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Min MO, Minnes S, Momotaz H, Singer LT, Wasden A, Bearer CF. Fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium and substance use in adolescence. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 83:106946. [PMID: 33340653 PMCID: PMC7855880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) continues to be a serious public health problem, yet no reliable clinical tools are available for assessing levels of drinking during pregnancy. Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), the nonoxidative metabolites of ethanol measured in meconium, are potential biomarkers to quantify the level of PAE. The association between the concentrations of FAEEs from meconium and adolescent substance use and related problems was examined in a prospective birth-cohort of adolescents exposed to alcohol and drugs in utero. FAEEs were quantified with gas chromatography via a flame ionization detector. Meconium was analyzed for FAEEs in 216 newborns; 183 of them (81 boys, 102 girls) were assessed at age 15 for alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use using biologic assays and self-report. Substance use problems were assessed using the Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers. Findings from multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that, after controlling for other prenatal drug exposure and covariates, higher concentrations of FAEEs (ethyl myristate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate, ethyl linolenate, and ethyl arachidonate) were related to a greater likelihood of marijuana use and experiencing substance use problems, but not tobacco or alcohol use, at age 15. Elevated levels of FAEEs in meconium may be promising markers for PAE, identifying newborns at risk for early substance use and developing substance use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeyoung O Min
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, United States.
| | - Sonia Minnes
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Hasina Momotaz
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Lynn T Singer
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Anna Wasden
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, United States
| | - Cynthia F Bearer
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, United States
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Lees B, Mewton L, Stapinski LA, Teesson M, Squeglia LM. Association of prenatal alcohol exposure with preadolescent alcohol sipping in the ABCD study®. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 214:108187. [PMID: 32731083 PMCID: PMC7425867 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early alcohol use initiation is one of the strongest predictors of alcohol use disorders. Identifying modifiable risk factors for problematic alcohol use can guide prevention initiatives. Globally, approximately 10% of women consume alcohol during pregnancy, however the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on offspring alcohol use patterns has been understudied. The aim of this study was to examine associations between PAE and preadolescent alcohol use behaviors. METHODS Cross-sectional data were utilized from 10,119 children aged 9.0-10.9 years (M = 9.9, SD = 0.6) enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study®, based in the United States. Linear mixed models tested associations between PAE and endorsement of non-religious alcohol sipping in offspring, when adjusting for confounding factors. RESULTS In total, 2675 (26.4 %) youth were prenatally exposed to alcohol. Among PAE youth, total standard drinks consumed during pregnancy ranged from 0.4-90.0 drinks (M = 26.8, SD = 24.5). Compared to unexposed youth, those with any alcohol exposure during early pregnancy (∼0-7 weeks) were 1.7 times (95 % CI 1.4-2.0, p < .0001) more likely to endorse sipping alcohol by ages 9-10, while youth with low-level doses of alcohol throughout the entire pregnancy were 2.9 times (95 % CI 1.9-4.6, p < .0001) more likely to endorse sipping, when adjusting for confounding factors. A dose-dependent association between total standard drinks consumed during pregnancy and youth sipping endorsement was observed (β = 0.2, 95 % CI 0.1-0.2, p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that any alcohol use during pregnancy may play an important role in very early alcohol use experimentation among offspring by ages 9-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Lees
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Louise Mewton
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lexine A Stapinski
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, United States
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Parental Alcohol Use and the Alcohol Misuse of their Offspring in a Finnish Birth Cohort: Investigation of Developmental Timing. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 49:1702-1715. [PMID: 32378014 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a positive association between parental alcohol use and the alcohol use of their offspring. It is less clear whether this relation exists at different developmental periods. The purpose of the current study was to examine the associations between parental alcohol use at two developmental periods (prenatal and adolescence) and the alcohol misuse of their offspring at two developmental periods (adolescence and young adulthood). Data from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986; n = 6963; 51% of offspring were girls) were used. The NFBC1986 is a population-based study of individuals born during a 1-year period in Finland. Multi-informant (parent, teacher, and youth) and multi-method (surveys and population registers) data were collected at four developmental periods (prenatal, childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood). The findings indicated that parents' alcohol use was stable from the prenatal period to adolescence. Mothers' and fathers' (based on mothers' perceptions) alcohol use during the prenatal period and adolescence were directly related to adolescents' heavy drinking. Prenatal alcohol use by mothers and fathers were related to young adults' alcohol use disorder indirectly (but not directly) through mothers' and fathers' alcohol use during adolescence and then through adolescents' heavy drinking. The results suggest that early and ongoing screening for alcohol use by mothers and fathers could help identify individuals at risk for heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems during adolescence and young adulthood.
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Almquist YB, Bishop L, Gustafsson NK, Berg L. Intergenerational transmission of alcohol misuse: mediation and interaction by school performance in a Swedish birth cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health 2020; 74:598-604. [PMID: 32332116 PMCID: PMC7320796 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-213523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children whose parents misuse alcohol have increased risks of own alcohol misuse in adulthood. Though most attain lower school marks, some still perform well in school, which could be an indicator of resilience with protective potential against negative health outcomes. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to examine the processes of mediation and interaction by school performance regarding the intergenerational transmission of alcohol misuse. METHODS Data were drawn from a prospective Swedish cohort study of children born in 1953 (n=14 608). Associations between parental alcohol misuse (ages 0-19) and participants' own alcohol misuse in adulthood (ages 20-63) were examined by means of Cox regression analysis. Four-way decomposition was used to explore mediation and interaction by school performance in grade 6 (age 13), grade 9 (age 16) and grade 12 (age 19). RESULTS Mediation and/or interaction by school performance accounted for a substantial proportion of the association between parental alcohol misuse and own alcohol misuse in adulthood (58% for performance in grade 6, 27% for grade 9 and 30% for grade 12). Moreover, interaction effects appeared to be more important for the outcome than mediation. CONCLUSION Above-average school performance among children whose parents misused alcohol seems to reflect processes of resilience with the potential to break the intergenerational transmission of alcohol misuse. Four-way decomposition offers a viable approach to disentangle processes of interaction from mediation, representing a promising avenue for future longitudinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva B Almquist
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lauren Bishop
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina-Katri Gustafsson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Berg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mota MS, Gomes GC, Ribeiro JP, Oliveira AMND, Pintanel AC, Alvarez SQ. Lifeworld: socio-environmental influence on crack cocaine use by teenagers. Rev Bras Enferm 2019; 71:2123-2130. [PMID: 30365774 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the influence of the lifeworld on crack cocaine use by teenagers undergoing treatment at the Psychosocial Care Center for users of alcohol and other drugs. METHOD Qualitative research carried out with thirteen teenagers attended at the Psychosocial Care Center for users of alcohol and other drugs, from a municipality in the South of Brazil. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and the Comprehensive Analysis was carried out from the Phenomenology of the Social World of Alfred Schütz. RESULTS In the lifeworld, there is influence of the community to which the teenager belongs; of the family, by the excess of permissibility and being in an environment of drug use and violence; and the school, where it is influenced by individuals to consume them. CONCLUSION Elements from the lifeworld influence the teenager for the consumption of crack cocaine, being necessary actions contextualized with their world of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Soares Mota
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Nursing School. Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giovana Calcagno Gomes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Nursing School. Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aline Campelo Pintanel
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Nursing School. Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Simone Quadros Alvarez
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Nursing School. Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Antunes HDA, Rivadeneira-Guerrero MF, Goulart BNGD, Oenning NSX. Familiar factors and illicit drug use among Brazilian adolescents: an analysis of the Brazilian National Survey of School Health (PeNSE, 2015). CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2018; 34:e00009518. [PMID: 30517308 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00009518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Illicit drug use is related to individual characteristics; however, social and family environments seem to be associated with this consumption. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of the relationships between parents or guardians and Brazilian adolescents that use illicit drugs. This is a cross-sectional study with data from the Brazilian National Survey of School Health (PeNSE, 2015), in which the target population was school children from the ninth grade (eighth year). A total of 102,072 students were included in the current research, being 52,782 females and 49,290 males. Illicit drug use was the outcome and family relationship factors were the exposure. For adjustments, factors as sociodemographic characteristics, mental health, as well as tobacco and alcohol use were established. Univariate and multivariate analysis stratified by sex was conducted through Poisson regression, with a robust variance estimator to calculate the prevalence ratio and the 95% confidence interval. The general prevalence of illicit drug use was 3.8%; 3.3% among females and 4.4% among males. The following factors increase the prevalence ratio for illicit drug use in adolescents: not living with their parents, not feeling supervised by parents, and skipping classes without parents' consent. Never feeling understood by parents and frequent physical aggressions by family members were also associated with illicit drug use. Family relationships collaborate to illicit drug use among Brazilian adolescents, considering their sociodemographic factors, alcohol and smoking habits and parents and friends' profiles.
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Mittal N, Thakore N, Reno JM, Bell RL, Maddox WT, Schallert T, Duvauchelle CL. Alcohol-naïve USVs distinguish male HAD-1 from LAD-1 rat strains. Alcohol 2018; 68:9-17. [PMID: 29427829 PMCID: PMC5851795 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are mediated through specific dopaminergic and cholinergic neural pathways and serve as real-time measures of positive and negative emotional status in rodents. Although most USV studies focus primarily on USV counts, each USV possesses a number of characteristics shown to reflect activity in the associated neurotransmitter system. In the present study, we recorded spontaneously emitted USVs from alcohol-naïve high alcohol drinking (HAD-1) and low alcohol drinking (LAD-1) rats. Using our recently developed WAAVES algorithm, we quantified four acoustic characteristics (mean frequency, duration, power, and bandwidth) from each 22-28 kHz and 50-55 kHz frequency-modulated (FM) USV. This rich USV representation allowed us to apply advanced statistical techniques to identify the USV acoustic characteristics that distinguished HAD-1 from LAD-1 rats. Linear mixed models (LMM) examined the predictability of each USV characteristic in isolation and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and binomial logistic regression examined the predictability of linear combinations of the USV characteristics as a group. Results revealed significant differences in acoustic characteristics between HAD-1 and LAD-1 rats in both 22-28 kHz and 50-55 kHz FM USVs. In other words, these rats selectively bred for high- and low-alcohol consumption can be identified as HAD-1 or LAD-1 rats with high classification accuracy (approximately 92-100%) exclusively based on their emitted 22-28 kHz and 50-55 kHz FM USV acoustic characteristics. In addition, acoustic characteristics of 22-28 kHz and 50-55 kHz FM USVs emitted by alcohol-naïve HAD-1 and LAD-1 rats significantly correlate with their future alcohol consumption. Our current findings provide novel evidence that USV acoustic characteristics can be used to discriminate between alcohol-naïve HAD-1 and LAD-1 rats, and may serve as biomarkers in rodents with a predisposition for, or against, excessive alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Mittal
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2409 University Avenue, Stop A1915, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Neha Thakore
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2409 University Avenue, Stop A1915, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - James M Reno
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, United States; The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Division, 108 E. Dean Keeton, Stop A8000, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Richard L Bell
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - W Todd Maddox
- Cognitive Design and Statistical Consulting, Austin, TX 78746, United States
| | - Timothy Schallert
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, United States; The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Division, 108 E. Dean Keeton, Stop A8000, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Christine L Duvauchelle
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2409 University Avenue, Stop A1915, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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