Synthesis of nicotinamide-based molecularly imprinted microspheres and in vitro controlled release studies

Cosmeceutical Aptitudes of Niacinamide: A Review

BACKGROUND

The prevalence and scope of dermatological illness differ from region to region. Based upon type and severity, the conditions may vary from superficial to deep systemic skin infections. Niacinamide, an amide analog of vitamin B3 which was conventionally utilized as a food supplement, is now explored for the management of skin disorders. Being a powerhouse on its own, it is not stored inside the body naturally and has to be acquired from external sources. Areas Covered: This review is an attempt to disclose the physiology, pharmacology, and highlight the dermatological potentials of niacinamide, discussing its pharmacological mechanisms, varied commercially available treatments, and novel approaches, i.e., in research and patented formulations.

RESULTS

Niacinamide has been verified in treating almost every skin disorder, viz. aging, hyperpigmentation, acne, psoriasis, pruritus, dermatitis, fungal infections, epidermal melasma, non-melanoma skin cancer, etc. It has been reported to possess numerous properties, for instance, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antipruritic, and anticancer, which makes it an ideal ingredient for varied dermal therapies. Long term use of niacinamide, regardless of the skin type, paves the way for new skin cells, making skin healthier, brighter, and hydrated.

CONCLUSION

Niacinamide possesses a variety of positive characteristics in the field of dermatology. Novel approaches are warranted over current treatments which could bypass the above shortcomings and form an effective and stable system. Hence, niacinamide has the potential to become an individual and a productive component with wide future scope.

Preparation and Characterization of Herbicide Mecoprop Imprinted Polymer and Its Application as a Selective Sorbent in Water Sample

Bulk polymerization method was used to prepare a homogeneous molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the specific extraction of herbicide mecoprop (MCPP). Thereafter, the binding performance of this functional polymer was evaluated under optimal condition, compared to a non-imprinted polymer. From the Scatchard plot analysis, two types of binding sites were detected in the MIP, the high affinity binding sites with a K_D (equilibrium dissociation constant) of 6.4 µM and the low affinity ones with a K_D of 55.9 µM. In addition, the possibility of using synthesized MIP for MCPP extraction from environmental aqueous samples was explored. The adsorption capacity of MIP in spiked bottled water and groundwater samples showed that the polymer could effectively extract MCPP from bottled water and groundwater (p < 0.05) with the recovery of 70.5% and 65.1%, respectively, demonstrating the potential of imprinted polymers for cost-effective and effective water treatment.

A potential-gated molecularly imprinted smart electrode for nicotinamide analysis

Triggered surface responsiveness paves the way for smart sensor technologies that not only have tunable retention, but also provide sensing through a ‘built-in’ programming of electrode material.

Molecular imprinting science and technology: a survey of the literature for the years 2004-2011

Herein, we present a survey of the literature covering the development of molecular imprinting science and technology over the years 2004-2011. In total, 3779 references to the original papers, reviews, edited volumes and monographs from this period are included, along with recently identified uncited materials from prior to 2004, which were omitted in the first instalment of this series covering the years 1930-2003. In the presentation of the assembled references, a section presenting reviews and monographs covering the area is followed by sections describing fundamental aspects of molecular imprinting including the development of novel polymer formats. Thereafter, literature describing efforts to apply these polymeric materials to a range of application areas is presented. Current trends and areas of rapid development are discussed.

Application of molecularly imprinted hydrogel for the preparation of lactose-free milk

BACKGROUND

A variety of lactose imprinted hydrogels were prepared and their binding properties were studied in comparison with blank non-imprinted hydrogel. Methacrylamide and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were used as functional monomer and cross-linker, respectively. Dimethylsulfoxide was also applied as polymerisation solvent.

RESULTS

Different template/monomer ratios were studied and the optimised imprinted hydrogel (MIP₂), with a lactose/methacrylamide ratio of 1:8, was selected in a rebinding test. In Scatchard analysis of MIP₂-lactose interactions, the dissociation constant and maximum binding sites were 0.33 mmol L⁻¹ and 67.76 µmol g⁻¹ hydrogel, respectively. The selectivity of MIP₂ for lactose in aqueous media was also evaluated in comparison with different mono- and disaccharides. The data showed that the affinity of MIP₂ for lactose is significantly higher than other saccharides. The imprinted hydrogel was finally used as a sorbent for separation of lactose from milk.

CONCLUSIONS

The results indicated that MIP₂, as an optimised imprinted hydrogel, can effectively bind lactose and decrease its concentration in milk.

Molecularly imprinted nanoparticles with nontailing peaks in capillary electrochromatography

The combination of microparticles of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with partial filling capillary electrochromatography (CEC) has previously been demonstrated for the enantiomer separation. In this paper, precipitation polymerization was used to prepare d-zopiclone imprinted nanoparticles (50-80 nm) by a strategy of the dilution of pre-polymerization mixtures. The influence of some important parameters on the preparation of MIPs nanoparticles, including template to monomer ratio, type and amount of cross-linking monomer, and functional monomer composition ratio were investigated. In addition, the effect of separation condition, e.g., organic modifier content, pH value and salt concentration of buffer, on the electrochromatographic behavior of the MIP nanoparticles were studied. In spite of lower selectivity factor (1.11), high column performance (theoretical plates 41,400) of template was obtained and the resolution of enantiomers separation was 4.75 under the optimized conditions. Compared to the previously reported MIP microparticles, the MIP nanoparticles showed good peak symmetry and an ability of high speed separation (<15 min) in CEC mode.

Molecularly imprinted polymers: present and future prospective

Molecular Imprinting Technology (MIT) is a technique to design artificial receptors with a predetermined selectivity and specificity for a given analyte, which can be used as ideal materials in various application fields. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs), the polymeric matrices obtained using the imprinting technology, are robust molecular recognition elements able to mimic natural recognition entities, such as antibodies and biological receptors, useful to separate and analyze complicated samples such as biological fluids and environmental samples. The scope of this review is to provide a general overview on MIPs field discussing first general aspects in MIP preparation and then dealing with various application aspects. This review aims to outline the molecularly imprinted process and present a summary of principal application fields of molecularly imprinted polymers, focusing on chemical sensing, separation science, drug delivery and catalysis. Some significant aspects about preparation and application of the molecular imprinting polymers with examples taken from the recent literature will be discussed. Theoretical and experimental parameters for MIPs design in terms of the interaction between template and polymer functionalities will be considered and synthesis methods for the improvement of MIP recognition properties will also be presented.