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Yang TC, Shoff C, Kim S, Shaw BA. County social isolation and opioid use disorder among older adults: A longitudinal analysis of Medicare data, 2013-2018. Soc Sci Med 2022; 301:114971. [PMID: 35430465 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to fill three knowledge gaps: (1) unclear role of ecological factors in shaping older adults' risk of opioid use disorder (OUD), (2) a lack of longitudinal perspective in OUD research among older adults, and (3) underexplored racial/ethnic differences in the determinants of OUD in older populations. This study estimates the effects of county-level social isolation, concentrated disadvantage, and income inequality on older adults' risk of OUD using longitudinal data analysis. We merged the 2013-2018 Medicare population (aged 65+) data to the American Community Survey 5-year county-level estimates to create a person-year dataset (N = 47,291,217 person-years) and used conditional logit fixed-effects modeling to test whether changes in individual- and county-level covariates alter older adults' risk of OUD. Moreover, we conducted race/ethnicity-specific models to compare how these associations vary across racial/ethnic groups. At the county-level, a one-unit increase in social isolation (mean = -0.197, SD = 0.511) increased the risk of OUD by 5.5 percent (OR = 1.055; 95% CI = [1.018, 1.094]) and a one-percentage-point increase in the working population employed in primary industry decreases the risk of OUD by 1 percent (OR = 0.990; 95% CI = [0.985, 0.996]). At the individual-level, increases in the Medicare Hierarchical Condition Categories risk score, physical comorbidity, and mental comorbidity all elevate the risk of OUD. The relationship between county-level social isolation and OUD is driven by non-Hispanic whites, while Hispanic beneficiaries are less sensitive to the changes in county-level factors than any other racial ethnic groups. Between 2013 and 2018, US older adults' risk of OUD was associated with both ecological and individual factors, which carries implications for intervention. Further research is needed to understand why associations of individual factors with OUD are comparable across racial/ethnic groups, but county-level social isolation is only associated with OUD among non-Hispanic white beneficiaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Chuan Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | | | - Seulki Kim
- Department of Sociology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin A Shaw
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Analgesic Opioid Misuse and Opioid Use Disorder among Patients with Chronic Non-Cancer Pain and Prescribed Opioids in a Pain Centre in France. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042097. [PMID: 33670004 PMCID: PMC7926319 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) remains a public health challenge around the world. Opioids (PO) have been increasingly used in the treatment of CNCP in the last 20 years. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of opioid misuse and prescribed-opioid use disorder (p-OUD) among patients with CNCP in a pain centre in France, and to analyse risk factors for moderate or severe p-OUD. (2) Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted, including patients consulting for pain management in the pain centre of Brest University Hospital. A self-questionnaire was administered (sociodemographic data, medical data, PO misuse, and p-OUD according the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM 5) criteria). Descriptive, univariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted, together with a principal component analysis, in order to identify factors associated with p-OUD. (3) Results: In total, 115 patients were included, the majority of whom were women, with a mean age of 52 years old [18–82]; 64.3% (n = 74) had a current prescription for opioid analgesics (weak or strong). In this group, 56.7% (n = 42) had no or only mild p-OUD and 43.3% (n = 32) had current moderate or severe p-OUD. Patients with moderate or severe p-OUD were more likely to have a current antidepressant prescription, to have had psychotherapy, to currently use strong opioids and oxycodone, and to report taking more frequent doses than prescribed and feeling dependent. (4) Conclusions: We showed that the prevalence of current moderate/severe p-OUD concerned 43.3% of the patients with a CNCP seeking treatment in a pain centre. According to these results, several measures are relevant in managing p-OUD among patients with CNCP.
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Are Seniors Dependent on Benzodiazepines? A National Clinical Survey of Substance Use Disorder. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 109:528-535. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Brouwer J, van den Berg F, Knooihuizen R, Loerts H, Keijzer M. Exploring Language Learning as a Potential Tool against Cognitive Impairment in Late-Life Depression: Two Meta-Analyses and Suggestions for Future Research. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:E132. [PMID: 32878051 PMCID: PMC7551097 DOI: 10.3390/bs10090132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-life depression (LLD) affects about an eighth of community-dwelling seniors. LLD impacts well-being, with loneliness and small social networks being typical. It has also been linked to cognitive dysfunction and an increased risk of developing dementia. Safety and efficacy of pharmacological treatments for LLD have been debated, and cognitive dysfunction often persists even after remission. Various cognitive interventions have been proposed for LLD. Among these, one has received special attention: foreign language learning could serve as a social intervention that simultaneously targets brain structures affected in LLD. Lifelong bilingualism may significantly delay the onset of cognitive impairment symptoms by boosting cognitive reserve. Even late-life foreign language learning without lifelong bilingualism can train cognitive flexibility. It is then counterintuitive that the effects of language learning on LLD have never been examined. In order to create a theoretical basis for further interdisciplinary research, this paper presents a status quo of current work through two meta-analyses investigating cognitive functioning in LLD on the one hand and in senior bilinguals or seniors following a language course on the other hand. While LLD was consistently associated with cognitive dysfunction, inconsistent results were found for bilingualism and language learners. Possible reasons for this and suggestions for future research are subsequently discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Brouwer
- Department of Linguistics & English as a Second Language, University of Groningen, 9712 EK Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.v.d.B.); (R.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Floor van den Berg
- Department of Linguistics & English as a Second Language, University of Groningen, 9712 EK Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.v.d.B.); (R.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Remco Knooihuizen
- Department of Linguistics & English as a Second Language, University of Groningen, 9712 EK Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.v.d.B.); (R.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Hanneke Loerts
- Department of Minorities and Multilingualism, University of Groningen, 9712 EK Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Merel Keijzer
- Department of Linguistics & English as a Second Language, University of Groningen, 9712 EK Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.v.d.B.); (R.K.); (M.K.)
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5
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Laforgue E, Jobert A, Rousselet M, Grall‐Bronnec M, Jolliet P, Feuillet F, Victorri‐Vigneau C. Do older people know why they take benzodiazepines? A national French cross-sectional survey of long-term consumers. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:870-876. [PMID: 32281123 PMCID: PMC7496121 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics (or Z-drugs) (BZD/Z) are widely prescribed for older patients despite major side effects and risks when chronically used. The patient's understanding of the treatment is one of the keys to good adherence. The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge of BZD/Z treatment among older people who were taking BZD/Z for the long term by studying the concordance between the declared reason for taking BZD/Z and its indication. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, pharmacoepidemiologic ancillary of a national study. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview. All patients from the main study were included. "Good knowledge" was considered when patients gave an indication for each BZD/Z that was similar to its marketing authorisation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to adequately determine profiles and characterise associations. RESULTS More than half of the patients (61.6%) had a good knowledge regarding their treatment. The presence of a psychiatric disorder, a mean duration of BZD/Z use of less than 120 months, a desire to stop treatment, educational status and number and type of BZD/Z used were significantly associated (P < .05) with good knowledge. In the multivariate analysis, only a psychiatric disorder, educational status and taking at least one hypnotic drug were associated with good knowledge. CONCLUSIONS At the time of shared medical decision, it appears essential to improve the knowledge of the treatment by the patient. The rate of patients with good knowledge of their BZD/Z treatment remains low and even lower than what was previously found in the literature for other drug classes. In contrast to patients with good knowledge, these data highlight the characteristics of patients with poor knowledge of their BZD/Z treatment, which may allow populations at risk to be targeted and enable education measures to be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard‐Jules Laforgue
- Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, University HospitalNantesFrance,Addictology and Liaison‐Psychiatry DepartmentCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, University HospitalNantesFrance,INSERM UMR 1246, SPHERE, Methods in Patients‐centered outcomes and Health ResearchNantes and Tours UniversityNantesFrance
| | - Alexandra Jobert
- INSERM UMR 1246, SPHERE, Methods in Patients‐centered outcomes and Health ResearchNantes and Tours UniversityNantesFrance,Direction de la rechercheCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, University HospitalNantesFrance
| | - Morgane Rousselet
- Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, University HospitalNantesFrance,Addictology and Liaison‐Psychiatry DepartmentCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, University HospitalNantesFrance,INSERM UMR 1246, SPHERE, Methods in Patients‐centered outcomes and Health ResearchNantes and Tours UniversityNantesFrance
| | - Marie Grall‐Bronnec
- Addictology and Liaison‐Psychiatry DepartmentCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, University HospitalNantesFrance,INSERM UMR 1246, SPHERE, Methods in Patients‐centered outcomes and Health ResearchNantes and Tours UniversityNantesFrance
| | | | - Pascale Jolliet
- Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, University HospitalNantesFrance,INSERM UMR 1246, SPHERE, Methods in Patients‐centered outcomes and Health ResearchNantes and Tours UniversityNantesFrance
| | - Fanny Feuillet
- INSERM UMR 1246, SPHERE, Methods in Patients‐centered outcomes and Health ResearchNantes and Tours UniversityNantesFrance
| | - Caroline Victorri‐Vigneau
- Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, University HospitalNantesFrance,INSERM UMR 1246, SPHERE, Methods in Patients‐centered outcomes and Health ResearchNantes and Tours UniversityNantesFrance
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Votaw VR, Geyer R, Rieselbach MM, McHugh RK. The epidemiology of benzodiazepine misuse: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 200:95-114. [PMID: 31121495 PMCID: PMC6639084 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzodiazepine misuse is a growing public health problem, with increases in benzodiazepine-related overdose deaths and emergency room visits in recent years. However, relatively little attention has been paid to this emergent problem. We systematically reviewed epidemiological studies on benzodiazepine misuse to identify key findings, limitations, and future directions for research. METHODS PubMed and PsychINFO databases were searched through February 2019 for peer-reviewed publications on benzodiazepine misuse (e.g., use without a prescription; at a higher frequency or dose than prescribed). Eligibility criteria included human studies that focused on the prevalence, trends, correlates, motives, patterns, sources, and consequences of benzodiazepine misuse. RESULTS The search identified 1970 publications, and 351 articles were eligible for data extraction and inclusion. In 2017, benzodiazepines and other tranquilizers were the third most commonly misused illicit or prescription drug in the U.S. (approximately 2.2% of the population). Worldwide rates of misuse appear to be similar to those reported in the U.S. Factors associated with misuse include other substance use, receipt of a benzodiazepine prescription, and psychiatric symptoms and disorders. Benzodiazepine misuse encompasses heterogeneous presentations of motives, patterns, and sources. Moreover, misuse is associated with myriad poor outcomes, including mortality, HIV/HCV risk behaviors, poor self-reported quality of life, criminality, and continued substance use during treatment. CONCLUSIONS Benzodiazepine misuse is a worldwide public health concern that is associated with a number of concerning consequences. Findings from the present review have implications for identifying subgroups who could benefit from prevention and treatment efforts, critical points for intervention, and treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R. Votaw
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Corresponding author: Victoria R. Votaw, Clinical Psychology Ph.D. Student Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Logan Hall, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131,
| | - Rachel Geyer
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Maya M. Rieselbach
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - R. Kathryn McHugh
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA, USA
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Lauzeille D, Guerlais M, Sallenave-Namont C, Etcheverrigaray F, Broccato L, Poisblaud Q, Jolliet P, Victorri-Vigneau C. Medicated or not medicated hypnotic substance use: strategies in sleep disorders among patients of community pharmacy. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2018; 33:216-222. [PMID: 30289178 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The principal outcome was to identify which hypnotics substances, medicated (benzodiazepines, antihistamine, antidepressant…) or not medicated (herbal medicine, homeopathy, melatonin…), were consumed by community pharmacy patients who reported taking something for sleep disorder, and which factors can influence the consumption of medicated substance rather than nonmedicated substance. Data were collected via a network of 73 partner pharmacies around Nantes, France. Patients who reported taking a substance to sleep completed a questionnaire that collected data relative to the different substances consumed by that person for sleep, and the desired effect. Substances were classified in Hypnotic Drug Substances and nonmedicated hypnotic substances. A logistical regression was done in order to highlight the factors associated with the consumption of Hypnotic Drug Substance rather than nonmedicated hypnotic substances. Six hundred and forty-seven patients were included, with an average age of 58 years and 74% female. The principal strategy employed to combat sleep disorder was the consumption of Hypnotic Drug Substance (54%), followed by herbal medicine (32%) and homeopathy (19%). The factors positively associated with the consumption of a Hypnotic Drug Substance are age, living alone, being out of work, or in the process of looking for a job and being a parent. In our survey, the use of Hypnotic Drug Substance to help patients with sleep is far from systematic. On the other hand, among patients who consume HDS, misuse is still significant, particularly in terms of the duration of consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Lauzeille
- Pharmacology department, Centre d'Evaluation et d'Information sur la Pharmacodépendance - Addictovigilance (CEIP-A), Institut de Biologie, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France
| | - Marylène Guerlais
- Pharmacology department, Centre d'Evaluation et d'Information sur la Pharmacodépendance - Addictovigilance (CEIP-A), Institut de Biologie, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France
| | - Claire Sallenave-Namont
- Pharmacy Faculty, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 9 rue Bias BP 61112 44035, Nantes cedex 1, France
| | - François Etcheverrigaray
- Pharmacology department, Centre d'Evaluation et d'Information sur la Pharmacodépendance - Addictovigilance (CEIP-A), Institut de Biologie, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France
| | - Luciano Broccato
- Pharmacology department, Centre d'Evaluation et d'Information sur la Pharmacodépendance - Addictovigilance (CEIP-A), Institut de Biologie, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France
| | - Quentin Poisblaud
- Pharmacology department, Centre d'Evaluation et d'Information sur la Pharmacodépendance - Addictovigilance (CEIP-A), Institut de Biologie, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France
| | - Pascale Jolliet
- Pharmacology department, Centre d'Evaluation et d'Information sur la Pharmacodépendance - Addictovigilance (CEIP-A), Institut de Biologie, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France.,UMR INSERM 1246 - SPHERE, "MethodS in Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch", Institut de recherche en Santé 2, 22 boulevard Benoni-Goullin, 44200 Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Victorri-Vigneau
- Pharmacology department, Centre d'Evaluation et d'Information sur la Pharmacodépendance - Addictovigilance (CEIP-A), Institut de Biologie, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France.,UMR INSERM 1246 - SPHERE, "MethodS in Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch", Institut de recherche en Santé 2, 22 boulevard Benoni-Goullin, 44200 Nantes, France
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8
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Hwang SH, Han S, Choi H, Park C, Kim SM, Kim TH. Trends in the prescription of benzodiazepines for the elderly in Korea. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:303. [PMID: 28830488 PMCID: PMC5567896 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined trends in the prescription of benzodiazepines for the elderly (age over 65 years) in Korea, a country with a higher level of spending on pharmaceuticals compared to that in other Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, and identified factors related to the inappropriate use of such drugs. METHODS We used the National Health Insurance Claims Data (NHICD) for the period 2009-2013, including all reimbursed drug-prescribing information. Following the OECD's prescribing quality indicators (PQIs), we looked at the prevalence, quantities, durations, and inappropriate (long-term or high-quantity) use of benzodiazepines, some of the most widely prescribed, but potentially inappropriate, drugs for the elderly. We also performed multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify factors related to the inappropriate use of these drugs. RESULTS The annual prevalence of benzodiazepine prescribing for elderly subjects decreased slightly over time but remained high (37.9% in 2009 and 35.1% in 2013). There were also small decreases in the inappropriate long-term use of benzodiazepines over the five years, with a 0.6 decrease in the Defined Daily Dose and a 4.1 per 1,000 decreases in elderly user-days. The proportion of subjects using long-acting benzodiazepines also fell from 263.6 to 220.4 per 1,000 elderly patients. The regression analyses found that the inappropriate long-term use of benzodiazepines in the elderly was significantly related to the patients visiting several institutions and physicians prescribing more than 30 days' worth of medication. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of prescribing potentially inappropriate drugs, such as benzodiazepines, remains high in Korea. Policy efforts, such as a periodic assessment of prescribing, restricting prescribing days, and more practical guidelines, are needed to improve the quality of prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hee Hwang
- 0000 0004 0647 5429grid.467842.bHealth Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA), Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Han
- 0000 0004 0647 5429grid.467842.bHealth Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA), Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Choi
- 0000 0004 0647 5429grid.467842.bHealth Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA), Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Choonseon Park
- 0000 0004 0647 5429grid.467842.bHealth Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA), Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Min Kim
- 0000 0004 0647 5429grid.467842.bHealth Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA), Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Hospital Administration, Graduate School of Public Health, Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03711, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Rousselet M, Feuillet F, Gerardin M, Jolliet P, Hardouin JB, Victorri-Vigneau C. The French addictovigilance network clinical assessment: Z-drugs, true false twins. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2017. [PMID: 28649864 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2017.1346084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In France, an addictovigilance network is responsible for evaluating drug dependence, by drawing on pharmacoepidemiological studies, clinical studies and by assessing healthcare professionals' reports on problematic consumption. METHODS The aim of this study was to determine whether zolpidem and zopiclone have different dependence profiles, based on healthcare professionals' reports, and to identify various consumer dependence profiles among zolpidem users and among zopiclone users. Dependence in reports was assessed using the EGAP scale; a scale developed using the DSM diagnostic dependence criteria. RESULTS The comparison of dependence profiles for zolpidem and zopiclone showed differences both in total EGAP score and EGAP item positivity. The descriptive analysis showed that EGAP scores were higher for zolpidem than for zopiclone, suggesting more severe problematic consumption with zolpidem. For zolpidem 2 subpopulations of consumers were identified, with one subpopulation's consumption being more severe than the other, with a significantly higher total EGAP score and more harmful consequences. No subpopulation was highlighted for zopiclone. CONCLUSION These results were in favour of a higher prevalence of physical and compulsive signs of dependence and of harmful consequences of dependence, with zolpidem than with zopiclone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Rousselet
- a Centre for Evaluation and Information on Pharmacodependence - Addictovigilance , Clinical Pharmacology Department, University Hospital , Nantes , France.,b INSERM U1246 SPHERE "methods in Patient-centered outcomes and Health Research" , Nantes University , Nantes , France.,c Addictology and Psychiatry Department , University Hospital , Nantes , France
| | - Fanny Feuillet
- b INSERM U1246 SPHERE "methods in Patient-centered outcomes and Health Research" , Nantes University , Nantes , France
| | - Marie Gerardin
- a Centre for Evaluation and Information on Pharmacodependence - Addictovigilance , Clinical Pharmacology Department, University Hospital , Nantes , France.,b INSERM U1246 SPHERE "methods in Patient-centered outcomes and Health Research" , Nantes University , Nantes , France
| | - Pascale Jolliet
- a Centre for Evaluation and Information on Pharmacodependence - Addictovigilance , Clinical Pharmacology Department, University Hospital , Nantes , France.,b INSERM U1246 SPHERE "methods in Patient-centered outcomes and Health Research" , Nantes University , Nantes , France
| | - Jean-Benoit Hardouin
- b INSERM U1246 SPHERE "methods in Patient-centered outcomes and Health Research" , Nantes University , Nantes , France
| | - Caroline Victorri-Vigneau
- a Centre for Evaluation and Information on Pharmacodependence - Addictovigilance , Clinical Pharmacology Department, University Hospital , Nantes , France.,b INSERM U1246 SPHERE "methods in Patient-centered outcomes and Health Research" , Nantes University , Nantes , France
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10
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Maree RD, Marcum ZA, Saghafi E, Weiner DK, Karp JF. A Systematic Review of Opioid and Benzodiazepine Misuse in Older Adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 24:949-963. [PMID: 27567185 PMCID: PMC5069126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors assessed the prevalence of opioid and benzodiazepine prescription drug misuse in older adults, the risk factors associated with misuse, and age-appropriate interventions. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, a literature search of PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE for peer-reviewed journal articles in English through April 2014 with updates through November 2015 was conducted for reports on misuse of prescription benzodiazepines and opioids in older adults. Relevant publications were reviewed that included participants age ≥65 years. Reference lists were manually searched for key identified articles and geriatric journals through April 2016. Information on the study design, sample, intervention, comparators, outcome, time frame, and risk of bias were abstracted for each article. RESULTS Of 4,932 reviewed reports, 15 were included in this systematic review. Thirteen studies assessed the prevalence of prescription drug misuse and included studies related to opioid shopping behavior, assessment of morbidity and mortality associated with opioid and/or benzodiazepine use, frequency and characteristics of opioid prescribing, frequency of substance use disorders and nonprescription use of pain relievers, and health conditions and experiences of long-term benzodiazepine users. One study identified risk factors for misuse, and one study described the effects of provider education and an electronic support tool as an intervention. CONCLUSION There is a dearth of high quality research on prescription drug misuse in older adults. Existing studies are heterogeneous, making it difficult to draw broad conclusions. The need for further research specific to prescription drug misuse among older adults is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- RD Maree
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - ZA Marcum
- School of Pharmacy, University of Washington
| | - E Saghafi
- Department of Information Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - DK Weiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System
| | - JF Karp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System
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11
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Victorri-Vigneau C, Hardouin JB, Rousselet M, Gerardin M, Guerlais M, Guillou M, Bronnec M, Sébille V, Jolliet P. Multicentre study for validation of the French addictovigilance network reports assessment tool. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 82:1030-9. [PMID: 27302554 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The French health authority (ANSM) is responsible for monitoring medicinal and other drug dependencies. To support these activities, the ANSM manages a network of 13 drug dependence evaluation and information centres (Centres d'Evaluation et d'Information sur la Pharmacodépendance - Addictovigilance - CEIP-A) throughout France. In 2006, the Nantes CEIP-A created a new tool called the EGAP (Echelle de GrAvité de la Pharmacodépendance- drug dependence severity scale) based on DSM IV criteria. This tool allows the creation of a substance use profile that enables the drug dependence severity to be homogeneously quantified by assigning a score to each substance indicated in the reports from health professionals. This article describes the validation and psychometric properties of the drug dependence severity score obtained from the scale ( Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01052675). METHOD The validity of the EGAP construct, the concurrent validity and the discriminative ability of the EGAP score, the consistency of answers to EGAP items, the internal consistency and inter rater reliability of the EGAP score were assessed using statistical methods that are generally used for psychometric tests. RESULTS The total EGAP score was a reliable and precise measure for evaluating drug dependence (Cronbach alpha = 0.84; ASI correlation = 0.70; global ICC = 0.92). In addition to its good psychometric properties, the EGAP is a simple and efficient tool that can be easily specified on the official ANSM notification form. CONCLUSION The good psychometric properties of the total EGAP score justify its use for evaluating the severity of drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Victorri-Vigneau
- Pharmacology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Institute of Biology, Hôtel Dieu, 9, Quai Moncousu, 44093, Nantes Cedex 01, France. .,EA 4275 Biostatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Subjective Measures in Health, UFR Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 rue Gaston Veil, BP 53508, 44035, Nantes cedex 1, France.
| | - Jean Benoit Hardouin
- EA 4275 Biostatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Subjective Measures in Health, UFR Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 rue Gaston Veil, BP 53508, 44035, Nantes cedex 1, France
| | - Morgane Rousselet
- Pharmacology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Institute of Biology, Hôtel Dieu, 9, Quai Moncousu, 44093, Nantes Cedex 01, France.,EA 4275 Biostatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Subjective Measures in Health, UFR Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 rue Gaston Veil, BP 53508, 44035, Nantes cedex 1, France.,Addictology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Bâtiment Louis Philippe, Hôpital St Jacques, 85 rue Saint-Jacques, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Marie Gerardin
- Pharmacology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Institute of Biology, Hôtel Dieu, 9, Quai Moncousu, 44093, Nantes Cedex 01, France.,EA 4275 Biostatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Subjective Measures in Health, UFR Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 rue Gaston Veil, BP 53508, 44035, Nantes cedex 1, France
| | - Marylène Guerlais
- Pharmacology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Institute of Biology, Hôtel Dieu, 9, Quai Moncousu, 44093, Nantes Cedex 01, France
| | - Morgane Guillou
- Addictology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Bâtiment Louis Philippe, Hôpital St Jacques, 85 rue Saint-Jacques, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Marie Bronnec
- EA 4275 Biostatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Subjective Measures in Health, UFR Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 rue Gaston Veil, BP 53508, 44035, Nantes cedex 1, France.,Addictology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Bâtiment Louis Philippe, Hôpital St Jacques, 85 rue Saint-Jacques, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Véronique Sébille
- EA 4275 Biostatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Subjective Measures in Health, UFR Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 rue Gaston Veil, BP 53508, 44035, Nantes cedex 1, France
| | - Pascale Jolliet
- Pharmacology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Institute of Biology, Hôtel Dieu, 9, Quai Moncousu, 44093, Nantes Cedex 01, France.,EA 4275 Biostatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Subjective Measures in Health, UFR Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 rue Gaston Veil, BP 53508, 44035, Nantes cedex 1, France
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Gérardin M, Guerlais M, Guillou-Landréat M, Grall-Bronnec M, Jolliet P, Victorri-Vigneau C. Consommation de benzodiazépines chez le sujet âgé : quelles particularités ? Eur Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
En décembre 2013, l’ANSM publiait un nouveau rapport sur l’état des lieux de la consommation des benzodiazépines et apparentés (BZD) en France[1]. D’après ce rapport, l’âge médian des consommateurs est de 56 ans et la consommation des BZD augmente avec l’âge. Cinquante-cinq pour cent des consommateurs les utilisent plus de 3 mois consécutifs et le temps d’exposition est plus élevé chez les sujets de plus de 65 ans. Afin de déterminer quelles sont les caractéristiques de la consommation des BZD chez les sujets âgés, nous avons réalisé une étude comparant deux groupes de consommateurs chroniques de BZD en Pays de la Loire : des sujets âgés de 65 ans ou plus (seniors) et des adultes de moins de 65 ans (adultes) [2,3]. Les sujets inclus consommaient au moins un traitement par BZD depuis 3 mois ou plus. Le questionnaire utilisé contenait des données socio-démographiques et médicales et une évaluation des modalités de consommation basée sur les items du DSM-IV et le comportement du patient (mode d’obtention, effet recherché…). Chez les seniors, la dose ou durée supérieure, les problèmes relationnels et les problèmes de santé sont moins fréquents que chez les adultes ; 35,2 % des seniors présentent 3 items du DSM-IV ou plus, versus 49,75 % des adultes. La consommation se caractérise chez les seniors par une tolérance plus fréquente, chez les adultes par des conséquences sociales et somatiques et une dose/durée supérieure à ce qui était prévu. Notre étude montre que les consommateurs chroniques de BZD n’ont pas le même profil en fonction de l’âge. Tandis que les adultes rapportent plus de pathologies psychiatriques, avec une consommation plus importante que prévue et qui entraîne des conséquences négatives au niveau social et somatique, les seniors décrivent une consommation plus ritualisée avec peu de conséquences négatives ressenties.
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Guerlais M, Grall-Bronnec M, Feuillet F, Gérardin M, Jolliet P, Victorri-Vigneau C. Dependence on prescription benzodiazepines and Z-drugs among young to middle-aged patients in France. Subst Use Misuse 2015; 50:320-7. [PMID: 25474727 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2014.980952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzodiazepines (BZD) and nonbenzodiazepines hypnotics (z-drugs) are recognized as one of the most widely prescribed medications in the world. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to assess the BZD and z-drugs dependence in young to middle-aged outpatients who were taking BZD/z-drugs on a chronic basis, and to characterize their profile. METHODS This is a forward-looking cross-sectional epidemiological study. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview within a network of partner pharmacies from the Nantes area, in France. All data were obtained exclusively through patients' declarations. 212 patients (19-64 years old) were included: they were considered dependent when they answered positively to at least three items of the DSM IV. A multivariate logistic regression and a principal component analysis (PCA) were carried out to determine their profile. RESULTS Almost half of the patients met criteria for BZD/z-drugs dependence. The risk to develop BZD/z-drugs dependence is significantly associated with psychiatric history and with the quantity of BZD/z-drugs that is taken. A two factor concept of dependence could be identified according to the PCA: one axis with items of "tolerance" and "long term administration or higher doses", and a second axis with "concerned by treatment" and "somatic consequences". Conclusions/Importance: Among this BZD/z-drug dependent population, the two axes identified in the PCA represent two profiles of dependence: being in positive conditioning or suffering from negative consequences. Clinicians need to know them: these two clinical profiles may have an influence in terms of decision-making, especially to manage discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marylène Guerlais
- 1CHU de Nantes, Clinical Pharmacology department, Institut de Biologie, 9 quai Moncousu, Nantes, France
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Gérardin M, Victorri-Vigneau C, Guerlais M, Guillou-Landreat M, Grall-Bronnec M, Jolliet P. Benzodiazepines consumption: does dependence vary with age? Subst Use Misuse 2014; 49:1417-25. [PMID: 24810390 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2014.912226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We have compared two groups of chronic benzodiazepines (or zolpidem/zopiclone) users: "Seniors," aged 65 years or more, and "Adults," aged less than 65 years. The study took place in the Pays de Loire region. The questionnaire assesses dependence based on items from the DSM-IV. The analysis was based on 176 Senior questionnaires and 212 Adult questionnaires. Whereas Senior patients take benzodiazepines routinely with little negative consequences, Adults suffer from underlying psychological trouble, mention a higher consumption than planned, which causes negative consequences. 35.2% of Seniors are dependent on benzodiazepines versus 49.8% of Adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Gérardin
- 1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
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