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Cardoso S, Carvalho C, Correia SC, Moreira PI. Protective effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol in okadaic acid-induced cellular model of Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167222. [PMID: 38729530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) research started several decades ago and despite the many efforts employed to develop new treatments or approaches to slow and/or revert disease progression, AD treatment remains an unsolved issue. Knowing that mitochondria loss of function is a central hub for many AD-associated pathophysiological processes, there has been renewed interest in exploring mitochondria as targets for intervention. In this perspective, the present study was aimed to investigate the possible beneficial effects of 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP), a mitochondrial uncoupler agent, in an in vitro model of AD. Retinoic acid-induced differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with okadaic acid (OA), a neurotoxin often used as an AD experimental model, and/or with DNP. OA caused a decrease in neuronal cells viability, induced multiple mitochondrial anomalies including increased levels of reactive oxygen species, decreased bioenergetics and mitochondria content markers, and an altered mitochondria morphology. OA-treated cells also presented increased lipid peroxidation levels, and overactivation of tau related kinases (GSK3β, ERK1/2 and AMPK) alongside with a significant augment in tau protein phosphorylation levels. Interestingly, DNP co-treatment ameliorated and rescued OA-induced detrimental effects not only on mitochondria but also but also reinstated signaling pathways homeostasis and ameliorated tau pathology. Overall, our results show for the first time that DNP has the potential to preserve mitochondria homeostasis under a toxic insult, like OA exposure, as well as to reestablish cellular signaling homeostasis. These observations foster the idea that DNP, as a mitochondrial modulator, might represent a new avenue for treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cardoso
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; IIIU - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Carvalho
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; IIIU - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia C Correia
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; IIIU - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
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Zhu J, Xu F, Lai H, Yuan H, Li XY, Hu J, Li W, Liu L, Wang C. ACO2 deficiency increases vulnerability to Parkinson's disease via dysregulating mitochondrial function and histone acetylation-mediated transcription of autophagy genes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1201. [PMID: 38007539 PMCID: PMC10676364 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by α-synuclein aggregation in dopaminergic (DA) neurons, which are sensitive to oxidative stress. Mitochondria aconitase 2 (ACO2) is an essential enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle that orchestrates mitochondrial and autophagic functions to energy metabolism. Though widely linked to diseases, its relation to PD has not been fully clarified. Here we revealed that the peripheral ACO2 activity was significantly decreased in PD patients and associated with their onset age and disease durations. The knock-in mouse and Drosophila models with the A252T variant displayed aggravated motor deficits and DA neuron degeneration after 6-OHDA and rotenone-induction, and the ACO2 knockdown or blockade cells showed features of mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction. Moreover, the transcription of autophagy-related genes LC3 and Atg5 was significantly downregulated via inhibited histone acetylation at the H3K9 and H4K5 sites. These data provided multi-dimensional evidences supporting the essential roles of ACO2, and as a potential early biomarker to be used in clinical trials for assessing the effects of antioxidants in PD. Moreover, ameliorating energy metabolism by targeting ACO2 could be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for PD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junge Zhu
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Fanxi Xu
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Hong Lai
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Huiyao Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University; School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xu-Ying Li
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Junya Hu
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
- Department of Stroke Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University; School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Chaodong Wang
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Ahmad F, Ramamorthy S, Areeshi MY, Ashraf GM, Haque S. Isolated Mitochondrial Preparations and In organello Assays: A Powerful and Relevant Ex vivo Tool for Assessment of Brain (Patho)physiology. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1433-1449. [PMID: 36872352 PMCID: PMC10324330 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230303123555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria regulate multiple aspects of neuronal development, physiology, plasticity, and pathology through their regulatory roles in bioenergetic, calcium, redox, and cell survival/death signalling. While several reviews have addressed these different aspects, a comprehensive discussion focussing on the relevance of isolated brain mitochondria and their utilities in neuroscience research has been lacking. This is relevant because the employment of isolated mitochondria rather than their in situ functional evaluation, offers definitive evidence of organelle-specificity, negating the interference from extra mitochondrial cellular factors/signals. This mini-review was designed primarily to explore the commonly employed in organello analytical assays for the assessment of mitochondrial physiology and its dysfunction, with a particular focus on neuroscience research. The authors briefly discuss the methodologies for biochemical isolation of mitochondria, their quality assessment, and cryopreservation. Further, the review attempts to accumulate the key biochemical protocols for in organello assessment of a multitude of mitochondrial functions critical for neurophysiology, including assays for bioenergetic activity, calcium and redox homeostasis, and mitochondrial protein translation. The purpose of this review is not to examine each and every method or study related to the functional assessment of isolated brain mitochondria, but rather to assemble the commonly used protocols of in organello mitochondrial research in a single publication. The hope is that this review will provide a suitable platform aiding neuroscientists to choose and apply the required protocols and tools to address their particular mechanistic, diagnostic, or therapeutic question dealing within the confines of the research area of mitochondrial patho-physiology in the neuronal perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Siva Ramamorthy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Mohammed Y. Areeshi
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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4
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Bayrak G, Turkyilmaz IB, Yanardag R. The protective effect of vitamin U on pentylenetetrazole-induced brain damage in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23169. [PMID: 35833322 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is preferred for experimental epilepsy induction. PTZ damages brain and other organs by elevating oxidative substances. Vitamin U (Vit U) is sulfur derivative substance that proved to be an excellent antioxidant. The current study was intended to determine the protective role of Vit U on PTZ-induced brain damage. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into four groups. The Control group (Group I), was given saline for 7 days intraperitoneally (i.p); Vit U (Group II) was given as 50 mg/kg/day for 7 days by gavage; PTZ was injected into animals (Group III) at a single dose of 60 mg/kg, by i.p; PTZ + Vit U group (Group IV) was administered PTZ and Vit U in same dose and time as aforementioned. After the experiment was terminated, brain tissues were taken for the preparation of homogenates. In the PTZ group, glutathione and lipid peroxidation levels, alkaline phosphatase, myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase, acetylcholine esterase, antioxidant enzyme activities, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide levels were increased. However, total antioxidant capacity was decreased in the PTZ group. Vit U ameliorated these effects in the PTZ-induced brain damage. Consequently, we can suggest that Vit U protected brain tissue via its antioxidant feature against PTZ kindling epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Bayrak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismet Burcu Turkyilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Age-Associated Glia Remodeling and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegeneration: Antioxidant Supplementation as a Possible Intervention. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122406. [PMID: 35745134 PMCID: PMC9230668 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging induces substantial remodeling of glia, including density, morphology, cytokine expression, and phagocytic capacity. Alterations of glial cells, such as hypertrophy of lysosomes, endosomes and peroxisomes, and the progressive accumulation of lipofuscin, lipid droplets, and other debris have also been reported. These abnormalities have been associated with significant declines of microglial processes and reduced ability to survey the surrounding tissue, maintain synapses, and recover from injury. Similarly, aged astrocytes show reduced capacity to support metabolite transportation to neurons. In the setting of reduced glial activity, stressors and/or injury signals can trigger a coordinated action of microglia and astrocytes that may amplify neuroinflammation and contribute to the release of neurotoxic factors. Oxidative stress and proteotoxic aggregates may burst astrocyte-mediated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus activating microglia, favoring microgliosis, and ultimately making the brain more susceptible to injury and/or neurodegeneration. Here, we discuss the contribution of microglia and astrocyte oxidative stress to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, highlight the pathways that may help gain insights into their molecular mechanisms, and describe the benefits of antioxidant supplementation-based strategies.
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Fonteh AN, Cipolla M, Chiang AJ, Edminster SP, Arakaki X, Harrington MG. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition of Cerebrospinal Fluid Fractions Shows Their Contribution to Cognitive Resilience of a Pre-symptomatic Alzheimer's Disease Cohort. Front Physiol 2020; 11:83. [PMID: 32116789 PMCID: PMC7034243 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology is characterized by an early and prolonged decrease in the amyloid peptide (Aβ) levels concomitant with a later increase in phospho-tau concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We propose that changes in lipid metabolism can contribute to the abnormal processing of Aβ42 in AD. Our aim was to determine if polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism can differentiate pre-symptomatic AD from normal aging and symptomatic AD. Using neuropsychology measures and Aβ42/T-tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we classify three groups of elderly study participants: cognitively healthy with normal Aβ42/T-tau (CH-NAT), cognitively healthy with pathological Aβ42/T-tau (CH-PAT), and AD individuals. We determined the size distribution and the concentration of CSF particles using light scattering and quantified PUFA composition in the nanoparticulate (NP) fraction, supernatant fluid (SF), and unesterified PUFA levels using gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. Four PUFAs (C20:2n-6, C20:3n-3, C22:4n-6, C22:5n-3) were enriched in NP of AD compared with CH-NAT. C20:3n-3 levels were higher in the NP fraction from AD compared with CH-PAT. When normalized to the number of NPs in CSF, PUFA levels were significantly higher in CH-NAT and CH-PAT compared with AD. In the SF fractions, only the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) differentiated all three clinical groups. Unesterified DHA was also higher in CH-NAT compared with the other clinical groups. Our studies also show that NP PUFAs in CH participants negatively correlate with CSF Aβ42 while C20:4n-6, DHA, and n-3 PUFAs in the SF fraction positively correlate with T-tau. The profile of PUFAs in different CSF fractions that correlate with Aβ42 or with T-tau are different for CH-NAT compared with CH-PAT. These studies show that PUFA metabolism is associated with amyloid and tau processing. Importantly, higher PUFA levels in the cognitively healthy study participants with abnormal Aβ42/T-tau suggest that PUFA enhances the cognitive resilience of the pre-symptomatic AD population. We propose that interventions that prevent PUFA depletion in the brain may prevent AD pathology by stabilizing Aβ42 and tau metabolism. Further studies to determine changes in PUFA composition during the progression from pre-symptomatic to AD should reveal novel biomarkers and potential preventive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred N Fonteh
- Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Matthew Cipolla
- Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Abby J Chiang
- Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Sarah P Edminster
- Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Xianghong Arakaki
- Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Michael G Harrington
- Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
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7
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Byrne FL, Olzomer EM, Marriott GR, Quek LE, Katen A, Su J, Nelson ME, Hart-Smith G, Larance M, Sebesfi VF, Cuff J, Martyn GE, Childress E, Alexopoulos SJ, Poon IK, Faux MC, Burgess AW, Reid G, McCarroll JA, Santos WL, Quinlan KG, Turner N, Fazakerley DJ, Kumar N, Hoehn KL. Phenotypic screen for oxygen consumption rate identifies an anti-cancer naphthoquinone that induces mitochondrial oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101374. [PMID: 31743887 PMCID: PMC6861633 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer cells is their ability to reprogram nutrient metabolism. Thus, disruption to this phenotype is a potential avenue for anti-cancer therapy. Herein we used a phenotypic chemical library screening approach to identify molecules that disrupted nutrient metabolism (by increasing cellular oxygen consumption rate) and were toxic to cancer cells. From this screen we discovered a 1,4-Naphthoquinone (referred to as BH10) that is toxic to a broad range of cancer cell types. BH10 has improved cancer-selective toxicity compared to doxorubicin, 17-AAG, vitamin K3, and other known anti-cancer quinones. BH10 increases glucose oxidation via both mitochondrial and pentose phosphate pathways, decreases glycolysis, lowers GSH:GSSG and NAPDH/NAPD+ ratios exclusively in cancer cells, and induces necrosis. BH10 targets mitochondrial redox defence as evidenced by increased mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 oxidation and decreased mitochondrial aconitase activity, without changes in markers of cytosolic or nuclear damage. Over-expression of mitochondria-targeted catalase protects cells from BH10-mediated toxicity, while the thioredoxin reductase inhibitor auranofin synergistically enhances BH10-induced peroxiredoxin 3 oxidation and cytotoxicity. Overall, BH10 represents a 1,4-Naphthoquinone with an improved cancer-selective cytotoxicity profile via its mitochondrial specificity. Phenotypic screen identifies a 1,4-Naphthoquinone BH10 with improved cancer-selective cytotoxicity BH10 decreases glycolysis and increases glucose oxidation BH10-mediated cytotoxicity is linked to mitochondrial oxidative stress
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances L Byrne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ellen M Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gabriella R Marriott
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alice Katen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacky Su
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marin E Nelson
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Gene Hart-Smith
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Larance
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Veronica F Sebesfi
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeff Cuff
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gabriella E Martyn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Childress
- Department of Chemistry and VT Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Stephanie J Alexopoulos
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ivan K Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maree C Faux
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Antony W Burgess
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Glen Reid
- Concord Medical School, Asbestos Disease Research Institute, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Joshua A McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and VT Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kate Gr Quinlan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Antipsychotic Treatment Reduces Indices of Oxidative Stress in First-Episode Psychosis Patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9616593. [PMID: 27528889 PMCID: PMC4978850 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9616593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
38 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and 37 control subjects were recruited for the study of indices of oxidative stress (OxS). The main purpose of the study was to compare the OxS statuses (serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total level of peroxides (TPX), oxidative stress index (OSI), and ratio oxidized methionine (Met-SO) to methionine (Met)) between antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients and individuals without a history of psychiatric disorders. Subsequently, the impact of 7-month antipsychotic treatment was evaluated on the OxS status in FEP patients. An attempt was made to assess links between OxS signature and inflammation markers. The oxidative stress indices remained generally unchanged in antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients compared to control subjects. Despite that, there was a significant correlation between the levels of TPX and EGF (endothelial growth factor) in FEP patients. This correlation disappeared after antipsychotic treatment of FEP patients. Moreover, antipsychotic treatment was associated with a significant reduction in OxS indices, including TPX, OSI, and ratio between Met-SO and Met. By contrast, in chronic SCZ patients we established a significant high-grade OxS. In conclusion, the markers of total antioxidative capacity, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation revealed no high-grade OxS in FEP patients. Nevertheless, antipsychotic treatment induced a considerable anti-inflammatory effect. OxS levels were also significantly decreased if compared in FEP patients before and after antipsychotic treatment.
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Völgyi K, Háden K, Kis V, Gulyássy P, Badics K, Györffy BA, Simor A, Szabó Z, Janáky T, Drahos L, Dobolyi Á, Penke B, Juhász G, Kékesi KA. Mitochondrial Proteome Changes Correlating with β-Amyloid Accumulation. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2060-2078. [PMID: 26910821 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease of wide clinical heterogenity. Overproduction of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau proteins are important hallmarks of AD. The identification of early pathomechanisms of AD is critically important for discovery of early diagnosis markers. Decreased brain metabolism is one of the earliest clinical symptoms of AD that indicate mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain. We performed the first comprehensive study integrating synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondrial proteome analysis (two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry) in correlation with Aβ progression in APP/PS1 mice (3, 6, and 9 months of age). We identified changes of 60 mitochondrial proteins that reflect the progressive effect of APP overproduction and Aβ accumulation on mitochondrial processes. Most of the significantly affected proteins play role in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, citric acid cycle, oxidative stress, or apoptosis. Altered expression levels of Htra2 and Ethe1, which showed parallel changes in different age groups, were confirmed also by Western blot. The common regulator bioinformatical analysis suggests the regulatory role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in Aβ-mediated mitochondrial protein changes. Our results are in accordance with the previous postmortem human brain proteomic studies in AD in the case of many proteins. Our results could open a new path of research aiming early mitochondrial molecular mechanisms of Aβ accumulation as a prodromal stage of human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Völgyi
- MTA-ELTE NAP B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina Háden
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Kis
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Gulyássy
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-TTK NAP B MS Neuroproteomics Research Group, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Badics
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs András Györffy
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE NAP B Neuroimmunology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Simor
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Medical Chemistry Department, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Janáky
- Medical Chemistry Department, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- MTA-TTK NAP B MS Neuroproteomics Research Group, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád Dobolyi
- MTA-ELTE NAP B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Botond Penke
- Medical Chemistry Department, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-TTK NAP B MS Neuroproteomics Research Group, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Adrienna Kékesi
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Oxidative stress markers induced by hyperosmolarity in primary human corneal epithelial cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126561. [PMID: 26024535 PMCID: PMC4449087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been known to be involved in pathogenesis of dry eye disease. However, few studies have comprehensively investigated the relationship between hyperosmolarity and oxidative damage in human ocular surface. This study was to explore whether and how hyperosmolarity induces oxidative stress markers in primary human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Primary HCECs were established from donor limbal explants. The hyperosmolarity model was made in HCECs cultured in isosmolar (312 mOsM) or hyperosmotic (350, 400, 450 mOsM) media. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative damage markers, oxygenases and anti-oxidative enzymes were analyzed by DCFDA kit, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. Compared to isosmolar medium, ROS production significantly increased at time- and osmolarity-dependent manner in HCECs exposed to media with increasing osmolarities (350–450 mOsM). Hyperosmolarity significantly induced oxidative damage markers in cell membrane with increased toxic products of lipid peroxidation, 4–hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and in nuclear and mitochondria DNA with increased aconitase-2 and 8-OHdG. Hyperosmotic stress also increased the mRNA expression and protein production of heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), but reduced the levels of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1). In conclusion, our comprehensive findings demonstrate that hyperosmolarity induces oxidative stress in HCECs by stimulating ROS production and disrupting the balance of oxygenases and antioxidant enzymes, which in turn cause cell damage with increased oxidative markers in membrane lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial DNA damage.
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Fernández-Moriano C, González-Burgos E, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Mitochondria-Targeted Protective Compounds in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:408927. [PMID: 26064418 PMCID: PMC4429198 DOI: 10.1155/2015/408927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles that regulate both metabolic and apoptotic signaling pathways; their most highlighted functions include cellular energy generation in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), regulation of cellular calcium homeostasis, balance between ROS production and detoxification, mediation of apoptosis cell death, and synthesis and metabolism of various key molecules. Consistent evidence suggests that mitochondrial failure is associated with early events in the pathogenesis of ageing-related neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Mitochondria-targeted protective compounds that prevent or minimize mitochondrial dysfunction constitute potential therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of these central nervous system diseases. This paper provides an overview of the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, with particular attention to in vitro and in vivo studies on promising endogenous and exogenous mitochondria-targeted protective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernández-Moriano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena González-Burgos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Li X, Zhao W, Yang H, Zhang J, Ma J. S14G-humanin restored cellular homeostasis disturbed by amyloid-beta protein. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:2573-80. [PMID: 25206568 PMCID: PMC4145930 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.27.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanin is a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease, and its derivative, S14G-humanin, is 1 000-fold stronger in its neuroprotective effect against Alzheimer's disease-relevant insults. Al-though effective, the detailed molecular mechanism through which S14G-humanin exerts its effects remains unclear. Data from this study showed that fibrillar amyloid-beta 40 disturbed cellular ho-meostasis through the cell membrane, increasing intracellular calcium, generating reactive oxygen species, and decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential. S14G-humanin restored these responses. The results suggested that S14G-humanin blocked the effects of amyloid-beta 40 on the neuronal cell membrane, and restored the disturbed cellular homeostasis, thereby exerting a neu-roprotective effect on hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China ; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Wencong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhengzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zhengzhou 450012, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongqi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China ; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China ; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianjun Ma
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China ; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
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Lushchak OV, Piroddi M, Galli F, Lushchak VI. Aconitase post-translational modification as a key in linkage between Krebs cycle, iron homeostasis, redox signaling, and metabolism of reactive oxygen species. Redox Rep 2013; 19:8-15. [PMID: 24266943 DOI: 10.1179/1351000213y.0000000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitase, an enzyme possessing an iron-sulfur cluster that is sensitive to oxidation, is involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism. There are two isoenzymes of aconitase (Aco)--mitochondrial (mAco) and cytosolic (cAco) ones. The primary role of mAdco is believed to be to control cellular ATP production via regulation of intermediate flux in the Krebs cycle. The cytosolic Aco in its reduced form operates as an enzyme, whereas in the oxidized form it is involved in the control of iron homeostasis as iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in regulation of Aco functions. Catalytic Aco activity is regulated by reversible oxidation of [4Fe-4S]²⁺ cluster and cysteine residues, so redox-dependent posttranslational modifications (PTMs) have gained increasing consideration as regards possible regulatory effects. These include modifications of cysteine residues by oxidation, nitrosylation and thiolation, as well as Tyr nitration and oxidation of Lys residues to carbonyls. Redox-independent PTMs such as phosphorylation and transamination also have been described. In the presence of a sustained ROS flux, redox-dependent PTMs may lead to enzyme damage and cell stress by impaired energy and iron metabolism. Aconitase has been identified as a protein that undergoes oxidative modification and inactivation in aging and certain oxidative stress-related disorders. Here we describe possible mechanisms of involvement of the two aconitase isoforms, cAco and mAco, in the control of cell metabolism and iron homeostasis, balancing the regulatory, and damaging effects of ROS.
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Vicente-Rodríguez M, Gramage E, Herradón G, Pérez-García C. Phosphoproteomic analysis of the striatum from pleiotrophin knockout and midkine knockout mice treated with cocaine reveals regulation of oxidative stress-related proteins potentially underlying cocaine-induced neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. Toxicology 2013; 314:166-73. [PMID: 24096156 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The neurotrophic factors pleiotrophin (PTN) and midkine (MK) are highly upregulated in different brain areas relevant to drug addiction after administrations of different drugs of abuse, including psychostimulants. We have previously demonstrated that PTN and MK modulate amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity and that PTN prevents cocaine-induced cytotoxicity in NG108-15 and PC12 cells. In an effort to dissect the different mechanisms of action triggered by PTN and MK to exert their protective roles against psychostimulant neurotoxicity, we have now used a proteomic approach to study protein phosphorylation, in which we combined phosphoprotein enrichment, by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, in order to identify the phosphoproteins regulated in the striatum of PTN knockout, MK knockout and wild type mice treated with a single dose of cocaine (15mg/kg, i.p.). We identified 7 differentially expressed phosphoproteins: 5'(3')-deoxyribonucleotidase, endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 60 (ERP60), peroxiredoxin-6 (PRDX6), glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1), aconitase and two subunits of hemoglobin. Most of these proteins are related to neurodegeneration processes and oxidative stress and their variations specially affect the PTN knockout mice, suggesting a protective role of endogenous PTN against cocaine-induced neural alterations. Further studies are needed to validate these proteins as possible targets against neural alterations induced by cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vicente-Rodríguez
- Pharmacology Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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Kaur S, Zilmer K, Leping V, Zilmer M. Serum methylglyoxal level and its association with oxidative stress and disease severity in patients with psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 305:489-94. [PMID: 23636352 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris (PV), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, is a condition of increased oxidative stress (OxS). However, interest related to oxidative and carbonyl stress damages to proteins, such as the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their precursor molecule methylglyoxal (MG) has been modest. The objective of this study was to compare the systemic levels of OxS markers in patients with PV and healthy controls (Co) and to investigate their correlation with the serum level of MG. Total peroxide concentration (TPX) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were estimated by means of spectrophotometry. The TPX and TAC ratio was regarded as OxS index (OSI). MG level was determined using ELISA. Compared to Co, patients with PV had significantly increased blood levels of TPX (P < 0.0001), OSI (P < 0.0001), and MG (P = 0.01), and lower TAC levels (P < 0.0001). Increase in body mass index (BMI) appeared to contribute to this imbalance as TAC levels decreased with increasing BMI (r = -0.252, P < 0.01). Increased TPX concentration was associated with higher serum level of MG (r = 0.610, P = 0.004), the latter being positively correlated with psoriasis area and severity index (r = 0.577, P = 0.008). In performed multivariate regression analysis, TPX, TAC, and OSI were all significant predictors of MG level. Our study gave further proof of increased systemic psoriasis-related OxS. MG serum level, reflecting simultaneously OxS as well as carbonyl stress status, could be used as a marker of disease activity in clinical trials while looking for new systemic therapies for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirje Kaur
- Clinic of Dermatology, University of Tartu, 31 Raja St, 50417, Tartu, Estonia.
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