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Warren HR, Evangelou E, Cabrera CP, Gao H, Ren M, Mifsud B, Ntalla I, Surendran P, Liu C, Cook JP, Kraja AT, Drenos F, Loh M, Verweij N, Marten J, Karaman I, Segura Lepe MP, O’Reilly PF, Knight J, Snieder H, Kato N, He J, Tai ES, Said MA, Porteous D, Alver M, Poulter N, Farrall M, Gansevoort RT, Padmanabhan S, Mägi R, Stanton A, Connell J, Bakker SJL, Metspalu A, Shields DC, Thom S, Brown M, Sever P, Esko T, Hayward C, van der Harst P, Saleheen D, Chowdhury R, Chambers JC, Chasman DI, Chakravarti A, Newton-Cheh C, Lindgren CM, Levy D, Kooner JS, Keavney B, Tomaszewski M, Samani NJ, Howson JMM, Tobin MD, Munroe PB, Ehret GB, Wain LV, Barnes MR, Tzoulaki I, Caulfield MJ, Elliott P. Genome-wide association analysis identifies novel blood pressure loci and offers biological insights into cardiovascular risk. Nat Genet 2017; 49:403-415. [PMID: 28135244 PMCID: PMC5972004 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Elevated blood pressure is the leading heritable risk factor for cardiovascular disease worldwide. We report genetic association of blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, pulse pressure) among UK Biobank participants of European ancestry with independent replication in other cohorts, and robust validation of 107 independent loci. We also identify new independent variants at 11 previously reported blood pressure loci. In combination with results from a range of in silico functional analyses and wet bench experiments, our findings highlight new biological pathways for blood pressure regulation enriched for genes expressed in vascular tissues and identify potential therapeutic targets for hypertension. Results from genetic risk score models raise the possibility of a precision medicine approach through early lifestyle intervention to offset the impact of blood pressure-raising genetic variants on future cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Claudia P Cabrera
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - He Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Meixia Ren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Borbala Mifsud
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Praveen Surendran
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - James P Cook
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Aldi T Kraja
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA
| | - Fotios Drenos
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Rayne Building, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Marie Loh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ibrahim Karaman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Marcelo P Segura Lepe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul F O’Reilly
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joanne Knight
- Data Science Institute, Lancester University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Abdullah Said
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - David Porteous
- Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maris Alver
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Neil Poulter
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Farrall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alice Stanton
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Connell
- Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Denis C Shields
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon Thom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Morris Brown
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, USA
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
- Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Rajiv Chowdhury
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- Ealing Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Middlesex, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, USA
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- The Big Data Institute at the Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Cardiovascular Sciences, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bernard Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Joanna M M Howson
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Georg B Ehret
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Louise V Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Michael R Barnes
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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