1
|
dos Santos B, Farzan Nipun R, Maria Subic A, Kubica A, Rondinelli N, Marentette D, Muise J, Paes K, Riley M, Bhuiya S, Crosby J, McBride K, Salter J, Orkin AM. Virtual opioid poisoning education and naloxone distribution programs: A scoping review. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2024; 3:e0000412. [PMID: 38848374 PMCID: PMC11161022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The global opioid poisoning crisis is a complex issue with far-reaching public health implications. Opioid Poisoning Education and Naloxone Distribution (OPEND) programs aim to reduce stigma and promote harm reduction strategies, enhancing participants' ability to apply life-saving interventions, including naloxone administration and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to opioid poisoning. While virtual OPEND programs have shown promise in improving knowledge about opioid poisoning response, their implementation and evaluation have been limited. The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked renewed interest in virtual health services, including OPEND programs. Our study reviews the literature on fully virtual OPEND programs worldwide. We analyzed 7,722 articles, 30 of which met our inclusion criteria. We extracted and synthesized information about the interventions' type, content, duration, the scales used, and key findings. Our search shows a diversity of interventions being implemented, with different study designs, duration, outcomes, scales, and different time points for measurement, all of which hinder a meaningful analysis of interventions' effectiveness. Despite this, virtual OPEND programs appear effective in increasing knowledge, confidence, and preparedness to respond to opioid poisoning while improving stigma regarding people who use opioids. This effect appears to be true in a wide variety of populations but is significantly relevant when focused on laypersons. Despite increasing efforts, access remains an issue, with most interventions addressing White people in urban areas. Our findings offer valuable insights for the design, implementation, and evaluation of future virtual OPEND programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna dos Santos
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rifat Farzan Nipun
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anna Maria Subic
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexandra Kubica
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nick Rondinelli
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Heart to Heart First Aid CPR Services Inc., Toronto, Canada
| | - Don Marentette
- Canadian Red Cross Opioid Harm Reduction Advisory Council, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Keely McBride
- Canadian Red Cross Opioid Harm Reduction Advisory Council, Canada
- The Canadian Red Cross Society, Canada
| | - Joe Salter
- Canadian Red Cross Opioid Harm Reduction Advisory Council, Canada
- The Canadian Red Cross Society, Canada
| | - Aaron M. Orkin
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chawla N, Gyawali S, Sharma P, Balhara YPS. Internet-Based Learning for Professionals in Addiction Psychiatry: A Scoping Review. Indian J Psychol Med 2022; 44:325-331. [PMID: 35949641 PMCID: PMC9301747 DOI: 10.1177/02537176221082897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Distance learning techniques are gaining popularity as the internet today is a faster and more convenient source of spreading exhaustive information. We aim at conducting a scoping review on the utility of internet-based learning in addiction psychiatry. METHODS We performed a systematic search of databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane using the following keywords: Distance education, substance related disorder, teaching, internet, along with the MeSH terms ("Internet" AND "Teaching" AND "Substance Related Disorders") OR ("Distance Education" AND "Substance Related Disorders"). The reference lists of articles were searched for other relevant literature. RESULTS A total of 34 studies were included. Most of the courses offered online were on specific therapies, for example, training on motivational interviewing, twelve-step facilitation, cognitive behavioral therapy, alcohol screening, and brief intervention. They were based on various aspects of distance learning such as the acquisition of knowledge or skills, feasibility, level of satisfaction of the trainees/students, the cost-effectiveness of the techniques, and the type of trainees who have access to the course. The majority of the studies showed positive findings in terms of the parameter being studied. However, the level of satisfaction among the students is questionable. CONCLUSION Internet-based teaching programs provide a good alternative to traditional educational methods in terms of effectiveness, feasibility, and acquisition of knowledge and skills. We emphasize the use of internet-based training in addiction psychiatry reinforced by actual practical experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Chawla
- Department of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shreeya Gyawali
- North East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pawan Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
- Department of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Adams N. Beyond narcan: comprehensive opioid training for law enforcement. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2020.1838639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Adams
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bergeria CL, Huhn AS, Dunn KE. Randomized comparison of two web-based interventions on immediate and 30-day opioid overdose knowledge in three unique risk groups. Prev Med 2019; 128:105718. [PMID: 31078564 PMCID: PMC6842412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to the opioid overdose epidemic, scalable interventions that instruct at-risk populations how to prevent and respond to overdose scenarios are needed. METHOD The following groups of at-risk individuals were recruited online: (1) Acute Pain patients with an opioid prescription, (2) Chronic Pain patients with an opioid prescription, and (3) persons without pain who use Illicit Opioids. Participants were tested on their opioid overdose knowledge using the Brief Opioid Overdose Knowledge (BOOK) questionnaire and randomized to one of two web-based interventions that contained 25 educational content slides. One intervention consisted of embedded questions with corrective feedback (Presentation + Mastery, n = 58), the other did not (Presentation, n = 61). Participants completed the BOOK again at the end of the intervention and 30 days later. Overdose risk behaviors were assessed at baseline and 30-days. RESULTS Relative to baseline, both Presentation and Presentation + Mastery interventions increased total BOOK scores immediately and 30 days later. There was a significant effect of Group on BOOK Knowledge, whereby those with Acute Pain had lower scores across time, regardless of intervention, relative to those with Chronic Pain and Illicit Opioid Use. Compared to baseline, all three groups reported fewer instances of using opioids alone or concurrently with alcohol at the 30-day follow-up. CONCLUSIONS A web-based intervention increased opioid overdose knowledge and decreased overdose risk behavior immediately and at a one-month follow-up, suggesting that this brief, practical, and scalable program could have utility in several populations who are at-risk of opioid overdose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia L Bergeria
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Andrew S Huhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Kelly E Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prescription opioid misuse and the need to promote medication safety among adolescents. Res Social Adm Pharm 2019; 15:841-844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
6
|
Simmons J, Rajan S, Goldsamt LA, Elliott L. Implementation of Online Opioid Prevention, Recognition and Response Trainings for Laypeople: Year 1 Survey Results. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:1997-2002. [PMID: 29641944 PMCID: PMC6240473 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1451891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article reports on the first implementation of an online opioid-overdose prevention, recognition and response training for laypeople. The training was disseminated nationally in November 2014. Between 2000 and 2014, U.S. opioid deaths increased by 200%. The importance of complementary approaches to reduce opioid overdose deaths, such as online training, cannot be overstated. OBJECTIVES A retrospective evaluation was conducted to assess perceived knowledge, skills to intervene in an overdose, confidence to intervene, and satisfaction with the training. MEASUREMENTS Descriptive statistics were used to report sample characteristics, compare experiences with overdose and/or naloxone between subgroups, and describe participants' satisfaction with the trainings. Z-ratios were used to compare independent proportions, and paired t-tests were used to compare participant responses to items pre- and posttraining, including perceived confidence to intervene and perceived knowledge and skills to intervene successfully. RESULTS Between January and October 2015, 2,450 laypeople took the online training; 1,464 (59.8%) agreed to be contacted. Of these, 311 (21.2% of those contacted) completed the survey. Over 80% reported high satisfaction with content, format and mode of delivery and high satisfaction with items related to confidence and overdose reversal preparedness. Notably, 89.0% of participants felt they had the knowledge and skills to intervene successfully posttraining compared to 20.3% pretraining (z = -17.2, p <.001). Similarly, posttraining, 87.8% of participants felt confident they could successfully intervene compared to 24.4% pretraining (z = -15.9, p <.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the GetNaloxoneNow.org online training for laypeople.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janie Simmons
- a National Development and Research Institutes , New York , New York , USA
| | - Sonali Rajan
- b Department of Health and Behavior Studies , Teacher's College, Columbia University , New York , New York , USA
| | - Lloyd A Goldsamt
- c Meyers College of Nursing, New York University , New York , New York , USA
| | - Luther Elliott
- a National Development and Research Institutes , New York , New York , USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dunn KE, Yepez-Laubach C, Nuzzo PA, Fingerhood M, Kelly A, Berman S, Bigelow GE. Randomized controlled trial of a computerized opioid overdose education intervention. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 173 Suppl 1:S39-S47. [PMID: 28363318 PMCID: PMC5918281 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid overdose (OD) has become a significant public health problem in need of effective interventions. The majority of existing educational interventions target provision of naloxone and are conducted in-person; these elements present logistical barriers that may limit wide-spread implementation. This study developed and evaluated an easily disseminated opioid OD educational intervention and compared computerized versus pamphlet delivery METHODS: Participants (N=76) undergoing opioid detoxification were randomly assigned to receive OD education via a Pamphlet (N=25), Computer (N=24), or Computer+Mastery (N=27) with identical content for all delivery modalities. Primary outcomes were changes from pre- to post-intervention in knowledge of opioid effects, opioid OD symptoms, and recommended opioid OD responses, as well as intervention acceptability. Also assessed at 1 and 3-month follow-ups were retention of knowledge and change in reported OD risk behaviors. RESULTS Knowledge increased following all three intervention-delivery modalities with few between-group differences observed in knowledge gain or acceptability ratings. Largest gains were in the domain of opioid OD response (from 41.8% to 73.8% mean correct responses; p<0.001). Knowledge was well sustained at the 1 and 3-month follow-ups among completers, where a significant reduction was seen in the critical behavioral risk factor of using opioids while alone. CONCLUSION Opioid overdose education delivered by computer or written pamphlet produced sustained increases in knowledge and reduction in a key behavioral risk factor. RESULTS Results support further evaluation of this educational intervention that can be used alone or to complement naloxone-training programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Dunn
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States.
| | - Claudia Yepez-Laubach
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States
| | - Paul A Nuzzo
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States
| | - Michael Fingerhood
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine, United States
| | - Anne Kelly
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine, United States
| | - Suzan Berman
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine, United States
| | - George E Bigelow
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States
| |
Collapse
|