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Li L, Jing L, Tang Z, Du J, Zhong Y, Liu X, Yuan M. Dual-targeting liposomes modified with BTP-7 and pHA for combined delivery of TCPP and TMZ to enhance the anti-tumour effect in glioblastoma cells. J Microencapsul 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38989705 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2024.2376114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM To construct a novel nano-carrier with dual ligands to achieve superior anti-tumour efficacy and lower toxic side effects. METHODS Liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration method. Ultraviolet, high performance liquid chromatography, nano-size analyser, ultrafiltration centrifugation, dialysis, transmission electron microscope, flow cytometry, Cell Counting Kit-8, confocal laser scanning microscopy, transwell, and tumorsphere assay were used to study the characterisations, cytotoxicity, and in vitro targeting of dg-Bcan targeting peptide (BTP-7)/pHA-temozolomide (TMZ)/tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP)-Lip. RESULTS BTP-7/pHA-TMZ/TCPP-Lip was a spheroid with a mean diameters of 143 ± 3.214 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.203 ± 0.025 and a surface charge of -22.8 ± 0.425 mV. The drug loadings (TMZ and TCPP) are 7.40 ± 0.23% and 2.05 ± 0.03% (mg/mg); and the encapsulation efficiencies are 81.43 ± 0.51% and 84.28 ± 1.64% (mg/mg). The results showed that BTP-7/pHA-TMZ/TCPP-Lip presented enhanced targeting and cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION BTP-7/pHA-TMZ/TCPP-Lip can specifically target the tumour cells to achieve efficient drug delivery, and improve the anti-tumour efficacy and reduces the systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Jing
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zijun Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jingguo Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yonglong Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingqing Yuan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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2
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Brettner FEB, Schreiner J, Vogel-Kindgen S, Windbergs M. Engineered Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Cyclodextrin Conjugates for Drug Encapsulation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:115-128. [PMID: 36562386 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are a group of naturally occurring oligosaccharides that have widely been studied and applied in pharmaceutical formulations forming inclusion complexes with a broad variety of drugs exhibiting different hydrophilicity as well as molecular weights. Grafting aliphatic chains onto native cyclodextrins renders them amphiphilic and enables self-assembly into supramolecular structures that have already been explored for drug delivery. Based on the possibility of controlling the inherent physicochemical properties by modifying their chemical structure, amphiphilic cyclodextrin conjugates hold a great potential to become a drug delivery platform adaptable to the individual needs of specific active drug molecules. In this work, a library of amphiphilic cyclodextrin derivatives was synthesized by conjugating aliphatic chains of different lengths to native β-cyclodextrin via thioether or ester bonds. Upon nanoprecipitation, the synthesized amphiphilic cyclodextrin derivatives spontaneously self-assembled into nanosized supramolecular structures with a monodisperse size distribution. We systematically investigated the relationship between the molecular structure of the amphiphilic cyclodextrin derivatives and the corresponding self-assembly into nanosystems as well as the encapsulation of model drugs with different physicochemical properties. Encapsulation efficiencies up to 97% and pH-dependent release profiles were achieved. We found that both the aliphatic chain length and the linker molecule determine the respective self-assembly and drug encapsulation mechanism of the individual system. The colloidal stability and biocompatibility with human cells of all derivatives were proven. Consequently, amphiphilic cyclodextrin conjugates provide a drug delivery platform with tailor-made control over physicochemical properties and high drug encapsulation efficiency for a broad range of drug molecules, thus offering great potential for the development of future therapeutics with improved therapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix E B Brettner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonas Schreiner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sarah Vogel-Kindgen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maike Windbergs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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3
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Placci M, Giannotti MI, Muro S. Polymer-based drug delivery systems under investigation for enzyme replacement and other therapies of lysosomal storage disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114683. [PMID: 36657645 PMCID: PMC10629597 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes play a central role in cellular homeostasis and alterations in this compartment associate with many diseases. The most studied example is that of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), a group of 60 + maladies due to genetic mutations affecting lysosomal components, mostly enzymes. This leads to aberrant intracellular storage of macromolecules, altering normal cell function and causing multiorgan syndromes, often fatal within the first years of life. Several treatment modalities are available for a dozen LSDs, mostly consisting of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) strategies. Yet, poor biodistribution to main targets such as the central nervous system, musculoskeletal tissue, and others, as well as generation of blocking antibodies and adverse effects hinder effective LSD treatment. Drug delivery systems are being studied to surmount these obstacles, including polymeric constructs and nanoparticles that constitute the focus of this article. We provide an overview of the formulations being tested, the diseases they aim to treat, and the results observed from respective in vitro and in vivo studies. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies, the remaining gaps of knowledge regarding their performance, and important items to consider for their clinical translation. Overall, polymeric nanoconstructs hold considerable promise to advance treatment for LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Placci
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marina I Giannotti
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain; CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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4
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Bedard M, van der Niet S, Bernard EM, Babunovic G, Cheng TY, Aylan B, Grootemaat AE, Raman S, Botella L, Ishikawa E, O'Sullivan MP, O'Leary S, Mayfield JA, Buter J, Minnaard AJ, Fortune SM, Murphy LO, Ory DS, Keane J, Yamasaki S, Gutierrez MG, van der Wel N, Moody DB. A terpene nucleoside from M. tuberculosis induces lysosomal lipid storage in foamy macrophages. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:161944. [PMID: 36757797 PMCID: PMC10014106 DOI: 10.1172/jci161944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of lipid-laden foamy macrophages is a cellular hallmark of tuberculosis (TB) disease, which involves the transformation of infected phagolysosomes from a site of killing into a nutrient-rich replicative niche. Here, we show that a terpenyl nucleoside shed from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 1-tuberculosinyladenosine (1-TbAd), caused lysosomal maturation arrest and autophagy blockade, leading to lipid storage in M1 macrophages. Pure 1-TbAd, or infection with terpenyl nucleoside-producing M. tuberculosis, caused intralysosomal and peribacillary lipid storage patterns that matched both the molecules and subcellular locations known in foamy macrophages. Lipidomics showed that 1-TbAd induced storage of triacylglycerides and cholesterylesters and that 1-TbAd increased M. tuberculosis growth under conditions of restricted lipid access in macrophages. Furthermore, lipidomics identified 1-TbAd-induced lipid substrates that define Gaucher's disease, Wolman's disease, and other inborn lysosomal storage diseases. These data identify genetic and molecular causes of M. tuberculosis-induced lysosomal failure, leading to successful testing of an agonist of TRPML1 calcium channels that reverses lipid storage in cells. These data establish the host-directed cellular functions of an orphan effector molecule that promotes survival in macrophages, providing both an upstream cause and detailed picture of lysosome failure in foamy macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bedard
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanne van der Niet
- Electron Microscopy Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elliott M Bernard
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Babunovic
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Beren Aylan
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anita E Grootemaat
- Electron Microscopy Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sahadevan Raman
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laure Botella
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Mary P O'Sullivan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seónadh O'Leary
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacob A Mayfield
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey Buter
- Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sarah M Fortune
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Daniel S Ory
- Casma Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph Keane
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Maximiliano G Gutierrez
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole van der Wel
- Electron Microscopy Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Tomsen-Melero J, Merlo-Mas J, Carreño A, Sala S, Córdoba A, Veciana J, González-Mira E, Ventosa N. Liposomal formulations for treating lysosomal storage disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114531. [PMID: 36089182 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are a group of rare life-threatening diseases caused by a lysosomal dysfunction, usually due to the lack of a single enzyme required for the metabolism of macromolecules, which leads to a lysosomal accumulation of specific substrates, resulting in severe disease manifestations and early death. There is currently no definitive cure for LSD, and despite the approval of certain therapies, their effectiveness is limited. Therefore, an appropriate nanocarrier could help improve the efficacy of some of these therapies. Liposomes show excellent properties as drug carriers, because they can entrap active therapeutic compounds offering protection, biocompatibility, and selectivity. Here, we discuss the potential of liposomes for LSD treatment and conduct a detailed analysis of promising liposomal formulations still in the preclinical development stage from various perspectives, including treatment strategy, manufacturing, characterization, and future directions for implementing liposomal formulations for LSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Tomsen-Melero
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | | | - Aida Carreño
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Santi Sala
- Nanomol Technologies SL, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alba Córdoba
- Nanomol Technologies SL, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Elisabet González-Mira
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
| | - Nora Ventosa
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
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6
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Konyaeva O, Kulbachevskaya N, Chaley V, Ermakova N, Varaksa P, Lantsova A, Nikolaeva L, Orlova O, Rodionova Y, Bunyatyan N. Study of Reproductive Toxicity of the Liposomal Photosensitizer Lipophthalocyan. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2021; 71:504-511. [PMID: 34327700 DOI: 10.1055/a-1533-2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Study of embryotoxicity, teratogenicity and reproductive toxicity of the new drug Lipophtalocyan in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Studies were conducted on 210 non-inbred female rats and 105 non-inbred male rats. The drug was administered daily via i. v. injection for 48 days (males) and for 15 days (females) in 2 total doses corresponding to the therapeutic dose (TD) for mice when converted to rats and 10 TD. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION When mating with intact female rats, no changes in sexual behavior were observed, but the index of the ability to fertilize and conceive decreased when compared to the values of the control group by 35-40% (TD index=60%) and by 75-80% (10 TD index=20%). The index of the ability to fertilize and conceive differed from the values of the control group by 90% (TD index=5%) and by 15% (10 TD index=80%). There were no differences in the indicator of embryotoxicity and teratogenicity in intact and drug-treated female rats, compared with the control group. Lipophtalocyan has a negative effect on the male and female reproductive function in rats and has an embryotoxic effect according to the index of the ability to fertilize and conceive, as well as the indices of preimplantation and post-implantation fetal death. The drug does not have a teratogenic effect, neither it affects the physical development of offspring or the rate of maturation of sensory-motor reflexes during feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Konyaeva
- N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vera Chaley
- N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Pavel Varaksa
- N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Lantsova
- N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Nikolaeva
- N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia.,Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Orlova
- N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya Rodionova
- N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Bunyatyan
- Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Scientific Center for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Novel strategies of third level (Organelle-specific) drug targeting: An innovative approach of modern therapeutics. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Edelmann MJ, Maegawa GHB. CNS-Targeting Therapies for Lysosomal Storage Diseases: Current Advances and Challenges. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:559804. [PMID: 33304924 PMCID: PMC7693645 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.559804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, several therapeutic approaches have been developed and made rapidly available for many patients afflicted with lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), inborn organelle disorders with broad clinical manifestations secondary to the progressive accumulation of undegraded macromolecules within lysosomes. These conditions are individually rare, but, collectively, their incidence ranges from 1 in 2,315 to 7,700 live-births. Most LSDs are manifested by neurological symptoms or signs, including developmental delay, seizures, acroparesthesia, motor weakness, and extrapyramidal signs. The chronic and later-onset clinical forms are at one end of the continuum spectrum and are characterized by a subtle and slow progression of neurological symptoms. Due to its inherent physiological properties, unfortunately, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) constitutes a significant obstacle for current and upcoming therapies to achieve the central nervous system (CNS) and treat neurological problems so prevalent in these conditions. To circumvent this limitation, several strategies have been developed to make the therapeutic agent achieve the CNS. This narrative will provide an overview of current therapeutic strategies under development to permeate the BBB, and address and unmet need for treatment of the progressive neurological manifestations, which are so prevalent in these inherited lysosomal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola J Edelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, The University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Gustavo H B Maegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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9
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Skupin-Mrugalska P, Minko T. Development of Liposomal Vesicles for Osimertinib Delivery to EGFR Mutation-Positive Lung Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100939. [PMID: 33008019 PMCID: PMC7599969 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osimertinib (OSI, AZD9291), is a third-generation, irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that selectively inhibits both EGFR-TKI–sensitizing and EGFR T790M resistance mutations. OSI has been approved as a first-line treatment of EGFR-mutant lung cancer and for metastatic EGFR T790M-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Liposome-based delivery of OSI can provide a new formulation of the drug that can be administered via alternative delivery routes (intravenous, inhalation). In this manuscript, we report for the first time development and characterization of liposomal OSI formulations with diameters of ca. 115 nm. Vesicles were composed of phosphatidylcholines with various saturation and carbon chain lengths, cholesterol and pegylated phosphoethanolamine. Liposomes were loaded with OSI passively, resulting in a drug being dissolved in the phospholipid matrix or actively via remote-loading leading to the formation of OSI precipitate in the liposomal core. Remotely loaded liposomes were characterized by nearly 100% entrapment efficacy and represent a depot of OSI. Passively-loaded vesicles released OSI following the Peppas-Sahlin model, in a mechanism combining drug diffusion and liposome relaxation. OSI-loaded liposomes composed of l-α-phosphatidylcholine (egg-PC) demonstrated a higher toxicity in non-small lung cancer cells with EGFR T790M resistance mutation (H-1975) when compared with free OSI. Developed OSI formulations did not show antiproliferative activity in vitro in healthy lung epithelial cells (MRC-5) without the EGFR mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Skupin-Mrugalska
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-854-6699
| | - Tamara Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers: The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Rutgers Cancer Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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10
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Tsubone TM, Zhang Z, Goyal R, Santacruz C, Martins WK, Kohn J, Baptista MS. Porphyrin-Loaded TyroSpheres for the Intracellular Delivery of Drugs and Photoinduced Oxidant Species. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2911-2924. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tayana Mazin Tsubone
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Zheng Zhang
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8009, United States
| | - Ritu Goyal
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8009, United States
| | - Carolina Santacruz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8009, United States
| | - Mauricio S. Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
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11
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Gigliobianco MR, Di Martino P, Deng S, Casadidio C, Censi R. New Advanced Strategies for the Treatment of Lysosomal Diseases Affecting the Central Nervous System. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1933-1950. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190708213159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs), also known as lysosomal diseases (LDs) are a group of serious genetic diseases characterized by not only the accumulation of non-catabolized compounds in the lysosomes due to the deficiency of specific enzymes which usually eliminate these compounds, but also by trafficking, calcium changes and acidification. LDs mainly affect the central nervous system (CNS), which is difficult to reach for drugs and biological molecules due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). While some therapies have proven highly effective in treating peripheral disorders in LD patients, they fail to overcome the BBB. Researchers have developed many strategies to circumvent this problem, for example, by creating carriers for enzyme delivery, which improve the enzyme’s half-life and the overexpression of receptors and transporters in the luminal or abluminal membranes of the BBB. This review aims to successfully examine the strategies developed during the last decade for the treatment of LDs, which mainly affect the CNS. Among the LD treatments, enzyme-replacement therapy (ERT) and gene therapy have proven effective, while nanoparticle, fusion protein, and small molecule-based therapies seem to offer considerable promise to treat the CNS pathology. This work also analyzed the challenges of the study to design new drug delivery systems for the effective treatment of LDs. Polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes are explored from their technological point of view and for the most relevant preclinical studies showing that they are excellent choices to protect active molecules and transport them through the BBB to target specific brain substrates for the treatment of LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. Gigliobianco
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via A. D'Accoiso, 16, 62032, Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Piera Di Martino
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via A. D'Accoiso, 16, 62032, Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Siyuan Deng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via A. D'Accoiso, 16, 62032, Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Cristina Casadidio
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via A. D'Accoiso, 16, 62032, Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Roberta Censi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via A. D'Accoiso, 16, 62032, Camerino MC, Italy
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Abstract
Liposomes have the potential to be used for drug delivery. Meanwhile, liposome size may affect their accumulation in the target tissue. We investigated the myocardial accumulation of 2 populations of liposomes (∼70 and 110 nm diameter) during ischemia and their effect on ischemia/reperfusion injury. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of low-flow ischemia with the liposomes, followed by 30 minutes of liposome-free reperfusion. The liposomes were loaded with the fluorescent dye Nile Red to assess their accumulation in the myocardium. The cardiac functional recovery during reperfusion was evaluated using force–velocity characteristics and coronary flow (CF). Reperfusion injury was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase release. In addition, CF and contractility were assessed in hearts perfused normally with 70 nm liposomes. There was a 6- and 4-fold greater accumulation of the small liposomes in the myocardium and mitochondria, respectively, compared with the large liposomes. Importantly, even without any incorporated drugs, both populations of liposomes improved functional recovery and reduced lactate dehydrogenase release. However, the smaller liposomes showed significantly higher protective and vasodilatory effects during reperfusion than the larger particles. These liposomes also increased CF and contractility during normal perfusion. We suggest that the protective properties of the liposomes could be related to their membrane-stabilizing effect.
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13
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El-Sawy HS, Al-Abd AM, Ahmed TA, El-Say KM, Torchilin VP. Stimuli-Responsive Nano-Architecture Drug-Delivery Systems to Solid Tumor Micromilieu: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10636-10664. [PMID: 30335963 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The microenvironment characteristics of solid tumors, renowned as barriers that harshly impeded many drug-delivery approaches, were precisely studied, investigated, categorized, divided, and subdivided into a complex diverse of barriers. These categories were further studied with a particular perspective, which makes all barriers found in solid-tumor micromilieu turn into different types of stimuli, and were considered triggers that can increase and hasten drug-release targeting efficacy. This review gathers data concerning the nature of solid-tumor micromilieu. Past research focused on the treatment of such tumors, the recent efforts employed for engineering smart nanoarchitectures with the utilization of the specified stimuli categories, the possibility of combining more than one stimuli for much-greater targeting enhancement, examples of the approved nanoarchitectures that already translated clinically as well as the obstacles faced by the use of these nanostructures, and, finally, an overview of the possible future implementations of smart-chemical engineering for the design of more-efficient drug delivery and theranostic systems and for making nanosystems with a much-higher level of specificity and penetrability features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam S El-Sawy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Egyptian Russian University , Badr City , Cairo 63514 , Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Al-Abd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Gulf Medical University , Ajman , United Arab Emirates
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division , National Research Centre , Giza 12622 , Egypt
| | - Tarek A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo 11651 , Egypt
| | - Khalid M El-Say
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo 11651 , Egypt
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine , Northeastern University , 140 The Fenway, Room 211/214, 360 Huntington Aveue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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Burnouf PA, Leu YL, Su YC, Wu K, Lin WC, Roffler SR. Reversible glycosidic switch for secure delivery of molecular nanocargos. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1843. [PMID: 29748577 PMCID: PMC5945669 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic drugs can leak from nanocarriers before reaching their cellular targets. Here we describe the concept of a chemical switch which responds to environmental conditions to alternate between a lipid-soluble state for efficient cargo loading and a water-soluble state for stable retention of cargos inside liposomes. A cue-responsive trigger allows release of the molecular cargo at specific cellular sites. We demonstrate the utility of a specific glycosidic switch for encapsulation of potent anticancer drugs and fluorescent compounds. Stable retention of drugs in liposomes allowed generation of high tumor/blood ratios of parental drug in tumors after enzymatic hydrolysis of the glycosidic switch in the lysosomes of cancer cells. Glycosidic switch liposomes could cure mice bearing human breast cancer tumors without significant weight loss. The chemical switch represents a general method to load and retain cargos inside liposomes, thereby offering new perspectives in engineering safe and effective liposomes for therapy and imaging. Retention of drugs loaded into liposomes is a major challenge to effective targeted drug delivery. Here, the authors report on the modification of drugs with a glycosidic pH sensitive switch to improve encapsulation and retention of drugs and demonstrate application in an in vivo cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Alain Burnouf
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Leu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Su
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kenneth Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan
| | - Steve R Roffler
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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Song L, Tao X, Lin L, Chen C, Yao H, He G, Zou G, Cao Z, Yan S, Lu L, Yi H, Wu D, Tan S, Ouyang W, Dai Z, Deng X. Cerasomal Lovastatin Nanohybrids for Efficient Inhibition of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Stem Cells To Improve Therapeutic Efficacy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:7022-7030. [PMID: 29405062 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with a higher risk in younger women and a poorer prognosis and without targeted therapies available currently. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are increasingly recognized as the main cause of treatment failure and tumor recurrence. The present paper reports the encapsulation of lovastatin (LV) into cerasomes. Compared with free LV, cerasome-encapsulated LV (C-LV) nanohybrids showed cytotoxicity to MDA-MB-231 CSCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, intravenous injection of C-LV nanohybrids resulted in a significant tumor size reduction in a dose-dependent manner in xenograft tumors derived from subcutaneous inoculation of MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, histopathological and/or immunohistochemical analysis revealed that C-LV nanohybrids significantly induced mammary gland formation and apoptosis and inhibited angiogenesis, the CSC phenotype, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in xenograft tumors. Most importantly, C-LV nanohybrids were found to be more effective than free LV in inhibiting the growth of breast cancer xenografts and the stemness properties in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first demonstration of nanohybrids for efficient inhibition of CSCs derived from TNBC, offering a new option for the TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujiang Song
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiaojun Tao
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Guangchun He
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Guangyang Zou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhong Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shichao Yan
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Huimei Yi
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Siyuan Tan
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wanxin Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiyun Deng
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LS), Department of Pharmacy (XT, DW, ST, WO), Department of Pathology (CC, HY, GH, SY, LL, XD), Hunan Normal University Medical College , Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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Solomon M, Muro S. Lysosomal enzyme replacement therapies: Historical development, clinical outcomes, and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 118:109-134. [PMID: 28502768 PMCID: PMC5828774 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes and lysosomal enzymes play a central role in numerous cellular processes, including cellular nutrition, recycling, signaling, defense, and cell death. Genetic deficiencies of lysosomal components, most commonly enzymes, are known as "lysosomal storage disorders" or "lysosomal diseases" (LDs) and lead to lysosomal dysfunction. LDs broadly affect peripheral organs and the central nervous system (CNS), debilitating patients and frequently causing fatality. Among other approaches, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has advanced to the clinic and represents a beneficial strategy for 8 out of the 50-60 known LDs. However, despite its value, current ERT suffers from several shortcomings, including various side effects, development of "resistance", and suboptimal delivery throughout the body, particularly to the CNS, lowering the therapeutic outcome and precluding the use of this strategy for a majority of LDs. This review offers an overview of the biomedical causes of LDs, their socio-medical relevance, treatment modalities and caveats, experimental alternatives, and future treatment perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melani Solomon
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Jung B, Shim MK, Park MJ, Jang EH, Yoon HY, Kim K, Kim JH. Hydrophobically modified polysaccharide-based on polysialic acid nanoparticles as carriers for anticancer drugs. Int J Pharm 2017; 520:111-118. [PMID: 28179099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study presented the development of hydrophobically modified polysialic acid (HPSA) nanoparticles, a novel anticancer drug nanocarrier that increases therapeutic efficacy without causing nonspecific toxicity towards normal cells. HPSA nanoparticles were prepared by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) coupling between N-deacetylated polysialic acid (PSA) and 5β-cholanic acid. The physicochemical characteristics of HPSA nanoparticles (zeta-potential, morphology and size) were measured, and in vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of PSA and HPSA nanoparticles were tested in A549 cells. In vivo cancer targeting of HPSA nanoparticles was evaluated by labeling PSA and HPSA nanoparticles with Cy5.5, a near-infrared fluorescent dye, for imaging. HPSA nanoparticles showed improved cancer-targeting ability compared with PSA. Doxorubicin-loaded HPSA (DOX-HPSA) nanoparticles were prepared using a simple dialysis method. An analysis of the in vitro drug-release profile and drug-delivery behavior showed that DOX was effectively released from DOX-HPSA nanoparticles. In vivo cancer therapy with DOX-HPSA nanoparticles in mice showed antitumor effects that resembled those of free DOX. Moreover, DOX-HPSA nanoparticles had low toxicity toward other organs, reflecting their tumor-targeting property. Hence, HPSA nanoparticles are considered a potential nanocarrier for anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bom Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Kyu Shim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hyang Jang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Villamil Giraldo AM, Fyrner T, Wennmalm S, Parikh AN, Öllinger K, Ederth T. Spontaneous Vesiculation and pH-Induced Disassembly of a Lysosomotropic Detergent: Impacts on Lysosomotropism and Lysosomal Delivery. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:13566-13575. [PMID: 27936755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomotropic detergents (LDs) selectively rupture lysosomal membranes through mechanisms that have yet to be characterized. A consensus view, currently, holds that LDs, which are weakly basic, diffuse across cellular membranes as monomers in an uncharged state, and via protonation in the acidic lysosomal compartment, they become trapped, accumulate, and subsequently solubilize the membrane and induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Here we demonstrate that the lysosomotropic detergent O-methyl-serine dodecylamide hydrochloride (MSDH) spontaneously assembles into vesicles at, and above, cytosolic pH, and that the vesicles disassemble as the pH reaches 6.4 or lower. The aggregation commences at concentrations below the range of those used in cell studies. Assembly and disassembly of the vesicles was studied via dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurements, cryo-TEM, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and was found to be reversible via control of the pH. Aggregation of MSDH into closed vesicles under cytosolic conditions is at variance with the commonly held view of LD behavior, and we propose that endocytotic pathways should be considered as possible routes of LD entry into lysosomes. We further demonstrate that MSDH vesicles can be loaded with fluorophores via a solution transition from low to high pH, for subsequent release when the pH is lowered again. The ability to encapsulate molecular cargo into MSDH vesicles together with its ability to disaggregate at low pH and to permeabilize the lysosomal membrane presents an intriguing possibility to use MSDH as a delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Villamil Giraldo
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping, University , SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Stefan Wennmalm
- Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Scilifelab , 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Atul N Parikh
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Karin Öllinger
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping, University , SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
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Zhang L, Sun J, Wang Y, Wang J, Shi X, Hu G. Nonspecific Organelle-Targeting Strategy with Core-Shell Nanoparticles of Varied Lipid Components/Ratios. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7344-51. [PMID: 27312885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a nonspecific organelle-targeting strategy through one-step microfluidic fabrication and screening of a library of surface charge- and lipid components/ratios-varied lipid shell-polymer core nanoparticles. Different from the common strategy relying on the use of organelle-targeted moieties conjugated onto the surface of nanoparticles, here, we program the distribution of hybrid nanoparticles in lysosomes or mitochondria by tuning the lipid components/ratios in shell. Hybrid nanoparticles with 60% 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) and 20% 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) can intracellularly target mitochondria in both in vitro and in vivo models. While replacing DOPE with the same amount of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), the nanoparticles do not show mitochondrial targeting, indicating an incremental effect of cationic and fusogenic lipids on lysosomal escape which is further studied by molecular dynamics simulations. This work unveils the lipid-regulated subcellular distribution of hybrid nanoparticles in which target moieties and complex synthetic steps are avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University , Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yilian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinghua Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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Hamill KM, Wexselblatt E, Tong W, Esko JD, Tor Y. Delivery of an active lysosomal enzyme using GNeosomes. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5794-5797. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01387b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Guanidinoneomycin derivatives incorporated into liposomes were shown to improve delivery of a fluorescent dye and deliver therapeutic amounts of a lysosomal enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M. Hamill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California, San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Ezequiel Wexselblatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California, San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Wenyong Tong
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- University of California, San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Esko
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- University of California, San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California, San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
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Jhaveri A, Torchilin V. Intracellular delivery of nanocarriers and targeting to subcellular organelles. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 13:49-70. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1086745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wexselblatt E, Esko JD, Tor Y. GNeosomes: Highly Lysosomotropic Nanoassemblies for Lysosomal Delivery. ACS NANO 2015; 9:3961-3968. [PMID: 25831231 DOI: 10.1021/nn507382n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
GNeosomes, lysosomotropic lipid vesicles decorated with guanidinoneomycin, can encapsulate and facilitate the cellular internalization and lysosomal delivery of cargo ranging from small molecules to high molecular weight proteins, in a process that is exclusively dependent on cell surface glycosaminoglycans. Their cellular uptake mechanism and co-localization with lysosomes, as well as the delivery, release, and activity of internalized cargo, are quantified. GNeosomes are proposed as a universal platform for lysosomal delivery with potential as a basic research tool and a therapeutic vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Wexselblatt
- †Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- †Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- †Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Strategies and Challenges. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11355-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Multifunctional, stimuli-sensitive nanoparticulate systems for drug delivery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2014; 13:813-27. [PMID: 25287120 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 989] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticulate pharmaceutical drug delivery systems (NDDSs) to enhance the in vivo effectiveness of drugs is now well established. The development of multifunctional and stimulus-sensitive NDDSs is an active area of current research. Such NDDSs can have long circulation times, target the site of the disease and enhance the intracellular delivery of a drug. This type of NDDS can also respond to local stimuli that are characteristic of the pathological site by, for example, releasing an entrapped drug or shedding a protective coating, thus facilitating the interaction between drug-loaded nanocarriers and target cells or tissues. In addition, imaging contrast moieties can be attached to these carriers to track their real-time biodistribution and accumulation in target cells or tissues. Here, I highlight recent developments with multifunctional and stimuli-sensitive NDDSs and their therapeutic potential for diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and infectious diseases.
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Abstract
The use of nanoparticulate pharmaceutical drug delivery systems (NDDSs) to enhance the in vivo effectiveness of drugs is now well established. The development of multifunctional and stimulus-sensitive NDDSs is an active area of current research. Such NDDSs can have long circulation times, target the site of the disease and enhance the intracellular delivery of a drug. This type of NDDS can also respond to local stimuli that are characteristic of the pathological site by, for example, releasing an entrapped drug or shedding a protective coating, thus facilitating the interaction between drug-loaded nanocarriers and target cells or tissues. In addition, imaging contrast moieties can be attached to these carriers to track their real-time biodistribution and accumulation in target cells or tissues. Here, I highlight recent developments with multifunctional and stimuli-sensitive NDDSs and their therapeutic potential for diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and infectious diseases.
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Rosenkranz AA, Ulasov AV, Slastnikova TA, Khramtsov YV, Sobolev AS. Use of intracellular transport processes for targeted drug delivery into a specified cellular compartment. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 79:928-46. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914090090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Cupaioli FA, Zucca FA, Boraschi D, Zecca L. Engineered nanoparticles. How brain friendly is this new guest? Prog Neurobiol 2014; 119-120:20-38. [PMID: 24820405 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the last 30 years, the use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) has progressively increased in many industrial and medical applications. In therapy, NPs may allow more effective cellular and subcellular targeting of drugs. In diagnostic applications, quantum dots are exploited for their optical characteristics, while superparamagnetic iron oxides NPs are used in magnetic resonance imaging. NPs are used in semiconductors, packaging, textiles, solar cells, batteries and plastic materials. Despite the great progress in nanotechnologies, comparatively little is known to date on the effects that exposure to NPs may have on the human body, in general and specifically on the brain. NPs can enter the human body through skin, digestive tract, airways and blood and they may cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the central nervous system. In addition to the paucity of studies describing NP effects on brain function, some of them also suffer of insufficient NPs characterization, inadequate standardization of conditions and lack of contaminant evaluation, so that results from different studies can hardly be compared. It has been shown in vitro and in vivo in rodents that NPs can impair dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems. Changes of neuronal morphology and neuronal death were reported in mice treated with NPs. NPs can also affect the respiratory chain of mitochondria and Bax protein levels, thereby causing apoptosis. Changes in expression of genes involved in redox pathways in mouse brain regions were described. NPs can induce autophagy, and accumulate in lysosomes impairing their degradation capacity. Cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking may also be affected. NPs treated animals showed neuroinflammation with microglia activation, which could induce neurodegeneration. Considering the available data, it is important to design adequate models and experimental systems to evaluate in a reliable and controlled fashion the effects of NPs on the brain, and generate data representative of effects on the human brain, thereby useful for developing robust and valid nanosafety standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca A Cupaioli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio A Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Diana Boraschi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Unit of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
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Biswas S, Torchilin VP. Nanopreparations for organelle-specific delivery in cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 66:26-41. [PMID: 24270008 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To efficiently deliver therapeutics into cancer cells, a number of strategies have been recently investigated. The toxicity associated with the administration of chemotherapeutic drugs due to their random interactions throughout the body necessitates the development of drug-encapsulating nanopreparations that significantly mask, or reduce, the toxic side effects of the drugs. In addition to reduced side effects associated with drug encapsulation, nanocarriers preferentially accumulate in tumors as a result of its abnormally leaky vasculature via the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect. However, simple passive nanocarrier delivery to the tumor site is unlikely to be enough to elicit a maximum therapeutic response as the drug-loaded carriers must reach the intracellular target sites. Therefore, efficient translocation of the nanocarrier through the cell membrane is necessary for cytosolic delivery of the cargo. However, crossing the cell membrane barrier and reaching cytosol might still not be enough for achieving maximum therapeutic benefit, which necessitates the delivery of drugs directly to intracellular targets, such as bringing pro-apoptotic drugs to mitochondria, nucleic acid therapeutics to nuclei, and lysosomal enzymes to defective lysosomes. In this review, we discuss the strategies developed for tumor targeting, cytosolic delivery via cell membrane translocation, and finally organelle-specific targeting, which may be applied for developing highly efficacious, truly multifunctional, cancer-targeted nanopreparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Biswas
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, 360 Huntington Avenue, 140 The Fenway, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500078, India
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, 360 Huntington Avenue, 140 The Fenway, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115, USA.
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Liu Y, Gao FP, Zhang D, Fan YS, Chen XG, Wang H. Molecular structural transformation regulated dynamic disordering of supramolecular vesicles as pH-responsive drug release systems. J Control Release 2013; 173:140-7. [PMID: 24188958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous release of drug payloads in the whole body always results in the compromised drug bioavailability and ultimate therapeutic efficacy. To achieve enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects, pH-responsive targeted drug delivery systems have been studied due to their enhanced tumor accumulation and controllable maximum drug release feature. The present study described a co-assembly constructed by a pH responsive molecule (i.e., malachite green carbinol base (MG)) and liposome for highly efficient doxorubicin (DOX) release in tumor cells (MG-DOX⊂L). The structural transformation of MG effectively regulates the drug release profile in acidic environment. The pH-responsive sensitivity of co-assembly can be fine-tuned by altering the mixing ratios of building blocks with pH responders (i.e., MG molecules). MG-DOX⊂L was beneficial for the DOX release at pH5.0 and showed a higher cytotoxicity in KB cells owing to the pH-responsive drug release in acidic organelles following endocytosis pathway. In vivo tumor targetability and growth inhibition were evaluated in KB cell-xenografted nude mice. We have demonstrated that effective tumor growth inhibition in vivo is attributed to the synergistic contributions from highly efficient cellular entry and responsive intracellular release of DOX from MG-DOX⊂L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Liu
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China; College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Fu-Ping Gao
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Shan Fan
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Guang Chen
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China.
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Deshpande PP, Biswas S, Torchilin VP. Current trends in the use of liposomes for tumor targeting. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:1509-28. [PMID: 23914966 PMCID: PMC3842602 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of liposomes for drug delivery began early in the history of pharmaceutical nanocarriers. These nanosized, lipid bilayered vesicles have become popular as drug delivery systems owing to their efficiency, biocompatibility, nonimmunogenicity, enhanced solubility of chemotherapeutic agents and their ability to encapsulate a wide array of drugs. Passive and ligand-mediated active targeting promote tumor specificity with diminished adverse off-target effects. The current field of liposomes focuses on both clinical and diagnostic applications. Recent efforts have concentrated on the development of multifunctional liposomes that target cells and cellular organelles with a single delivery system. This review discusses the recent advances in liposome research in tumor targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranali P Deshpande
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Nanomedicine, 360 Huntington Avenue, 140 The Fenway, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Swati Biswas
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Nanomedicine, 360 Huntington Avenue, 140 The Fenway, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Sciences – PiIani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500078, India
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Nanomedicine, 360 Huntington Avenue, 140 The Fenway, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ajazuddin, Alexander A, Khichariya A, Gupta S, Patel RJ, Giri TK, Tripathi DK. Recent expansions in an emergent novel drug delivery technology: Emulgel. J Control Release 2013; 171:122-32. [PMID: 23831051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Emulgel is an emerging topical drug delivery system to which if more effort is paid towards its formulation & development with more number of topically effective drugs it will prove a boon for derma care & cosmetology. Emulgels are either emulsion of oil in water or water in oil type, which is gelled by mixing it with gelling agent. Incorporation of emulsion into gel increases its stability & makes it a dual control release system. Due to lack of excess oily bases & insoluble excipients, it shows better drug release as compared to other topical drug delivery system. Presence of gel phase makes it a non greasy & favors good patient compliance. These reviews give knowledge about Emulgel including its properties, advantages, formulation considerations, and its recent advances in research field. All factors such as selection of gelling agent, oil agent, emulsifiers influencing the stability and efficacy of Emulgel are discussed. All justifications are described in accordance with the research work carried out by various scientists. These brief reviews on formulation method have been included. Current research works that carried out on Emulgel are also discussed and highlighted the wide utility of Emulgel in topical drug delivery system. After the vast study, it can be concluded that the Emulgels appear better & effective drug delivery system as compared to other topical drug delivery system. The comprehensive analysis of rheological and release properties will provide an insight into the potential usage of Emulgel formulation as drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajazuddin
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India.
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Thekkedath R, Koshkaryev A, Torchilin VP. Lysosome-targeted octadecyl-rhodamine B-liposomes enhance lysosomal accumulation of glucocerebrosidase in Gaucher's cells in vitro. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012. [PMID: 23199221 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We hypothesized that liposomes modified with lysosomotropic octadecyl-rhodamine B (Rh) and loaded with therapeutic glucocerebroside velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV™) will improve lysosomal delivery of the enzyme into Gaucher's cells. MATERIALS & METHODS Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the ability of Rh-modified liposomes loaded with VPRIV to improve the lysosomal targeting in monocyte-derived macrophages and Gaucher's fibroblasts. RESULTS Confocal microscopy demonstrated that Rh-modified liposomes localized primarily in the lysosomes. As confirmed by flow cytometry using specific substrate 5-(pentafluorobenzoylamino)fluorescein diglucoside, intralysosomal accumulation of VPRIV in the cells treated with Rh-modified liposomes was significantly increased (up to 68%) relative to the cells treated with plain liposomes or free VPRIV. CONCLUSION Rh-modified lysosomotropic liposomes can improve lysosomal accumulation of liposomal enzymes both in nonphagocytic Gaucher's fibroblasts and phagocytic monocyte-derived macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Thekkedath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, 140 Fenway Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Meerovich I, Koshkaryev A, Thekkedath R, Torchilin VP. Screening and optimization of ligand conjugates for lysosomal targeting. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:2271-82. [PMID: 21913714 PMCID: PMC3218248 DOI: 10.1021/bc200336j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of lysosome-targeted liposomes may significantly improve the delivery of therapeutic enzymes and chaperones into lysosomes for the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders. The aim of this research was to synthesize new potentially lysosomotropic ligands on a base of Neutral Red and rhodamine B and to study their ability to enhance specific lysosomal delivery of surface-modified liposomes loaded with a model compound, fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD). The delivery of these liposomes and their content to lysosomes in HeLa cells was investigated by confocal immunofluorescent microscopy, subcellular fractionation, and flow cytometry. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that liposomes modified with derivatives of rhodamine B provide a good rate of colocalization with the specific lysosomal markers. The comparison of fluorescence of FD in lysosomes isolated by subcellular fractionation also showed that the efficiency of lysosomal delivery of the liposomal load by liposomes modified with some of synthesized ligands was significantly higher compared to that with plain liposomes. These results were additionally confirmed by flow cytometry of the intact cells treated with liposomes loaded with 5-dodecanoylaminofluorescein di-β-d-galactopyranoside, a specific substrate for the intralysosomal β-galactosidase, using a number of cell lines, including macrophages with induced phenotype of lysosomal enzyme deficiency; two of the synthesized ligands-rhodamine B DSPE-PEG(2k)-amide and 6-(3-(DSPE-PEG(2k))-thioureido) rhodamine B-demonstrated enhanced lysosomal delivery, in some cases, higher than that for commercially available rhodamine B octadecyl ester, with the best results (the enhancement of the lysosomal delivery up to 75% greater in comparison to plain liposomes) shown for the cells with induced lysosomal enzyme deficiency phenotype. Use of liposomes modified with rhodamine B derivatives may be advantageous for the development of drug delivery systems for the treatment of lysosome-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Meerovich
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, 312 Mugar Hall, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Koshkaryev
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, 312 Mugar Hall, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ritesh Thekkedath
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, 312 Mugar Hall, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vladimir P. Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, 312 Mugar Hall, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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