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Roohvand F, Ehsani P, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M, Shokri M, Kossari N. Biomedical applications of yeasts - a patent view, part two: era of humanized yeasts and expanded applications. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:609-631. [PMID: 32529867 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1781816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Yeast humanization, ranging from a simple point mutation to substitution of yeast gene(s) or even a complete pathway by human counterparts has enormously expanded yeast biomedical applications. AREAS COVERED General and patent-oriented insights into the application of native and humanized yeasts for production of human glycoproteins (gps) and antibodies (Abs), toxicity/mutagenicity assays, treatments of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and potential drug delivery as a probiotic (with emphasis on Saccharomyces bulardii) and studies on human diseases/cancers and screening effective drugs. EXPERT OPINION Humanized yeasts cover the classical advantageous features of a 'microbial eukaryote' together with advanced human cellular processes. These unique characteristics would permit their use in the production of functional and stable therapeutic gps and Abs in lower prices compared to mammalian (CHO) production-based systems. Availability of yeasts humanized for cytochrome P450 s will expand their application in metabolism-related chemical toxicity assays. Engineered S. bulardii for expression of human proteins might expand its application by synergistically combining the probiotic activity with the treatment of metabolic diseases such as phenylketonuria via GI-delivery. Yeast models of human diseases will facilitate rapid functional/phenotypic characterization of the disease-producing mutant genes and screening of the therapeutic compounds using yeast-based high-throughput research techniques (Yeast one/two hybrid systems) and viability assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Roohvand
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Ehsani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Shokri
- ; Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Kossari
- ; Universite de Versailles, Service de ne 'phrologie-transplantation re'nale, Hopital Foch, 40 rue Worth, Suresnes , Paris, France
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Development of reporter gene assays to determine the bioactivity of biopharmaceuticals. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 39:107466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Reynaldo-Fernández G, Solozábal J, Amaro D, Fernández-Sánchez EM, Rodríguez-Vera L, Bermejo M, Mangas-Sanjuan V, Troconiz IF. Semi-mechanistic Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic model of three pegylated rHuEPO and ior®EPOCIM in New Zealand rabbits. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 120:123-132. [PMID: 29729414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Marketed formulations of erythropoietin (EPO) ior®EPOCIM, MIRCERA® and two newly developed pegylated-EPO analogues (PEG-EPO 32 and 40 kDa) formulations were intravenously administered to New Zealand rabbits. A semi-mechanistic Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model describing in a simultaneous and integrated form the time course of reticulocytes, red blood cells and hemoglobin was built to account for the time course of hematopoiesis stimulation after erythropoietin administration. Data analysis was performed based on the population approach with the software NONMEM version 7.3. Erythropoietin disposition of each of the administered formulations was best described with a two compartment model and linear elimination. Different formulations show different clearance and apparent volume of distribution of the central compartment but share estimates of inter-compartmental clearance and apparent peripheral volume of distribution. A semi-mechanistic model including cell proliferation, maturation, and homeostatic regulation provided a good description of the data regardless the type of erythropoietin formulation administered. The system-, and drug-related parameters showed consistency and differed across formulations, respectively. A single IV administration of PEG-EPO 32 and 40 kDa formulations in New Zealand rabbits achieves a median change of 27% and 22% on RET levels, and of 47% and 63% on RBC and HGB levels, respectively compared to MIRCERA®. The administration of new branched PEG-chains formulations improves PK and PD properties of EPO, in terms of increasing elimination half-lives and pharmacological activity on RET, RBC and HGB compared to commercially available formulations (ior®EPOCIM and MIRCERA®).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Reynaldo-Fernández
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy & Foods, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - D Amaro
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Cuba
| | - E M Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy & Foods, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - L Rodríguez-Vera
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy & Foods, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - M Bermejo
- Engineering: Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, Spain
| | - V Mangas-Sanjuan
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, University of Valencia, Spain; Institute of Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), Joint Centre of Polytechnic University of Valencia and University of Valencia, Spain.
| | - I F Troconiz
- Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Hoffmann E, Streichert K, Nischan N, Seitz C, Brunner T, Schwagerus S, Hackenberger CPR, Rubini M. Stabilization of bacterially expressed erythropoietin by single site-specific introduction of short branched PEG chains at naturally occurring glycosylation sites. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 12:1750-5. [PMID: 26776361 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00857c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to therapeutic proteins can improve their physicochemical properties. In this work we utilized the non-natural amino acid p-azidophenylalanine (pAzF) in combination with the chemoselective Staudinger-phosphite reaction to install branched PEG chains to recombinant unglycosylated erythropoietin (EPO) at each single naturally occurring glycosylation site. PEGylation with two short 750 or 2000 Da PEG units at positions 24, 38, or 83 significantly decreased unspecific aggregation and proteolytic degradation while biological activity in vitro was preserved or even increased in comparison to full-glycosylated EPO. This site-specific bioconjugation approach permits to analyse the impact of PEGylation at single positions. These results represent an important step towards the engineering of site-specifically modified EPO variants from bacterial expression with increased therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hoffmann
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Konstanz, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - K Streichert
- Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, D-13125 Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - N Nischan
- Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, D-13125 Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - C Seitz
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - T Brunner
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - S Schwagerus
- Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, D-13125 Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - C P R Hackenberger
- Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, D-13125 Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - M Rubini
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Konstanz, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany.
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Mouser CL, Antoniou ES, Tadros J, Vassiliou EK. A model of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation under the influence of a chemotherapeutic agent in combination with a hematopoietic inducing agent. Theor Biol Med Model 2014; 11:4. [PMID: 24438084 PMCID: PMC3899742 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-11-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoiesis is a complex process that encompasses both pro-mitotic and anti-mitotic stimuli. Pharmacological agents used in chemotherapy have a prominent anti-mitotic effect. The approach of inhibiting cell proliferation is rational with respect to the rapidly dividing malignant cells. However, it poses a serious problem with respect to cell proliferation of cell types required for the 'house-keeping' operations of the human body. One such affected system is hematopoiesis. Chemotherapy induced anemia is an undesired side effect of chemotherapy that can lead to serious complications. Patients exhibiting anemia or leukopenia during chemotherapy are frequently administered a hematopoietic inducing agent that enhances hematopoiesis. METHODS In previous work, we derived a mathematical model consisting of a set of delay differential equations that was dependent on the effect of a hematopoietic inducing agent. The aim of the current work was to formulate a mathematical model that captures both the effect of a chemotherapeutic agent in combination with a hematopoietic inducing agent. Steady state solutions and stability analysis of the system of equations is performed and numerical simulations of the stem cell population are provided. RESULTS Numerical simulations confirm that our mathematical model captures the desired result which is that the use of hematopoietic agents in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents can decrease the negative secondary effects often experienced by patients. CONCLUSIONS The proposed model indicates that the introduction of hematopoietic inducing agents have clinical potential to offset the deleterious effects of chemotherapy treatment. Furthermore, the proposed model is relevant in that it enhances the understanding of stem cell dynamics and provides insight on the stem cell kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Mouser
- Department of Mathematics, William Paterson University, 300 Pompton Rd, Wayne N,J, 07470, USA.
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Mero A, Fang Z, Pasut G, Veronese FM, Viegas TX. Selective conjugation of poly(2-ethyl 2-oxazoline) to granulocyte colony stimulating factor. J Control Release 2012; 159:353-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Nett JH, Gomathinayagam S, Hamilton SR, Gong B, Davidson RC, Du M, Hopkins D, Mitchell T, Mallem MR, Nylen A, Shaikh SS, Sharkey N, Barnard GC, Copeland V, Liu L, Evers R, Li Y, Gray PM, Lingham RB, Visco D, Forrest G, DeMartino J, Linden T, Potgieter TI, Wildt S, Stadheim TA, d'Anjou M, Li H, Sethuraman N. Optimization of erythropoietin production with controlled glycosylation-PEGylated erythropoietin produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2011; 157:198-206. [PMID: 22100268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Pichia pastoris is a methylotropic yeast that has gained great importance as an organism for protein expression in recent years. Here, we report the expression of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) in glycoengineered P. pastoris. We show that glycosylation fidelity is maintained in fermentation volumes spanning six orders of magnitude and that the protein can be purified to high homogeneity. In order to increase the half-life of rhEPO, the purified protein was coupled to polyethylene glycol (PEG) and then compared to the currently marketed erythropoiesis stimulating agent, Aranesp(®) (darbepoetin). In in vitro cell proliferation assays the PEGylated protein was slightly, and the non-PEGylated protein was significantly more active than comparator. Pharmacodynamics as well as pharmacokinetic activity of PEGylated rhEPO in animals was comparable to that of Aranesp(®). Taken together, our results show that glycoengineered P. pastoris is a suitable production host for rhEPO, yielding an active biologic that is comparable to those produced in current mammalian host systems.
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Maleki A, Madadkar-Sobhani A, Roohvand F, Najafabadi AR, Shafiee A, Khanahmad H, Cohan RA, Namvar N, Tajerzadeh H. Design, modeling, and expression of erythropoietin cysteine analogs in Pichia pastoris: improvement of mean residence times and in vivo activities through cysteine-specific PEGylation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 80:499-507. [PMID: 22068050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the low-cost production of recombinant human erythropoietin cysteine analogs (Cys-rhEPOs) from Pichia pastoris and the potential to increase their serum residency and in vivo activity through cysteine-specific PEGylation were investigated. Three-dimensional structures of several Cys-rhEPOs were generated using homology modeling, and three stable Cys-rhEPOs were selected on the basis of model stability in molecular dynamics simulation and surface accessibility of the inserted cysteine. cDNAs encoding Cys-rhEPOs were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis and expressed as secreted proteins in flask cultures of P. pastoris. The selection of highly expressing clones and the optimization of certain culture parameters resulted in protein expression levels of 100-170 mg/l. Purified Cys-rhEPOs were cysteine-specifically PEGylated using 20 kDa and 30 kDa mPEG-maleimides (methoxy polyethylene glycol-maleimides). The E89CEPO analog with the highest (96.6%) cysteine accessibility was conjugated to PEG-polymers with the largest yields (about 80%). In comparison with rhEPO, 30 kDa PEG-E89CEPO demonstrated a significant (approximately 30%) increase in the mean residence time. Whereas the in vitro activities of 30 kDa PEG-E89CEPO were comparable to those of rhEPO, the in vivo activity of this conjugate was more prolonged compared to rhEPO (12 days vs. 7 days). Our results demonstrate that the site-specific PEGylation of Pichia-expressed EPO analogs may be considered as a promising approach for generating cost-effective and long-acting erythropoiesis-stimulating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Maleki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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