Effective interaction studies for inhibition of DNA ligase protein from Staphylococcus aureus

Molecular docking analysis of compounds from Lycopersicon esculentum with the insulin receptor to combat type 2 diabetes

It is known that tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) contains bioactive compounds to combat type-2 diabetes. Therefore, it is of interest to document data from the molecular docking analysis of compounds from Lycopersicon esculentum with the insulin receptors to combat type-2 diabetes. We report the binding features of cinnamic acid, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid & glucoside with insulin receptors for further consideration.

Molecular docking analysis of DNA ligase from Staphylococcus aureus with identical polysaccharides

Staphylococcus aureus has been recognized as an important human pathogen for more than 100 years. DNA ligase is the main protein responsible for the replication of S. aureus. DNA ligase was selected as successive target to control the replication mechanism. The antibacterial activity of polysaccharide is known. Therefore, it is of interest to study the activity of Polysaccharide analogues against DNA ligase in S. aureus using molecular docking analysis. We report ten analogues using scoring parameters with best two analogues as potential drug candidate for the combat of S. aureus infection.

Molecular docking analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor with bioactive molecules from Piper longum as potential anti-cancer agents

It is known that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VGFR) is linked with cancer. Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular binding features of bioactive molecules from Piper longum as potential anti-cancer agents with VGFR2 for further consideration. Thus, we document the binding features of four compounds (sesamin, fargesin, longamide and piperlonguminine) with VGFR2 for further consideration in drug discovery.

In silico and in vivo analysis to identify the antidiabetic activity of beta sitosterol in adipose tissue of high fat diet and sucrose induced type-2 diabetic experimental rats

Adipose tissue is the primary site of storage for excess energy as triglyceride and it helps in synthesizing a number of biologically active compounds that regulate metabolic homeostasis. Consumption of high dietary fat increases stored fat mass and is considered as a main risk factor for metabolic diseases. Beta-sitosterol (β-sitosterol) is a plant sterol. It has the similar chemical structure like cholesterol. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that β-sitosterol has anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic, anti-cancer, anti-arthritic, and hepatoprotective role. However, effect of β-sitosterol on insulin signaling molecules and glucose oxidation has not been explored. Hence in the present study we aimed to discover the protective role of β-sitosterol on the expression of insulin signaling molecules in the adipose tissue of high-fat diet and sucrose-induced type-2 diabetic experimental rats. Effect dose of β-sitosterol (20 mg/kg b.wt, orally for 30 days) was given to high fat diet and sucrose-induced type-2 diabetic rats to study its anti-diabetic activity. Results of the study showed that the treatment with β-sitosterol to diabetes-induced rats normalized the altered levels of blood glucose, serum insulin and testosterone, lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes, insulin receptor (IR), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) proteins. Our present findings indicate that β-sitosterol improves glycemic control through activation of IR and GLUT4 in the adipose tissue of high fat and sucrose-induced type-2 diabetic rats. Insilico analysis also coincides with invivo results. Hence it is very clear that β-sitosterol can act as potent antidiabetic agent.

Biochemical and Structural Characterisation of DNA Ligases from Bacteria and Archaea

DNA ligases are enzymes that seal breaks in the backbones of DNA, leading to them being essential for the survival of all organisms. DNA ligases have been studied from many different types of cells and organisms and shown to have diverse sizes and sequences, with well conserved specific sequences that are required for enzymatic activity. A significant number of DNA ligases have been isolated or prepared in recombinant forms and, here, we review their biochemical and structural characterisation. All DNA ligases contain an essential lysine that transfers an adenylate group from a co-factor to the 5'-phosphate of the DNA end that will ultimately be joined to the 3'-hydroxyl of the neighbouring DNA strand. The essential DNA ligases in bacteria use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( β -NAD+) as their co-factor whereas those that are essential in other cells use adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) as their co-factor. This observation suggests that the essential bacterial enzyme could be targeted by novel antibiotics and the complex molecular structure of β -NAD+ affords multiple opportunities for chemical modification. Several recent studies have synthesised novel derivatives and their biological activity against a range of DNA ligases has been evaluated as inhibitors for drug discovery and/or non-natural substrates for biochemical applications. Here, we review the recent advances that herald new opportunities to alter the biochemical activities of these important enzymes. The recent development of modified derivatives of nucleotides highlights that the continued combination of structural, biochemical and biophysical techniques will be useful in targeting these essential cellular enzymes.