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Smith MM, Melrose J. Pentosan Polysulfate Affords Pleotropic Protection to Multiple Cells and Tissues. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:437. [PMID: 36986536 PMCID: PMC10132487 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentosan polysulfate (PPS), a small semi-synthetic highly sulfated heparan sulfate (HS)-like molecule, shares many of the interactive properties of HS. The aim of this review was to outline the potential of PPS as an interventional therapeutic protective agent in physiological processes affecting pathological tissues. PPS is a multifunctional molecule with diverse therapeutic actions against many disease processes. PPS has been used for decades in the treatment of interstitial cystitis and painful bowel disease, it has tissue-protective properties as a protease inhibitor in cartilage, tendon and IVD, and it has been used as a cell-directive component in bioscaffolds in tissue engineering applications. PPS regulates complement activation, coagulation, fibrinolysis and thrombocytopenia, and it promotes the synthesis of hyaluronan. Nerve growth factor production in osteocytes is inhibited by PPS, reducing bone pain in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (OA/RA). PPS also removes fatty compounds from lipid-engorged subchondral blood vessels in OA/RA cartilage, reducing joint pain. PPS regulates cytokine and inflammatory mediator production and is also an anti-tumor agent that promotes the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and the development of progenitor cell lineages that have proven to be useful in strategies designed to effect repair of the degenerate intervertebral disc (IVD) and OA cartilage. PPS stimulates proteoglycan synthesis by chondrocytes in the presence or absence of interleukin (IL)-1, and stimulates hyaluronan production by synoviocytes. PPS is thus a multifunctional tissue-protective molecule of potential therapeutic application for a diverse range of disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. Smith
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia;
- Graduate Schools of Biomedical Engineering, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern Campus, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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2
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Fan B, Liu L, Zheng Y, Xing Y, Shen W, Li Q, Wang R, Liang G. Novel pH-responsive and mucoadhesive chitosan-based nanoparticles for oral delivery of low molecular weight heparin with enhanced bioavailability and anticoagulant effect. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Not Just Anticoagulation—New and Old Applications of Heparin. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206968. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, heparin, as the most important anticoagulant drug, has been widely used in clinical settings to prevent and treat thrombosis in a variety of diseases. However, with in-depth research, the therapeutic potential of heparin is being explored beyond anticoagulation. To date, heparin and its derivatives have been tested in the protection against and repair of inflammatory, antitumor, and cardiovascular diseases. It has also been explored as an antiangiogenic, preventive, and antiviral agent for atherosclerosis. This review focused on the new and old applications of heparin and discussed the potential mechanisms explaining the biological diversity of heparin.
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Xu J, Zhang Y, Nie G. Intelligent antithrombotic nanomedicines: Progress, opportunities, and challenges. VIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology Guangdong China
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
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Tang B, Qian Y, Fang G. Development of Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles for Improving Oral Absorption of Enoxaparin. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E607. [PMID: 32629827 PMCID: PMC7407632 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Enoxaparin, an anticoagulant that helps prevent the formation of blood clots, is administered parenterally. Here, we report the development and evaluation of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNs) for the oral delivery of enoxaparin. The polymer poloxamer 407 (P407) was incorporated into lipid nanoparticles to form gel cores and ensure high encapsulation efficiency and the controlled release of enoxaparin. In vitro results indicated that 30% of P407 incorporation offered higher encapsulation efficiency and sustained the release of enoxaparin. Laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM) images showed that LPHNs could not only significantly improve the accumulation of enoxaparin in intestinal villi but also facilitate enoxaparin transport into the underlayer of intestinal epithelial cells. In vivo pharmacokinetic study results indicated that the oral bioavailability of enoxaparin was markedly increased about 6.8-fold by LPHNs. In addition, its therapeutic efficacy against pulmonary thromboembolism was improved 2.99-fold by LPHNs. Moreover, LPHNs exhibited excellent biocompatibility in the intestine. Overall, the LPHN is a promising delivery carrier to boost the oral absorption of enoxaparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China; (B.T.); (Y.Q.)
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- Yabang Medical Research Institute, 66 Changhong Road, Changzhou 213145, China
| | - Yu Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China; (B.T.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Guihua Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China; (B.T.); (Y.Q.)
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Akhtar F, Wan X, Wu G, Kesse S, Wang S, He S. Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins: Reduced Size Particulate Systems for Improved Therapeutic Outcomes. Molecules 2018; 23:E1757. [PMID: 30021958 PMCID: PMC6100363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide range of diseases have been treated using low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), the drug of choice for anticoagulation. Owing to their better pharmacokinetic features compared to those of unfractionated heparin (uFH), several systems incorporating LMWHs have been investigated to deliver and improve their therapeutic outcomes, especially through development of their micro- and nano-particles. This review article describes current perspectives on the fabrication, characterization, and application of LMWHs-loaded micro- and nano-particles to achieve ameliorated bioavailability. The valuable applications of LMWH will continue to encourage researchers to identify efficient delivery systems that have specific release characteristics and ameliorated bioavailability, overcoming the challenges presented by biological obstructions and the physicochemical properties of LMWHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Akhtar
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xinyu Wan
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Samuel Kesse
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Shaoda Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Shuying He
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Sun H, Cao D, Wu H, Liu H, Ke X, Ci T. Development of low molecular weight heparin based nanoparticles for metastatic breast cancer therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:343-355. [PMID: 29409771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the primary obstacle in cancer treatment and is always the leading cause of human death. And heparin and its derivatives are potential anti-metastatic agents with good biocompatibility. In this work, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) based LMWH-Cholesterol (LHC) conjugates were prepared for intravenous delivery of doxorubicin (DOX). The DOX/LHC nanoparticles (DOX/LHC NPs) exhibited a spherical shape with a mean diameter of 135.5±2.2nm and had a longer circulation time than that of DOX. The in vitro results confirmed that the DOX/LHC NPs was more effectively taken up by 4T1 cells and showed a stronger anti-metastatic effect by cell invasion and cell migration compared with DOX. Meanwhile, DOX/LHC NPs also exhibited superior anti-metastatic effects in the pulmonary metastasis model compared with other groups. The reason may be account for the synergistic effect between the cytotoxic drug of DOX and its drug carrier of LMWH based nanoparticles, which is capable of anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic efficiency. Thus DOX/LHC nanoparticles could be a promising anti-metastatic drug delivery system for postoperative chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dinglingge Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xue Ke
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Tianyuan Ci
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Ibrahim SS, Osman R, Mortada ND, Geneidy AS, Awad GAS. Passive targeting and lung tolerability of enoxaparin microspheres for a sustained antithrombotic activity in rats. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:243-251. [PMID: 28156170 PMCID: PMC8241188 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1245368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary bed can retain microparticles (MP) larger than their capillaries' diameter, hence we offer a promising way for lung passive targeting following intravenous (IV) administration. In this study, enoxaparin (Enox)-albumin microspheres (Enox-Alb MS) were, optimally, developed as lung targeted sustained release MP for IV use. Lung tolerability and targeting efficiency of Enox-Alb MS were tested, and the pharmacokinetic profile following IV administration to albino rats was constructed. In vivo studies confirmed high lung targeting efficiency of Enox-Alb MS with lack of potential tissue toxicity. The anticoagulant activity of the selected Alb MS was significantly sustained for up to 38 h compared to 5 h for the market product. Alb MS are promising delivery carriers for controlled and targeted delivery of Enox to the lungs for prophylaxis and treatment of pulmonary embolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa S. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rihab Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nahed D. Mortada
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed-Shawky Geneidy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehanne A. S. Awad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract
The relationship between Behcet's disease (BD) and pregnancy is only reported in limited number of studies. We retrospectively collected data of 26 women with BD diagnosis and their 66 pregnancies. We analysed patients according to disease activity, age at BD diagnosis, age at first/last pregnancy, obstetric history, obstetric complications, neonatal birthweight, associated foetal abnormalities and pregnancy-related complications. Sixteen miscarriages (24.2%), two intrauterine deaths (3%) and 48 live births (72.8%) were identified. Preterm labour was observed in 12 (24%) of 50 deliveries. Colchicine was used in six pregnancies, however, there was no drug treatment for BD in the remaining 59. There was a higher rate of preterm labour and low birthweight in patients using colchicine. BD was in remission in 60 (90.9%) of 66 pregnancies, and disease flared up only in six cases. In conclusion, BD patients with altered symptoms during pregnancy carry an increased risk of obstetric complications. IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject: There are limited and conflicting data about the interaction between BD and gestation. What the results of this study add: Our findings indicated that patients who were in an active symptomatic phase of BD and were being treated with colchicine had an increased risk of preterm delivery and low birthweight. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research: Clinicians should consider increased obstetric complication risk among patients with active BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokcen Orgul
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Fatih Aktoz
- b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sinan Beksac
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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Liu K, Jiang X, Hunziker P. Carbohydrate-based amphiphilic nano delivery systems for cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:16091-16156. [PMID: 27714108 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04489a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are novel drug delivery systems that have been attracting more and more attention in recent years, and have been used for the treatment of cancer, infection, inflammation and other diseases. Among the numerous classes of materials employed for constructing NPs, organic polymers are outstanding due to the flexibility of design and synthesis and the ease of modification and functionalization. In particular, NP based amphiphilic polymers make a great contribution to the delivery of poorly-water soluble drugs. For example, natural, biocompatible and biodegradable products like polysaccharides are widely used as building blocks for the preparation of such drug delivery vehicles. This review will detail carbohydrate based amphiphilic polymeric systems for cancer therapy. Specifically, it focuses on the nature of the polymer employed for the preparation of targeted nanocarriers, the synthetic methods, as well as strategies for the application and evaluation of biological activity. Applications of the amphiphilic polymer systems include drug delivery, gene delivery, photosensitizer delivery, diagnostic imaging and specific ligand-assisted cellular uptake. As a result, a thorough understanding of the relationship between chemical structure and biological properties facilitate the optimal design and rational clinical application of the resulting carbohydrate based nano delivery systems for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kegang Liu
- Nanomedicine Research Lab CLINAM, University Hospital Basel, Bernoullistrasse 20, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland.
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hunziker
- Nanomedicine Research Lab CLINAM, University Hospital Basel, Bernoullistrasse 20, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland. and CLINAM Foundation for Clinical Nanomedicine, Alemannengasse 12, Basel, CH-4016, Switzerland.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anticoagulants have been prescribed to patients to prevent deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. However, because of several problems in anticoagulant therapy, much attention has been directed at developing an ideal anticoagulant, and numerous attempts have been made to develop new anticoagulant delivery systems in recent years. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the challenges associated with the recent development of anticoagulants and their delivery systems. Various delivery methods have been developed to improve the use of anticoagulants. Recent advances in anticoagulant delivery and antidote development are also discussed in the context of their current progression states. EXPERT OPINION There have been many different approaches to developing the delivery system of anticoagulants. One approach has been to expand the use of new oral agents and develop their antidotes. Reducing the size of heparins to use smaller heparins for delivery, and developing oral or topical heparins are also some of the approaches used. Various physical formulations or chemical modifications are other ways that have enhanced the therapeutic potential of anticoagulant agents. On the whole, recent advances have contributed to increasing the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant clinically and have benefited the field of anticoagulant delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooho Park
- a Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngro Byun
- a Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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