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Meruva S, Singaraju AB, Vinjamuri BP, Ternik R, Stagner WC. Current State of Minitablet Product Design: A Review. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1123-1154. [PMID: 38369020 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Interest in minitablets (MTs) has grown exponentially over the last 20 years and especially the last decade, as evidenced by the number of publications cited in Scopus and PubMed. MTs offer significant opportunities for personalized medicine, dose titration and flexible dosing, taste masking, and customizing drug delivery systems. Advances in specialized MT tooling, manufacturing, and characterization instrumentation have overcome many of the earlier development issues. Breakthrough MT swallowability, acceptability, and palatability research have challenged the long-standing idea that only liquids are acceptable dosage forms for infants and young children. MTs have been shown to be a highly acceptable dosage form for infants, small children, and geriatric patients who have difficulty swallowing. This review discusses the current state of MT applications, acceptability in pediatric and geriatric populations, medication adherence, manufacturing processes such as tableting and coating, running powder and tablet characterization, packaging and MT dispensing, and regulatory considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bhavani Prasad Vinjamuri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Robert Ternik
- Rolara Medaka Consulting LLC, Fishers, IN 46037, USA
| | - William C Stagner
- Campbell University College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA.
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2
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Said M, Elsayed I, Aboelwafa AA, Elshafeey AH, Hassan M. Ocular Mucoadhesive and Biodegradable Sponge-Like Inserts for the Sustained and Controlled Delivery of Voriconazole; Preparation, D-optimal Factorial Optimization and in-vivo Evaluation. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:961-973. [PMID: 37949171 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to formulate and optimize by statistical means mucoadhesive and biodegradable sponge-like inserts loaded with voriconazole (VCZ) which increases the contact time of the drug with the eye and sustain its release from the formula in a controlled manner. This avoids the pulsed effect reported for the drug suspension and results in reducing the number of drug instillations in the eye with the result of enhancing the patient compliance. Also, the sponge like nature of the insert reduces the foreign body sensation caused by other ocular solid dosage forms. They were prepared using casting/freeze-drying technique using five polymers namely high molecular weight chitosan (CH), sodium alginate (AL), sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), gellan gum (GG) and xanthan gum (XG). The prepared inserts were subjected to evaluations of their visual appearance, weight variation, drug content, surface pH, in-vitro release (percent drug released after 1h (Q1 (%)), mean dissolution time (MDT) and dissolution efficiency (DE)) in addition to kinetic analysis of the release data, water uptake, mucoadhesion and rheology of the forming plain polymer solution at the maximum rate of shear. The independent variables of the D-optimal factorial design were the polymer type and concentration while Q1 (%), MDT, DE, % water uptake after 15 minutes and rheology at the maximum rate of shear were chosen as dependant variables. The performed optimization process using design expert software showed an optimum formula consisting of 2 % GG. It showed slow release behavior compared to the drug suspension. FTIR and DSC studies showed that there is no interaction between VCZ and GG. The optimum formula has good in-vitro mucoadhesive properties and pH in the safe ocular range. Moreover, it showed promising in-vivo results of rapid hydration and gelling in addition to good mucoadhesive behavior when instilled in the eye, high ocular safety and biocompatibility, sustained antifungal activity in comparison to the drug suspension and finally biodegradation. So, it may be taken into consideration as an outstanding carrier for the ocular delivery of VCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada Said
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Ahmed A Aboelwafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Elshafeey
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt
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Teaima MH, El-Nadi MT, Hamed RR, El-Nabarawi MA, Abdelmonem R. Lyophilized Nasal Inserts of Atomoxetine HCl Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Brain Targeting as a Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Pharmacokinetics Study on Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:326. [PMID: 37259468 PMCID: PMC9958713 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the ability of lyophilized nasal inserts of nanosized atomoxetine HCl solid lipid nanoparticles (ATM-SLNs) to transport atomoxetine (ATM) directly to the brain and overcome the first-pass metabolism. In this case, 16 formulae of (ATM-SLNs) were prepared using hot melt emulsification, stirring and ultrasonication method technique. A full factorial design was established with 24 trials by optimization of four variables; lipid type (Compritol 888 ATO or stearic acid) (X1), lipid to drug ratio [(1:2) or (2:1)] (X2), span 60: Pluronic f127 ratio [(1:3) or (3:1)] (X3) and probe sonication time (five or ten minutes) (X4). The prepared SLNs were characterized for entrapment efficiency (EE%), in-vitro drug release after 30 min (Q30min), particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP) and polydispersity index (PDI). Design Expert® software was used to select the optimum two formulae. The morphological examination for the optimum two formulae was carried out using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Furthermore, eight lyophilized nasal inserts were prepared by using a 23 full factorial design by optimization of three variables: type of (ATM-SLNs) formula (X1), type of polymer (NOVEON AA1 or HPMC K100m) (X2) and concentration of polymer (X3). They were evaluated for nasal inserts' physicochemical properties. The two optimum inserts were selected by Design Expert® software. The two optimum insets with the highest desirability values were (S4 and S8). They were subjected to DSC thermal stability study and in-vivo study on rats. They were compared with atomoxetine oral solution, atomoxetine (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) and the pure atomoxetine solution loaded in lyophilized insert. (ATM-SLNs) showed EE% range of (41.14 mg ± 1.8% to 90.6 mg ± 2.8%), (Q30min%) of (27.11 ± 5.9% to 91.08 ± 0.15%), ZP of (-8.52 ± 0.75 to -28.4 ± 0.212% mV), PS of (320.9 ± 110.81% nm to 936.7 ± 229.6% nm) and PDI of (0.222 ± 0.132% to 0.658 ± 0.03%). Additionally, the two optimum (ATM-SLNs) formulae chosen, i.e., F7 and F9 showed spherical morphology. Nasal inserts had assay of drug content of (82.5 ± 2.5% to 103.94 ± 3.94%), Q15min% of (89.9 ± 6.4% to 100%) and Muco-adhesion strength of (3510.5 ± 140.21 to 9319.5 ± 39.425). DSC results of S4 and S8 showed compatibility of (ATM) with the other excipients. S8 and S4 also showed higher trans-nasal permeation to the brain with brain targeting efficiency of (211.3% and 177.42%, respectively) and drug transport percentages of (52.7% and 43.64%, respectively). To conclude, lyophilized nasal inserts of (ATM-SLNs) enhanced (ATM) trans-nasal drug targeting permeation and brain targeting efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud H. Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Merhan Taha El-Nadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Giza P.O. Box 12511, Egypt
| | - Raghda Rabe Hamed
- Industrial Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo P.O. Box 12566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Rehab Abdelmonem
- Industrial Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo P.O. Box 12566, Egypt
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Tagami T, Goto E, Kida R, Hirose K, Noda T, Ozeki T. Lyophilized ophthalmologic patches as novel corneal drug formulations using a semi-solid extrusion 3D printer. Int J Pharm 2022; 617:121448. [PMID: 35066116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
3D printing technology is a novel and practical approach for producing unique and complex industrial and medical objects. In the pharmaceutical field, the approval of 3D printed tablets by the US Food and Drug Administration has led to other 3D printed drug formulations and dosage forms being proposed and investigated. Here, we report novel ophthalmologic patches for controlled drug release fabricated using a semi-solid material extrusion-type 3D printer. The patch-shaped objects were 3D printed using hydrogel-based printer inks composed of hypromellose (HPMC), sugar alcohols (mannitol, xylitol), and drugs, then freeze-dried. The viscous properties of the printer inks and patches were dependent on the HPMC and sugar alcohol concentrations. Then, the physical properties, surface structure, water uptake, antimicrobial activity, and drug release profile of lyophilized patches were characterized. Lyophilized ophthalmologic patches with different dosages and patterns were fabricated as models of personalized treatments prepared in hospitals. Then, ophthalmologic patches containing multiple drugs were fabricated using commercially available eye drop formulations. The current study indicates that 3D printing is applicable to producing novel dosage forms because its high flexibility allows the preparation of patient-tailored dosages in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuaki Tagami
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Eiichi Goto
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Risako Kida
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Hirose
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Hospital, 65-banchi, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noda
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ozeki
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan.
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Rahman L, Lembang RS, Lallo S, Handayani SR, Usmanengsi, Permana AD. Bioadhesive dermal patch as promising approach for improved antibacterial activity of bioactive compound of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb in ex vivo Staphylococcus aureus skin infection model. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Advancement on Sustained Antiviral Ocular Drug Delivery for Herpes Simplex Virus Keratitis: Recent Update on Potential Investigation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:pharmaceutics13010001. [PMID: 33374925 PMCID: PMC7821943 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The eyes are the window to the world and the key to communication, but they are vulnerable to multitudes of ailments. More serious than is thought, corneal infection by herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) is a prevalent yet silent cause of blindness in both the paediatric and adult population, especially if immunodeficient. Globally, there are 1.5 million new cases and forty thousand visual impairment cases reported yearly. The Herpetic Eye Disease Study recommends topical antiviral as the front-line therapy for HSV keratitis. Ironically, topical eye solutions undergo rapid nasolacrimal clearance, which necessitates oral drugs but there is a catch of systemic toxicity. The hurdle of antiviral penetration to reach an effective concentration is further complicated by drugs’ poor permeability and complex layers of ocular barriers. In this current review, novel delivery approaches for ocular herpetic infection, including nanocarriers, prodrugs, and peptides are widely investigated, with special focus on advantages, challenges, and recent updates on in situ gelling systems of ocular HSV infections. In general congruence, the novel drug delivery systems play a vital role in prolonging the ocular drug residence time to achieve controlled release of therapeutic agents at the application site, thus allowing superior ocular bioavailability yet fewer systemic side effects. Moreover, in situ gel functions synergistically with nanocarriers, prodrugs, and peptides. The findings support that novel drug delivery systems have potential in ophthalmic drug delivery of antiviral agents, and improve patient convenience when prolonged and chronic topical ocular deliveries are intended.
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Kurashima H, Uchida S, Kashiwagura Y, Tanaka S, Namiki N. Evaluation of Weight Variation in Mini-Tablets Manufactured by a Multiple-Tip Tool. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:981-988. [PMID: 32999150 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, owing to their pharmaceutical and clinical utility, mini-tablets have been well studied by researchers. Mini-tablets are usually manufactured by compression molding using a multiple-tip tool in a rotary tableting machine. Owing to their special structure, ensuring uniformity is a very important challenge in the manufacturability of mini-tablets using the multiple-tip tool. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the weight variation in mini-tablets produced by a multiple-tip tool, which is considered to be the root cause affecting the uniformity, and to investigate the physical properties of drug granules and tableting conditions in a rotary tableting machine that could reduce this weight variation. In addition, the relationship between these factors and response was visualized using response surface analysis. It was shown that the weight variation in mini-tablets produced by a multiple-tip tool was reduced when using a forced feeder compared with an open feeder. Furthermore, in the case of an open feeder, the optimal range of the average particle size diameter of drug granules and the rotational speed of the rotating disc in the rotary tableting machine were determined from response surface analysis. It was suggested that it is possible to reduce the weight variation in the mini-tablets by selecting drug granules with an average particle size diameter of 100-150 µm and using tableting conditions with a rotational speed of 40-60 rpm. This study elucidated the factors that affect uniformity and determined their optimal range for the manufacture of mini-tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homare Kurashima
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka.,Pharmaceutical Research Lab., Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Shinya Uchida
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yasuharu Kashiwagura
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Shimako Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Noriyuki Namiki
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Shamma R, Basha M, Awad G. Biodegradable multifunctional platform for potential treatment of vaginal candidiasis: In-vitro preparation, in-vivo assessment of antifungal efficacy in rats. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Amanat S, Taymouri S, Varshosaz J, Minaiyan M, Talebi A. Carboxymethyl cellulose-based wafer enriched with resveratrol-loaded nanoparticles for enhanced wound healing. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:1241-1254. [PMID: 31981141 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00711-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to prepare and investigate the wound healing potential of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based wafers incorporated with resveratrol (RSV)-loaded cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) NPs. Accordingly, RSV-CAB NPs were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. The effect of different formulation parameters (polymer content, surfactant concentration, and the volume ratio of aqueous phase to organic phase) on the properties of NPs was investigated using the Box-Behnken design. Then, the optimized NPs were incorporated in wafers comprising CMC combined with hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) or chitosan. Hydration capacity, porosity, adhesive strength, and hardness of the prepared nanocomposite wafers were examined. Optimized formulation was spherical, showing the particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency %, drug loading %, and release efficiency % of 248.5 nm, 0.38, - 1.59, 87.58, 25.94, and 67.10, respectively. The CMC-HPMC wafers exhibited higher porosity, hydration capacity, and adhesive performance, as compared with the CMC wafers alone and CMC-chitosan wafers. Wound healing test and histological evaluation in the excisional wounds of the rats showed that the RSV-NPs-wafers were more effective as a healing accelerator, in comparison to wafers without drug or those containing the free RSV. These results demonstrated the potential of the RSV-NPs-wafer in wound healing drug delivery applications. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Amanat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-359, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Taymouri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-359, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-359, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Minaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Talebi
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Abd El-Aziz MF, Ismail S, Tadros MI, Elnabarawi MA. Alfuzosin hydrochloride-loaded low-density gastroretentive sponges: development, in vitro characterization and gastroretentive monitoring in healthy volunteers via MRI. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:566-578. [PMID: 31967910 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1720235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current work aimed to develop low-density gastroretentive sponges loaded with alfuzosin HCl (ALF) to sustain the rate of drug release, improve its oral bioavailability and deliver it to the main site of absorption. Sponges were developed, according to a 23 full factorial design, by compression of the lyophilized ALF-loaded hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) or chitosan (CH) solutions. The influences of the polymer type, grade and concentration on the appearance, topography, porosity, density, in vitro ALF release, floating behavior, swelling, erosion, and mucoadhesive potential of the developed sponges were explored. Based on the desirability value, the best achieved system was selected. The gastroretentive potential of this system was evaluated in healthy male volunteers via MRI. Soft and flexible sponges were developed. They were characterized with interconnecting pores and channels and had excellent floating properties with respect to floating lag time and duration. Compared to HPMC-based sponges, CH-based ones exhibited higher porosity, larger pore diameters, lower bulk densities, higher drug release rates, larger swelling ratios, faster erosion rates and better mucoadhesive properties. MRI of magnetite-loaded best-achieved CH-based system (F8) ascertained the development of a promising gastroretentive system; exhibiting a gastric residence period of at least 5 h.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soha Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mina Ibrahim Tadros
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Elnabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Göttel B, de Souza E Silva JM, Santos de Oliveira C, Syrowatka F, Fiorentzis M, Viestenz A, Viestenz A, Mäder K. Electrospun nanofibers - A promising solid in-situ gelling alternative for ocular drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 146:125-132. [PMID: 31816391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A serious problem of the treatment of eye diseases is the very short residence time of the drug. The majority of the drug is cleared within few seconds due to the poor capability of the eye to accommodate additional liquids. We developed a new ocular drug delivery system, which is applied in dry form and forms immediately a gel after administration. The system is based on gellan gum/pullulan electrospun nanofibers. The rheological behavior of the spinning solution was investigated followed by further characterization of the in situ formed gel. Three-dimensional X-ray imaging with nanometric resolution (nano-CT) and electron scanning microscopy were used for a detailed characterization of the diameter and alignment of the fibers. A high porosity (87.5 ± 0.5%) and pore interconnectivity (99%) was found. To ensure a good fit to the eye anatomy, the prepared fibers were shaped into curved geometries. Additionally, a new innovative moistening chamber for the in vitro determination of the ocular residence time in porcine eyes was developed which mimics the tear turnover. A clear prolongation of the fluorescein residence time compared to conventional eye drops was achieved with the application of the curved nanofiber in situ gelling mat. In summary, the developed in situ gelling system with adapted geometry is a promising alternative system for ocular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Göttel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Cristine Santos de Oliveira
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frank Syrowatka
- The Interdisciplinary Center of Materials Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Miltiadis Fiorentzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, University Medicine Halle, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anja Viestenz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, University Medicine Halle, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Arne Viestenz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, University Medicine Halle, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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El-Sawy NM, Raafat AI, Badawy NA, Mohamed AM. Radiation development of pH-responsive (xanthan-acrylic acid)/MgO nanocomposite hydrogels for controlled delivery of methotrexate anticancer drug. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 142:254-264. [PMID: 31593725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite hydrogels composed of magnesium oxide (MgO) and natural polymer-based copolymer of Xanthan gum (Xan) and acrylic acid (AAc) were prepared using radiation-induced copolymerization and crosslinking technique to be used as a drug delivery system. MgO nanoparticles were synthesized using sol- gel method. FTIR, XRD, UV-vis and TEM analysis revealed the successful preparation of MgO nanoparticles. The size of MgO nanoparticles was found to be 6.6 nm. FTIR data confirmed the incorporation of MgO within the (Xan-AAc) copolymer hydrogel. The presence of MgO nanoparticles slightly decreases the gelation degree and on contrary the swelling degree and network porosity was enhanced. (Xan-AAc)/MgO nanocomposites show typical pH-dependent swelling behavior Moreover, the swelling kinetics showed that all the samples under investigation possess Fickian at pH1 and non-Fickian at pH7. Methotrexate (MTX) as model for anticancer drugs was used to evaluate the potential efficiency of the obtained (Xan-AAc)/MgO nanocomposites as drug carrier. Incorporation of MgO into (Xan-AAc) hydrogel improves the drug loading efficiency and enhances the (MTX) release to reach maximum in the simulated intestine medium (pH7). The drug release profile came in a good agreement with swelling results which recommend the (Xan-AAc)/MgO nanocomposite hydrogels as potential targeted drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem M El-Sawy
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amany I Raafat
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa A Badawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Mohamed
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Abd El-Bary A, Kamal Ibrahim H, Haza'a BS, Al Sharabi I. Formulation of sustained release bioadhesive minitablets containing solid dispersion of levofloxacin for once daily ocular use. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 24:824-838. [PMID: 30931674 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1602631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to increase ocular residence time of levofloxacin by formulation into zero-order sustained release mucoadhesive minitablets for once daily administration using a hydrophobic-hydrophilic polymeric matrix. Levofloxacin was first formulated into solid dispersion with different ratios of Eudragit® RS then the resulting solid dispersion was mixed with different concentrations of Carbopol® and other excipients to be finally compressed into minitablets. A 24 full factorial design was employed to estimate the effects and interactions of two formulation factors, and to establish their relationships with selected responses in the developed minitablets. The studied factors were: drug to Eudragit® RS ratio, and percent of Carbopol® in the minitablets. Sixteen ocular minitablets formulations were prepared and evaluated for the cumulative percentages drug release at 6, 12, and 24 h, as well as mucoadhesion time, mucoadhesive strength, and swelling index as response variables. After optimizing the responses, the optimized formulation was found to be stable on sterilization using gamma-irradiation and storage at 40 °C/75% RH for six months. In vivo testing of the optimized formulation showed that the minitablets extended levofloxacin release up to 24 h without causing any ocular irritation. The optimized formulation exhibited superior microbiological activity compared to the commercial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abd El-Bary
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Howida Kamal Ibrahim
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Balqees Saeed Haza'a
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Al Sharabi
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt.,b Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy , King Khalid University , Abha , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Exploiting polymer blending approach for fabrication of buccal chitosan-based composite sponges with augmented mucoadhesive characteristics. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 120:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Elsayed I, Sayed S. Tailored nanostructured platforms for boosting transcorneal permeation: Box-Behnken statistical optimization, comprehensive in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo characterization. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7947-7962. [PMID: 29133980 PMCID: PMC5669792 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s150366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery systems suffer from rapid drainage, intractable corneal permeation and short dosing intervals. Transcorneal drug permeation could increase the drug availability and efficiency in the aqueous humor. The aim of this study was to develop and optimize nanostructured formulations to provide accurate doses, long contact time and enhanced drug permeation. Nanovesicles were designed based on Box-Behnken model and prepared using the thin film hydration technique. The formed nanodispersions were evaluated by measuring the particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and gelation temperature. The obtained desirability values were utilized to develop an optimized nanostructured in situ gel and insert. The optimized formulations were imaged by transmission and scanning electron microscopes. In addition, rheological characters, in vitro drug diffusion, ex vivo and in vivo permeation and safety of the optimized formulation were investigated. The optimized insert formulation was found to have a relatively lower viscosity, higher diffusion, ex vivo and in vivo permeation, when compared to the optimized in situ gel. So, the lyophilized nanostructured insert could be considered as a promising carrier and transporter for drugs across the cornea with high biocompatibility and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sinar Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Nanoemulsion-based electrolyte triggered in situ gel for ocular delivery of acetazolamide. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 104:302-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Yang X, Sheng Y, Ray A, Shah SJ, Trinh HM, Pal D, Mitra AK. Uptake and bioconversion of stereoisomeric dipeptide prodrugs of ganciclovir by nanoparticulate carriers in corneal epithelial cells. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:2532-2540. [PMID: 25775276 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1023384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study is to investigate cellular uptake of prodrug-loaded nanoparticle (NP). Another objective is to study bioconversion of stereoisomeric dipeptide prodrugs of ganciclovir (GCV) including L-Val-L-Val-GCV (LLGCV), L-Val-D-Val-GCV (LDGCV) and d-Val-l-Val-GCV (DLGCV) in human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) model. METHODS Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NP encapsulating prodrugs of GCV were formulated under a double emulsion method. Fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer-PLGA conjugates were synthesized to fabricate biocompatible fluorescent PLGA NP. Intracellular uptake of FITC-labeled NP was visualized by a fluorescent microscope in HCEC cells. RESULTS Fluorescent PLGA NP and non-fluorescent NP display similar hydrodynamic diameter in the range of 115-145 nm with a narrow particle size distribution and zeta potentials around -13 mV. Both NP types showed identical intracellular accumulation in HCEC cells. Maximum uptake (around 60%) was noted at 3 h for NP. Cellular uptake and intracellular accumulation of prodrugs are significantly different among three stereoisomeric dipeptide prodrugs. The microscopic images show that NPs are avidly internalized by HCEC cells and distributed throughout the cytoplasm instead of being localized on the cell surface. Following cellular uptake, prodrugs released from NP gradually bioreversed into parent drug GCV. LLGCV showed the highest degradation rate, followed by LDGCV and DLGCV. CONCLUSION LLGCV, LDGCV and DLGCV released from NP exhibited superior uptake and bioreversion in corneal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yang
- a Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City , MO , USA
| | - Ye Sheng
- a Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City , MO , USA
| | - Animikh Ray
- a Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City , MO , USA
| | - Sujay J Shah
- a Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City , MO , USA
| | - Hoang M Trinh
- a Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City , MO , USA
| | - Dhananjay Pal
- a Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City , MO , USA
| | - Ashim K Mitra
- a Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City , MO , USA
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Russo E, Selmin F, Baldassari S, Gennari C, Caviglioli G, Cilurzo F, Minghetti P, Parodi B. A focus on mucoadhesive polymers and their application in buccal dosage forms. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Levofloxacin hemihydrate ocular semi-sponges for topical treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis: Formulation and in-vitro/in-vivo characterization. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Lyophilized sponges loaded with curcumin solid lipid nanoparticles for buccal delivery: Development and characterization. Int J Pharm 2015; 492:248-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Moosa RM, Choonara YE, du Toit LC, Kumar P, Tomar LK, Tyagi C, Carmichael TR, Pillay V. In vitropharmaceutical characterization and statistical optimization of a novel topically applied instantly-soluble solid eye drop matrix. Pharm Dev Technol 2014; 20:854-862. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.930488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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El-Mahrouk GM, El-Gazayerly ON, Aboelwafa AA, Taha MS. Chitosan lactate wafer as a platform for the buccal delivery of tizanidine HCl: in vitro and in vivo performance. Int J Pharm 2014; 467:100-12. [PMID: 24680961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tizanidine HCl is a skeletal muscle relaxant that suffers from extensive hepatic metabolism resulting in 34-40% oral bioavailability. It also suffers from short half-life (2.1-4.2h) that necessitates frequent administration thus reducing patient compliance. In addition, tizanidine HCl is water soluble, so it is a challenging candidate for controlled drug delivery. In our study, tizanidine was encapsulated in chitosan lactate beads cross-linked with sodium tripolyphosphate. The beads were further incorporated into chitosan lactate wafer to be easily applied to buccal mucosa, aiming to bypass the hepatic metabolism. A central composite face-centered design was applied to statistically optimize the formulation variables; tripolyphosphate concentration, chitosan lactate concentration and polymer/drug ratio. The optimized formula suggested by the software composed of; 3.03% tripolyphosphate, 4.92% chitosan lactate and 2.13 polymer/drug ratio. It provided encapsulation efficiency of 56.5% and controlled tizanidine release over 8h. It is also characterized by being mucoadhesive and nonirritant. Pharmacokinetic parameters of tizanidine from the optimized formula were compared to those of the immediate release tablet, Sirdalud(®), as reference in human volunteers using a randomized crossover design. Significant increase was observed for Tmax and AUC(0-∞). The increase in relative bioavailability of TIZ from the optimized formula was 2.27 fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal M El-Mahrouk
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Omaima N El-Gazayerly
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Aboelwafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini street, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Maie S Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Moosa RM, Choonara YE, du Toit LC, Kumar P, Carmichael T, Tomar LK, Tyagi C, Pillay V. A review of topically administered mini-tablets for drug delivery to the anterior segment of the eye. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 66:490-506. [PMID: 24635554 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The human eye is a unique and intricate structure which has made drug delivery to the eye a formidable undertaking. Anterior-segment eye diseases are ubiquitous, especially among elderly patients, and conventional eye drops, although a first-choice dosage form, are not always an efficient treatment option. The development of novel drug delivery systems for improved treatment is therefore imperative. KEY FINDINGS In an attempt to circumvent the obstacles presented by the structure of the eye, advanced systems such as ocular mini-tablets have been developed. In this review, a concerted effort has been made to provide a detailed overview of topically administered ocular mini-tablets and other solid devices for drug delivery to the anterior segment of the eye. These mini-tablets have been shown in vitro and in vivo to have significant advantages in comparison with liquid preparations. This is a step toward attaining better patient convenience and compliance, which are critical factors. SUMMARY Solid ophthalmic dosage forms have several advantages that can contribute to assisting with patient compliance and, ultimately, effective disease treatment. In addition to the challenges associated with topical ocular drug delivery, the shortcomings of conventional eye drops, advantages of mini-tablets, and improvements to date to these systems are discussed. The requirement for further advancements in the ocular field is also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeesa M Moosa
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Hiorth M, Liereng L, Reinertsen R, Tho I. Formulation of bioadhesive hexylaminolevulinate pellets intended for photodynamic therapy in the treatment of cervical cancer. Int J Pharm 2012; 441:544-54. [PMID: 23142497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy has a great potential in the treatment of cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to develop bioadhesive pellets containing hexylaminolevulinate (HAL), a precursor of the photoactive substance PpIX, with a fast release for vaginal drug delivery. Pellets were produced by extrusion/spheronization, and Carbopol(®) 934 was used to obtain bioadhesive properties. A 2(2)-factorial design with center point investigating the HAL content (1 and 10%, w/w) and Carbopol(®) 934 content (1 and 8%, w/w) was set up. The most suitable formulations were mechanically stable and showed bioadhesive properties toward vaginal tissue. The drug load was released within 20 min in phosphate buffer pH 4 and 6.8 in the in vitro dissolution test. The stability of HAL in the pellet formulations varied, but the most stable formulation showed 96-97% HAL remaining in the formulation after 6-7 weeks of storage at accelerated temperature conditions (40 °C). The investigated formulations seem promising for vaginal delivery of HAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Hiorth
- The SiteDel Group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway.
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Al-Malah KI, Azzam MOJ. Carbomer Dispersions: A New Calibration Method for Quantifying Shear-Thinning and Shear-Thickening Effects. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2011.605670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Pahuja P, Arora S, Pawar P. Ocular drug delivery system: a reference to natural polymers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:837-61. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.690733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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