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Osman SK, Yassin TM, Abdelzaher A, Ahmed F, Mohammed AM, Abdellatif AAH, Saleh KI, Mahdi WA, Alshehri S, Hamd MAE, Sarhan H. Self-assembling Organogels Loaded with Tenoxicam for Local Intensive Pain and Inflammation Cure: In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:18. [PMID: 38263347 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to tenoxicam (TX)'s poor aqueous solubility (0.072 mg/ml), it is poorly absorbable in the GIT, and the long-term oral administration of TX may cause severe GIT disturbances. Topical administration of TX can help in bypassing the GIT adverse effects. Therefore, in the present work, we constructed different pluronic/lecithin organogels (PLOs) for topical delivery of TX. PLO was constructed simply via direct mixing of an aqueous pluronic solution with lecithin solution. The prepared PLO formulations were characterized for their physicochemical properties including pH, drug content, visual inspection, viscosity, and spreadability. Also, the in vitro release and kinetic studies were carried out to investigate the mechanism of drug release. Moreover, the in vivo studies were carried out by investigating the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities using albino male rats. The results showed that the modified PLOs have good physicochemical properties. The viscosity of the modified gels is a direct proportionality with both lecithin and pluronic concentrations. Also, subsequently, the drug release rate is directly proportional to gel viscosity. Moreover, the in vivo studies showed that the modified PLOs (F19) showed a significant ( < 0.05%) paw edema inhibition and pain analgesia compared with other investigated groups. Also, the results indicated that the increase in dose is accompanied by higher activity and a longer duration of action which extended to 12 h. Hence, the modified PLOs are promising safe candidates or vehicles for effective TX loading with sustained delivery behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaaban K Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Taher M Yassin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minofia University, Minofia, Egypt
| | | | - Fatma Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid I Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Wael A Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, 11961, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| | - Hatem Sarhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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AboElfarh HE, Habib ESE, El-Sokkary MMA. Effect of dexamethasone and tenoxicam on the virulence activities of different Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. Germs 2023; 13:321-331. [PMID: 38361541 PMCID: PMC10866164 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to examine the effect of commonly used non-antibiotic drugs (dexamethasone and tenoxicam), on treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, antibiotic resistance and virulence in this pathogen. Methods Four antibiotics (gentamicin, cefepime, ciprofloxacin and meropenem) were investigated. The proteolysis and hemolysis were selected as virulence factors for investigation. In this work, we selected the following final concentrations: dexamethasone (0.0052 μg/mL) and tenoxicam (2.7 μg/mL) to be used in combination with antibiotics or alone for investigation of their effects on antibiotic resistance and virulence in P. aeruginosa isolates. Results The drugs either increased or decreased antibiotic resistance in only 0-3 isolates, which indicates that the investigated drugs did not significantly affect the antibiotic resistance. Interestingly, our study demonstrated that both dexamethasone and tenoxicam increased the hemolytic activity of the investigated isolates. On the other hand, our results indicated that no overall final increasing or decreasing effect could be observed for dexamethasone on the proteolytic activity, while tenoxicam increased the proteolytic activity of the investigated isolates. Interestingly, by real-time PCR dexamethasone has shown significant down-regulation of virulence genes namely algD, plcH and toxA, apparently, in case of combination with ciprofloxacin and with gentamicin in one isolate. However, a negative influence was observed in another isolate. Unfortunately, in the case of tenoxicam the only positive effect was observed in the combination with gentamicin in one isolate. Conclusions Resistance of P. aeruginosa against gentamicin and ciprofloxacin may be affected by combining these antibiotics with dexamethasone or tenoxicam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba E. AboElfarh
- MD student, Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed E. Habib
- PhD, Professor of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. A. El-Sokkary
- PhD, Professor of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
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Marei HF, El Maghraby GM, Arafa MF. Eutectic phase transition during tablet manufacture: effect of melting point of eutectic forming drug. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:811-825. [PMID: 37788184 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2264917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate eutectic transition during tableting and storage. Mixtures of lidocaine and series of NSAIDs with increasing melting point were used as model systems to guide formulators to scaleup eutectic forming materials gaining enhanced dissolution while avoiding deleterious physical changes. Physical mixtures of NSAIDs with lidocaine were prepared at eutectic forming ratio. These were directly compressed, dry co-ground before compression, or compressed after wet granulation. Dissolution of tablets was compared to corresponding dry co-ground mixture. Thermograms of direct compressed tablet were compared to co-ground mixture and pure compound. Stability of direct compressed tablets was assessed. Tableting initiated eutexia which enhanced dissolution of NSAIDs. Eutexia was associated with tablet softening in case of low melting point ketoprofen and aceclofenac. Wet granulation hastened eutexia developing unacceptable tablet in case ketoprofen and aceclofenac. Tablets prepared by direct compression of physical mixtures underwent gradual eutectic transition upon storage with the magnitude of eutectic transition reducing with increased melting point of NSAIDs. Ketoprofen was physically unstable but aceclofenac degraded chemically as well. Tenoxicam and meloxicam tablets were physically and chemically stable. Direct compression after physical mixing is the best tableting technique, but low melting point drugs should consider different strategy before compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadir F Marei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Gamal M El Maghraby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mona F Arafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
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Neagu TP, Tiglis M, Peride I, Niculae A. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, A Serious Side Effect of Tenoxicam Use: A Case Report. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2195. [PMID: 37570435 PMCID: PMC10418430 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenoxicam, a selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, has potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and is frequently used for out-of-hospital pain control. Even though other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were incriminated in Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) appearance, the literature is scarce regarding this agent. We report a case of tenoxicam-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis, detailing the multidisciplinary approach in a patient presenting skin detachment of 90% of the total body surface area, with concomitant ocular, oral, nasal, and vaginal mucosae involvement. A skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The immediate cessation of the incriminated drug and rapid initiation of systemic steroids, along with topical therapies, and isolation into a specific environmental condition to limit skin infection were the cornerstones of therapeutic management. The patient was discharged with skin hyperpigmentation area and mild anxiety as long-term sequels. This report emphasized that severe or complicated cases should be transferred to a specialized burn center to reduce mortality risk and long-term morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiberiu Paul Neagu
- Clinical Department No. 11, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mirela Tiglis
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency Clinical Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Peride
- Clinical Department No. 3, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Andrei Niculae
- Clinical Department No. 3, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
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Orbay Yaşli S, Günay Canpolat D, Doğruel F, Demirbaş AE. Efficacy of Tenoxicam, Paracetamol, and Their Combination in Postoperative Pain After Double-Jaw Surgery. Cureus 2023; 15:e44195. [PMID: 37641729 PMCID: PMC10460537 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Orthognathic surgical procedures include a series of surgical operations in which interventions are applied to the maxilla, mandible, or both for occlusal or aesthetic concerns due to facial skeletal development deformities. Double-jaw surgeries have the highest pain scores, in which both maxilla and mandible bones are intervened. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of individual applications of paracetamol and tenoxicam with their combined application on postoperative pain and opioid consumption in patients undergoing double-jaw surgery. Methods In this randomized, double-blind study, 60 patients undergoing double-jaw surgery were allocated into three groups, with each having 20 patients: the paracetamol group, the tenoxicam group, and the paracetamol-tenoxicam combination group. Pain intensity was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) at intervals of 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes, and again at the 24th postoperative hour. Additionally, the consumption of opioids and other rescue analgesics was documented over the 24-hour postoperative period. Results The VAS values at 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 24 hours were lower in the paracetamol-tenoxicam group compared to the other groups (p<0.001). The need for a rescue analgesic drug in the first 24 hours was not observed in the tenoxicam and paracetamol-tenoxicam groups. Conclusion It was concluded that both tenoxicam and paracetamol-tenoxicam combinations, especially the tenoxicam-paracetamol combination, were good options for postoperative analgesia in patients with double-jaw surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seher Orbay Yaşli
- Anesthesiology in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry, Kayseri, TUR
| | - Dilek Günay Canpolat
- Anesthesiology in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry, Kayseri, TUR
| | - Fatma Doğruel
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry, Kayseri, TUR
| | - Ahmet E Demirbaş
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry, Kayseri, TUR
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Maggi L, Friuli V, Bruni G, Rinaldi A, Bini M. Hybrid Nanocomposites of Tenoxicam: Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) vs. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) Inorganic Carriers. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104035. [PMID: 37241774 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for effective systems to facilitate the release of poorly bioavailable drugs is a forefront topic for the pharmaceutical market. Materials constituted by inorganic matrices and drugs represent one of the latest research strategies in the development of new drug alternatives. Our aim was to obtain hybrid nanocomposites of Tenoxicam, an insoluble nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, with both layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and hydroxyapatite (HAP). The physicochemical characterization on the base of X-ray powder diffraction, SEM/EDS, DSC and FT-IR measurements was useful to verify the possible hybrids formation. In both cases, the hybrids formed, but it seemed that the drug intercalation in LDH was low and, in fact, the hybrid was not effective in improving the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug alone. On the contrary, the HAP-Tenoxicam hybrid, compared to the drug alone and to a simple physical mixture, showed an excellent improvement in wettability and solubility and a very significant increase in the release rate in all the tested biorelevant fluids. It delivers the entire daily dose of 20 mg in about 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauretta Maggi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valeria Friuli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bruni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- CSGI, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Rinaldi
- Nanocarbon Laboratory, Department of Mathematical, Physics and Informatics Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marcella Bini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- CSGI, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- National Reference Centre for Electrochemical Energy Storage (GISEL)-INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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Choi SW, Kumaishi K, Motohashi R, Enoki H, Chacuttayapong W, Takamizo T, Saika H, Endo M, Yamada T, Hirose A, Koizuka N, Kimura S, Kawakatsu Y, Koga H, Ito E, Shirasu K, Ichihashi Y. Oxicam-type nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs enhance Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation in plants. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2022; 39:323-327. [PMID: 36349241 PMCID: PMC9592935 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a key innovation for plant breeding, and routinely used in basic researches and applied biology. However, the transformation efficiency is often the limiting factor of this technique. In this study, we discovered that oxicam-type nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including tenoxicam (TNX), increase the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation. TNX treatment increased the transformation efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana mature leaves by agroinfiltration. The increase of efficiency by TNX treatment was not observed in dde2/ein2/pad4/sid2 quadruple mutant, indicating that TNX inhibits the immune system mediated by jasmonic acid, ethylene, and salicylic acid against to Agrobacterium. We also found that TNX-treatment is applicable for the transient expression and subcellular localization analysis of fluorescent-tagged proteins in Arabidopsis leaf cells. In addition, we found that TNX increases the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation of Jatropha. Given that treatment with oxicam compounds is a simple and cost effective method, our findings will provide a new option to overcome limitations associated with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of various plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-won Choi
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Natural Sciences, International Christian University (ICU), Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8585, Japan
| | - Kie Kumaishi
- Riken BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Reiko Motohashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Applied Life Sciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Harumi Enoki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Applied Life Sciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Wiluk Chacuttayapong
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Applied Life Sciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Tadashi Takamizo
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2793, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saika
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Masaki Endo
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Aya Hirose
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Nobuya Koizuka
- College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, , Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Department of Industrial Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
- Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Yaichi Kawakatsu
- Department of Industrial Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate school of Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Emi Ito
- Department of Natural Sciences, International Christian University (ICU), Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8585, Japan
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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Xie Y, Yuan P, Heng T, Du L, An Q, Zhang B, Zhang L, Yang D, Du G, Lu Y. Insight into the Formation of Cocrystal and Salt of Tenoxicam from the Isomer and Conformation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1968. [PMID: 36145717 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenoxicam (TNX) is a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that shows a superior anti-inflammatory effect and has the advantages of a long half-life period, a fast onset of action, a small dose, complete metabolism, and good tolerance. Some compounds often have tautomerism, and different tautomers exist in different crystalline forms. TNX is such a compound and has three tautomers. TNX always exists as the zwitterionic form in cocrystals. When the salt is formed, TNX exists in the enol form, which exhibits two conformations depending on whether a proton is gained or lost. Currently, the crystal structure of the keto form is not in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). Based on the analysis of existing crystal structures, we derived a simple rule for what form of TNX exists according to the pKa value of the cocrystal coformer (CCF) and carried out validation tests using three CCFs with different pKa values, including p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (DNB), and 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB). The molecular surface electrostatic potential (MEPS) was combined with the pKa rule to predict the interaction sites. Finally, two new cocrystals (TNX-PAS and TNX-DNB) and one salt (TNX-DHB) of TNX were obtained as expected. The differences between the cocrystals and salt were distinguished by X-ray diffraction, vibration spectra, thermal analysis, and dissolution measurements. To further understand the intermolecular interactions in these cocrystals and salt, the lattice energy and energy decomposition analysis (EDA) were used to explain them from the perspective of energy. The results suggest that the melting point of the CCF determines that of the cocrystal or salt, the solubility of the CCF itself plays an important role, and the improvement of the solubility after salt formation is not necessarily better than that of API or its cocrystals.
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Pontes-Quero GM, Benito-Garzón L, Pérez Cano J, Aguilar MR, Vázquez-Lasa B. Modulation of Inflammatory Mediators by Polymeric Nanoparticles Loaded with Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020290. [PMID: 33672354 PMCID: PMC7926915 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The first-line treatment of osteoarthritis is based on anti-inflammatory drugs, the most currently used being nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors and corticoids. Most of them present cytotoxicity and low bioavailability in physiological conditions, making necessary the administration of high drug concentrations causing several side effects. The goal of this work was to encapsulate three hydrophobic anti-inflammatory drugs of different natures (celecoxib, tenoxicam and dexamethasone) into core-shell terpolymer nanoparticles with potential applications in osteoarthritis. Nanoparticles presented hydrodynamic diameters between 110 and 130 nm and almost neutral surface charges (between −1 and −5 mV). Encapsulation efficiencies were highly dependent on the loaded drug and its water solubility, having higher values for celecoxib (39–72%) followed by tenoxicam (20–24%) and dexamethasone (14–26%). Nanoencapsulation reduced celecoxib and dexamethasone cytotoxicity in human articular chondrocytes and murine RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, the three loaded systems did not show cytotoxic effects in a wide range of concentrations. Celecoxib and dexamethasone-loaded nanoparticles reduced the release of different inflammatory mediators (NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2 and IL-10) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7. Tenoxicam-loaded nanoparticles reduced NO and PGE2 production, although an overexpression of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 was observed. Finally, all nanoparticles proved to be biocompatible in a subcutaneous injection model in rats. These findings suggest that these loaded nanoparticles could be suitable candidates for the treatment of inflammatory processes associated with osteoarthritis due to their demonstrated in vitro activity as regulators of inflammatory mediator production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria María Pontes-Quero
- Group of Biomaterials, Department of Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.M.P.-Q.); (B.V.-L.)
- Alodia Farmacéutica SL, Santiago Grisolía 2 D130/L145, 28760 Madrid, Spain;
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Benito-Garzón
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.B.-G.); (M.R.A.); Tel.: +34-915-622-900 (M.R.A.)
| | - Juan Pérez Cano
- Alodia Farmacéutica SL, Santiago Grisolía 2 D130/L145, 28760 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Rosa Aguilar
- Group of Biomaterials, Department of Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.M.P.-Q.); (B.V.-L.)
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.B.-G.); (M.R.A.); Tel.: +34-915-622-900 (M.R.A.)
| | - Blanca Vázquez-Lasa
- Group of Biomaterials, Department of Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.M.P.-Q.); (B.V.-L.)
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Ağin F, Atal S. Electroanalytical Determination of the Antiinflammatory Drug Tenoxicam in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. Turk J Pharm Sci 2020; 16:184-190. [PMID: 32454712 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.60783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The electro-oxidation behavior of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug tenoxicam (TX) was studied on multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and square wave voltammetry (SWV). Materials and Methods The GCE was modified with MWCNT for sensitive determination of TX by voltammetric methods. Results The current peaks for TX occurred at around 0.520 V for DPV and 0.570 V for SWV when the potential was scanned in the positive direction. The oxidation process of TX showed irreversible and diffusion-controlled behavior. The linear responses were obtained in the range from 2×10-7 to 1×10-5 M with the limit of detection (LOD) 1.43×10-9 for DPV and from 8×10-9 to 8×10-6 with the LOD 9.97×10-10 for SWV in 1 M acetate buffer solution at pH 5.5. Conclusion Fully validated DPV and SWV were successfully applied for the determination of TX from pharmaceutical dosage form and yielded satisfying results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ağin
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Sena Atal
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Trabzon, Turkey
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Çebi AT, Kasapoğlu MB, Eren S, Kasapoğlu Ç. Comparison of the effects of diclofenac potassium and tenoxicam on postoperative pain,
swelling, and trismus following third molar surgery. Turk J Med Sci 2018; 48:271-278. [PMID: 29714439 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1702-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim:
This study aimed to compare two nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents in relation to pain, swelling, and trismus
following impacted third molar surgery.
Materials and methods:
The study was a randomized and a double-blinded study and included 50 healthy individuals. After the
operation, patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups in which diclofenac potassium and tenoxicam were used. Impacted third molars
were surgically extracted with local anesthesia. Pain was assessed postoperatively by visual analog scale at the 2nd, 6th, 8th, 12th, 24th,
and 48th hours and on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days. Swelling was evaluated using the method of Üstün et al. and trismus was measured
with calipers on the postoperative 3rd and 7th days.
Results:
There was statistically significant difference between the groups in VAS levels at the 2nd and 6th hours; however, VAS levels of
the tenoxicam group were significantly lower as compared to diclofenac potassium at the 8th, 12th, 24th, and 48th hours and on the 3rd,
5th, and 7th days (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). No difference was noted regarding trismus and swelling between the groups.
Conclusion:
Diclofenac potassium and tenoxicam are similarly effective for reduction of swelling and trismus following the extraction
of mandibular third molars; however, tenoxicam surpasses diclofenac potassium for controlling pain.
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12
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Elsayed I, Sayed S. Tailored nanostructured platforms for boosting transcorneal permeation: Box-Behnken statistical optimization, comprehensive in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo characterization. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7947-7962. [PMID: 29133980 PMCID: PMC5669792 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s150366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery systems suffer from rapid drainage, intractable corneal permeation and short dosing intervals. Transcorneal drug permeation could increase the drug availability and efficiency in the aqueous humor. The aim of this study was to develop and optimize nanostructured formulations to provide accurate doses, long contact time and enhanced drug permeation. Nanovesicles were designed based on Box-Behnken model and prepared using the thin film hydration technique. The formed nanodispersions were evaluated by measuring the particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and gelation temperature. The obtained desirability values were utilized to develop an optimized nanostructured in situ gel and insert. The optimized formulations were imaged by transmission and scanning electron microscopes. In addition, rheological characters, in vitro drug diffusion, ex vivo and in vivo permeation and safety of the optimized formulation were investigated. The optimized insert formulation was found to have a relatively lower viscosity, higher diffusion, ex vivo and in vivo permeation, when compared to the optimized in situ gel. So, the lyophilized nanostructured insert could be considered as a promising carrier and transporter for drugs across the cornea with high biocompatibility and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sinar Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Chen SH, Chen SS, Chang CT, Huang CH, Fan SZ, Chen LK. The use of tenoxicam to prevent symptoms of discomfort induced by vagotonia during uterus manipulation in cesarean sections. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7624. [PMID: 28746222 PMCID: PMC5627848 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, tightness of the chest, bradycardia, and shoulder or abdominal discomfort, caused by vagotonia occurring during uterus manipulation, have concerned healthcare professionals for some time. Patients sometimes report these symptoms when undergoing spinal anesthesia for cesarean sections (CSs). We designed a prospective, double-blind study to investigate the effectiveness of tenoxicam in preventing these symptoms of discomfort. METHODS A total of 105 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I-II nulliparous pregnant women, who were scheduled for a CS, were enrolled into this prospective, double-blind study. Spinal anesthesia was conducted to reach a peak dermatome level of no more than T3. The 100 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups having completed study course: Group T (N = 50) received a 20 mg dose of tenoxicam in 5 mL of normal saline (NS) immediately after skin incision and Group N (N = 50) only received 5 mL NS. The incidence and severity of the symptoms experienced by the patients were recorded by a nurse anesthetist who was blinded to the injection regimen the patients were receiving. A chi-square test was used for statistical analysis t test and P < .05 was defined as significant. RESULTS The incidence and degree of severity of nausea and vomiting were same in both the groups. The incidence and degree of severity of bradycardia, nausea, vomiting, tightness of the chest, shoulder discomfort, and abdominal discomfort were lower in Group T than in Group N. CONCLUSION Tenoxicam might theoretically block the parasympathetic vagus pathway and decrease the visceral pain or visceral-specific symptoms, alleviating the symptoms caused by vagotonia. However, the prophylactic effect of tenoxicam in reducing the incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting was not statistically significant. This could be because nausea and vomiting are not solely caused by vagotonia, but also by other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu
| | - Shiou-Sheng Chen
- Department of Urology, Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou Branch
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University
| | - Ching-Tao Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu
| | - Chi-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital
- National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Zen Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital
- National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kuei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital
- National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Elkomy MH, El Menshawe SF, Eid HM, Ali AMA. Development of a nanogel formulation for transdermal delivery of tenoxicam: a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling approach for quantitative prediction of skin absorption. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 43:531-544. [PMID: 27910712 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1268153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates potentials of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN)-based gel for transdermal delivery of tenoxicam (TNX) and describes a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling approach for predicting concentration-time profile in skin. A 23 factorial design was adopted to study the effect of formulation factors on SLN properties and determine the optimal formulation. SLN-gel tolerability was investigated using rabbit skin irritation test. Its anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test. A published Hill model for in vitro inhibition of COX-2 enzyme was fitted to edema inhibition data. Concentration in skin was represented as a linear spline function and coefficients were estimated using non-linear regression. Uncertainty in predicted concentrations was assessed using Monte Carlo simulations. The optimized SLN was spherical vesicles (58.1 ± 3.1 nm) with adequate entrapment efficiency (69.6 ± 2.6%). The SLN-gel formulation was well-tolerated. It increased TNX activity and skin level by 40 ± 13.5, and 227 ± 116%, respectively. Average Cmax and AUC0-24 predicted by the model were 2- and 3.6-folds higher than the corresponding values computed using in vitro permeability data. SLN-gel is a safe and efficient carrier for TNX across skin in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. PK-PD modeling is a promising approach for indirect quantitation of skin deposition from PD activity data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H Elkomy
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef , Egypt
| | - Shahira F El Menshawe
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef , Egypt
| | - Hussein M Eid
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef , Egypt
| | - Ahmed M A Ali
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef , Egypt.,b Department of Pharmaceutics , Taif University , Ta'if , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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15
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Goindi S, Narula M, Kalra A. Microemulsion-Based Topical Hydrogels of Tenoxicam for Treatment of Arthritis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:597-606. [PMID: 26285672 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenoxicam (TNX) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, backache and pain. However, prolonged oral use of this drug is associated with gastrointestinal adverse events like peptic ulceration, thus necessitating its development as topical formulation that could obviate the adverse effects and improve patient compliance. The present study was aimed at development of microemulsion-based formulations of TNX for topical delivery at the affected site. The pseudoternary phase diagrams were developed and microemulsion formulations were prepared using Captex 300/oleic acid as oil, Tween 80 as surfactant and n-butanol/ethanol as co-surfactant. Optimized microemulsions were characterized for drug content, droplet size, viscosity, pH and zeta potential. The ex vivo permeation studies through Laca mice skin were performed using Franz diffusion cell assembly, and the permeation profile of the microemulsion formulation was compared with aqueous suspension of drug and drug incorporated in conventional cream. Microemulsion formulations of TNX showed significantly higher (p < 0.001) mean cumulative percent permeation values in comparison to conventional cream and suspension of drug. In vivo anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory activity of the developed TNX formulations was evaluated using various inflammatory models such as air pouch model, xylene-induced ear edema, cotton pellet granuloma and carrageenan-induced inflammation. Microemulsion formulations were found to be superior in controlling inflammation as compared to conventional topical dosage forms and showed efficacy equivalent to oral formulation. Results suggest that the developed microemulsion formulations may be used for effective topical delivery of TNX to treat various inflammatory conditions.
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16
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Abstract
Esophageal stricture, one of the important complications of corrosive esophagus, develops following edema and granulation tissue that forms during and after the inflammatory reactions. Tenoxicam, a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug with a long half-life, prevents various leukocyte functions including phagocyte and histamine secretion by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis and removes various oxygen radicals in the region of inflammation. We designed this as a histopathological study using tenoxicam in rats for which we created a corrosive esophagus model. After necessary authorizations were obtained, the study was performed in Çanakkale 18 Mart University experimental animal laboratory. Twenty-four Wistar albino rats, weighing 220-240 g, were used for the experiment. Experimental animals were randomized into three groups: tenoxicam group (group T, n:8), control group (group C, n:8), and sham group (group S, n:8). Tenoxicam 0.5 mg/kg/day was administered to animals in group T, where esophageal burn was developed experimentally, 5 mg/kg 0.9% NaCL was administered i.p. to rats in group C for 15 days, once in 24 hours. No procedure was applied to rats in group S. After 15 days, all animals were sacrificed under general anesthesia and their esophagi were extracted. As a result of histopathological evaluation, inflammation and fibroblast proliferation was not observed in rats in the sham group (group S). Intense inflammation was observed in six rats (6+/2-) in the control group, and fibroblast proliferation was observed as 5+/3-. And in treatment groups, inflammation was evaluated as 3+/5-, and fibroblast proliferation as 3+/5-. In our study, histopathologic damage score was higher in the control group (P < 0.005). We deduce that tenoxicam can be useful in the treatment of caustic esophageal injuries in the acute phase, but think that these drugs require further researches and clinical studies before routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Erbaş
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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17
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Ozkan FU, Uzer G, Türkmen I, Yildiz Y, Senol S, Ozkan K, Turkmensoy F, Ramadan S, Aktas I. Intra-articular hyaluronate, tenoxicam and vitamin E in a rat model of osteoarthritis: evaluation and comparison of chondroprotective efficacy. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:1018-1026. [PMID: 25785088 PMCID: PMC4358543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate and compare the chondroprotective efficacy of intra-articular hyaluronic acid, tenoxicam and vitamin E in osteoarthritis. METHODS An osteoarthritis model was created by anterior cruciate ligament transection and medial menisectomy in knees of 28 rats. The rats were randomized into four groups; first group served as a control group and received intra-articular injections of saline solution, intra-articular HA, intra-articular tenoxicam and intra-articular Vit E were applied to the treatment groups. First intra-articular injections were applied at second week postoperatively and repeated once a week for 5 weeks. At 8th week after the operation groups were compared based on the histologic scores of cartilage degeneration by Mankin Histological Grading Scale. RESULTS Total cartilage degeneration score was significantly increased in the control group (P=0.004). Total Mankin scores of HA, tenoxicam and Vit E groups were significantly lower than the control group (P=0.004, P=0.016, P=0.012 respectively). There was no statistically siginificant difference between the treatment groups in terms of total Mankin scores (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Intra-articular application of HA, tenoxicam and Vit E are chondroprotective in early osteoarthritis model in rats. Chondroprotective activity of tenoxicam and Vit E are comparable with the beneficial effects of HA on articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Unlu Ozkan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospitalİstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokcer Uzer
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Bezmialem University Hospitalİstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Türkmen
- Department of Othopedics and Traumatology, Medeniyet University Goztepe Education and Research Hospitalİstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Yildiz
- Department of Othopedics and Traumatology, Medeniyet University Goztepe Education and Research Hospitalİstanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Senol
- Department of Pathology, Medeniyet University Goztepe Education and Research Hospitalİstanbul, Turkey
| | - Korhan Ozkan
- Department of Othopedics and Traumatology, Medeniyet University Goztepe Education and Research Hospitalİstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Turkmensoy
- Department of Othopedics and Traumatology, Medeniyet University Goztepe Education and Research Hospitalİstanbul, Turkey
| | - Saime Ramadan
- Department of Pathology, Anadolu Saglik Merkeziİstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Aktas
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospitalİstanbul, Turkey
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18
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Chandel S, Barhate CR, Srivastava AR, Kulkarni SR, Kapadia CJ. Development and Validation of HPTLC Method for Estimation of Tenoxicam and its Formulations. Indian J Pharm Sci 2012; 74:36-40. [PMID: 23204620 PMCID: PMC3507343 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, precise, accurate and rapid high performance thin layer chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the estimation of tenoxicam in the microemulsion gels. Tenoxicam was chromatographed on silica gel 60 F(254) TLC plate, as a stationary phase. The mobile phase was toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (6:4:0.3 v/v/v), which gave a dense and compact spot of tenoxicam with a R(f) value of 0.38±0.03. The quantification was carried out at 379 nm. The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision and specificity. To justify the suitability, accuracy and precision of the proposed method, recovery studies were performed at three concentration levels. Statistical analysis proved that the proposed method is accurate and reproducible with linearity in the range of 100 to 400 ng. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for tenoxicam were 25 and 50 μg/spot, respectively. The proposed method can be employed for the routine analysis of tenoxicam as well as in pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Chandel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai-400 098, India
| | - C. R. Barhate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai-400 098, India
| | - A. R. Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai-400 098, India
| | - S. R. Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai-400 098, India
| | - C. J. Kapadia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai-400 098, India
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Cemil B, Kurt G, Aydın C, Akyurek N, Erdogan B, Ceviker N. Evaluation of tenoxicam on prevention of arachnoiditis in rat laminectomy model. Eur Spine J 2011; 20:1255-8. [PMID: 21327813 PMCID: PMC3175848 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-011-1706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Post laminectomy arachnoiditis has been shown by experiments with rats and post operative radiological imaging in humans. The purpose of this experimental study was to determine the efficacy of tenoxicam in preventing arachnoiditis in rats. Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into two groups, and L3 laminectomy was performed. In the tenoxicam group, 0.5 mg/kg tenoxicam was applied intraperitoneally. Normal saline was applied intraperitoneally in the control group. Later, the rats were killed at weeks 3 and 6, and the laminectomy sites were evaluated pathologically for arachnoiditis. The results showed that 6 weeks after surgery, the tenoxicam group showed lowest arachnoiditis grades. However, statistically significant difference was not found in arachnoiditis between the control group and the tenoxicam group. Based on these findings it is concluded that application of the tenoxicam after lumbar laminectomy did not effectively reduce arachnoiditis. Performing the most effective surgical technique without damage around tissue in a small surgical wound and having meticulous hemostasis in surgery seem to be the key for preventing arachnoiditis effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berker Cemil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fatih University Faculty of Medicine, 06510 Bestepeler, Ankara, Turkey.
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Abstract
1 Oxicams have certain distinctive properties, which distinguish them from other arylalkanoic (carboxylic) acids that show anti-inflammatory/analgesic/antipyretic activities. These include: (i) slow rates of metabolism (ii) lesser gastro-irritancy/ulcerogenicity (iii) preventing fever development (iv) some effect on the adaptive responses of the liver to severe inflammation or trauma that compromise normal hormone/xenobiotic metabolism (detoxification). 2 Isoxicam was notably less gastrotoxic than either piroxicam or tenoxicam, when given either orally or parenterally, at equipotent doses in rats.
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