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Wen L, Fu H, Saffery R, Tong C, Liu Y, Kilby MD, Qi H, Baker PN. Cord blood adiponectin and leptin concentrations in monochorionic twins with selective intrauterine growth restriction and their associations with childhood growth trajectories. Pediatr Obes 2023:e13034. [PMID: 37019852 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) was associated with subsequent health issues later in life. However, the underlying role of adipokines in IUGR is unknown. OBJECTIVES To measure the adiponectin and leptin concentrations in the cord blood of monochorionic (MC) twins with selective IUGR (sIUGR) and evaluate their associations with childhood growth trajectories. METHODS Cord blood samples were collected from 22 pairs of MC twins with sIUGR and 20 pairs of normal MC twins. Adiponectin and leptin concentrations in cord blood were determined by ELISA. Data regarding perinatal outcomes and infantile growth trajectories from birth to 24 months were obtained. RESULTS Only cord blood adiponectin concentrations were associated with IUGR (β -1.51, 95% CI -2.45, -0.57, p = 0.002), and cord blood leptin concentrations were significantly lower in sIUGR twins compared to normal twins (2.8 ± 1.6 vs. 6.4 ± 3.0, p < 0.001). Adiponectin concentrations were negatively associated with height increments from birth to 6 months (β -0.28, 95% CI -0.51, -0.06, p = 0.015). Leptin concentrations were negatively associated with weight at 6 and 24 months (β -0.12 95% CI -0.22, -0.02, p = 0.002; β -0.18 95% CI -0.33, -0.03, p = 0.019) and weight and height increments from birth to 6 months (β -0.17 95% CI -0.29, -0.06, p = 0.020; β -0.40 95% CI -0.81, -0.01, p = 0.037). CONCLUSION Cord blood adiponectin concentrations were negatively associated with IUGR but did not predict childhood growth. Cord blood leptin concentrations were inversely associated with weight and height increments in the first 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 401147, Chongqing, China
| | - Huijia Fu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Richard Saffery
- Molecular Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chao Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Yamin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 401147, Chongqing, China
| | - Mark D Kilby
- Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's & Children's Foundation Trust, B15 2TG, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Metabolism & Systems Research, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hongbo Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 401147, Chongqing, China
| | - Philip N Baker
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicester, UK
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de Knegt VE, Hedley PL, Kanters JK, Thagaard IN, Krebs L, Christiansen M, Lausten-Thomsen U. The Role of Leptin in Fetal Growth during Pre-Eclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094569. [PMID: 33925454 PMCID: PMC8123779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is secreted by the placenta and has a multi-facetted role in the regulation of functions related to pregnancy. Metabolic disorders and insufficient homeostatic compensatory mechanisms involving leptin during pregnancy play a decisive role in the development of pre-eclampsia (PE) and give rise to compromised intrauterine growth conditions and aberrant birth weight of offspring. This review was compiled to elucidate the metabolic background of PE and its relationship with adverse intrauterine growth conditions through the examination of leptin as well as to describe possible mechanisms linking leptin to fetal growth restriction. This review illustrates that leptin in PE is dysregulated in maternal, fetal, and placental compartments. There is no single set of unifying mechanisms within the spectrum of PE, and regulatory mechanisms involving leptin are specific to each situation. We conclude that dysregulated leptin is involved in fetal growth at many levels through complex interactions with parallel pregnancy systems and probably throughout the entirety of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E. de Knegt
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Danish National Biobank and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.L.H.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-50469429
| | - Paula L. Hedley
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Danish National Biobank and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.L.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Jørgen K. Kanters
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Ida N. Thagaard
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Slagelse, Ingemannsvej 18, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark;
| | - Lone Krebs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegård Alle 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark;
| | - Michael Christiansen
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Danish National Biobank and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.L.H.); (M.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Lausten-Thomsen
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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Palei AC, Martin HL, Wilson BA, Anderson CD, Granger JP, Spradley FT. Impact of hyperleptinemia during placental ischemia-induced hypertension in pregnant rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1949-H1958. [PMID: 33710923 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00724.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of preeclampsia and obesity have increased. Although obesity is a major risk factor for preeclampsia, the mechanisms linking these morbidities are poorly understood. Circulating leptin levels increase in proportion to fat mass. Infusion of this adipokine elicits hypertension in nonpregnant rats, but less is known about how hyperleptinemia impacts blood pressure during placental ischemia, an initiating event in the pathophysiology of hypertension in preeclampsia. We tested the hypothesis that hyperleptinemia during reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) exaggerates placental ischemia-induced hypertension. On gestational day (GD) 14, Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with osmotic mini-pumps delivering recombinant rat leptin (1 µg/kg/min iv) or vehicle concurrently with the RUPP procedure to induce placental ischemia or Sham. On GD 19, plasma leptin was elevated in Sham + Leptin and RUPP + Leptin. Leptin infusion did not significantly impact mean arterial pressure (MAP) in Sham. MAP was increased in RUPP + Vehicle vs. Sham + Vehicle. In contrast to our hypothesis, placental ischemia-induced hypertension was attenuated by leptin infusion. To examine potential mechanisms for attenuation of RUPP-induced hypertension during hyperleptinemia, endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine was similar between Sham and RUPP; however, endothelial-independent vasorelaxation to the nitric oxide (NO)-donor, sodium nitroprusside, was increased in Sham and RUPP. These findings suggest that NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling was increased in the presence of hyperleptinemia. Plasma cGMP was elevated in Sham and RUPP hyperleptinemic groups compared with vehicle groups but plasma and vascular NO metabolites were reduced. These data suggest that hyperleptinemia during placental ischemia attenuates hypertension by compensatory increases in NO/cGMP signaling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ours is the first study to examine the impact of hyperleptinemia on the development of placental ischemia-induced hypertension using an experimental animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Palei
- Department of Surgery, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Hunter L Martin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Barbara A Wilson
- Department of Surgery, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Christopher D Anderson
- Department of Surgery, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Joey P Granger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Frank T Spradley
- Department of Surgery, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Daskalakis G, Bellos I, Nikolakea M, Pergialiotis V, Papapanagiotou A, Loutradis D. The role of serum adipokine levels in preeclampsia: A systematic review. Metabolism 2020; 106:154172. [PMID: 32027908 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia represents a major pregnancy complication, associated with high rates of perinatal morbidity. The aim of this systematic review is to accumulate current literature evidence in order to examine the pattern of serum adipokine levels among preeclamptic women and asses their potential efficacy in the prediction of the disease. METHODS Medline, Scopus, CENTRAL, Clinicaltrials.gov and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched from inception. All observational studies reporting serum adipokine values among preeclamptic and healthy pregnant women were held eligible. RESULTS A total of 163 studies were included, comprising 23,482 women. Leptin was evaluated in 91 studies and its values were found to be significantly elevated in preeclamptic women during all pregnancy trimester, independently of disease onset and severity. Preeclampsia was also associated with increased serum fatty acid binding protein-4 and chemerin levels, when measured both during the 1st and 3rd trimester. Data concerning the rest adipokines were either conflicting or limited to reach firm conclusions. Quality of evidence was evaluated to be high for leptin, moderate for serum fatty acid binding protein-4 and chemerin and low for the other adipokines. CONCLUSIONS The existing evidence suggests that preeclampsia is linked to increased levels of leptin, chemerin and fatty acid binding protein-4 in all pregnancy trimesters and forms of the disease. Inconsistent data currently exists concerning the role of the other adipokines. Large-scale prospective studies should longitudinally evaluate the serum concentration of novel adipokines and define the optimal threshold and timing of measurement to be widely applied in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Daskalakis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Bellos
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Melina Nikolakea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios Pergialiotis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Papapanagiotou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Loutradis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Adipokines and Endothelium Dysfunction Markers in Pregnant Women with Gestational Hypertension. Int J Hypertens 2019; 2019:7541846. [PMID: 31737362 PMCID: PMC6815564 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7541846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of adipokines such as adiponectin and leptin as well as soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and endogenous NOS inhibitor-asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), as the endothelium dysfunction markers in pregnant women with gestational hypertension (GH). Patients and Methods Adiponectin, leptin, sICAM-1, and ADMA concentrations were measured in a group of 34 patients with GH and in 32 healthy pregnant women between the 24th and 34th week of gestation with ELISA tests. Results The patients with GH compared with healthy ones were characterized by significantly higher BMI (28.09 ± 7.90 vs. 22.34 ± 4.21 kg/m2, p=0.016) and higher concentrations of leptin (45.89 ± 35.91 vs. 24.09 ± 24.40 ng/mL, p=0.006). sICAM-1 levels were also higher in the GH group but without the statistical significance (264.51 ± 50.99 vs. 232.56 ± 43.3 ng/ml, p=0.057). There were no significant differences between groups in adiponectin (8.79 ± 8.67 vs. 7.90 ± 3.71 μg/mL, p=0.46, NS) and ADMA (0.57 ± 0.26 vs. 0.60 ± 0.24 μmol/L, p=0.68, NS) levels. The significant correlation between leptin levels and BMI value was observed only in patients with GH (R = 0.56, p=0.02). Conclusions The higher levels of leptin in pregnant women with gestational hypertension may be suggestive of the role of leptin in GH development. As the patients in the GH group had higher BMI, hyperleptinemia may link obesity with gestational hypertension. The significance of leptin as the predictive marker of GH development could be implied. It could be postulated that the higher levels of sICAM-1 in the GH patients, although not statistically significant, could reflect some impairment of the endothelium function occurring in GH regardless of BMI. The comparable adiponectin levels in GH and healthy pregnant patients and the lack of its correlation with BMI may indicate the occurrence of a protective mechanism in pregnancy maintaining its concentration and preserving from the consequences of the decrease in its levels in overweight and obese patients. Since ADMA levels were similar in GH and healthy pregnant women, ADMA seems not to be involved in GH pathogenesis, suggesting that NO synthesis is not impaired in this pregnancy complication. As the data on the gestational hypertension pathogenesis and its correlations with adipokines and markers of the endothelium dysfunction are limited, further studies on this issue are warranted.
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Association between serum/plasma adiponectin levels and immune-mediated diseases: a meta-analysis. Arch Dermatol Res 2017; 309:625-635. [PMID: 28702765 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-017-1755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin plays an important role in the development of immune-mediated diseases. Currently published data regarding the relationship between serum/plasma levels of adiponectin and immune-mediated diseases are inconsistent. We therefore conducted this meta-analysis to explore the association of serum/plasma adiponectin levels with immune-mediated diseases in humans. Systematic literature search was conducted to identify all relevant studies. The study quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by random-effect model analysis. A total of 47 studies were included in our meta-analysis, including 27 studies of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), 9 studies of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 7 studies of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 4 studies of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The results revealed significant differences in serum/plasma levels of adiponectin between immune-mediated diseases and normal controls (SMD = 1.262, 95% CI 0.766-1.758, p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis stratified by disease type, the serum/plasma levels of adiponectin in T1DM, RA and SLE patients were higher than those in normal control, but not in AS patients. Moreover, in the subgroup analysis stratified by gender, in both men and women group, the serum/plasma levels of adiponectin in patients with immune-mediated diseases were higher than that in the control group. Furthermore, subgroup analyses also showed that immune-mediated diseases from Asian population, Caucasian population, mean age >40 years, and BMI ≥24 kg/m2 had higher serum/plasma adiponectin levels when compared with normal controls. Collectively, this meta-analysis demonstrates that serum/plasma levels of adiponectin in T1DM, RA and SLE patients were higher than those in normal controls, but not in AS patients.
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Song Y, Gao J, Qu Y, Wang S, Wang X, Liu J. Serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and resistin in relation to clinical characteristics in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 458:133-7. [PMID: 27154800 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in serum adipokines in preeclampsia remain vague. We investigated the roles of leptin, adiponectin and resistin and their relationships with clinical characteristics in normotensive and preeclamptic patients. METHODS A case-control study was carried out in a cohort of 74 preeclampsia(PE) and 79 healthy pregnant women. Serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and resistin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The mean body mass index(BMI), the serum leptin and resistin levels were significantly higher in the PE group than in the control group (p<0.001). The resistin/creatinine ratio was also higher in the PE group than in the control group (p=0.018). No significant difference was observed in the serum adiponectin level between both groups. Serum leptin levels were positively correlated with BMI (r=0.301, p<0.001) and negatively correlated with newborn birth weight (r=-0.435, p<0.001). Serum resistin levels were also negatively correlated with birth weight (r=-0.229, p=0.005) but were unrelated to BMI. Logistic regression showed that BMI≥28 and serum leptin levels were independent factors of PE. Leptin was a potential mediator between BMI and PE (p<0.001), and the mediating effect accounted for 22.54% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS Leptin, resistin, and obesity play important roles in the onset of PE. Leptin and resistin may have some impacts on the fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingna Song
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinsong Gao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yimin Qu
- School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, PR China
| | - Juntao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, PR China.
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Eleuterio NM, Palei ACT, Machado JSR, Tanus-Santos JE, Cavalli RC, Sandrim VC. Role of adiponectin on antioxidant profile: evaluation during healthy and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Blood Press 2016; 25:241-3. [PMID: 26935256 DOI: 10.3109/08037051.2015.1134550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The study of adipokines and oxidative stress has aided in understanding pre-eclampsia physiopathology. Therefore, our group aimed to evaluate the correlation between the adipokines (adiponectin and leptin) and the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (MDA-TBARS) and antioxidant activity of plasma [ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)] in healthy pregnant women and patients with gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. We found a significant negative correlation between MDA-TBARS and adiponectin (r = -0.40, p = 0.0042), suggesting a relationship between antioxidant levels and this adipokine in healthy pregnancies which is altered in patients with gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Níbia Mariana Eleuterio
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biosciences, State University of Sao Paulo (UNESP) , Botucatu , SP , Brazil
| | - Ana C T Palei
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicinal Sciences , State University of Campinas , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | | | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- d Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto , University of Sao Paulo , Ribeirao Preto , SP , Brazil
| | | | - Valeria C Sandrim
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biosciences, State University of Sao Paulo (UNESP) , Botucatu , SP , Brazil
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Stojanovska V, Scherjon SA, Plösch T. Preeclampsia As Modulator of Offspring Health. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:53. [PMID: 26792940 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.135780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A balanced intrauterine homeostasis during pregnancy is crucial for optimal growth and development of the fetus. The intrauterine environment is extremely vulnerable to multisystem pregnancy disorders such as preeclampsia, which can be triggered by various pathophysiological factors, such as angiogenic imbalance, immune responses, and inflammation. The fetus adapts to these conditions by a mechanism known as developmental programming that can lead to increased risk of chronic noncommunicable diseases in later life. This is shown in a substantial number of epidemiological studies that associate preeclampsia with increased onset of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in the later life of the offspring. Furthermore, animal models based predominantly on one of the pathophysiological mechanism of preeclampsia, for example, angiogenic imbalance, immune response, or inflammation, do address the susceptibility of the preeclamptic offspring to increased maternal blood pressure and disrupted metabolic homeostasis. Accordingly, we extensively reviewed the latest research on the role of preeclampsia on the offspring's metabolism and cardiovascular phenotype. We conclude that future research on the pathophysiological changes during preeclampsia and methods to intervene in the harsh intrauterine environment will be essential for effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Stojanovska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sicco A Scherjon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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Eleuterio NM, Palei ACT, Rangel Machado JS, Tanus-Santos JE, Cavalli RC, Sandrim VC. Positive correlations between circulating adiponectin and MMP2 in preeclampsia pregnant. Pregnancy Hypertens 2015; 5:205-8. [PMID: 25943646 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of the present study were to compare plasma concentrations of the adiponectin, leptin, metalloproteinases (MMP9 and MMP2) and its tissue inhibitors (TIMP1 and TIMP2) in preeclamptic (PE) and healthy pregnant (HP) groups and correlate them. METHODS A total of 105 pregnant women with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) values ⩽ 30 kg/m(2) were enrolled for this study (59 PE and 46 HP). Biomarkers were measured using ELISAs. RESULTS Adiponectin (32%), leptin (45%), MMP2 (20%), TIMP1 (31%) and TIMP2 (23%) levels were higher in PE compared to HP (all P < 0.05). In addition there were positive correlations between adiponectin and MMP2 (r = 0.33; P = 0.03) and adiponectin and TIMP2 (r = 0.33; P = 0.03) in PE group, but not in HP. CONCLUSION Our findings show that adiponectin, leptin, MMP2, TIMP1 and TIMP2 levels are increased in PE and adiponectin may contribute to higher levels of MMP2 and TIMP2 in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibia Mariana Eleuterio
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu/SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C T Palei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicinal Sciences, University of Campinas, State University of Campinas, Campinas/SP, Brazil
| | - Jackeline S Rangel Machado
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo C Cavalli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Valeria C Sandrim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu/SP, Brazil.
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Palei AC, Spradley FT, Granger JP. Chronic hyperleptinemia results in the development of hypertension in pregnant rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R855-61. [PMID: 25761697 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00286.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that obesity is a major risk factor for preeclampsia (PE), the pathophysiological mechanisms whereby obesity and metabolic factors such as leptin increase this risk are unclear. While human data have shown that hyperleptinemia is associated with PE, the long-term effect of hyperleptinemia on blood pressure during pregnancy is unknown. Thus we tested the hypothesis whether chronic circulating leptin elevations in pregnant rats increase blood pressure and placental factors known to play a role in PE. On gestational day (GD)14, rats were assigned to the normal pregnant group with food intake ad libitum (control), leptin-treated (0.5 μg·kg(-1)·min(-1) ip) pregnant group with food intake ad libitum (pregnant+LEP), and normal pregnant group with food intake adjusted to the food intake of pregnant+LEP rats (pregnant-FR). On GD19, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was assessed and tissues were collected. Serum leptin concentration was elevated in pregnant+LEP compared with control and pregnant-FR (18.0 ± 2.8 vs. 0.8 ± 0.1 vs. 0.3 ± 0.1 ng/ml; P < 0.05), which was associated with increased MAP (121.3 ± 8.1 vs. 102.4 ± 2.4 vs. 101.3 ± 1.8 mmHg; P < 0.05). Food intake and body weight were reduced in pregnant+LEP and pregnant-FR by the end of gestation. Additionally, placentas and fetuses of these groups were lighter than those of control. However, placental expression of tumor necrosis factor-α was significantly greater in pregnant+LEP compared with controls (1.6 ± 0.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.1 pg/mg; P < 0.05). In conclusion, leptin increases blood pressure and placental tumor necrosis factor-α during pregnancy despite its effect of reducing food intake and body weight, and represents a mechanism whereby obesity can promote the development of hypertension in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Palei
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Cardiovascular Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Frank T Spradley
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Cardiovascular Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Joey P Granger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Cardiovascular Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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