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Cao G, Zhu Z, Yang D, Wu W, Yang F, Liu Y, Xu J, Zhang Y. Fu'cupping Physical Permeation-Enhancing Technique Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of Corydalis yanhusuo Gel Plaster. PLANTA MEDICA 2024. [PMID: 38876472 DOI: 10.1055/a-2344-8841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Corydalis yanhusuo, a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used to treat various pains, and its active ingredients are alkaloids. This study aimed to develop a new type of transdermal gel plaster containing the extract of C. yanhusuo. Studies have shown that Fu'cupping physical permeation-enhancing technique can promote the penetration of alkaloids and improve the efficacy of drugs. A transdermal gel plaster containing the extract of C. yanhusuo was prepared and optimized using an orthogonal experimental design. The skin permeation ability of the gel plaster was studied in vitro, while the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the prepared patch alone or with Fu'cupping physical permeation-enhancing technique were evaluated in a rat model. The formulation of a gel plaster containing C. yanhusuo extract was successfully prepared with an optimized composition consisting of glycerin (15 g), sodium polyacrylate (2 g), silicon dioxide (0.3 g), ethanol (2 g), aluminum oxide (0.1 g), citric acid (0.05 g), the C. yanhusuo extract (3 g), and water (15 g). The cumulative transdermal permeation of dehydrocorydaline, corypalmine, tetrahydropalmatine, and corydaline in 24 h was estimated to be 569.7 ± 63.2, 74.5 ± 13.7, 82.4 ± 17.2, and 38.9 ± 8.1 µg/cm2, respectively. The in vitro diffusion of dehydrocorydaline and corydaline followed the zero-order kinetics profile, while that of corypalmine and tetrahydropalmatine followed a Higuchi equation. The prepared gel plaster significantly reduced paw swelling, downregulated inflammatory cytokines, and mitigated pain induced by mechanical or chemical stimuli. The Fu'cupping physical permeation-enhancing technique further improved the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the patch. The combined application of the Fu'cupping physical permeation-enhancing technique and the alkaloid gel plaster may be effective against inflammation and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiong Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Zilan Zhu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dingyi Yang
- Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yao Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongping Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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Li M, Liu C, Cai Y, Song H, Fang L. Transdermal Enhancement Strategy of Lappaconitine: Alteration of Keratin Configuration by Counter-Ion. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:61. [PMID: 35059926 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a lappaconitine (LA) transdermal patch with counter-ion to increase the transdermal permeability of the drug, and a theory of counter-ion altering the conformation of the skin keratin was put forward based on the in vitro skin permeation study and physicochemical properties of ion-pairs. Formulation factors including pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs), drug-loading, counter-ions and molar ratios of counter-ion were screened by in vitro skin permeation study. The optimized formulation was composed of 7% LA, 1.5 mole cinnamic acid and AAOH (PSA containing hydroxyl group synthesized by our laboratory) as an adhesive matrix. The optimized patch was evaluated by the pharmacokinetic and analgesic pharmacodynamic studies. AUC0-t and pain inhibition ratio of the optimized patch were 2450.40 ± 848.52 h ng/mL and 81.18%, which showed good absorption into the skin and excellent analgesic effect. The mechanism of facilitated transdermal drug permeation by counter-ion was investigated by ATR-FTIR, thermal analysis, FTIR, XPS and molecular docking. The results indicated that after the formation of ion-pairs, the excess counter-ions would alter the conformation of the skin keratin, thus increasing the transdermal penetration of LA. In conclusion, the LA patch was successfully optimized, and the effect of counter-ions on the skin was clarified at the molecular level. These findings provided additional references for the application of counter-ion in the transdermal drug delivery system.
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Zhang Y, Liu C, Xu W, Quan P, Luo Z, Yang D, Fang L. An investigation on percutaneous permeation of flurbiprofen enantiomers: The role of molecular interaction between drug and skin components. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120503. [PMID: 33746012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate skin permeation profiles of chiral flurbiprofen and clarify the molecular mechanism of transdermal permeation difference of enantiomers. The in vitro transdermal permeation of enantiomers through rat skin was studied by diffusion cells. Physicochemical parameters of model chiral drugs were determined. Molecular interaction between chiral flurbiprofen and ceramides of skin was investigated by FTIR, 13C NMR and molecular docking. The skin permeation mechanism of chiral drugs was characterized by ATR-FTIR, Raman spectra, DSC and molecular dynamic simulation. The results showed that the amount of the permeation and retention amount of (S)-flurbiprofen was 1.5 times over that of (R)-flurbiprofen. And it was proven that the difference was not induced by physicochemical properties but the molecular interaction between drug-skin components. (S)-flurbiprofen was easy to form stronger hydrogen bonding with -CONH group of skin lipids due to its steric configuration, which disturbed lipids arrangement more easily according to the results of ATR-FTIR (ΔνasCH2 = 1.00 cm-1), Raman spectra (ΔI2882/I2853 = 0.32) and the DSC (ΔTm stratum corneum = 11.75 °C). It was demonstrated more obvious effect on the second structure of keratin by ATR-FTIR study (Δ Amide I = 3.60 cm-1 and Δ Amide II = 3.38 cm-1). Better compatibility between (S)-flurbiprofen and lipids was confirmed quantificationally by thermodynamic analysis. In conclusion, the higher interaction between (S)-flurbiprofen and skin components, the higher skin permeation, which contributes to decrease the administration dose and increase the therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Peng Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Zheng Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Degong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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Quan P, Jiao B, Shang R, Liu C, Fang L. Alternative therapy of rheumatoid arthritis with a novel transdermal patch containing Siegesbeckiae Herba extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113294. [PMID: 32841693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Siegesbeckiae Herba (SiH) is a traditional anti-rheumatic herbal medicine in China. A SiH derived product, Phynova Joint and Muscle Relief Tablets™, has been granted the UK license in 2015. Although transdermal delivery provides better patient compliance and relative constant plasma drug concentration, the feasibility of transdermal delivery of SiH was not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present study was to develop a novel transdermal patch containing SiH extract for alternative therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS SiH extract containing 48.5% (w/w) of kirenol was prepared from Siegesbeckia pubescens Makino. Then transdermal patches containing SiH extract were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique. The formulation of the transdermal patch was optimized based on the in vitro skin permeation experiment. Finally, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of the optimal patch were evaluated by chronic inflammation model induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and writhing model induced by acetic acid, separately. RESULTS Oleic acid (OA) showed the maximum permeation enhancement effect with the enhancement ratio (ER) values of 3.32. Therefore, OA was used as a permeation enhancer in the transdermal patch. The optimal formulation consisted of SiH extract (10% of the matrix, w/w), OA (10% of the matrix, w/w), DURO-TAK® 87-2287 (pressure sensitive adhesive matrix) and Scotchpak™ 9701 (backing layer). The optimal transdermal patch containing SiH extract significantly reduced the degree of paw swelling and number of writhing in inflammation model and writhing model, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The developed transdermal patch containing Siegesbeckiae Herba extract showed good anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, which demonstrated a great potential for alternative therapy of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Baixin Jiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Rui Shang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Zhao H, Liu C, Yang D, Wan X, Shang R, Quan P, Fang L. Molecular mechanism of ion-pair releasing from acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive containing carboxyl group: Roles of doubly ionic hydrogen bond in the controlled release process of bisoprolol ion-pair. J Control Release 2018; 289:146-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Junqueira Garcia MT, Pedralino Gonçalves T, São Félix Martins É, Silva Martins T, Carvalho de Abreu Fantini M, Regazi Minarini PR, Costa Fernandez S, Cassone Salata G, Biagini Lopes L. Improvement of cutaneous delivery of methylene blue by liquid crystals. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:454-465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wang W, Liu C, Luo Z, Wan X, Fang L. Investigation of molecular mobility of pressure-sensitive-adhesive in oxybutynin patch in vitro and in vivo : Effect of sorbitan monooleate on drug release and patch mechanical property. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 122:116-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Liu W, Zhao Q, Lv L, Yan S, Song Q, Chen T, Yao Q. Pomegranate Seed Oil Enhances the Percutaneous Absorption of trans-Resveratrol. J Oleo Sci 2018. [PMID: 29526870 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess17144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) is primarily composed of unsaturated fatty acids, implying its potential application as a transdermal enhancer. In this study, the function of PSO in prompting the percutaneous absorption of resveratrol was examined and compared with isopropyl palmitate (IP). IP of 10% enhanced the cumulative permeation amount of resveratrol by 50% but did not influence the permeation velocity. Though 2.5% and 5.0% IP accelerated the penetration process of resveratrol, they had no discernable impact on total permeation amount. In contrast, the cumulative percutaneous amount of the drug with 2.5%, 5.0% and 10% PSO was 1.25, 2.25, and 3.14-fold that of resveratrol alone, respectively. Moreover, PSO of different concentrations speeded up resveratrol to permeate through skin in the whole process, exhibiting its superior capacity over IP in enhancing the transdermal absorption of resveratrol. IP of 2.5% substantially augmented resveratrol retention in stratum corneum (SC), epidermis, and dermis (p < 0.05) while 2.5% PSO only increased the drug detaining in SC. Involvement of oils also aided in resveratrol diffusion within skin. The study demonstrates that both IP and PSO prompted the percutaneous transport of resveratrol. PSO presents more promising opportunities in serving as a percutaneous enhancer for transdermal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Chengdu University
| | - Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Chengdu University
| | - Luyang Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest University for Nationalities
| | - Suo Yan
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University
| | - Qin Song
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Chengdu University
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Chengdu Medical College
| | - Qian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Chengdu University
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Zhao H, Liu C, Quan P, Wan X, Shen M, Fang L. Mechanism study on ion-pair complexes controlling skin permeability: Effect of ion-pair dissociation in the viable epidermis on transdermal permeation of bisoprolol. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liu X, Liu M, Liu C, Quan P, Zhao Y, Fang L. An insight into the molecular mechanism of the temporary enhancement effect of isopulegol decanoate on the skin. Int J Pharm 2017; 529:161-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Wang J, Dong C, Song Z, Zhang W, He X, Zhang R, Guo C, Zhang C, Li F, Wang C, Yuan C. Monocyclic monoterpenes as penetration enhancers of ligustrazine hydrochloride for dermal delivery. Pharm Dev Technol 2016; 22:571-577. [PMID: 27269134 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2016.1189936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the enhancing effects and the mechanism of monocyclic monoterpene penetration enhancers (menthol and menthone) on the transdermal absorption of ligustrazine hydrochloride (LH). Franz-type diffusion cells were used to determine percutaneous parameters of LH in vitro and surface changes of porcine skin were studied by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects of promoters on the biophysical natures of stratum corneum (SC) were researched by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR). Penetration parameters of menthol (p < 0.01) and menthone groups (p < 0.05) were greater than those of the control; morphological changes of skin monitored by SEM demonstrated that the menthone group had the most disruption and desquamation of SC flakes, which resulted from extracted lipids. FT-IR measurements showed menthone had the greatest changes in peak shift and peak area, which resulted from C-H stretching vibrations of SC lipids. The results suggest that the penetration mechanism might include disturbing and extracting SC lipids and the hydrogen bond connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoying Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Cuilan Dong
- b The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu , Zhangqiu , PR China
| | - Zijing Song
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Xin He
- c School of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Runqi Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Changrun Guo
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China.,d Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Fei Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Chongzhi Wang
- d Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Chunsu Yuan
- d Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
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Cui H, Quan P, Zhao H, Wen X, Song W, Xiao Y, Zhao Y, Fang L. Mechanism of Ion-Pair Strategy in Modulating Skin Permeability of Zaltoprofen: Insight from Molecular-Level Resolution Based on Molecular Modeling and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:3395-403. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hui M, Quan P, Yang Y, Fang L. The effect of ion-pair formation combined with penetration enhancers on the skin permeation of loxoprofen. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:1550-7. [PMID: 25386739 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.981768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Loxoprofen (LOXO) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Repeated oral administrations induce gastrointestinal side effects. Patches are a promising alternative. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of organic amines on the skin permeation of LOXO and finally design a patch with a comparable permeation profile and pharmacodynamic effects to the commercial LOXONA® plaster. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of organic amines were assessed by flux values of LOXO from isopropyl myristate (IPM), using horizontal diffusion cell and rabbit skin. FTIR spectroscopy was used to confirm ion-pair formation. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity assessments were performed in the adjuvant arthritis rat model and acetic acid-induced writhing syndrome in mouse, separately. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results showed that triethylamine (TEA) was the most potential candidate in IPM, with the highest flux of 499.75 ± 32.40 µg/cm(2)/h. In patch, the highest flux of 369.37 ± 34.32 µg/cm(2)/h was still obtained by LOXO-TEA. Combined with penetration enhancers, the cumulative amounts were further increased in presence of 5% IPM, which exhibited a flux of 840.04 ± 66.38 µg/cm(2)/h as two times of the commercial one. Ultimately, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity assessment presented that a comparable pharmacodynamic activity with the commercial one could be obtained by the patch we designed. Additionally, we also found that LOXO patch applied topically exerted a systemic effect, and the effect was dose-dependent. CONCLUSION It was feasible for LOXO patch design by combination of ion-pair technology and chemical enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hui
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Quan
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Yang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Fang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , People's Republic of China
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Che QE, Quan P, Mu M, Zhang X, Zhao H, Zhang Y, You S, Xiao Y, Fang L. Enantioselective skin permeation of ibuprofen enantiomers: mechanistic insights from ATR-FTIR and CLSM studies based on synthetic enantiomers as naphthalimide fluorescent probes. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1513-23. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.929661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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