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Hicks RM, Ji X, Zou Y, Sultana S, Rashid R, Sherief ST, Cassoux N, Garcia Leon JL, Diaz Coronado RY, López AMZ, Ushakova TL, Polyakov VG, Roy SR, Ahmad A, Reddy MA, Sagoo MS, Al Harby L, Berry JL, Polski A, Astbury NJ, Bascaran C, Blum S, Bowman R, Burton MJ, Gomel N, Keren-Froim N, Madgar S, Zondervan M, Kaliki S, Fabian ID, Stacey AW. Differences in Childhood Growth Parameters Between Patients With Somatic and Heritable Retinoblastoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:39. [PMID: 38662390 PMCID: PMC11055500 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.4.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Little is known regarding differences in childhood growth between somatic and heritable retinoblastoma (Rb) populations. We aimed to compare childhood growth parameters between somatic and heritable Rb cohorts at birth and at time of diagnosis with Rb. Methods A multinational, longitudinal cohort study was conducted with patients from 11 centers in 10 countries who presented with treatment naïve Rb from January to December 2019. Variables of interest included age, sex, and size characteristics at birth and at time of presentation, as well as germline mutation status. After Bonferroni correction, results were statistically significant if the P value was less than 0.005. Results We enrolled 696 patients, with 253 analyzed after exclusion criteria applied. Between somatic (n = 39) and heritable (n = 214) Rb cohorts, with males and females analyzed separately, there was no significant difference in birth weight percentile, weight percentile at time of diagnosis, length percentile at time of diagnosis, weight-for-length percentile at time of diagnosis, or change of weight percentile from birth to time of diagnosis. Patients with heritable Rb had a smaller mean weight percentile at birth and smaller mean weight and length percentiles at time of diagnosis with Rb, although this difference was not statistically significant. All cohorts experienced a slight negative change of weight percentile from birth to time of diagnosis. No cohort mean percentiles met criteria for failure to thrive, defined as less than the 5th percentile. Conclusions Children with Rb seem to have normal birth and childhood growth patterns. There is no definitive evidence that somatic or heritable Rb has a biological or environmental impact on childhood growth parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana M. Hicks
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Xunda Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihua Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sadia Sultana
- Department of Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology, Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Riffat Rashid
- Department of Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology, Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sadik T. Sherief
- Department of Ophthalmology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nathalie Cassoux
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institut Curie, Université de Paris Medicine Paris V Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Tatiana L. Ushakova
- Head and Neck Tumors Department, SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center, Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir G. Polyakov
- Head and Neck Tumors Department, SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center, Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Soma R. Roy
- Chittagong Eye Infirmary & Training Complex, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Alia Ahmad
- The Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M. Ashwin Reddy
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mandeep S. Sagoo
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lamis Al Harby
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesse L. Berry
- The Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Ashley Polski
- The Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Astbury
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Covadonga Bascaran
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Blum
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Richard Bowman
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Ophthalmology Department, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Burton
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nir Gomel
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naama Keren-Froim
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shiran Madgar
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marcia Zondervan
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ido D. Fabian
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andrew W. Stacey
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Division of Ophthalmology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States
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Laru J, Pinola P, Ojaniemi M, Korhonen E, Laikari L, Franks S, Piltonen TT, Tapanainen JS, Niinimäki M, Morin-Papunen L. Low testosterone at age 31 associates with maternal obesity and higher body mass index from childhood until age 46: A birth cohort study. Andrology 2024; 12:327-337. [PMID: 37424437 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low testosterone (T) levels in men associate with increased risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. However, most studies are cross-sectional with follow-up-time < 10 years, and data on early growth are limited. OBJECTIVE To compare prenatal factors and body mass index (BMI) development from birth to age 46 in relation to low T at age 31. MATERIALS AND METHODS Men with low T (T < 12.1 nmol/L, n = 132) and men with normal T at age 31 (n = 2561) were derived from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Prenatal factors, longitudinal weight and height data from birth to age 14, and cross-sectional weight and height data at ages 31 and 46, and waist-hip-ratio (WHR) and T levels at age 31 were analyzed. Longitudinal modeling and timing of adiposity rebound (AR, second BMI rise at age 5-7 years) were calculated from fitted BMI curves. Results were adjusted for mother's pre-pregnancy BMI and smoking status, birth weight for gestational age, alcohol consumption, education level, smoking status, and WHR at age 31. RESULTS Neither gestational age nor birth weight was associated with low T at age 31; however, maternal obesity during gestation was more prevalent among men with low T (9.8% vs. 3.5%, adjusted aOR: 2.43 [1.19-4.98]). Men with low T had earlier AR (5.28 vs. 5.82, aOR: 0.73 [0.56-0.94]) and higher BMI (p < 0.001) from AR onward until age 46. Men with both early AR and low T had the highest BMI from AR onward. CONCLUSIONS In men, maternal obesity and early weight gain associate with lower T levels at age 31, independently of adulthood abdominal obesity. Given the well-known health risks related to obesity, and the rising prevalence of maternal obesity, the results of the present study emphasize the importance of preventing obesity that may also affect the later reproductive health of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Laru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pekka Pinola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja Ojaniemi
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elisa Korhonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lotta Laikari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephen Franks
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Terhi T Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, HFR - Cantonal Hospital of Fribourg and University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Maarit Niinimäki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laure Morin-Papunen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Kim YK, Park PG. Effects of urinary tract infection during the first years of life in subsequent growth: a nationwide comparative matched cohort study. Transl Pediatr 2023; 12:2020-2029. [PMID: 38130587 PMCID: PMC10730956 DOI: 10.21037/tp-23-361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although various childhood illnesses are known to influence growth status, the impact of urinary tract infections (UTI) on subsequent childhood growth remains unclear. This study was conducted to examine the association between UTI during infancy and growth status at 30-36 months. Methods Nationwide population-based matched cohort study was done using data from the Korean National Health Insurance System (NHIS) and the Korean National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children (NHSPIC) between January 2018 and December 2020. Height and weight standard deviation scores (SDSs) at the fourth Korean NHSPIC conducted at 30-36 months were compared between children who experienced UTI during infancy and age- and sex-matched controls. We used weighted multiple linear regression analysis with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and identified differences between the two groups using β coefficient with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results We analyzed 84,519 children diagnosed with UTI during infancy and 84,519 age- and sex-matched controls. The height SDS between children who experienced UTI and the control group was not statistically different (β coefficient for height SDS, -0.0034; 95% CI: -0.0121 to 0.0054). However, the body mass index (BMI) SDS was significantly higher in children who had experienced UTI (β coefficient for BMI SDS, 00426; 95% CI: 0.0304 to 0.0547). Subgroup and sensitivity analysis showed consistent results. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a history of UTI during infancy is associated with high BMI measured at 30-36 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Peong Gang Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Asserhøj LL, Mizrak I, Heldarskard GF, Clausen TD, Hoffmann ER, Greisen G, Main KM, Madsen PL, Jensen RB, Pinborg A. Childhood BMI after ART with frozen embryo transfer. Hum Reprod 2023:dead127. [PMID: 37349895 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does BMI at 7-10 years of age differ in children conceived after frozen embryo transfer (FET) compared to children conceived after fresh embryo transfer (fresh-ET) or natural conception (NC)? SUMMARY ANSWER BMI in childhood does not differ between children conceived after FET compared to children conceived after fresh-ET or NC. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY High childhood BMI is strongly associated with obesity and cardiometabolic disease and mortality in adulthood. Children conceived after FET have a higher risk of being born large for gestational age (LGA) than children conceived after NC. It is well-documented that being born LGA is associated with an increased risk of obesity in childhood, and it has been hypothesized that ART induces epigenetic variations around fertilization, implantation, and early embryonic stages, which influence fetal size at birth as well as BMI and health later in life. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The study 'Health in Childhood following Assisted Reproductive Technology' (HiCART) is a large retrospective cohort study with 606 singletons aged 7-10 years divided into three groups according to mode of conception: FET (n = 200), fresh-ET (n = 203), and NC (n = 203). All children were born in Eastern Denmark from 2009 to 2013 and the study was conducted from January 2019 to September 2021. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We anticipated that the participation rate would differ between the three study groups owing to variation in the motivation to engage. To reach the goal of 200 children in each group, we invited 478 in the FET-group, 661 in the fresh-ET-group, and 1175 in the NC-group. The children underwent clinical examinations including anthropometric measurements, whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-scan, and pubertal staging. Standard deviation scores (SDS) were calculated for all anthropometric measurements using Danish reference values. Parents completed a questionnaire regarding the pregnancy and the current health of the child and themselves. Maternal, obstetric, and neonatal data were obtained from the Danish IVF Registry and Danish Medical Birth Registry. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE As expected, children conceived after FET had a significantly higher birthweight (SDS) compared to both children born after fresh-ET (mean difference 0.42, 95% CI (0.21; 0.62)) and NC (mean difference 0.35, 95% CI (0.14; 0.57)). At follow-up (7-10 years), no differences were found in BMI (SDS) comparing FET to fresh-ET, FET to NC, and fresh-ET to NC. Similar results were also found regarding the secondary outcomes weight (SDS), height (SDS), sitting height, waist circumference, hip circumference, fat, and fat percentage. In the multivariate linear regression analyses, the effect of mode of conception remained non-significant after adjusting for multiple confounders. When stratified on sex, weight (SDS), and height (SDS) were significantly higher for girls born after FET compared to girls born after NC. Further, FET-girls also had significantly higher waist, hip, and fat measurements compared to girls born after fresh-ET. However, for the boys the differences remained insignificant after confounder adjustment. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The sample size was decided in order to detect a difference of 0.3 SDS in childhood BMI (which corresponds to an adult cardiovascular mortality hazard ratio of 1.034). Thus, smaller differences in BMI SDS may be overlooked. As the overall participation rate was 26% (FET: 41%, fresh-ET: 31%, NC: 18%), selection bias cannot be excluded. Regarding the three study groups, many possible confounders have been included but there might be a small risk of selection bias as information regarding cause of infertility is not available in this study. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The increased birthweight in children conceived after FET did not translate into differences in BMI, however, for the girls born after FET, we observed increased height (SDS) and weight (SDS) compared to the girls born after NC, while for the boys the results remained insignificant after confounder adjustment. Since body composition in childhood is a strong biomarker of cardiometabolic disease later in life, longitudinal studies of girls and boys born after FET are needed. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant number: NNF18OC0034092, NFF19OC0054340) and Rigshospitalets Research Foundation. There were no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03719703.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Laub Asserhøj
- The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research & Training in Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ikram Mizrak
- The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Tine Dalsgaard Clausen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva R Hoffmann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) Center for Chromosome Stability, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gorm Greisen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katharina M Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research & Training in Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Lav Madsen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Beck Jensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research & Training in Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anja Pinborg
- The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wen L, Fu H, Saffery R, Tong C, Liu Y, Kilby MD, Qi H, Baker PN. Cord blood adiponectin and leptin concentrations in monochorionic twins with selective intrauterine growth restriction and their associations with childhood growth trajectories. Pediatr Obes 2023:e13034. [PMID: 37019852 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) was associated with subsequent health issues later in life. However, the underlying role of adipokines in IUGR is unknown. OBJECTIVES To measure the adiponectin and leptin concentrations in the cord blood of monochorionic (MC) twins with selective IUGR (sIUGR) and evaluate their associations with childhood growth trajectories. METHODS Cord blood samples were collected from 22 pairs of MC twins with sIUGR and 20 pairs of normal MC twins. Adiponectin and leptin concentrations in cord blood were determined by ELISA. Data regarding perinatal outcomes and infantile growth trajectories from birth to 24 months were obtained. RESULTS Only cord blood adiponectin concentrations were associated with IUGR (β -1.51, 95% CI -2.45, -0.57, p = 0.002), and cord blood leptin concentrations were significantly lower in sIUGR twins compared to normal twins (2.8 ± 1.6 vs. 6.4 ± 3.0, p < 0.001). Adiponectin concentrations were negatively associated with height increments from birth to 6 months (β -0.28, 95% CI -0.51, -0.06, p = 0.015). Leptin concentrations were negatively associated with weight at 6 and 24 months (β -0.12 95% CI -0.22, -0.02, p = 0.002; β -0.18 95% CI -0.33, -0.03, p = 0.019) and weight and height increments from birth to 6 months (β -0.17 95% CI -0.29, -0.06, p = 0.020; β -0.40 95% CI -0.81, -0.01, p = 0.037). CONCLUSION Cord blood adiponectin concentrations were negatively associated with IUGR but did not predict childhood growth. Cord blood leptin concentrations were inversely associated with weight and height increments in the first 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 401147, Chongqing, China
| | - Huijia Fu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Richard Saffery
- Molecular Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chao Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Yamin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 401147, Chongqing, China
| | - Mark D Kilby
- Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's & Children's Foundation Trust, B15 2TG, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Metabolism & Systems Research, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hongbo Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 401147, Chongqing, China
| | - Philip N Baker
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicester, UK
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Guo M, Xiao C, Yan H, Yu B, Zhai M, Wei L, Yin X, Gesang Q. Association of air pollution exposure during gestational and the first year of life with physical growth in preschoolers. Int J Environ Health Res 2023; 33:337-347. [PMID: 35098822 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2029829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the association of exposure to air pollutants during gestational and the first year of life with physical growth in preschoolers. The linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between air pollution and childhood growth. After adjusting for confounders, z-scores of body mass index (zBMI, and 95% confidence intervals, 95%CI) increased by 1.164(1.054,1.285), 1.136(1.050,1.228) and 1.165(1.041,1.303), associated with per interquartile range (IQR) increase in NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), PM2.5 and PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm and 10 μm) during gestational, respectively. The odds ratios (and 95%CI) of childhood overweight/obesity associated with per IQR increase in NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 during gestational were 1.425(1.168,1.737), 1.255(1.087,1.450) and 1.332(1.104,1.605). Positive associations were found between air pollution during the first year of life and zBMI or overweight/obesity. Our findings suggest exposure to air pollution were associated with childhood growth, and improving air quality is beneficial for childhood growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglan Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chenchang Xiao
- Department of Medicine, City College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Mengxi Zhai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Liqing Wei
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Yin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Quzhen Gesang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
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Deveci AC, Keown-Stoneman CDG, Maguire JL, O'Connor DL, Anderson LN, Dennis CL, Birken CS. Maternal BMI in the preconception period, and association with child zBMI growth rates. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e12999. [PMID: 36573480 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated body mass index (BMI) and rapid growth in early childhood are important predictors of obesity risk. The association between maternal preconception BMI and child growth rates is unclear. OBJECTIVES To assess the association between measured maternal preconception BMI and child age- and sex- standardized WHO BMI z-score (zBMI) growth rates and mean zBMI, in children aged 0-10 years old. METHODS A longitudinal cohort study was conducted with children (n = 499) enrolled in The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!) primary care practice-based research cohort. Maternal BMI was measured during the preconception period, defined as the 2 years prior to pregnancy. Repeated measures of child weight and height were obtained between 0 and 10 years of age. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the association between maternal BMI and child zBMI growth rates and mean zBMI. RESULTS Maternal preconception BMI was associated with child zBMI growth rate during some growth periods, with the strongest association from age 0 to 4 months; a 5 kg/m2 higher maternal BMI was associated with 0.031 zBMI SD unit/mo higher growth rate (p = 0.004), and 0.186 SD unit higher mean child zBMI (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS Maternal preconception BMI was associated with growth rate and mean zBMI in early childhood. The preconception period may be an important target for health interventions to promote healthy child growth rate and weight outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arin C Deveci
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Charles D G Keown-Stoneman
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Mount Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laura N Anderson
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Cindy-Lee Dennis
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Tickell KD, Denno DM, Saleem A, Ali A, Kazi Z, Singa BO, Otieno C, Mutinda C, Ochuodho V, Richardson BA, Ásbjörnsdóttir KH, Hawes SE, Berkley JA, Walson JL. Enteric Permeability, Systemic Inflammation, and Post-Discharge Growth Among a Cohort of Hospitalized Children in Kenya and Pakistan. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 75:768-74. [PMID: 36123771 DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether gut permeability is associated with post-discharge growth and systemic inflammation among hospitalized children in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS Children aged 2-23 months being discharged from Civil Hospital Karachi (Pakistan) and Migori County Referral Hospital (Kenya) underwent lactulose-rhamnose ratio (LRR) permeability testing and were compared to age-matched children from their home communities. Linear mixed effect models estimated the associations between LRR among discharged children with change in length-for-age (LAZ) and weight-for-age z score (WAZ) at 45, 90, and 180 days after discharge. Linear regression tested if relationships between LRR, systemic inflammation [C-reative protein (CRP), Cluster of Differentiation 14 (CD14), Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFα), Interleukin-6 (IL-6)], and enterocyte damage [Intestinal Fatty-Acid Binding protein (I-FABP)] differed between the hospitalized and community groups. RESULTS One hundred thirty-seven hospitalized and 84 community participants were included. The hospitalized group had higher log-LRR [0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15-0.71, P = 0.003] than the community children. Adjustment for weight-for-length z score at discharge attenuated this association (0.31, 95% CI: 0.00-0.62, P = 0.049). LRR was not associated with changes in WAZ or LAZ in the post-discharge period. Associations between LRR and CRP (interaction P = 0.036), TNFα ( P = 0.017), CD14 ( P = 0.078), and IL-6 ( P = 0.243) differed between community and hospitalized groups. LRR was associated with TNFα ( P = 0.004) and approached significance with CD14 ( P = 0.078) and IL-6 ( P = 0.062) in community children, but there was no evidence of these associations among hospitalized children. CONCLUSIONS Although increased enteric permeability is more prevalent among children being discharged from hospital compared to children in the community, it does not appear to be an important determinant of systemic inflammation or post-discharge growth among hospitalized children.
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Holmgren A. The Quadratic-Exponential-Pubertal-Stop model is valid for analysing human growth patterns and developing novel growth references. Acta Paediatr 2022; 111:225-235. [PMID: 34687241 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM Human growth patterns are important, especially in paediatrics and public health, and the aim of this review was to provide an overview of human growth, especially secular changes of growth and pubertal growth. METHODS This review of human growth was mainly based on studies published during the 20th and early 21st centuries. Special attention was paid to secular changes, pubertal growth, Nordic growth studies and the contribution of the Quadratic-Exponential-Pubertal-Stop (QEPS) growth model for analysing growth patterns. RESULTS Human growth patterns showed wide variations between different individuals, sexes and populations and over time. There were ongoing positive secular change in height in four of the Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, over four decades. Childhood weight status had linear correlations with specific pubertal growth, in both healthy children and those with severe obesity. The QEPS model provided novel estimates of pubertal growth that made it possible to conduct more detailed analyses of pubertal growth than before. Growth references, adjusted for puberty, have been developed, and future opportunities for using the QEPS model for growth studies are highlighted. CONCLUSION The QEPS was a valid growth model for analysing human growth patterns and developing novel types of growth references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Holmgren
- Göteborg Pediatric Growth Research Center GP‐GRC Department of Pediatrics Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics Halland Hospital Halmstad Sweden
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10
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Dai Y, Zhang J, Qi X, Wang Z, Zheng M, Liu P, Jiang S, Guo J, Wu C, Zhou Z. Cord Blood Manganese Concentrations in Relation to Birth Outcomes and Childhood Physical Growth: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:4304. [PMID: 34959856 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational exposure to manganese (Mn), an essential trace element, is associated with fetal and childhood physical growth. However, it is unclear which period of growth is more significantly affected by prenatal Mn exposure. The current study was conducted to assess the associations of umbilical cord-blood Mn levels with birth outcomes and childhood continuous physical development. The umbilical cord-blood Mn concentrations of 1179 mother-infant pairs in the Sheyang mini birth cohort were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The association of cord-blood Mn concentrations with birth outcomes, and the BMI z-score at 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8 years old, were estimated separately using generalized linear models. The relationship between prenatal Mn exposure and BMI z-score trajectory was assessed with generalized estimating equation models. The median of cord-blood Mn concentration was 29.25 μg/L. Significantly positive associations were observed between Mn exposure and ponderal index (β, regression coefficient = 0.065, 95% CI, confidence interval: 0.021, 0.109; p = 0.004). Mn exposure was negatively associated with the BMI z-score of children aged 1, 2, and 3 years (β = -0.383 to -0.249, p < 0.05), while no significant relationships were found between Mn exposure and the BMI z-score of children at the age of 6, 7, and 8 years. Prenatal Mn exposure was related to the childhood BMI z-score trajectory (β = -0.218, 95% CI: -0.416, -0.021; p = 0.030). These results indicated that prenatal Mn exposure was positively related to the ponderal index (PI), and negatively related to physical growth in childhood, which seemed most significant at an early stage.
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11
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Feghali M, Atlass J, Abebe KZ, Comer D, Catov J, Caritis S, Arslanian S, Scifres C. Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Offspring Early Childhood Growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e1849-e1858. [PMID: 33057663 PMCID: PMC7993564 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with fetal overgrowth, and certain treatments are associated with an increased risk of macrosomia. However, there are limited data about the long-term effect of GDM treatment on childhood growth. METHODS Cohort study of 816 women with GDM and their offspring delivered between 2009 and 2012. Childhood height and weight through age 3 were collected from the medical record and z-scores and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. We assessed the association between GDM treatment and childhood growth using linear mixed modeling. RESULTS Treatment was divided into medical nutritional therapy (MNT) (n = 293), glyburide (n = 421), and insulin (n = 102). At delivery, birthweight, z-score, and BMI were higher in the offspring of women treated with either glyburide or insulin compared to MNT. However, weight, z-score, and BMI were similar among all offspring at 6 months and 1, 2, and 3 years of age. After controlling for covariates, there were differences in the weight z-score (P = 0.01) over the 3-year period by treatment group, but no differences in weight (P = 0.06) or change in BMI (P = 0.28). Pairwise comparisons indicated that insulin was associated with more weight gain compared with MNT (0.69 kg; 95% CI, 0.10-1.28; P = 0.02) and glyburide was associated with a trend toward lower weight z-score compared with MNT (-0.24; 95% CI, -0.47 to 0.003; P = 0.05). CONCLUSION Despite growth differences detected at birth, we observed no meaningful differences in childhood growth from 6 months to 3 years among treatment groups, including in the offspring of women with GDM treated with glyburide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa Feghali
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Correspondence: Maisa Feghali, MD, 300 Halket St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
| | - Jacqueline Atlass
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kaleab Z Abebe
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Diane Comer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Janet Catov
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steve Caritis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Silva Arslanian
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina Scifres
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Evans C, Chasekwa B, Rukobo S, Govha M, Mutasa K, Ntozini R, Humphrey JH, Prendergast AJ. Inflammation, cytomegalovirus and the growth hormone axis in HIV-exposed uninfected Zimbabwean infants. AIDS 2020; 34:2045-2050. [PMID: 32773472 PMCID: PMC7610753 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite avoiding HIV infection, HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants have poorer clinical outcomes than HIV-unexposed infants, including impaired growth. The growth hormone (GH) axis is an important regulator of infant growth through hepatic synthesis of insulin-like growth-factor-1 (IGF-1), and may be disrupted by chronic inflammation and acute infections, including cytomegalovirus (CMV). We tested the hypothesis that these factors lead to disruption of the GH axis in HEU infants, which might contribute to their impaired growth. DESIGN Substudy of 343 infants from the ZVITAMBO trial in Harare, Zimbabwe. METHODS IGF-1, growth parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP) and CMV viraemia were evaluated in 243 HEU infants and 100 HIV-unexposed infants. Univariable linear and logistic regression models were used to determine associations between IGF-1 and growth parameters, CRP and CMV. RESULTS Mean 6-week IGF-1 was significantly lower in HEU compared with HIV-unexposed infants (29.6 vs. 32.6 ng/ml; P = 0.014), and associated with subsequent linear and ponderal growth through 6 months of age. CRP was inversely correlated with IGF-1 in all infants regardless of HIV exposure status (β = -0.84; P = 0.03). CMV viral loads were inversely correlated with IGF-1 in HEU (β = -1.16; P = 0.008) but not HIV-unexposed (β = 0.21; P = 0.83) infants. CONCLUSION Overall, we found evidence for greater disruption of the GH axis in HEU compared with HIV-unexposed infants as early as 6 weeks of age, suggesting a role for reduced IGF-1 in mediating growth impairment in HEU infants. Inflammation and coinfections may be drivers of growth impairment in HEU infants by disrupting the GH axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceri Evans
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Bernard Chasekwa
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Sandra Rukobo
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Margaret Govha
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Kuda Mutasa
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Robert Ntozini
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Jean H. Humphrey
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J. Prendergast
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Korpela N, Kaikkonen K, Auvinen J, Tulppo MP, Junttila J, Perkiömäki J, Järvelin MR, Huikuri HV, Kiviniemi AM. Early Growth Patterns and Cardiac Structure and Function at Midlife: Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort Study. J Pediatr 2020; 221:151-158.e1. [PMID: 32446475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of early growth patterns that have previously been associated with later cardiometabolic risk on cardiac left ventricular (LV) structure and function in midlife. STUDY DESIGN A subpopulation of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 took part in follow-up, including echocardiography (n = 1155) at the age of 46 years. Body mass index (BMI) growth curves were modeled based on frequent anthropometric measurements in childhood. Age and BMI at adiposity peak (n = 482, mean age 9.0 months) and at adiposity rebound (n = 586, mean age 5.8 years) were determined. Results are reported as unstandardized beta (β) or OR with 95% CIs for 1 SD increase in early growth variable. RESULTS Earlier adiposity rebound was associated with increased LV mass index (β = -4.10 g/m2 (-6.9, -1.3); P = .004) and LV end-diastolic volume index (β = -2.36 mL/m2 (-3.9, -0.84); P = .002) as well as with eccentric LV hypertrophy (OR 0.54 [0.38, 0.77]; P = .001) in adulthood in males. BMI at adiposity rebound was directly associated with LV mass index (β = 2.33 g/m2 [0.80, 3.9]; P = .003). Higher BMI at both adiposity peak and at adiposity rebound were associated with greater LV end-diastolic volume index (β = 1.47 mL/m2; [0.51, 2.4], β = 1.28 mL/m2 [0.41, 2.2], respectively) and also with eccentric LV hypertrophy (OR 1.41 [1.10, 1.82], OR 1.53 [1.23, 1.91], respectively) and LV concentric remodeling (OR 1.38 [1.02, 1.87], OR 1.40 [1.06, 1.83], respectively) in adulthood (P < .05 for all). These relationships were only partly mediated by adult BMI. CONCLUSIONS Early growth patterns in infancy and childhood contribute to cardiac structure at midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Korpela
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Kaikkonen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Unit of Primary Health Care, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko P Tulppo
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juhani Junttila
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Perkiömäki
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Unit of Primary Health Care, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Heikki V Huikuri
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti M Kiviniemi
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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14
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Kamiya M, Suzuki K, Yamagata Z. Effect of maternal active smoking during pregnancy on the trajectory of childhood body mass index: A multilevel analysis using quartiles of birthweight. Tob Induc Dis 2020; 18:34. [PMID: 32382256 PMCID: PMC7199658 DOI: 10.18332/tid/119117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal active smoking during pregnancy is associated with childhood obesity; however, whether maternal active smoking affects childhood body mass index (BMI) according to birthweight has not been examined. METHODS The study participants were 1955 women and their single-born infants, born between 1 April 1991 and 31 March 2003, in Koshu City, Japan, for whom complete data for birthweight, pre-pregnancy maternal BMI and pregnancy smoking status were available. Maternal smoking status during pregnancy was recorded using a questionnaire at the time of pregnancy registration. Childhood BMI was estimated by the BMI z-score, established by the World Health Organisation. Birthweight quartiles were grouped by sex and parity (first vs second or higher). Multilevel analysis, including both the individual and time as different level variables by each birthweight quartile, was used to describe the trajectories of BMI z-scores for statistical analyses. RESULTS In every quartile group, although children born to smoking mothers were leaner at birth, their BMI z-score increased around the age of 3 years. These children were larger than children born to non-smoking mothers. Significant interactions between maternal active smoking during pregnancy and child’s age were seen in those in the first and second quartiles of birthweight. Moreover, rapid growth in infancy was observed in the second quartile of birthweight. CONCLUSIONS The effect of maternal active smoking during pregnancy on childhood growth was more apparent among children in the second quartile of birthweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Kamiya
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan.,Department of Child and Family Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing, Shibuya, Japan
| | - Kohta Suzuki
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
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15
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Lagström H, Rautava S, Ollila H, Kaljonen A, Turta O, Mäkelä J, Yonemitsu C, Gupta J, Bode L. Associations between human milk oligosaccharides and growth in infancy and early childhood. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:769-778. [PMID: 32068776 PMCID: PMC7138667 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding modulates infant growth and protects against the development of obesity. However, whether or not maternal variation in human milk components, such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), is associated with programming of child growth remains unknown. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine the association between maternal HMO composition and child growth during the first 5 y of life. In addition, the association between maternal prepregnancy BMI and HMO composition was assessed. METHODS Human milk samples from 802 mothers were obtained from a prospective population-based birth cohort study, Steps to healthy development of Children (STEPS), conducted in Turku, Finland. HMO composition in these milk samples was analyzed by HPLC. Child growth data from 3 mo to 5 y were collected from municipal well-baby clinics and linked to maternal HMO composition data to test for associations. RESULTS Maternal HMO composition 3 mo after delivery was associated with height and weight during the first 5 y of life in children of secretor mothers. Specifically, HMO diversity and the concentration of lacto-N-neo-tetraose (LNnT) were inversely associated and that of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL) was directly associated with child height and weight z scores in a model adjusted for maternal prepregnancy BMI, mode of delivery, birthweight z score, sex, and time. Maternal prepregnancy BMI was associated with HMO composition. CONCLUSIONS The association between maternal HMO composition and childhood growth may imply a causal relation, which warrants additional testing in preclinical and clinical studies, especially since 2'FL and LNnT are among the HMOs now being added to infant formula. Furthermore, altered HMO composition may mediate the impact of maternal prepregnancy BMI on childhood obesity, which warrants further investigation to establish the cause-and-effect relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lagström
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Samuli Rautava
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku & Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena Ollila
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Kaljonen
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Turta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku & Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Mäkelä
- Finnish Clinical Biobank Tampere, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Chloe Yonemitsu
- Department of Pediatrics and Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julia Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics and Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Address correspondence to LB (e-mail: )
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16
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Schei K, Simpson MR, Avershina E, Rudi K, Øien T, Júlíusson PB, Underhill D, Salamati S, Ødegård RA. Early Gut Fungal and Bacterial Microbiota and Childhood Growth. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:572538. [PMID: 33240830 PMCID: PMC7680752 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.572538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Childhood growth is a sensitive marker of health. Animal studies show increased height and weight velocity in the presence of fungal as well as antibiotic supplement in feed. Human studies on early gut microbiota and anthropometrics have mainly focused on bacteria only and overweight, with diverging results. We thus aimed to investigate the associations between childhood growth [height and body mass index (BMI)] and early fungal and bacterial gut microbiota. Methods: In a population-based cohort, a subset of 278 pregnant mothers was randomized to drink milk with or without probiotic bacteria during and after pregnancy. We obtained fecal samples in offspring at four time points between 0 and 2 years and anthropometric measurements 0 and 9 years. By quantitative PCR and 16S/ITS rRNA gene sequencing, children's gut microbiota abundance and diversity were analyzed against height standard deviation score (SDS) and BMI-SDS and presented as effect estimate (β) of linear mixed models. Results: From 278 included children (149 girls), 1,015 fecal samples were collected. Maternal probiotic administration did not affect childhood growth, and the groups were pooled. Fungal abundance at 2 years was positively associated with height-SDS at 2-9 years (β = 0.11 height-SDS; 95% CI, 0.00, 0.22) but not with BMI-SDS. Also, higher fungal abundance at 1 year was associated with a lower BMI-SDS at 0-1 year (β = -0.09 BMI-SDS; 95% CI, -0.18, -0.00), and both bacterial abundance and bacterial alpha diversity at 1 year were associated with lower BMI-SDS at 0-1 year (β = -0.13 BMI-SDS; 95% CI, -0.22, -0.04; and β = -0.19 BMI-SDS; 95% CI, -0.39, -0.00, respectively). Conclusions: In this prospective cohort following 0-9-year-old children, we observed that higher gut fungal abundances at 2 years were associated with taller children between 2 and 9 years. Also, higher gut fungal and bacterial abundances and higher gut bacterial diversity at 1 year were associated with lower BMI in the first year of life. The results may indicate interactions between early gut fungal microbiota and the human growth-regulating physiology, previously not reported. Clinical Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00159523.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Schei
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Melanie Rae Simpson
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ekaterina Avershina
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Øien
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pétur Benedikt Júlíusson
- Department of Health Registries, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - David Underhill
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Division of Immunology Research, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Saideh Salamati
- Regional Centre of Obesity Research and Innovation (ObeCe), Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rønnaug Astri Ødegård
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Regional Centre of Obesity Research and Innovation (ObeCe), Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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17
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Mendall M, Jensen CB, Ängquist LH, Baker JL, Jess T. Childhood growth and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study of 317,030 children. Scand J Gastroenterol 2019; 54:863-868. [PMID: 31294613 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2019.1635201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Growth in childhood is associated with later development of autoimmune diseases and cancer, but the impact of growth on risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unknown. We conducted a population-based cohort study to examine whether birth weight, childhood height, or changes in height associated with later risk of IBD. Methods: Our cohort consisted of 317,030 children from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register (born 1930-1989) with height repeatedly measured from age 7 to 13 and with data on birth weight on a subset. Through linkage to the Danish National Patients Register, cases of IBD were identified. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to examine associations between measures of childhood growth and risk of IBD. Results: During more than 9 million years of follow-up, 1612 individuals were diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD) and 2,640 with ulcerative colitis (UC). Birth weight and childhood heights were not associated with subsequent risk of CD or UC (HRs close to 1.00). Childhood growth from 7 to 10 years (CD: HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.85-1.18; UC: HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.81-1.05) and 10 to 13 years (CD: HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.89-1.17; UC: HR, 0.95; 0.85-1.05) did not associate with risk of IBD either. Conclusion: In this large population-based cohort study, birth weight and childhood growth did not influence risk of IBD, which contrasts with observations in other chronic diseases. Thereby, the study also suggests that pre-clinical effects of adult IBD are not measurable in childhood and that childhood risk factors for IBD do not influence growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mendall
- Department of Gastroenterology, Croydon University Hospital, Thornton Heath , Surrey , UK
| | - Camilla B Jensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Lars H Ängquist
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jennifer L Baker
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Tine Jess
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region , Copenhagen , Denmark
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18
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Wang J, Wang L, Liu H, Zhang S, Leng J, Li W, Zhang T, Li N, Li W, Baccarelli AA, Hou L, Hu G. Maternal gestational diabetes and different indicators of childhood obesity: a large study. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:1464-1471. [PMID: 30508416 PMCID: PMC6300863 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies found conflicting results about the associations between the exposure to hyperglycemia in utero and the later risks of childhood overweight and obesity. The aim of the present study is to compare the children's BMI growth between offspring exposed to maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and those not exposed and assess the associations between maternal GDM and their offspring's overweight and obesity risk. We performed a large observational study in 1156 women and their offspring (578 GDM and 578 non-GDM mother-child pairs, matched by their offspring's gender and age). Maternal GDM was diagnosed according to the World Health Organization criteria. Childhood height, weight, waist circumference, body fat and skinfold were measured using standardized methods. After adjustment for maternal and children's characteristics, children born to mothers with GDM during pregnancy had higher mean values of Z scores for BMI-for-age, Z scores for weight-for-age, waist circumferences, body fat, subscapular skinfold and suprailiac skinfold, in comparison with their counterparts born to mothers with normal glucose during pregnancy (all P values <0.05). Moreover, maternal GDM was associated with a higher risk of childhood overweight and obesity with multivariate-adjusted odds ratios of 1.42 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.97) and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.11-1.24), respectively, compared with the children of mothers without GDM during pregnancy. This study demonstrates that maternal GDM is an independent risk factor of childhood overweight and obesity and is associated with higher BMI in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health CenterTianjin, China
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology LaboratoryPennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Leishen Wang
- Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health CenterTianjin, China
| | - Huikun Liu
- Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health CenterTianjin, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health CenterTianjin, China
| | - Junhong Leng
- Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health CenterTianjin, China
| | - Weiqin Li
- Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health CenterTianjin, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health CenterTianjin, China
| | - Nan Li
- Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health CenterTianjin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health CenterTianjin, China
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesColumbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive MedicineFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gang Hu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology LaboratoryPennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to G Hu:
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19
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Block JP, Bailey LC, Gillman MW, Lunsford D, Boone-Heinonen J, Cleveland LP, Finkelstein J, Horgan CE, Jay M, Reynolds JS, Sturtevant JL, Forrest CB; PCORnet Antibiotics Childhood Growth Study Group. PCORnet Antibiotics and Childhood Growth Study: Process for Cohort Creation and Cohort Description. Acad Pediatr 2018; 18:569-76. [PMID: 29477481 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet) supports observational and clinical research using health care data. The PCORnet Antibiotics and Childhood Growth Study is one of PCORnet's inaugural observational studies. We sought to describe the processes used to integrate and analyze data from children across 35 participating institutions, the cohort characteristics, and prevalence of antibiotic use. METHODS We included children in the cohort if they had at least one same-day height and weight measured in each of 3 age periods: 1) before 12 months, 2) 12 to 30 months, and 3) after 24 months. We distributed statistical queries that each institution ran on its local version of the PCORnet Common Data Model, with aggregate data returned for analysis. We defined overweight or obesity as age- and sex-specific body mass index ≥85th percentile, obesity ≥95th percentile, and severe obesity ≥120% of the 95th percentile. RESULTS A total of 681,739 children met the cohort inclusion criteria, and participants were racially/ethnically diverse (24.9% black, 17.5% Hispanic). Before 24 months of age, 55.2% of children received at least one antibiotic prescription; 21.3% received a single antibiotic prescription; 14.3% received 4 or more; and 33.3% received a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Overweight and obesity prevalence was 27.6% at age 4 to <6 years (n = 362,044) and 36.2% at 9 to <11 years (n = 58,344). CONCLUSIONS The PCORnet Antibiotics and Childhood Growth Study is a large national longitudinal observational study in a diverse population that will examine the relationship between early antibiotic use and subsequent growth patterns in children.
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20
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Cole JB, Manyama MF, Nikitovic D, Gonzalez PN, Liberton DK, Wilson WM, Rolian C, Larson JR, Kimwaga E, Mathayo J, Roseman CC, Santorico SA, Lukowiak K, Spritz RA, Hallgrimsson B. Facial shape manifestations of growth faltering in Tanzanian children. J Anat 2017; 232:250-262. [PMID: 29193055 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in the shape of the human face and in stature is determined by complex interactions between genetic and environmental influences. One such environmental influence is malnourishment, which can result in growth faltering, usually diagnosed by means of comparing an individual's stature with a set of age-appropriate standards. These standards for stature, however, are typically ascertained in groups where people are at low risk for growth faltering. Moreover, genetic differences among populations with respect to stature are well established, further complicating the generalizability of stature-based diagnostic tools. In a large sample of children aged 5-19 years, we obtained high-resolution genomic data, anthropometric measures and 3D facial images from individuals within and around the city of Mwanza, Tanzania. With genome-wide complex trait analysis, we partitioned genetic and environmental variance for growth outcomes and facial shape. We found that children with growth faltering have faces that look like those of older and taller children, in a direction opposite to the expected allometric trajectory, and in ways predicted by the environmental portion of covariance at the community and individual levels. The environmental variance for facial shape varied subtly but significantly among communities, whereas genetic differences were minimal. These results reveal that facial shape preserves information about exposure to undernourishment, with important implications for refining assessments of nutritional status in children and the developmental-genetics of craniofacial variation alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne B Cole
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mange F Manyama
- Weill-Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Anatomy, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Dejana Nikitovic
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paula N Gonzalez
- ENyS. Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos, CONICET-HEC-UNAJ., Av. Calchaquí 5401. CP1882, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Denise K Liberton
- National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Warren M Wilson
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Campbell Rolian
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jacinda R Larson
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Kimwaga
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Joshua Mathayo
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Charles C Roseman
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stephanie A Santorico
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Ken Lukowiak
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Richard A Spritz
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Benedikt Hallgrimsson
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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21
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Horta BL, Victora CG, de Mola CL, Quevedo L, Pinheiro RT, Gigante DP, Motta JVDS, Barros FC. Associations of Linear Growth and Relative Weight Gain in Early Life with Human Capital at 30 Years of Age. J Pediatr 2017; 182:85-91.e3. [PMID: 28063689 PMCID: PMC5323242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the associations of birthweight, nutritional status and growth in childhood with IQ, years of schooling, and monthly income at 30 years of age. STUDY DESIGN In 1982, the 5 maternity hospitals in Pelotas, Brazil, were visited daily and 5914 live births were identified. At 30 years of age, 3701 subjects were interviewed. IQ, years of schooling, and income were measured. RESULTS On average, their IQ was 98 points, they had 11.4 years of schooling, and the mean income was 1593 reais. After controlling for several confounders, birthweight and attained weight and length/height for age at 2 and 4 years of age were associated positively with IQ, years of years of schooling, and income, except for the association between length at 2 years of age and income. Conditional growth analyses were used to disentangle linear growth from relative weight gain. Conditional length at 2 years of age ≥1 SD score above the expected value, compared with ≥1 SD below the expected, was associated with an increase in IQ (4.28 points; 95% CI, 2.66-5.90), years of schooling (1.58 years; 95% CI, 1.08-2.08), and monthly income (303 Brazilian reais; 95% CI, 44-563). Relative weight gain, above what would be expected from linear growth, was not associated with the outcomes. CONCLUSION In a middle-income setting, promotion of linear growth in the first 1000 days of life is likely to increase adult IQ, years of schooling, and income. Weight gain in excess of what is expected from linear growth does not seem to improve human capital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Lessa Horta
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Cesar G Victora
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Quevedo
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Denise P Gigante
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando C Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Brazil
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22
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Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis proposes that several non-communicable diseases have their origins in prenatal life and in early childhood. This is believed to work through programming, an insult, taking place at a sensitive period of development, may have lifelong consequences, increasing and programming disease risk later in life. The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (HBCS) has been focusing upon the importance of factors active during periods in early life and their influence on later health in 20,431 people born 1924-44. This review will focus upon findings from the HBCS over the past 20 years. Early growth patterns associated with coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and other health outcomes are described. The long-term health impact of maternal adiposity is also discussed. Potential underlying mechanisms explaining the associations are discussed including epigenetic factors. Key messages Several non-communicable diseases - including coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes - have their origins in early life. Early life programming during sensitive periods of development may permanently program future health and disease risk. Optimizing the health and lifestyle of women of reproductive age will have positive health consequences for their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan G Eriksson
- a Department of Chronic Disease Prevention , National Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki , Finland.,b Folkhälsan Research Center , Helsinki , Finland.,c Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
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23
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Kooijman MN, Gaillard R, Reiss I, Hofman A, Steegers E, Jaddoe V. Influence of fetal blood flow redistribution on fetal and childhood growth and fat distribution: the Generation R Study. BJOG 2016; 123:2104-2112. [PMID: 26936012 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A suboptimal intrauterine environment leads to fetal blood flow redistribution and fetal growth restriction. Not much is known about childhood growth consequences. We examined the associations of fetal blood flow redistribution with birth outcomes, and repeatedly measured fetal and childhood growth and fat mass measures. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Population-based. POPULATION One thousand one hundred and ninety-five pregnant women and their children. METHODS We measured umbilical and cerebral artery blood flow at a gestational age of 30.3 weeks (95% range, 28.5-32.6 weeks). A higher umbilical/cerebral (U/C) pulsatility index ratio is an indicator of preferential blood flow to the brain cerebral circulation at the expense of the lower body parts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fetal and childhood growth were repeatedly measured from the third trimester until childhood. We measured the total body fat mass, lean fat mass and android/gynoid fat mass ratio by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and preperitoneal fat by ultrasound at 6 years. RESULTS A higher fetal U/C ratio was associated with increased risks of preterm birth and small size for gestational age at birth [odds ratios, 1.41 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.85) and 1.63 (95% confidence interval, 1.21-2.19), respectively, per SDS increase in U/C ratio]. Longitudinal growth analyses showed that a higher fetal U/C ratio was associated with persistently lower head circumference, length and weight from third trimester fetal life until childhood (all P < 0.05). The fetal U/C ratio was not associated with total body and abdominal fat measures at 6 years. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that fetal blood flow redistribution affects fetal development and has persistent consequences for childhood growth. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Fetal blood flow redistribution affects fetal development and has persistent consequences for childhood growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Kooijman
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ikm Reiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eap Steegers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vwv Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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24
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the trajectories of childhood growth associated with T2D. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS A total of 13 345 individuals born in Helsinki, Finland between 1934 and 1944 were included in the study. The participants' growth had been recorded in detail during childhood, and 11.7% (n = 1558) had been diagnosed with T2D. We divided the cohort around the median body mass index (BMI) at 11 years. Body composition and glucose tolerance were assessed in a clinical subsample (n = 2003) in adulthood. RESULTS Two pathways of growth were associated with T2D. Both began with low weight and BMI at birth. In one, persistent low BMI through infancy was followed by a rapid increase in BMI in childhood. Amongst individuals with a BMI at 11 years above the median value, the odds ratio for T2D associated with a one z-score increase in BMI between 2 and 11 years was 1.31 (95% confidence interval 1.21-1.42, P < 0.001). In the other pathway, low BMI at birth, accompanied by short length at birth, was followed by low BMI in childhood. Most women who developed diabetes followed this trajectory; they developed T2D at a lower BMI and lower fat percentage than women with a BMI above the median at 11 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Two pathways of early growth trigger T2D. Low fat deposition leading to thinness at birth and during infancy results in fat acquisition during childhood. Reduced linear growth leading to short length at birth is associated with lower body fat percentage in adulthood but increased risk of developing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Eriksson
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsingfors Universitet, Helsinki, Finland.,Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Kajantie
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Lampl
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton), Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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25
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Abstract
Recently, it has been suggested that fetal and infant environments are associated with childhood and adulthood health status, specifically regarding presence of obesity and chronic diseases. This concept is known as the "Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis." Thus, it is necessary to collect information about the fetal and infancy periods in order to examine the association between fetal and infancy exposures and later growth. Based on the DOHaD hypothesis, childhood growth trajectories, which were described by multilevel analysis, might be important in examining the effects of early-life environment on later-life health. The author and colleagues examined the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and fetal/childhood growth, specifically risk of childhood obesity, by using the dataset from an ongoing prospective cohort study called "Project Koshu," which enrolled pregnant women and their children from a rural area of Japan. Children born to smoking mothers were likely to have lower birth weights and, thereafter, to show an increase in body mass index compared to children of non-smoking mothers. Differences in pubertal growth patterns by gender and childhood weight status were then examined. Growth rate and height gain trajectories were similar between genders, although pubertal growth spurts were observed earlier in girls than in boys. The overweight/obese children grew faster than did the non-overweight children in the early pubertal stages, and the non-overweight children caught up and showed greater height gains at older ages. Because Project Koshu is ongoing, further studies examining new research questions will be conducted with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohta Suzuki
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Technology, University of Yamanashi
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26
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Abstract
The "developmental origins of health and disease" (DOHaD) hypothesis proposes that environmental conditions during fetal and early post-natal development influence lifelong health and capacity through permanent effects on growth, structure and metabolism. This has been called 'programming'. The hypothesis is supported by epidemiological evidence in humans linking newborn size, and infant growth and nutrition, to adult health outcomes, and by experiments in animals showing that maternal under- and over-nutrition and other interventions (e.g., glucocorticoid exposure) during pregnancy lead to abnormal metabolism and body composition in the adult offspring. Early life programming is now thought to be important in the etiology of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, opening up the possibility that these common diseases could be prevented by achieving optimal fetal and infant development. This is likely to have additional benefits for infant survival and human capital (e.g., improved cognitive performance and physical work capacity). Fetal nutrition is influenced by the mother's diet and body size and composition, but hard evidence that the nutrition of the human mother programmes chronic disease risk in her offspring is currently limited. Recent findings from follow-up of children born after randomised nutritional interventions in pregnancy are mixed, but show some evidence of beneficial effects on vascular function, lipid concentrations, glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Work in experimental animals suggests that epigenetic phenomena, whereby gene expression is modified by DNA methylation, and which are sensitive to the nutritional environment in early life, may be one mechanism underlying programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H D Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK.
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27
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Tandon N, Fall CHD, Osmond C, Sachdev HPS, Prabhakaran D, Ramakrishnan L, Dey Biswas SK, Ramji S, Khalil A, Gera T, Reddy KS, Barker DJP, Cooper C, Bhargava SK. Growth from birth to adulthood and peak bone mass and density data from the New Delhi Birth Cohort. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:2447-59. [PMID: 22237812 PMCID: PMC3541501 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Growth in early life may predict adult bone health. Our data showed that greater height and body mass index (BMI) gain in utero and infancy are associated with higher peak bone mass, and greater BMI gain in childhood/adolescence with higher peak bone density. These associations are mediated by attained adult height and BMI. INTRODUCTION To study the relationship of height and BMI during childhood with adult bone mineral content (BMC), areal density (aBMD) and apparent density (BMAD, estimated volumetric density). METHODS Participants comprised 565 men and women aged 33-39 years from the New Delhi Birth Cohort, India, whose weight and height were recorded at birth and annually during infancy (0-2 years), childhood (2-11 years) and adolescence (11 years-adult). Lumbar spine, femoral neck and forearm BMC and aBMD were measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry; lumbar spine and femoral neck BMAD were calculated. RESULTS Birth length, and height and height gain during infancy, childhood and adolescence were positively correlated with adult BMC (p≤0.01 all sites except birth length with femoral neck). Correlations increased with height from birth to 6 years, then remained constant for later height measurements. There were no associations with BMAD. BMI at birth, and during childhood and adolescence was also positively correlated with BMC (p < 0.01 all sites). BMI at 11 years, and BMI gain in childhood and adolescence, were correlated with aBMD and BMAD (p < 0.001 for all); these correlations strengthened with increasing age of BMI measurement. The associations with height and BMI in early life became non-significant after adjustment for adult height and BMI. CONCLUSIONS Greater skeletal growth and BMI gain in utero and during infancy are associated with higher peak BMC, and greater BMI gain in childhood and adolescence is associated with higher peak aBMD and BMAD. These associations are mediated by the attainment of adult height and BMI, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tandon
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, ,
| | - CHD Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK, , , ,
| | - C Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK, , , ,
| | - HPS Sachdev
- Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India,
| | | | - L Ramakrishnan
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, ,
| | | | - S Ramji
- Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi,
| | | | - T Gera
- Fortis Hospital, New Delhi,
| | - KS Reddy
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi,
| | - DJP Barker
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK, , , ,
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK, , , ,
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28
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Suzuki K, Kondo N, Sato M, Tanaka T, Ando D, Yamagata Z. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood growth trajectory: a random effects regression analysis. J Epidemiol 2012; 22:175-8. [PMID: 22277789 PMCID: PMC3798597 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20110033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although maternal smoking during pregnancy has been reported to have an effect on childhood overweight/obesity, the impact of maternal smoking on the trajectory of the body mass of their offspring is not very clear. Previously, we investigated this effect by using a fixed-effect model. However, this analysis was limited because it rounded and categorized the age of the children. Therefore, we used a random-effects hierarchical linear regression model in the present study. METHODS The study population comprised children born between 1 April 1991 and 31 March 1999 in Koshu City, Japan and their mothers. Maternal smoking during early pregnancy was the exposure studied. The body mass index (BMI) z-score trajectory of children born to smoking and non-smoking mothers, by gender, was used as the outcome. We modeled BMI trajectory using a 2-level random intercept and slope regression. RESULTS The participating mothers delivered 1619 babies during the study period. For male children, there was very strong evidence that the effect of age in months on the increase in BMI z-score was enhanced by maternal smoking during pregnancy (P < 0.0001). In contrast, for female children, there was only weak evidence for an interaction between age in months and maternal smoking during pregnancy (P = 0.054), which suggests that the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the early-life BMI trajectory of offspring differed by gender. CONCLUSIONS These results may be valuable for exploring the mechanism of fetal programming and might therefore be clinically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohta Suzuki
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
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Abstract
We have examined the relationship between birthweight and risk of breast cancer, taking into account growth in childhood, using data on a total of 2221 women born in 1946 and followed up to 1997. Thirty-seven breast cancers occurred during follow-up. There was evidence of greater risk of breast cancer with greater birthweight (rate ratio = 1.76 (95% CI: 0.92, 3.35) for birthweight >/= 3.5 kg vs birthweight < 3.5 kg), which was more marked at pre-menopausal ages (RR = 2.31, 95% CI: 0.93, 5.74). The relation with birthweight was not substantially confounded by any of the measured adult risk factors. A significant interaction was observed between the effects of birthweight and height at age 7 years. Relative to those born lighter than 3.5 kg, women who were heavy at birth (>/= 3.5 kg) and short or average at 7 years (< 1.22 m) had a 21% increase in breast cancer rates (RR = 1.21; 95% CI = 0.49-2.99), while women who were heavy at birth (>/= 3.5 kg) but tall at 7 years (>/= 1.22 m) had a four-fold increase (RR = 4.01; 95% CI = 1.82-8.83). These results suggest that the effect of birthweight on breast cancer risk may be modulated by childhood growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Stavola
- Cancer and Public Health Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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30
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Abstract
Low birthweight, thinness and short body length at birth are now known to be associated with increased rates of cardiovascular disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes in adult life. The fetal origins hypothesis proposes that these diseases originate through adaptations which the fetus makes when it is undernourished. These adaptations may be cardiovascular, metabolic or endocrine. They permanently change the structure and function of the body. Prevention of the diseases may depend on prevention of imbalances in fetal growth or imbalances between prenatal and postnatal growth, or imbalances in nutrient supply to the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J P Barker
- a MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
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