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Cavanagh N, Blanchard IE, Weiss D, Tavares W. Looking back to inform the future: a review of published paramedicine research. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:108. [PMID: 36732779 PMCID: PMC9893690 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paramedicine has evolved in ways that may outpace the science informing these changes. Examining the scholarly pursuits of paramedicine may provide insights into the historical academic focus, which may inform future endeavors and evolution of paramedicine. The objective of this study was to explore the existing discourse in paramedicine research to reflect on the academic pursuits of this community. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Google Scholar and Web of Science from January, 2006 to April, 2019. We further refined the yield using a ranking formula that prioritized journals most relevant to paramedicine, then sampled randomly in two-year clusters for full text review. We extracted literature type, study topic and context, then used elements of qualitative content, thematic, and discourse analysis to further describe the sample. RESULTS The initial search yielded 99,124 citations, leaving 54,638 after removing duplicates and 7084 relevant articles from nine journals after ranking. Subsequently, 2058 articles were included for topic categorization, and 241 papers were included for full text analysis after random sampling. Overall, this literature reveals: 1) a relatively narrow topic focus, given the majority of research has concentrated on general operational activities and specific clinical conditions and interventions (e.g., resuscitation, airway management, etc.); 2) a limited methodological (and possibly philosophical) focus, given that most were observational studies (e.g., cohort, case control, and case series) or editorial/commentary; 3) a variety of observed trajectories of academic attention, indicating where the evolution of paramedicine is evident, areas where scope of practice is uncertain, and areas that aim to improve skills historically considered core to paramedic clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS Included articles suggest a relatively narrow topic focus, a limited methodological focus, and observed trajectories of academic attention indicating where research pursuits and priorities are shifting. We have highlighted that the academic focus may require an alignment with aspirational and direction setting documents aimed at developing paramedicine. This review may be a snapshot of scholarly activity that reflects a young medically directed profession and systems focusing on a few high acuity conditions, with aspirations of professional autonomy contributing to the health and social well-being of communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Cavanagh
- grid.413574.00000 0001 0693 8815Alberta Health Services, Emergency Medical Services, Edmonton, Alberta Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - I. E. Blanchard
- grid.413574.00000 0001 0693 8815Alberta Health Services, Emergency Medical Services, Edmonton, Alberta Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - D. Weiss
- grid.413574.00000 0001 0693 8815Alberta Health Services, Emergency Medical Services, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - W. Tavares
- grid.512795.dThe Wilson Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto/University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada ,York Region Paramedic and Senior Services, Community Health Services Department, Regional Municipality of York, Newmarket, Ontario Canada
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Foorman B, Utarnachitt RB, Danielson K, Brookie T, Henry L, Latimer A. Prolonged Use of an Extraglottic Airway During Air Medical Transport From a Remote Alaskan Island. Air Med J 2022; 41:491-493. [PMID: 36153148 DOI: 10.1016/j.amj.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Extraglottic devices (EGDs) are important tools for airway management in the prehospital and transport medicine environment. EGDs may be used as either a primary airway or rescue device depending on the provider skill level or patient circumstances. Although EGDs do not provide a definitive airway, they can facilitate oxygenation and ventilation in select patients. This is particularly important in the remote or austere environment when difficult airways are infrequently encountered. This case report details the prolonged use of an EGD during air medical transport from a rural Alaskan medical clinic to a large academic tertiary receiving facility, with the total time until definitive airway placement of approximately 9 hours. We review the prehospital coordination and evaluation, in-flight management, and successful transfer of care of the patient to the receiving tertiary center for definitive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Foorman
- Airlift Northwest, Seattle, WA; Harborview Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
| | - Richard B Utarnachitt
- Airlift Northwest, Seattle, WA; Harborview Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Latimer
- Airlift Northwest, Seattle, WA; Harborview Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Lyng JW, Baldino KT, Braude D, Fritz C, March JA, Peterson TD, Yee A. Prehospital Supraglottic Airways: An NAEMSP Position Statement and Resource Document. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2022; 26:32-41. [PMID: 35001830 DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2021.1983680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Supraglottic airway (SGA) devices provide effective conduits for oxygenation and ventilation and may offer protection from gastric aspiration. SGA devices are widely used by EMS clinicians as both rescue and primary airway management devices. While in common use for more than four decades, major developments in SGA education, science, and technology have influenced clinical strategies of SGA insertion and use in prehospital airway management for patients of all ages. NAEMSP recommends:SGAs have utility as a primary or secondary EMS airway intervention. EMS agencies should select SGA strategies that best suit available resources and local clinician skillset, as well as the nature of their clinical practice setting.EMS agencies that perform endotracheal intubation must also equip their clinicians with SGA devices and ensure adequate training and competence.In select situations, drug-assisted airway management may be used by properly credentialed EMS clinicians to facilitate SGA insertion.Confirmation of initial and continuous SGA placement using waveform capnography is strongly encouraged as a best practice.When it is functioning properly, EMS clinicians should refrain from converting an SGA to an endotracheal tube. The decision to convert an SGA to an endotracheal tube must consider the patient's condition, the effectiveness of SGA ventilations, and the clinical context and course of initial SGA insertionSGA training, competency, and clinical use must be continuously evaluated by EMS agencies using focused quality management programs.
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Bosson N, Hansen M, Gausche-Hill M, Lewis RJ, Wendelberger B, Shah MI, VanBuren JM, Wang HE. Design of a novel clinical trial of prehospital pediatric airway management. Clin Trials 2021; 19:62-70. [PMID: 34875893 DOI: 10.1177/17407745211059855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emergency Medical Services personnel are often the first to intervene in the care of critically ill children. Airway management is a fundamental step in prehospital resuscitation, yet there is significant variation in current prehospital airway management practices. Our objective is to present a methodologic approach to determine the optimal strategy for prehospital pediatric airway management. We describe the conceptual premise for the Pediatric Prehospital Airway Resuscitation Trial, a novel Bayesian adaptive sequential platform trial. We developed an innovative design to enable comparison of the three predominant prehospital pediatric airway techniques (bag-mask-ventilation, supraglottic airway insertion, and endotracheal intubation) in three distinct disease groups (cardiac arrest, major trauma, and other respiratory failure). We used a Bayesian statistical approach to provide flexible modeling that can adapt based on prespecified rules according to accumulating trial data with patient enrollment continuing until stopping rules are met. The approach also allows the comparison of multiple interventions in sequence across the different disease states. This Bayesian hierarchical model will be the primary analysis method for the Pediatric Prehospital Airway Resuscitation Trial. The model integrates information across subgroups, a technique known as "borrowing" to generate accurate global and subgroup-specific estimates of treatment effects and enables comparisons of airway intervention arms within the overarching trial. We will use this Bayesian hierarchical linear model that adjusts for subgroup to estimate treatment effects within each subgroup. The model will predict a patient-centered score of 30-day intensive care unit-free survival using arm, subgroup, and emergency medical services agency as predictors. The novel approach of Pediatric Prehospital Airway Resuscitation Trial will provide a feasible method to determine the optimal strategy for prehospital pediatric airway management and may transform the design of future prehospital resuscitation trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole Bosson
- Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services Agency, Santa Fe Springs, CA, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Hansen
- Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Marianne Gausche-Hill
- Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services Agency, Santa Fe Springs, CA, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Roger J Lewis
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.,Berry Consultants, LLC, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Manish I Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John M VanBuren
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Henry E Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Coté CJ, Wilson S. Guidelines for Monitoring and Management of Pediatric Patients Before, During, and After Sedation for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures. Pediatrics 2019; 143:peds.2019-1000. [PMID: 31138666 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The safe sedation of children for procedures requires a systematic approach that includes the following: no administration of sedating medication without the safety net of medical/dental supervision, careful presedation evaluation for underlying medical or surgical conditions that would place the child at increased risk from sedating medications, appropriate fasting for elective procedures and a balance between the depth of sedation and risk for those who are unable to fast because of the urgent nature of the procedure, a focused airway examination for large (kissing) tonsils or anatomic airway abnormalities that might increase the potential for airway obstruction, a clear understanding of the medication's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects and drug interactions, appropriate training and skills in airway management to allow rescue of the patient, age- and size-appropriate equipment for airway management and venous access, appropriate medications and reversal agents, sufficient numbers of appropriately trained staff to both carry out the procedure and monitor the patient, appropriate physiologic monitoring during and after the procedure, a properly equipped and staffed recovery area, recovery to the presedation level of consciousness before discharge from medical/dental supervision, and appropriate discharge instructions. This report was developed through a collaborative effort of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry to offer pediatric providers updated information and guidance in delivering safe sedation to children.
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Wang HE, Schmicker RH, Daya MR, Stephens SW, Idris AH, Carlson JN, Colella MR, Herren H, Hansen M, Richmond NJ, Puyana JCJ, Aufderheide TP, Gray RE, Gray PC, Verkest M, Owens PC, Brienza AM, Sternig KJ, May SJ, Sopko GR, Weisfeldt ML, Nichol G. Effect of a Strategy of Initial Laryngeal Tube Insertion vs Endotracheal Intubation on 72-Hour Survival in Adults With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2018; 320:769-778. [PMID: 30167699 PMCID: PMC6583103 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2018.7044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Emergency medical services (EMS) commonly perform endotracheal intubation (ETI) or insertion of supraglottic airways, such as the laryngeal tube (LT), on patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The optimal method for OHCA advanced airway management is unknown. OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of a strategy of initial LT insertion vs initial ETI in adults with OHCA. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multicenter pragmatic cluster-crossover clinical trial involving EMS agencies from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium. The trial included 3004 adults with OHCA and anticipated need for advanced airway management who were enrolled from December 1, 2015, to November 4, 2017. The final date of follow-up was November 10, 2017. INTERVENTIONS Twenty-seven EMS agencies were randomized in 13 clusters to initial airway management strategy with LT (n = 1505 patients) or ETI (n = 1499 patients), with crossover to the alternate strategy at 3- to 5-month intervals. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was 72-hour survival. Secondary outcomes included return of spontaneous circulation, survival to hospital discharge, favorable neurological status at hospital discharge (Modified Rankin Scale score ≤3), and key adverse events. RESULTS Among 3004 enrolled patients (median [interquartile range] age, 64 [53-76] years, 1829 [60.9%] men), 3000 were included in the primary analysis. Rates of initial airway success were 90.3% with LT and 51.6% with ETI. Seventy-two hour survival was 18.3% in the LT group vs 15.4% in the ETI group (adjusted difference, 2.9% [95% CI, 0.2%-5.6%]; P = .04). Secondary outcomes in the LT group vs ETI group were return of spontaneous circulation (27.9% vs 24.3%; adjusted difference, 3.6% [95% CI, 0.3%-6.8%]; P = .03); hospital survival (10.8% vs 8.1%; adjusted difference, 2.7% [95% CI, 0.6%-4.8%]; P = .01); and favorable neurological status at discharge (7.1% vs 5.0%; adjusted difference, 2.1% [95% CI, 0.3%-3.8%]; P = .02). There were no significant differences in oropharyngeal or hypopharyngeal injury (0.2% vs 0.3%), airway swelling (1.1% vs 1.0%), or pneumonia or pneumonitis (26.1% vs 22.3%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among adults with OHCA, a strategy of initial LT insertion was associated with significantly greater 72-hour survival compared with a strategy of initial ETI. These findings suggest that LT insertion may be considered as an initial airway management strategy in patients with OHCA, but limitations of the pragmatic design, practice setting, and ETI performance characteristics suggest that further research is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02419573.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry E. Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Robert H. Schmicker
- Clinical Trials Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Mohamud R. Daya
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
| | | | - Ahamed H. Idris
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Jestin N. Carlson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Erie, Pennsylvania
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Heather Herren
- Clinical Trials Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Matthew Hansen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
| | - Neal J. Richmond
- MedStar Mobile Healthcare, Fort Worth, Texas
- currently with Department of Emergency Medicine, John Peter Smith Health Network, Fort Worth, Texas
| | | | - Tom P. Aufderheide
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Randal E. Gray
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Pamela C. Gray
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Pamela C. Owens
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | | | | | - Susanne J. May
- Clinical Trials Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - George R. Sopko
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Myron L. Weisfeldt
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Graham Nichol
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Medicine, Harborview Center for Prehospital Emergency Care, University of Washington, Seattle
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7
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Hansen M, Meckler G, Lambert W, Dickinson C, Dickinson K, Van Otterloo J, Guise JM. Patient safety events in out-of-hospital paediatric airway management: a medical record review by the CSI-EMS. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012259. [PMID: 27836871 PMCID: PMC5128842 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the frequency and characterise the nature of patient safety events in paediatric out-of-hospital airway management. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional medical record review of all 'lights and sirens' emergency medicine services transports from 2008 to 2011 in patients <18 years of age in the Portland Oregon metropolitan area. A chart review tool (see online supplementary appendix) was adapted from landmark patient safety studies and revised after pilot testing. Expert panels of physicians and paramedics performed blinded reviews of each chart, identified safety events and described their nature. The primary outcomes were presence and severity of patient safety events related to airway management including oxygen administration, bag-valve-mask ventilation (BVM), airway adjuncts and endotracheal intubation (ETI).DC1SM110.1136/bmjopen-2016-012259.supp1supplementary appendix RESULTS: From the 11 328 paediatric transports during the study period, there were 497 'lights and sirens' (code 3) transports (4.4%). 7 transports were excluded due to missing data. Of the 490 transports included in the analysis, 329 had a total of 338 airway management procedures (some had more than 1 procedure): 61.6% were treated with oxygen, 15.3% with BVM, 8.6% with ETI and 2% with airway adjuncts. The frequency of errors was: 21% (71/338) related to oxygen use, 9.8% (33/338) related to BVM, 9.5% (32/338) related to intubation and 0.9% (3/338) related to airway adjunct use. 58% of intubations required 3 or more attempts or failed altogether. Cardiac arrest was associated with higher odds of a severe error. CONCLUSIONS Errors in paediatric out-of-hospital airway management are common, especially in the context of intubations and during cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hansen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Garth Meckler
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William Lambert
- Department of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Caitlin Dickinson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kathryn Dickinson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joshua Van Otterloo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeanne-Marie Guise
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Coté CJ, Wilson S. Guidelines for Monitoring and Management of Pediatric Patients Before, During, and After Sedation for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures: Update 2016. Pediatrics 2016; 138:peds.2016-1212. [PMID: 27354454 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The safe sedation of children for procedures requires a systematic approach that includes the following: no administration of sedating medication without the safety net of medical/dental supervision, careful presedation evaluation for underlying medical or surgical conditions that would place the child at increased risk from sedating medications, appropriate fasting for elective procedures and a balance between the depth of sedation and risk for those who are unable to fast because of the urgent nature of the procedure, a focused airway examination for large (kissing) tonsils or anatomic airway abnormalities that might increase the potential for airway obstruction, a clear understanding of the medication's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects and drug interactions, appropriate training and skills in airway management to allow rescue of the patient, age- and size-appropriate equipment for airway management and venous access, appropriate medications and reversal agents, sufficient numbers of staff to both carry out the procedure and monitor the patient, appropriate physiologic monitoring during and after the procedure, a properly equipped and staffed recovery area, recovery to the presedation level of consciousness before discharge from medical/dental supervision, and appropriate discharge instructions. This report was developed through a collaborative effort of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry to offer pediatric providers updated information and guidance in delivering safe sedation to children.
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9
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Abelsson A, Rystedt I, Suserud BO, Lindwall L. Mapping the use of simulation in prehospital care - a literature review. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2014; 22:22. [PMID: 24678868 PMCID: PMC3997227 DOI: 10.1186/1757-7241-22-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High energy trauma is rare and, as a result, training of prehospital care providers often takes place during the real situation, with the patient as the object for the learning process. Such training could instead be carried out in the context of simulation, out of danger for both patients and personnel. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the development and foci of research on simulation in prehospital care practice. Methods An integrative literature review were used. Articles based on quantitative as well as qualitative research methods were included, resulting in a comprehensive overview of existing published research. For published articles to be included in the review, the focus of the article had to be prehospital care providers, in prehospital settings. Furthermore, included articles must target interventions that were carried out in a simulation context. Results The volume of published research is distributed between 1984- 2012 and across the regions North America, Europe, Oceania, Asia and Middle East. The simulation methods used were manikins, films, images or paper, live actors, animals and virtual reality. The staff categories focused upon were paramedics, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), medical doctors (MDs), nurse and fire fighters. The main topics of published research on simulation with prehospital care providers included: Intubation, Trauma care, Cardiac Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), Ventilation and Triage. Conclusion Simulation were described as a positive training and education method for prehospital medical staff. It provides opportunities to train assessment, treatment and implementation of procedures and devices under realistic conditions. It is crucial that the staff are familiar with and trained on the identified topics, i.e., intubation, trauma care, CPR, ventilation and triage, which all, to a very large degree, constitute prehospital care. Simulation plays an integral role in this. The current state of prehospital care, which this review reveals, includes inadequate skills of prehospital staff regarding ventilation and CPR, on both children and adults, the lack of skills in paediatric resuscitation and the lack of knowledge in assessing and managing burns victims. These circumstances suggest critical areas for further training and research, at both local and global levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Abelsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
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Jensen JL, Walker M, LeRoux Y, Carter A. Chest Compression Fraction in Simulated Cardiac Arrest Management by Primary Care Paramedics: King Laryngeal Tube Airway Versus Basic Airway Management. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2013; 17:285-90. [DOI: 10.3109/10903127.2012.744784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan L. Jensen
- From Emergency Health Services, Quality and Learning (JLJ, MW),
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada; the Division of EMS, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University (JLJ),
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; the Medicine School, Dalhousie University (YL),
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Emergency Health Services (AC), Dartmouth,
Nova Scotia, Canada; and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University (AC),
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mark Walker
- From Emergency Health Services, Quality and Learning (JLJ, MW),
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada; the Division of EMS, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University (JLJ),
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; the Medicine School, Dalhousie University (YL),
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Emergency Health Services (AC), Dartmouth,
Nova Scotia, Canada; and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University (AC),
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Yves LeRoux
- From Emergency Health Services, Quality and Learning (JLJ, MW),
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada; the Division of EMS, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University (JLJ),
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; the Medicine School, Dalhousie University (YL),
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Emergency Health Services (AC), Dartmouth,
Nova Scotia, Canada; and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University (AC),
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alix Carter
- From Emergency Health Services, Quality and Learning (JLJ, MW),
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada; the Division of EMS, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University (JLJ),
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; the Medicine School, Dalhousie University (YL),
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Emergency Health Services (AC), Dartmouth,
Nova Scotia, Canada; and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University (AC),
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Byars DV, Brodsky RA, Evans D, Lo B, Guins T, Perkins AM. Comparison of direct laryngoscopy to Pediatric King LT-D in simulated airways. Pediatr Emerg Care 2012; 28:750-2. [PMID: 22858748 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0b013e3182624a28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous reports have shown a high rate of ventilation failure via direct laryngoscopy as compared with the King LT-D airway. This difference is further divergent in the pediatric population. The goal of this study was to compare the difference in efficacy of ventilation by prehospital providers in a simulated environment between direct laryngoscopy and Pedi-King LT-D. METHODS In this study, 37 paramedics were exposed to 2 identical 5-minute clinical scenarios in a simulation center using a pediatric simulation tool. In the first scenario, the provider was given all of the standard laryngoscopy equipment. In the second scenario, they were given access only to the Pedi-King LT-D. A comparison of adequate ventilation time between the scenarios was performed. RESULTS A mean improvement of 102 seconds was found when using the Pedi-King airway, with a clinically significant P < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS With a significant improvement in ventilation time in these simulated airways, consideration should be made to practice placement of the King Airway Device as first-line airway stabilization. Further live prospective studies would aid in this recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald V Byars
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
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12
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Mitchell MS, Lee White M, King WD, Wang HE. Paramedic King Laryngeal Tube airway insertion versus endotracheal intubation in simulated pediatric respiratory arrest. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2012; 16:284-8. [PMID: 22229954 DOI: 10.3109/10903127.2011.640762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pediatric endotracheal intubation (ETI) is difficult and can have serious adverse events when performed by paramedics in the prehospital setting. Paramedics may use the King Laryngeal Tube airway (KLT) in difficult adult airways, but only limited data describe their application in pediatric patients. OBJECTIVE To compare paramedic airway insertion speed and complications between KLT and ETI in a simulated model of pediatric respiratory arrest. METHODS This prospective, randomized trial included paramedics and senior paramedic students with limited prior KLT experience. We provided brief training on pediatric KLT insertion. Using a random allocation protocol, participants performed both ETI and KLT on a pediatric mannequin (6-month old size) in simulated respiratory arrest. The primary outcomes were 1) elapsed time to successful airway placement (seconds), and 2) proper airway positioning. We compared airway insertion performance between KLT and ETI using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. Subjects also indicated their preferred airway device. RESULTS The 25 subjects included 19 paramedics and 6 senior paramedic students. Two subjects had prior adult KLT experience. Airway insertion time was not statistically different between the KLT (median 27 secs) and ETI (median 31 secs) (p = 0.08). Esophageal intubation occurred in 2 of 25 (8%) ETI. Airway leak occurred in 3 of 25 (12%) KLT, but ventilation remained satisfactory. Eighty-four percent of the subjects preferred the KLT over ETI. CONCLUSIONS Paramedics and paramedic students demonstrated similar airway insertion performance between KLT and ETI in simulated, pediatric respiratory arrest. Most subjects preferred KLT. KLT may provide a viable alternative to ETI in prehospital pediatric airway management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
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