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Subramanian G, Kalidasan K, Quah S, Han QCG, Chan J, Wacker MG, Sampath P. Breaking barriers: Innovative approaches for skin delivery of RNA therapeutics. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124435. [PMID: 38986965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
RNA therapeutics represent a rapidly expanding platform with game-changing prospects in personalized medicine. The disruptive potential of this technology will overhaul the standard of care with reference to both primary and specialty care. To date, RNA therapeutics have mostly been delivered parenterally via injection, but topical administration followed by intradermal or transdermal delivery represents an attractive method that is convenient to patients and minimally invasive. The skin barrier, particularly the lipid-rich stratum corneum, presents a significant hurdle to the uptake of large, charged oligonucleotide drugs. Therapeutic oligonucleotides need to be engineered for stability and specificity and formulated with state-of-the-art delivery strategies for efficient uptake. This review will cover various passive and active strategies deployed to enhance permeation through the stratum corneum and achieve effective delivery of RNA therapeutics to treat both local skin disorders and systemic diseases. Some strategies to achieve selectivity between local and systemic administration will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowtham Subramanian
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Kamaladasan Kalidasan
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Shan Quah
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Qi Chou Gavin Han
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore (NUS), 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Justin Chan
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Matthias G Wacker
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore (NUS), 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore.
| | - Prabha Sampath
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), 11 Mandalay Road #17-01 Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, #02-01 Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Program in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
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Nanoparticles for Topical Application in the Treatment of Skin Dysfunctions-An Overview of Dermo-Cosmetic and Dermatological Products. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415980. [PMID: 36555619 PMCID: PMC9780930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NM) arouse interest in various fields of science and industry due to their composition-tunable properties and the ease of modification. They appear currently as components of many consumer products such as sunscreen, dressings, sports clothes, surface-cleaning agents, computer devices, paints, as well as pharmaceutical and cosmetics formulations. The use of NPs in products for topical applications improves the permeation/penetration of the bioactive compounds into deeper layers of the skin, providing a depot effect with sustained drug release and specific cellular and subcellular targeting. Nanocarriers provide advances in dermatology and systemic treatments. Examples are a non-invasive method of vaccination, advanced diagnostic techniques, and transdermal drug delivery. The mechanism of action of NPs, efficiency of skin penetration, and potential threat to human health are still open and not fully explained. This review gives a brief outline of the latest nanotechnology achievements in products used in topical applications to prevent and treat skin diseases. We highlighted aspects such as the penetration of NPs through the skin (influence of physical-chemical properties of NPs, the experimental models for skin penetration, methods applied to improve the penetration of NPs through the skin, and methods applied to investigate the skin penetration by NPs). The review summarizes various therapies using NPs to diagnose and treat skin diseases (melanoma, acne, alopecia, vitiligo, psoriasis) and anti-aging and UV-protectant nano-cosmetics.
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Nunes R, Serra AS, Simaite A, Sousa Â. Modulation of Chitosan-TPP Nanoparticle Properties for Plasmid DNA Vaccines Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1443. [PMID: 35406316 PMCID: PMC9003200 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid vaccines have become a revolutionary technology to give a fast, safe, cost-effective and efficient response against viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2 or Human papillomavirus (HPV). However, to ensure their effectiveness, the development of adequate methods to protect, carry, and deliver nucleic acids is fundamental. In this work, nanoparticles (NPs) of chitosan (CS)-tripolyphosphate (TPP)-plasmid DNA (pDNA) were thoroughly modulated and characterized, by measuring the charge and size through dynamic light scattering (DLS) and morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Stability, cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of NPs were also evaluated. Finally, the effect of polyplexes on the expression of HPV E7 antigen in human fibroblast and RAW cells was investigated through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR. The results showed NPs with a spherical/oval shape, narrow size distribution <180 nm and positive zeta potentials (>20 mV) and good stability after one month of storage at 4 °C in formulation buffer or when incubated in culture medium and trypsin. In vitro studies of NPs cytotoxicity revealed that the elimination of formulation buffers led to an improvement in the rate of cell viability. The E7 antigen transcription was also increased for NPs obtained with high pDNA concentration (60 μg/mL). The analyzed CS-TPP-pDNA polyplexes can offer a promising vehicle for nucleic acid vaccines, not only in the prevention or treatment of viral infections, but also to fight emergent and future pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Nunes
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (R.N.); (A.S.S.)
- InoCure s.r.o, R&D Laboratory Center, Prumyslová 1960, 250 88 Celákovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Ana Sofia Serra
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (R.N.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Aiva Simaite
- InoCure s.r.o, R&D Laboratory Center, Prumyslová 1960, 250 88 Celákovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Ângela Sousa
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (R.N.); (A.S.S.)
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Alan S, Şalva E, Karakoyun B, Çakalağaoğlu F, Özbaş S, Akbuğa J. Investigation of therapeutic effects in the wound healing of chitosan/pGM-CSF complexes. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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5
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Tortajada L, Felip C, Vicent MJ. Polymer-based Non-viral Vectors for Gene Therapy in the Skin. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01485d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has emerged as a versatile technique with the potential to treat a range of human diseases; however, examples of the topical application of gene therapy as a treatment...
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Fereig SA, El-Zaafarany GM, Arafa MG, Abdel-Mottaleb MMA. Tacrolimus-loaded chitosan nanoparticles for enhanced skin deposition and management of plaque psoriasis. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 268:118238. [PMID: 34127220 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tacrolimus is a natural macrolide that exhibits an anti-proliferative action by T-lymphocytic cells inhibition. Hence, it was tested as a potential topical treatment to improve and control psoriatic plaques. In this study, for the first time the lipophilic tacrolimus in chitosan nanoparticles was used to achieve the desired response and dermal retention of the drug using a modified ionic gelation technique. The hydrophobic drug, tacrolimus, was successfully encapsulated into the synthesized positively-charged particles (140.8 nm ± 50.0) and EE of (65.5% ± 1.3). Local skin deposition of the drug was significantly enhanced with 82.0% ± 0.6 of the drug retained in the skin compared to 34.0% ± 0.9 from tarolimus® ointment. An outstanding response to the prepared formula was the enhanced hair growth rate in the treated animals, which can be considered an excellent sign of the skin recovery from the induced psoriatic plaques after only three days of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A Fereig
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City, Egypt
| | - Ghada M El-Zaafarany
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona G Arafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City, Egypt; Chemotherapeutic Unit, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona M A Abdel-Mottaleb
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Rodolfo C, Eusébio D, Ventura C, Nunes R, Florindo HF, Costa D, Sousa Â. Design of Experiments to Achieve an Efficient Chitosan-Based DNA Vaccine Delivery System. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091369. [PMID: 34575445 PMCID: PMC8471690 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In current times, DNA vaccines are seen as a promising approach to treat and prevent diseases, such as virus infections and cancer. Aiming at the production of a functional and effective plasmid DNA (pDNA) delivery system, four chitosan polymers, differing in the molecular weight, were studied using the design of experiments (DoE) tool. These gene delivery systems were formulated by ionotropic gelation and exploring the chitosan and TPP concentrations as DoE inputs to maximize the nanoparticle positive charge and minimize their size and polydispersity index (PDI) as DoE outputs. The obtained linear and quadratic models were statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) and non-significant lack of fit, with suitable coefficient of determination and the respective optimal points successfully validated. Furthermore, morphology, stability and cytotoxicity assays were performed to evaluate the endurance of these systems over time and their further potential for future in vitro studies. The subsequent optimization process was successful achieved for the delivery systems based on the four chitosan polymers, in which the smallest particle size was obtained for the carrier containing the 5 kDa chitosan (~82 nm), while the nanosystem prepared with the high molecular weight (HMW) chitosan displayed the highest zeta potential (~+26.8 mV). Delivery systems were stable in the formulation buffer after a month and did not exhibit toxicity for the cells. In this sense, DoE revealed to be a powerful tool to explore and tailor the characteristics of chitosan/pDNA nanosystems significantly contributing to unraveling an optimum carrier for advancing the DNA vaccines delivery field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rodolfo
- CICS-UBI—Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.R.); (D.E.); (C.V.); (R.N.); (D.C.)
| | - Dalinda Eusébio
- CICS-UBI—Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.R.); (D.E.); (C.V.); (R.N.); (D.C.)
| | - Cathy Ventura
- CICS-UBI—Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.R.); (D.E.); (C.V.); (R.N.); (D.C.)
| | - Renato Nunes
- CICS-UBI—Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.R.); (D.E.); (C.V.); (R.N.); (D.C.)
| | - Helena F. Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Diana Costa
- CICS-UBI—Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.R.); (D.E.); (C.V.); (R.N.); (D.C.)
| | - Ângela Sousa
- CICS-UBI—Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.R.); (D.E.); (C.V.); (R.N.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-275-329
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Sivanesan I, Gopal J, Muthu M, Shin J, Oh JW. Reviewing Chitin/Chitosan Nanofibers and Associated Nanocomposites and Their Attained Medical Milestones. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2330. [PMID: 34301087 PMCID: PMC8309474 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin/chitosan research is an expanding field with wide scope within polymer research. This topic is highly inviting as chitin/chitosan's are natural biopolymers that can be recovered from food waste and hold high potentials for medical applications. This review gives a brief overview of the chitin/chitosan based nanomaterials, their preparation methods and their biomedical applications. Chitin nanofibers and Chitosan nanofibers have been reviewed, their fabrication methods presented and their biomedical applications summarized. The chitin/chitosan based nanocomposites have also been discussed. Chitin and chitosan nanofibers and their binary and ternary composites are represented by scattered superficial reports. Delving deep into synergistic approaches, bringing up novel chitin/chitosan nanocomposites, could help diligently deliver medical expectations. This review highlights such lacunae and further lapses in chitin related inputs towards medical applications. The grey areas and future outlook for aligning chitin/chitosan nanofiber research are outlined as research directions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea;
| | - Judy Gopal
- Laboratory of Neo Natural Farming, Chunnampet 603 401, Tamil Nadu, India; (J.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Manikandan Muthu
- Laboratory of Neo Natural Farming, Chunnampet 603 401, Tamil Nadu, India; (J.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea;
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea;
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9
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Preparation methods and applications of chitosan nanoparticles; with an outlook toward reinforcement of biodegradable packaging. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Tran TT, Amalina N, Cheow WS, Hadinoto K. Effects of storage on the stability and aerosolization efficiency of dry powder inhaler formulation of plasmid DNA-Chitosan nanoparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Pang L, Abeysekera G, Hanning K, Premaratne A, Robson B, Abraham P, Sutton R, Hanson C, Hadfield J, Heiligenthal L, Stone D, McBeth K, Billington C. Water tracking in surface water, groundwater and soils using free and alginate-chitosan encapsulated synthetic DNA tracers. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 184:116192. [PMID: 32731038 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Investigating contamination pathways and hydraulic connections in complex hydrological systems will benefit greatly from multi-tracer approaches. The use of non-toxic synthetic DNA tracers is promising, because unlimited numbers of tracers, each with a unique DNA identifier, could be used concurrently and detected at extremely low concentrations. This study aimed to develop multiple synthetic DNA tracers as free molecules and encapsulated within microparticles of biocompatible and biodegradable alginate and chitosan, and to validate their field utility in different systems. Experiments encompassing a wide range of conditions and flow rates (19 cm/day-39 km/day) were conducted in a stream, an alluvial gravel aquifer, a fine coastal sand aquifer, and in lysimeters containing undisturbed silt loam over gravels. The DNA tracers were identifiable in all field conditions investigated, and they were directly detectable in the stream at a distance of at least 1 km. The DNA tracers showed promise at tracking fast-flowing water in the stream, gravel aquifer and permeable soils, but were unsatisfactory at tracking slow-moving groundwater in the fine sand aquifer. In the surface water experiments, the microencapsulated DNA tracers' concentrations and mass recoveries were 1-3 orders of magnitude greater than those of the free DNA tracers, because encapsulation protected them from environmental stressors and they were more negatively charged. The opposite was observed in the gravel aquifer, probably due to microparticle filtration by the aquifer media. Although these new DNA tracers showed promise in proof-of-concept field validations, further work is needed before they can be used for large-scale investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Pang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, PO Box 29181, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand.
| | - Gayan Abeysekera
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, PO Box 29181, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand
| | - Kyrin Hanning
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, PO Box 29181, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Aruni Premaratne
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, PO Box 29181, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand
| | - Beth Robson
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, PO Box 29181, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand
| | - Phillip Abraham
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, PO Box 29181, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand
| | - Richard Sutton
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, PO Box 29181, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand
| | - Carl Hanson
- Environment Canterbury, PO Box 345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - John Hadfield
- Waikato Regional Council, Private Bag 3038, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Laura Heiligenthal
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, PO Box 29181, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand
| | - Dana Stone
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, PO Box 29181, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand
| | - Kurt McBeth
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, PO Box 29181, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand
| | - Craig Billington
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, PO Box 29181, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand
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12
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Mohammadzadeh R, Shahim P, Akbari A. Formulation of a pH-sensitive cancer cell-targeted gene delivery system based on folate-chitosan conjugated nanoparticles. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:114-121. [PMID: 32060964 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the design and construct of a chitosan (CA)-based targeted gene delivery system and evaluated its function. To this end, CA-folic acid/pDNA (CA-FA/pDNA) nanoparticles were prepared in different formulations using the ion gelation method. All the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using FTIR, TEM, SEM and DLS. Moreover, the effects of molecular weight (MW) of CA, DNA, and CA concentration were inspected on encapsulation efficiency (EE). The results showed that the EE of pDNA was directly proportional with MW of CA and CA concentration but was in an inverse proportion with DNA concentration. In addition, high MW of CA and low MW of CA nanoparticles showed lower and higher pDNA release in all pH ranges, respectively. It is concluded that the N/P ratio increase can cause controlled pDNA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Parinaz Shahim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Ali Akbari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Cai Y, Lapitsky Y. Biomolecular uptake effects on chitosan/tripolyphosphate micro- and nanoparticle stability. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 193:111081. [PMID: 32403037 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal chitosan/tripolyphosphate (TPP) particles have attracted significant attention as potential delivery vehicles for drugs, genes and vaccines. Yet, there have been several fundamental studies that showed these particles to disintegrate at physiological pH and ionic strength levels. To reconcile these findings with the published drug, gene and vaccine delivery research where chitosan/TPP particle disintegration was not reported, it has been postulated that the particles could be stabilized by their bioactive payloads. To test this hypothesis, here we examine whether the association of chitosan/TPP particles with model anionic proteins, α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), and polynucleotides (DNA) enhances chitosan/TPP particle stability at physiological ionic strengths, using 150 mM NaCl (pH 5.5) and 1× PBS (pH 6.0) as the dissolution media. Light scattering and UV-vis spectroscopy revealed that anionic protein uptake had no impact on particle stability, likely due to the relatively weak protein/particle binding at near-physiological ionic strengths, which caused the protein to be rapidly released. This result occurred regardless of whether the protein was loaded during or after particle formation. Conversely, DNA uptake (at least at some compositions) increased the chitosan fractions persisting in a complexed/particulate form in model dissolution media, with the DNA remaining largely complexed to the chitosan at all investigated conditions. Collectively, these findings suggest that, while most bioactive payloads do not interact with chitosan strongly enough to stabilize chitosan/TPP particles, these chitosan particles can be stabilized to dissolution through the incorporation of polyanions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Cai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Yakov Lapitsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States.
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14
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Vaughan HJ, Green JJ, Tzeng SY. Cancer-Targeting Nanoparticles for Combinatorial Nucleic Acid Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1901081. [PMID: 31222852 PMCID: PMC6923623 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids are a promising type of therapeutic for the treatment of a wide range of conditions, including cancer, but they also pose many delivery challenges. For efficient and safe delivery to cancer cells, nucleic acids must generally be packaged into a vehicle, such as a nanoparticle, that will allow them to be taken up by the target cells and then released in the appropriate cellular compartment to function. As with other types of therapeutics, delivery vehicles for nucleic acids must also be designed to avoid unwanted side effects; thus, the ability of such carriers to target their cargo to cancer cells is crucial. Classes of nucleic acids, hurdles that must be overcome for effective intracellular delivery, types of nonviral nanomaterials used as delivery vehicles, and the different strategies that can be employed to target nucleic acid delivery specifically to tumor cells are discussed. Additonally, nanoparticle designs that facilitate multiplexed delivery of combinations of nucleic acids are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Smith Building 5001, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Smith Building 5001, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Stephany Y Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Smith Building 5001, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
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An Y, Park MJ, Lee J, Ko J, Kim S, Kang DH, Hwang NS. Recent Advances in the Transdermal Delivery of Protein Therapeutics with a Combinatorial System of Chemical Adjuvants and Physical Penetration Enhancements. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young‐Hyeon An
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Mihn Jeong Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringSeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringSeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyeon Ko
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Su‐Hwan Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringSeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringSeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S. Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringSeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- BioMAX Institute, Institute of BioengineeringSeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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16
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Chen Y, Feng X, Meng S. Site-specific drug delivery in the skin for the localized treatment of skin diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:847-867. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1645119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xun Feng
- Department of Sanitary Inspection, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengnan Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Polymeric Nanoparticles in Gene Therapy: New Avenues of Design and Optimization for Delivery Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11040745. [PMID: 31027272 PMCID: PMC6523186 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of polymeric nanoparticles is quickly expanding and playing a pivotal role in a wide spectrum of areas ranging from electronics, photonics, conducting materials, and sensors to medicine, pollution control, and environmental technology. Among the applications of polymers in medicine, gene therapy has emerged as one of the most advanced, with the capability to tackle disorders from the modern era. However, there are several barriers associated with the delivery of genes in the living system that need to be mitigated by polymer engineering. One of the most crucial challenges is the effectiveness of the delivery vehicle or vector. In last few decades, non-viral delivery systems have gained attention because of their low toxicity, potential for targeted delivery, long-term stability, lack of immunogenicity, and relatively low production cost. In 1987, Felgner et al. used the cationic lipid based non-viral gene delivery system for the very first time. This breakthrough opened the opportunity for other non-viral vectors, such as polymers. Cationic polymers have emerged as promising candidates for non-viral gene delivery systems because of their facile synthesis and flexible properties. These polymers can be conjugated with genetic material via electrostatic attraction at physiological pH, thereby facilitating gene delivery. Many factors influence the gene transfection efficiency of cationic polymers, including their structure, molecular weight, and surface charge. Outstanding representatives of polymers that have emerged over the last decade to be used in gene therapy are synthetic polymers such as poly(l-lysine), poly(l-ornithine), linear and branched polyethyleneimine, diethylaminoethyl-dextran, poly(amidoamine) dendrimers, and poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate). Natural polymers, such as chitosan, dextran, gelatin, pullulan, and synthetic analogs, with sophisticated features like guanidinylated bio-reducible polymers were also explored. This review outlines the introduction of polymers in medicine, discusses the methods of polymer synthesis, addressing top down and bottom up techniques. Evaluation of functionalization strategies for therapeutic and formulation stability are also highlighted. The overview of the properties, challenges, and functionalization approaches and, finally, the applications of the polymeric delivery systems in gene therapy marks this review as a unique one-stop summary of developments in this field.
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Ye Y, Wang J, Sun W, Bomba HN, Gu Z. Topical and Transdermal Nanomedicines for Cancer Therapy. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01775-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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19
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Gorgieva S, Vuherer T, Kokol V. Autofluorescence-aided assessment of integration and μ-structuring in chitosan/gelatin bilayer membranes with rapidly mineralized interface in relevance to guided tissue regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 93:226-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Nan W, Ding L, Chen H, Khan FU, Yu L, Sui X, Shi X. Topical Use of Quercetin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Against Ultraviolet B Radiation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:826. [PMID: 30140227 PMCID: PMC6095008 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation is a major risk factor for human skin damage, especially solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) which can induce inflammation, photoaging, and skin cancer. Quercetin (Qu), one of flavonoid family members, has showed protective effects against UVB radiation. However, its application for topical use is limited by low hydrophilicity and poor percutaneous absorption. Herein, we found that Qu, if entrapped into TPP-Chitosan nanoparticles (TCs), can be efficiently uptake by HaCaT cells and easily permeate through the epidermis layer, meanwhile display better stability and low cytotoxicity. We also found that Qu-loaded TCs (QTCs) could notably enhance the effect of Qu on inhibiting the NF-kB/COX-2 signaling pathway as well as ameliorating the skin edema caused by UVB radiation. Therefore, this study provided a method to get rid of Qu's low hydrophilicity, enhance its percutaneous absorption and retention in the skin, and further improve its anti-UVB effect, and demonstrated that Qu-loaded chitosan nanoparticles can be used as the therapeutic agent for topical use against UVB radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Nan
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Houjie Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fahim U. Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Shenzhen Modo Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Jijie R, Barras A, Boukherroub R, Szunerits S. Nanomaterials for transdermal drug delivery: beyond the state of the art of liposomal structures. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8653-8675. [PMID: 32264260 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02529g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of biomedical materials have been proposed to meet the different needs for controlled oral or intravenous drug delivery. The advantages of oral delivery such as self-administration of a pre-determined drug dose at defined time intervals makes it the most convenient means for the delivery of small molecular drugs. It fails however to delivery therapeutic macromolecules due to rapid degradation in the stomach and size-limited transport across the epithelium. The primary mode of administration of macromolecules is presently via injection. This administration mode is not without limitations, as the invasive nature of injections elicits pain and decreases patients' compliance. Alternative routes for drug delivery have been looked for, one being the skin. Delivery of drugs via the skin is based on the therapeutics penetrating the stratum corneum (SC) with the advantage of overcoming first-pass metabolism of drugs, to deliver drugs with a short-half-life time more easily and to eliminate frequent administrations to maintain constant drug delivery. The transdermal market still remains limited to a narrow range of drugs. The low permeability of the SC to water-soluble and macromolecular drugs poses significant challenges to transdermal administration via passive diffusion through the skin, as is the case for all topically administered drug formulations intended to bring the therapeutic into the general circulation. To widen the scope of drugs for transdermal delivery, new procedures to enhance skin permeation to hydrophilic drugs and macromolecules are under development. Next to the integration of skin enhancers into pharmaceutical formulations, nanoparticles based on lipid carriers have been widely considered and reviewed. While being briefly reviewed here, the main focus of this article is on current advancements using polymeric and metallic nanoparticles. Next to these passive technologies, the handful of active technologies for local and systemic transdermal drug delivery will be discussed and put into perspective. While passive approaches dominate the literature and the transdermal market, active delivery based on microneedles or iontophoresis approaches have shown great promise for transdermal drug delivery and have entered the market, in the last decade. This review gives an overall idea of the current activities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Jijie
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Univ. Valenciennes, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Gul R, Ahmed N, Shah KU, Khan GM, Asim Ur Rehman. Functionalised nanostructures for transdermal delivery of drug cargos. J Drug Target 2017; 26:110-122. [PMID: 28854819 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1374388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has burgeoned over last decade exploring varieties of novel applications in all areas of science and technology. Utilisation of bio-friendly polymers for engineering nanostructures (NS) improves safety and efficacy in drug delivery. Biopolymers not merely employed for fabricating drug carriers but also leveraged for surface functionalisation of other NS to impart bio-mimicking properties. Biopolymer functionalised NS garnered researcher's attention because of their potential to enhance skin permeability of drug cargo. Biopolymers, i.e. cell-penetrating peptides (CPP), chitosan and hyaluronic acid not only enhance skin permeability but also add multiple functions due to their intrinsic biomimetic properties. This multifunctional drug delivery system is a promising tool to achieve skin delivery of large number of therapeutic agents. In this review, functionalisation of NS with biopolymers particularly polysaccharides and polypeptides is discussed in detail. In particular, applications of these functionalised NS for TDDS is elaborated. Moreover, this review provides framework for elaborating importance of functionalisation of NS to enhance skin permeability and depicts advantages of biopolymers to construct more biocompatible carriers for drug cargos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Gul
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid.i.Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid.i.Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Kifayat Ullah Shah
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid.i.Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid.i.Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Asim Ur Rehman
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid.i.Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
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23
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Kaban K, Salva E, Akbuga J. In Vitro Dose Studies on Chitosan Nanoplexes for microRNA Delivery in Breast Cancer Cells. Nucleic Acid Ther 2016; 27:45-55. [PMID: 27763825 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2016.0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression levels that play important roles in regulation lead to many pathological events such as cancer. The miR-200 family is an important target in cancer therapy. The aim of this study is to equilibrate endogenous levels between cancer and noncancerous cells to prevent serious side effects of miR-200c- and miR-141-like metastatic colonization. For the first time, the characterization of miR-200c and miR-141 cluster containing chitosan nanoplexes was shown, and the optimization of miRNA expression levels by conducting dose studies in breast cancer cell lines was made. The mean diameter of chitosan/miR-141 and chitosan/miR-200c nanoplexes ranged from 296 to 355 nm and from 294 to 380 nm depending on the N/P ratio, respectively. The surface charge of nanoplexes was positive with zeta potential of +12 to +26 mV. While naked miRNA was degraded after 0 min in a 10% serum-containing medium, chitosan/miRNA nanoplexes were protected for 72 h. During the in vitro cellular uptake study, nanoplexes were observed to be accumulating in the cytoplasm or nucleus. After using different doses for miR-200c, the determined doses are 750, 100, and 750 ng in the MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-435 cell lines, respectively. Doses were determined as 100 ng for MDA-MB-231 and 150 ng for MDA-MB-435 to reach endogenous miR-141 levels of MCF-10A. Our results suggest that chitosan nanoplexes for miR-200c and miR-141 are an efficient delivery system in terms of formulation and transfection. As a conclusion, dose studies are important to provide effective treatment with miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Kaban
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Salva
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Julide Akbuga
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey
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24
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Natarajan J, Baskaran M, Humtsoe LC, Vadivelan R, Justin A. Enhanced brain targeting efficacy of Olanzapine through solid lipid nanoparticles. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:364-371. [PMID: 27002542 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2016.1160402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Olanzapine (OLZ) is a typical anti-psychotic drug, which is highly lipophilic in nature, belongs to Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II category. Though OLZ is an effective agent in the treatment of Schizophrenia, but it exhibits poor bioavailability (57%) due to extensive first-pass metabolism resulted in high dose is required to achieve therapeutic concentration in brain. Emerging evidences are indicating that high dose administration of OLZ may cause Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) in the psychotic patients. Hence, the present study is designed to develop Olanzapine solid lipid (OLZ-SLNs) using minimal dose of OLZ thereby enhancing the brain efficacy as well as to reduce the side effects associated with OLZ. OLZ-SLNs have been prepared by "solvent diffusion method" using lipids, such as glyceryl monostearate (GMS), tripalmitin (TP), Tween 80, and Stearyl amine as positive charge inducer. The prepared OLZ-SLNs were subjected to particle size analysis, zeta potential, and poly dispersity index measurement by using Malvern Zetasizer. Pharmacokinetics assessments of OLZ-SLNs were carried in conscious male Wistar rats through intravenous administration. Results have shown that average particle size and zeta potential of SLNs of GMS and TP were ranged from 165.1 ± 2.2 to 110.5 ± 0.5 and 35.29 ± 1.2 and 66.50 ± 0.7 mV, respectively. Relative bioavailability of OLZ in the brain was increased up to 23-fold and clearance was decreased when OLZ-SLNs while administrated intravenously. The area under the curve (AUC) and mean residence time (MRT) of OLZ-SLNs in brain were higher than OLZ suspension. These results indicate that SLNs are a promising drug delivery for OLZ. It may be an effective tool to enhance the bioavailability of OLZ in the brain with less dose administration, which could reduce the EPS associated with OLZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawahar Natarajan
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam , JSS University , Mysore , India
| | - Mahendran Baskaran
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam , JSS University , Mysore , India
| | - Lireni C Humtsoe
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam , JSS University , Mysore , India
| | - R Vadivelan
- b Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam , JSS University , Mysore , India
| | - A Justin
- b Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam , JSS University , Mysore , India
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25
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Ahmed TA, Aljaeid BM. Preparation, characterization, and potential application of chitosan, chitosan derivatives, and chitosan metal nanoparticles in pharmaceutical drug delivery. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:483-507. [PMID: 26869768 PMCID: PMC4734734 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s99651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring polymers, particularly of the polysaccharide type, have been used pharmaceutically for the delivery of a wide variety of therapeutic agents. Chitosan, the second abundant naturally occurring polysaccharide next to cellulose, is a biocompatible and biodegradable mucoadhesive polymer that has been extensively used in the preparation of micro-as well as nanoparticles. The prepared particles have been exploited as a potential carrier for different therapeutic agents such as peptides, proteins, vaccines, DNA, and drugs for parenteral and nonparenteral administration. Therapeutic agent-loaded chitosan micro- or nanoparticles were found to be more stable, permeable, and bioactive. In this review, we are highlighting the different methods of preparation and characterization of chitosan micro- and nanoparticles, while reviewing the pharmaceutical applications of these particles in drug delivery. Moreover, the roles of chitosan derivatives and chitosan metal nanoparticles in drug delivery have been illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bader M Aljaeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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26
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Venkatesh DN, Baskaran M, Karri VVSR, Mannemala SS, Radhakrishna K, Goti S. Fabrication and in vivo evaluation of Nelfinavir loaded PLGA nanoparticles for enhancing oral bioavailability and therapeutic effect. Saudi Pharm J 2015; 23:667-74. [PMID: 26702262 PMCID: PMC4669422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nelfinavir mesylate (NFV) is an anti-viral drug, used in the treatment of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Poor oral bioavailability and shorter half-life (3.5-5 h) remain a major clinical limitation of NFV leading to unpredictable drug bioavailability and frequent dosing. In this context, the objective of the present study was to formulate NFV loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs), which can increase the solubility and oral bioavailability along with sustained release of the drug. NFV loaded PLGA-NPs were prepared by nanoprecipitation method using PLGA and Poloxomer 407. The prepared NPs were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, morphology, drug content, entrapment efficiency (EE) and in vitro dissolution studies. Oral bioavailability studies were carried out in New Zealand rabbits by administering developed NFV PLGA-NPs and pure drug suspension. PLGA-NPs prepared by using 1:4 ratio of drug and PLGA, with a stirring rate of 1500 rpm for 4 h. The prepared NPs were in the size of 185 ± 0.83 nm with a zeta potential of 28.7 ± 0.09 mV. The developed NPs were found to be spherical with uniform size distribution. The drug content and EE of the optimized formulation were found to be 36 ± 0.19% and 72 ± 0.47% respectively. After oral administration of NFV PLGA-NPs, the relative bioavailability was enhanced about 4.94 fold compared to NFV suspension as a control. The results describe an effective strategy for oral delivery of NFV loaded PLGA NPs that helps in enhancing bioavailability and reduce the frequency of dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Nagasamy Venkatesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS University, Mysore 643001, India
| | - Mahendran Baskaran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS University, Mysore 643001, India
| | | | - Sai Sandeep Mannemala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS University, Mysore, India
- Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kollipara Radhakrishna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS University, Mysore 643001, India
| | - Sandip Goti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS University, Mysore, India
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27
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Zakrewsky M, Kumar S, Mitragotri S. Nucleic acid delivery into skin for the treatment of skin disease: Proofs-of-concept, potential impact, and remaining challenges. J Control Release 2015; 219:445-456. [PMID: 26385169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids (NAs) hold significant potential for the treatment of several diseases. Topical delivery of NAs for the treatment of skin diseases is especially advantageous since it bypasses the challenges associated with systemic administration which suffers from enzymatic degradation, systemic toxicity and lack of targeting to skin. However, the skin's protective barrier function limits the delivery of NAs into skin after topical application. Here, we highlight strategies for enhancing delivery of NAs into skin, and provide evidence that translation of topical NA therapies could have a transformative impact on the treatment of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zakrewsky
- Center for Bioengineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Sunny Kumar
- Center for Bioengineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Center for Bioengineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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28
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Şalva E, Turan SÖ, Ekentok C, Akbuğa J. Generation of stable cell line by using chitosan as gene delivery system. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:1033-8. [PMID: 26134852 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing stable cell lines are useful tools to study the function of various genes and silence or induce the expression of a gene of interest. Nonviral gene transfer is generally preferred to generate stable cell lines in the manufacturing of recombinant proteins. In this study, we aimed to establish stable recombinant HEK-293 cell lines by transfection of chitosan complexes preparing with pDNA which contain LacZ and GFP genes. Chitosan which is a cationic polymer was used as gene delivery system. Stable HEK-293 cell lines were established by transfection of cells with complexes which were prepared with chitosan and pVitro-2 plasmid vector that contains neomycin drug resistance gene, beta gal and GFP genes. The transfection efficiency was shown with GFP expression in the cells using fluorescence microscopy. Beta gal protein expression in stable cells was examined by beta-galactosidase assay as enzymatically and X-gal staining method as histochemically. Full complexation was shown in the above of 1/1 ratio in the chitosan/pDNA complexes. The highest beta-galactosidase activity was obtained with transfection of chitosan complexes. Beta gal gene expression was 15.17 ng/ml in the stable cells generated by chitosan complexes. In addition, intensive blue color was observed depending on beta gal protein expression in the stable cell line with X-gal staining. We established a stable HEK-293 cell line that can be used for recombinant protein production or gene expression studies by transfecting the gene of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Şalva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Suna Özbaş Turan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceyda Ekentok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jülide Akbuğa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Lucia U, Grazzini G, Montrucchio B, Grisolia G, Borchiellini R, Gervino G, Castagnoli C, Ponzetto A, Silvagno F. Constructal thermodynamics combined with infrared experiments to evaluate temperature differences in cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11587. [PMID: 26100383 PMCID: PMC4650705 DOI: 10.1038/srep11587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate differences in energy flows between normal and immortalized cells when these distinct biological systems are exposed to environmental stimulation. These differences were considered using a constructal thermodynamic approach, and were subsequently verified experimentally. The application of constructal law to cell analysis led to the conclusion that temperature differences between cells with distinct behaviour can be amplified by interaction between cells and external fields. Experimental validation of the principle was carried out on two cellular models exposed to electromagnetic fields. By infrared thermography we were able to assess small changes in heat dissipation measured as a variation in cell internal energy. The experimental data thus obtained are in agreement with the theoretical calculation, because they show a different thermal dispersion pattern when normal and immortalized cells are exposed to electromagnetic fields. By using two methods that support and validate each other, we have demonstrated that the cell/environment interaction can be exploited to enhance cell behavior differences, in particular heat dissipation. We propose infrared thermography as a technique effective in discriminating distinct patterns of thermal dispersion and therefore able to distinguish a normal phenotype from a transformed one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Lucia
- Dipartimento Energia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grazzini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Firenze, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Montrucchio
- Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisolia
- Dipartimento Energia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Romano Borchiellini
- Dipartimento Energia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Gervino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Carlotta Castagnoli
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistiche, Banca della Cute, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Via Zuretti 29, 10126 Torino
| | - Antonio Ponzetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università di Torino, corso A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino
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Azagury A, Khoury L, Enden G, Kost J. Ultrasound mediated transdermal drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 72:127-43. [PMID: 24463344 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery offers an attractive alternative to the conventional drug delivery methods of oral administration and injections. However, the stratum corneum serves as a barrier that limits the penetration of substances to the skin. Application of ultrasound (US) irradiation to the skin increases its permeability (sonophoresis) and enables the delivery of various substances into and through the skin. This review presents the main findings in the field of sonophoresis in transdermal drug delivery as well as transdermal monitoring and the mathematical models associated with this field. Particular attention is paid to the proposed enhancement mechanisms and future trends in the fields of cutaneous vaccination and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aharon Azagury
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Luai Khoury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Giora Enden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Joseph Kost
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
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Şalva E, Turan SO, Kabasakal L, Alan S, Özkan N, Eren F, Akbuğa J. Investigation of the Therapeutic Efficacy of Codelivery of psiRNA–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and pIL-4 into Chitosan Nanoparticles in the Breast Tumor Model. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:785-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Dou C, Lay F, Ansari AM, Rees DJ, Ahmed AK, Kovbasnjuk O, Matsangos AE, Du J, Hosseini SM, Steenbergen C, Fox-Talbot K, Tabor AT, Williams JA, Liu L, Marti GP, Harmon JW. Strengthening the skin with topical delivery of keratinocyte growth factor-1 using a novel DNA plasmid. Mol Ther 2014; 22:752-61. [PMID: 24434934 PMCID: PMC3982499 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile skin, susceptible to decubitus ulcers and incidental trauma, is a problem particularly for the elderly and for those with spinal cord injury. Here, we present a simple approach to strengthen the skin by the topical delivery of keratinocyte growth factor-1 (KGF-1) DNA. In initial feasibility studies with the novel minimalized, antibiotic-free DNA expression vector, NTC8385-VA1, the reporter genes luciferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein were delivered. Transfection was documented when luciferase expression significantly increased after transfection. Microscopic imaging of enhanced green fluorescent protein-transfected skin showed green fluorescence in hair follicles, hair shafts, and dermal and superficial epithelial cells. With KGF-1 transfection, KGF-1 mRNA level and protein production were documented with quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Epithelial thickness of the transfected skin in the KGF group was significantly increased compared with the control vector group (26 ± 2 versus 16 ± 4 µm) at 48 hours (P = 0.045). Dermal thickness tended to be increased in the KGF group (255 ± 36 versus 162 ± 16 µm) at 120 hours (P = 0.057). Biomechanical assessment showed that the KGF-1-treated skin was significantly stronger than control vector-transfected skin. These findings indicate that topically delivered KGF-1 DNA plasmid can increase epithelial thickness and strength, demonstrating the potential of this approach to restore compromised skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Dou
- 1] Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China [2] Department of Surgery and Hendrix Burn/Wound Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank Lay
- Department of Surgery and Hendrix Burn/Wound Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amir Mehdi Ansari
- Department of Surgery and Hendrix Burn/Wound Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Donald J Rees
- Department of Surgery and Hendrix Burn/Wound Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ali Karim Ahmed
- Department of Surgery and Hendrix Burn/Wound Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olga Kovbasnjuk
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aerielle E Matsangos
- Department of Surgery and Hendrix Burn/Wound Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Junkai Du
- Department of Surgery and Hendrix Burn/Wound Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sayed Mohammad Hosseini
- Department of Surgery and Hendrix Burn/Wound Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen Fox-Talbot
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Surgery and Hendrix Burn/Wound Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guy P Marti
- Department of Surgery and Hendrix Burn/Wound Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John W Harmon
- Department of Surgery and Hendrix Burn/Wound Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Rancan F, Blume-Peytavi U, Vogt A. Utilization of biodegradable polymeric materials as delivery agents in dermatology. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2014; 7:23-34. [PMID: 24470766 PMCID: PMC3891488 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s39559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymeric materials are ideal carrier systems for biomedical applications. Features like controlled and sustained delivery, improved drug pharmacokinetics, reduced side effects and safe degradation make the use of these materials very attractive in a lot of medical fields, with dermatology included. A number of studies have shown that particle-based formulations can improve the skin penetration of topically applied drugs. However, for a successful translation of these promising results into a clinical application, a more rational approach is needed to take into account the different properties of diseased skin and the fate of these polymeric materials after topical application. In fact, each pathological skin condition poses different challenges and the way diseased skin interacts with polymeric carriers might be markedly different to that of healthy skin. In most inflammatory skin conditions, the skin's barrier is impaired and the local immune system is activated. A better understanding of such mechanisms has the potential to improve the efficacy of carrier-based dermatotherapy. Such knowledge would allow the informed choice of the type of polymeric carrier depending on the skin condition to be treated, the type of drug to be loaded, and the desired release kinetics. Furthermore, a better control of polymer degradation and release properties in accordance with the skin environment would improve the safety and the selectivity of drug release. This review aims at summarizing the current knowledge on how polymeric delivery systems interact with healthy and diseased skin, giving an overview of the challenges that different pathological skin conditions pose to the development of safer and more specific dermatotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Rancan
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Vogt
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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Zhang Z, Tsai PC, Ramezanli T, Michniak-Kohn BB. Polymeric nanoparticles-based topical delivery systems for the treatment of dermatological diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 5:205-18. [PMID: 23386536 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human skin not only functions as a permeation barrier (mainly because of the stratum corneum layer) but also provides a unique delivery pathway for therapeutic and other active agents. These compounds penetrate via intercellular, intracellular, and transappendageal routes, resulting in topical delivery (into skin strata) and transdermal delivery (to subcutaneous tissues and into the systemic circulation). Passive and active permeation enhancement methods have been widely applied to increase the cutaneous penetration. The pathology, pathogenesis, and topical treatment approaches of dermatological diseases, such as psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and skin cancer, are then discussed. Recent literature has demonstrated that nanoparticles-based topical delivery systems can be successful in treating these skin conditions. The studies are reviewed starting with the nanoparticles based on natural polymers especially chitosan, followed by those made of synthetic, degradable (aliphatic polyesters), and nondegradable (polyacrylates) polymers; emphasis is given to nanospheres made of polymers derived from naturally occurring metabolites, the tyrosine-derived nanospheres (TyroSpheres™). In summary, the nanoparticles-based topical delivery systems combine the advantages of both the nanosized drug carriers and the topical approach, and are promising for the treatment of skin diseases. For the perspectives, the penetration of ultra-small nanoparticles (size smaller than 40 nm) into skin strata, the targeted delivery of the encapsulated drugs to hair follicle stem cells, and the combination of nanoparticles and microneedle array technologies for special applications such as vaccine delivery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- The New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Sezer AD, Cevher E. Topical drug delivery using chitosan nano- and microparticles. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:1129-46. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.702752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
What are nanoparticles and why are they important in dermatology? These questions are addressed by highlighting recent developments in the nanotechnology field that have increased the potential for intentional and unintentional nanoparticle skin exposure. The role of environmental factors in the interaction of nanoparticles with skin and the potential mechanisms by which nanoparticles may influence skin response to environmental factors are discussed. Trends emerging from recent literature suggest that the positive benefit of engineered nanoparticles for use in cosmetics and as tools for understanding skin biology and curing skin disease outweigh potential toxicity concerns. Discoveries reported in this journal are highlighted. This review begins with a general introduction to the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine. This is followed by a discussion of the current state of understanding of nanoparticle skin penetration and their use in three therapeutic applications. Challenges that must be overcome to derive clinical benefit from the application of nanotechnology to skin are discussed last, providing perspective on the significant opportunity that exists for future studies in investigative dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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Mehmet Saka O, Bozkir A. Formulation and in vitro characterization of PEGylated chitosan and polyethylene imine polymers with thrombospondin-I gene bearing pDNA. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 100:984-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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