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Borkens Y. Black Salve (or escharotics). A picture about an unorthodox medical preparation in oncology. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2023; 3:e241. [PMID: 37275421 PMCID: PMC10233163 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Alternative medicine methods and treatments enjoy great popularity. However, many users fail to recognise the dangers associated with these methods. One of these is called Black Ointment or Black Salve. Oncologists and attending physicians should be aware of alternative medical methods such as these and be in a position to provide appropriate advice, intervention, if necessary, at any time when counselling patients in difficult situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Borkens
- Charité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
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Content of Pb and Zn in Sediments and Hydrobionts as Ecological Markers for Pollution Assessment of Freshwater Objects in Bulgaria—A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159600. [PMID: 35954957 PMCID: PMC9367917 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to describe the contents of Pb and Zn in sediments and hydrobionts as ecological markers for the pollution assessment of freshwater objects in Bulgaria, and the data are compared with other countries and regions. Symmetry was found regarding the levels of Zn in the sediment of the Ovcharitsa and Zhrebchevo dams, which were twice the MAC for arable land (Regulation № 3 of Bulgarian legislation). Symmetry was also observed between the results for Zn and Pb in the studied sediments, and the “favorites” in terms of content were the samples from Zhrebchevo Dam and, especially, from Ovcharitsa Dam. Asymmetry was established in the accumulation of Zn in the livers of carps inhabiting Topolnitsa Dam in comparison with these in Ovcharitsa Dam. A similar asymmetry was observed for lead. The analysis of the muscles and livers of the studied fish showed an asymmetry in the accumulation of zinc, and this process was more intense in the liver. Symmetry was found in the accumulation of Pb in the liver and muscle tissues of the carp from the studied water bodies.
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Zeng H, Zhang P, Ye H, Ji Y, Hogstrand C, Green I, Xiao J, Fu Q, Guo Z. Waterborne zinc bioaccumulation influences glucose metabolism in orange-spotted grouper embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117325. [PMID: 34030065 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fish embryos, as an endogenous system, strictly regulate an energy metabolism that is particularly sensitive to environmental pressure. This study used orange-spotted grouper embryos and stable isotope 67Zn to test the hypothesis that waterborne Zn exposure had a significant effect on energy metabolism in embryos. The fish embryos were exposed to a gradient level of waterborne 67Zn, and then sampled to quantify 67Zn bioaccumulation and mRNA expressions of key genes involved glucose metabolism. The results indicated that the bioaccumulated 67Zn generally increased with increasing waterborne 67Zn concentrations, while it tended to be saturated at waterborne 67Zn > 0.7 mg L-1. As we hypothesized, the expression of PK and PFK gene involved glycolysis pathway was significantly up-regulated under waterborne 67Zn exposure >4 mg L-1. Waterborne 67Zn exposure >2 mg L-1 significantly suppressed PCK and G6PC gene expression involved gluconeogenesis pathway, and also inhibited the AKT2, GSK-3beta and GLUT4 genes involved Akt signaling pathway. Our findings first characterized developmental stage-dependent Zn uptake and genotoxicity in fish embryos. We suggest fish embryos, as a small-scale modeling biosystem, have a large potential and wide applicability for determining cytotoxicity/genotoxicity of waterborne metal in aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Peifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Hengzhen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yuxiang Ji
- School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 571199, China
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Metals Metabolism Group, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Iain Green
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Juan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Qiongyao Fu
- School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 571199, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Evaluation of 28-day repeated oral dose toxicity of SUNACTIVE Zn-P240 in rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 125:105001. [PMID: 34242707 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the potential toxicity of repeated oral dose of SUNACTIVE Zn-P240, a new type of zinc supplement, in Sprague-Dawley rats. SUNACTIVE Zn-P240 was administered once daily by gavage at doses of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day for each group over a 28-day period. At 2000 mg/kg/day, there were increases in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase, liver weight, histopathological changes in stomach, liver, and pancreas and decreases in body weight, food consumption, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, total protein (TP), and albumin. At 1000 mg/kg/day, there was an increase in the serum ALP level and there were decreases in the MCV, MCH, and TP. There were no treatment-related adverse effects in the 500 mg/kg/day group. Under the present experimental conditions, the target organs in rats were determined to be the stomach, pancreas, liver, and erythrocyte and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) in rats was considered to be 500 mg/kg/day.
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Puschner B, St Leger J, Galey FD. Normal and toxic zinc concentrations in serum/plasma and liver of psittacines with respect to genus differences. J Vet Diagn Invest 1999; 11:522-7. [PMID: 12968734 DOI: 10.1177/104063879901100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Determination of zinc concentration in serum/plasma and tissue of caged and aviary birds is commonly requested by practitioners because of an increased awareness of zinc toxicity. However, interpretation of zinc levels is often based on normal zinc concentrations established for poultry. Also, it is likely that intergenus differences exist in normal zinc concentrations of pet birds. In an attempt to determine normal and toxic concentration ranges, zinc concentrations in liver (n = 276) and serum/plasma (n = 260) collected from psittacines between 1990 and 1998 were analyzed. Zinc concentrations were determined by inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy analysis. The results were categorized by genus and, when available, by history. Birds that were diagnosed with zinc toxicosis (on the basis of history, clinical examination, pathology, and laboratory findings) were exempt and not included in establishing normal ranges. The results indicate that important differences occur with respect to genera. For example, cockatoos and Eclectus parrots have higher normal zinc concentrations in serum or plasma than other psittacines. In addition, analysis of all the submitted cases suggests that potentially toxic zinc concentrations in livers of psittacines can be well below the range considered toxic in chickens (> 200 ppm).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Puschner
- California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System-Toxicology Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Dashti HM, Mathew TC, Jadaon MM, Ashkanani E. Zinc and liver cirrhosis: biochemical and histopathologic assessment. Nutrition 1997; 13:206-12. [PMID: 9131680 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(96)00403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Experimental liver cirrhosis was produced by administration of thioacetamide. Cirrhotic animals were divided into two groups: one group was given zinc sulphate and the second kept as cirrhotic control. Zinc-treated animals showed a restoration of normal hepatic and plasma zinc and copper levels. Similarly, plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl aminotransferase, and total bilirubin decreased significantly. Light microscopic studies showed that most of the hepatocytes appeared normal in zinc-treated as compared with untreated cirrhotic animals. The amount of fibrin, reticulin, and collagen, which was high in the cirrhotic livers, decreased following zinc treatment. Staining with periodic acid Schiff's reagent showed the ability of hepatocytes to store glycogen after zinc treatment. These results revealed that zinc may have some beneficial effect in the treatment of liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Dashti
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
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Kollmeier H, Seemann J, Wittig P, Rothe G, Witting C. Zinc concentrations in human tissues. Liver zinc in carcinoma and severe liver disease. Pathol Res Pract 1992; 188:942-5. [PMID: 1448385 DOI: 10.1016/s0344-0338(11)80255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In 58 unselected necropsies, zinc (Zn) in specimens of liver (mean +/- s = 280 +/- 178 micrograms/g d.w./4.28 +/- 2.72 mumol/g d.w.), kidney (170 +/- 57 micrograms/g d.w./2.60 +/- 0.87 mumol/g d.w.), spleen (69 +/- 13 micrograms/g d.w./1.05 +/- 0.20 mumol/g d.w.), and lung (64 +/- 16 micrograms/g d.w./0.98 +/- 0.24 mumol/g d.w.) were analysed by means of flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. In the examined range from 25 to 92 years of age, the Zn concentrations in all tissues measured did not show age or sex-dependency. There was a high correlation between the tissue concentration of Zn and Mg in lung, liver, and spleen, between Zn, Mg, and Pb in liver as well as between Zn and Pb and Zn and Cd in kidney. All hepatic cirrhosis cases had very low Zn conc. in liver tissue, the tumor cases generally increasing Zn conc. in liver tissue with progressive stage of regional invasion and distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kollmeier
- Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz, Dortmund, FRG
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