and the results provided by this test; importantly, no patients showed hypersensitivity to aluminum, which is the inorganic adjuvant included in HPV vaccines. Thus, if aluminum played a role in the pathophysiology of musculoskeletal and neurocognitive disturbances occurring in some young girls after HPV immunization, that should recognize other mechanisms than the activation of aluminum-specific lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Poddighe
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria Vadalà
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy
| | - Carmen Laurino
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy
| | - Beniaminoi Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy
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Kern JK, Geier DA, Homme KG, King PG, Bjørklund G, Chirumbolo S, Geier MR. Developmental neurotoxicants and the vulnerable male brain: a systematic review of suspected neurotoxicants that disproportionally affect males. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2017. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2017-061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zhu M, Li B, Ma X, Huang C, Wu R, Zhu W, Li X, Liang Z, Deng F, Zhu J, Xie W, Yang X, Jiang Y, Wang S, Wu J, Geng S, Xie C, Zhong C, Liu H. Folic Acid Protected Neural Cells Against Aluminum-Maltolate-Induced Apoptosis by Preventing miR-19 Downregulation. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2110-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1926-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Fulgenzi A, De Giuseppe R, Bamonti F, Vietti D, Ferrero ME. Efficacy of chelation therapy to remove aluminium intoxication. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 152:214-8. [PMID: 26404567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is a distinct correlation between aluminium (Al) intoxication and neurodegenerative diseases (ND). We demonstrated how patients affected by ND showing Al intoxication benefit from short-term treatment with calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (chelation therapy). Such therapy further improved through daily treatment with the antioxidant Cellfood. In the present study we examined the efficacy of long-term treatment, using both EDTA and Cellfood. Slow intravenous treatment with the chelating agent EDTA (2 g/10 mL diluted in 500 mL physiological saline administered in 2 h) (chelation test) removed Al, which was detected (using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) in urine samples collected from patients over 12 h. Patients that revealed Al intoxication (expressed in μg per g creatinine) underwent EDTA chelation therapy once a week for ten weeks, then once every two weeks for a further six or twelve months. At the end of treatment (a total of 22 or 34 chelation therapies, respectively), associated with daily assumption of Cellfood, Al levels in the urine samples were analysed. In addition, the following blood parameters were determined: homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate, as well as the oxidative status e.g. reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidized LDL (oxLDL), and glutathione. Our results showed that Al intoxication reduced significantly following EDTA and Cellfood treatment, and clinical symptoms improved. After treatment, ROS, oxLDL, and homocysteine decreased significantly, whereas vitamin B12, folate and TAC improved significantly. In conclusion, our data show the efficacy of chelation therapy associated with Cellfood in subjects affected by Al intoxication who have developed ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Fulgenzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of the Study of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences University of the Study of Milan, Haematology-Oncology and BMT Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Bamonti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences University of the Study of Milan, Haematology-Oncology and BMT Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Vietti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of the Study of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Ferrero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of the Study of Milan, Milan, Italy
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